研究目的

第一章、緒論

1.2 研究目的

本研究的主要目的是設計一新的商學院評估模式，並以此對 Asia Inc 中所評估的商學院作分析。首先，我們將搜集到的商學院的學術表現量化資料

(SCI/SSCI 文章數)加入 Asia Inc 2005 年亞洲商學院排名的資料中，作為亞洲商學院的一個評比項目，再建立一排序模式來決定一組共通的權重值，以獲得商學院間的排名。接著我們計算商學院間的相似度，再以決策球模式計算出各個商學院在球面上的座標，並將商學院之間的關係以 3-D 球的方式呈現。最後，利用本研究所建立的分群模式，將此決策球模式上的商學院作確切的分群與分析，綜合以

上，我們此模式總稱為「亞洲商學院排序與分群決策模式」。

另外，本研究亦發展了一支援模式，其主要的目的在於輔助決策者給定商學院排序的偏好關係，我們將針對商學院的實際資料來作資訊的萃取，利用成對比較的方式，找出商學院間的絕對關係，並透過數學邏輯中遞移率﹝Transitivity﹞

的定理來簡化商學院間的絕對關係，最後並以圖像化的方式來提供決策者給予排序偏好關係時的輔助資訊。

統整以上的概念，我們將本研究所建立的模式歸納出以下幾點特色：

(1). 各個商學院的評估準則之權重值由排序模式所產生，而非主觀設定為相等值。

(2). 利用商學院間相似度的計算來提供彼此相互群聚的關係。

(3). 決策者可決定分群的組數。

(4). 以 3-D 圖像化的方式，將商學院間排序與分群的現象以圖形化的決策球模式呈現，而非只有數據式的資料。

(5). 決策者可以加入自我對於商學院排序的偏好關係，因此而提升了模式的彈性。

二、世界商學院評比系統回顧

2.1 Asia Inc -『Asia Inc MBA Schools of Asia 2004: Ranked By

Region』

(1)

資料來源：ASIA INC 2004，ASIA's best MBA schools Aisa Inc 自 1998 年以來即每年對亞洲商學院做評鑑。

(2)

適用對象：亞洲商學院。

(3)

評鑑方法：

Ranking by region：不將全亞洲的大學一起拿來衡量，而將亞洲劃分成許多區域(Region)，依各個區域選定『公認明星大學』，再對此候選大學做衡量加以排名。

評分方式分為三大項，各佔一固定比重：

z Peer-reputation ranking(20 per cent) z School and faculty quality(45 per cent) z Student quality(35 per cent)

三大項共取 17 個衡量因子(Factor)，如下所列:

1). Tuition:

Res (US$)

5). Total full-time MBA students

9). Avg age of full-time students (yrs)

13). % Full-time MBA staff

17). Average class size 2). Tuition: staff with PhD 3). No of

applicants 2004/05 MBA

7). % Women students

11). Avg GMAT score

15). % Staff MBA teaching staff

學校 Tuition: Res (US$)

Tuition: Non-res (US$)

No of applicants

2003/04 MBA % Accepted

Total full-time MBA students

Total enrolment 香港中文大學 MBA

Programming 17135 17135 202 29 65 608

香港大學 Faculty of Business &

Economics 20192 20192 159 41 48 108

香港科技大學 School of

Business & Management 22500 22500 244 36 94 489

日本-Intermational 大學 Graduate School of International

Management 34200 453 19 117 117

上海-交通大學 Aetna School of

Management 9700 12000 507 19 95 810

日本-青山大學 Graduate School

of International Management 19723 91 74 25 155

北京-工業大學 Guanghua

School of Management 8500 12000 2139 12 380 1427

南韓-KAIST Graduate school of

Management 25000 25000 576 35 371 678

台灣-政大大學商學院 4000 4000 650 1926 日本-Intermational 大學

Graduate School of

International Management 20 75 28 5 595 29 59 62 93 6.9 60

上海-交通大學 Aetna School

of Management 0 1 28 5.9 157 57 59 87 1.1 43

日本-青山大學 Graduate School of International

Management 27 6 33 3 45 47 36 91 1.2 20

北京-工業大學 Guanghua

School of Management 18 3 28 5.8 640 117 74 68 42 4.4 60

南韓-KAIST Graduate school

2.2 Financial Times-『World Business School Rank』

Financial Times 為全球最常為人引用的商學院評鑑方法。

資料來源：

21).FT doctoral rating

22).FT research rank

19).Languages

5).Value of

20).Faculty with doctorates (%)

(3) 評鑑結果：

以下是 FT2003 年 MBA 學校排行的順序：前十大分別為賓州州大沃爾

Placement success

1 University of

2 Harvard Business School

美國哈佛

168597 176231 182 2.1 13 1 19

3 Columbia Business School

美國哥倫比亞

162827 153447 232 2.2 8 29 19

4 Stanford University GSB

美國史丹佛

157786 167750 165 1.9 25 1 15

5 University of Chicago GSB 美國芝加哥

Placement success

6 Insead

法國 INSEAD

137521 143513 145 3.6 26 23 23

7 London Business School

9 Northwestern University:Kellogg

University of Science and Technology 香港科技大學

56845 56845 109 2.2 95 98 25

77 Chinese University of Hong Kong

名

2 Harvard Business School

美國哈佛

89 2 22 35 17 34 36

3 Columbia Business School

美國哥倫比亞

88 8 13 32 9 50 30

4 Stanford University GSB

美國史丹佛

82 3 17 37 16 35 36

5 University of Chicago GSB

7 London Business School

9 Northwestern University:Kellogg University of Science and Technology 香港科技大學

90 72 9 53 32 88 61

77 Chinese University of Hong Kong

Languages Faculty with

2 Harvard Business School

美國哈佛

7 35 80 0 97 12 2

3 Columbia Business School

美國哥倫比亞

35 40 69 0 97 16 4

4 Stanford University GSB

美國史丹佛

14 40 66 0 99 10 3

5 University of Chicago GSB

7 London Business School

9 Northwestern University:Kellogg

59 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 香港科技大學

95 47 1 1 100 64 1

77 Chinese University of Hong Kong

2.3 US News-『American’s Best Business Graduate School 2004』

(1) 資料來源：

http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/about/04biz_meth_brie f.php

(2) 適用對象：全美 365 所公認之商學院。

(3) Methodology：在 American’s Best Graduate School 的評鑑中, 有些使用問券調查, 有些使用訪談及各學院所準備的資料, 經統計後衡量方向大致分 2 方面:

z Input – 學生/教職員的素質及教育成效.

z Output - 學生畢業後的起薪及出路

其中針對 Business Graduate School 詳細衡量方式如下:

3 大分類(Category), 8 大指標(Indicator)：

Ranking Category Category Weight

Indicator Indicator Weight

聲望 (Reputation) 使用問券調查收集資料,

(Non-academic Survey)

40% 16%

Ranking Category Category Weight

Indicator Indicator Weight

Weight of Total 平均起薪及紅利(Mean

Starting Salary & Bouns)

40% 14%

剛畢業學生的就業率 (Employment at graduation)

20% 7%

學生就業率及薪資狀況 (Placement success) 那些沒有工作的畢業學生則不列入考慮

35%

畢業 3 個月後的就業率 (Employed 3-months after graduation)

40% 14%

GMAT 平均分數 65% 16.25%

GPA 平均分數 35% 8.75%

學生素質

Student selectivity

25%

申請入學獲准準比例 (Proportion of Applicants Accepted)

5% 1.25%

將每間學院之因子分數乘上權重後的總分給予排序, 再將此總分經由以下公式轉換得到每間大學的最終成績, 在以此最終成績排名:

最終成績= (所得總分)÷(最高總分)

(4) 評鑑結果-美國前 100 大的商學院

底下列出美國前 10 名(詳細分數只列 1,2,3 名):<表 2-3>

前 10 名 (詳細分數只列

School Overall score Peere(5.0 assessmnt score

highest) Recruiter assessment score(5.0highest) Average undergrad GPA Average GMAT score Acceptance rate Average starting salary &

bonus Graduyed at ates emplograduation Employed 3 months after

graduation Out-of-state tutition & fees Total full-time enrollment

1. Harvard University (MA) 100 4.8 4.7 3.60 705 9.7% $109,587 77.7% 88.9% $31,800 1,808

2. Stanford University (CA) 97 4.8 4.4 3.58 716 7.9% $108,840 78.4% 81.7% $33,300 749

University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

97 4.8 4.6 3.49 711 13.1% $107,047 74.0% 89.7% $33,269 1,601

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan)

Northwestern University (Kellogg) (IL)

6. Columbia University (NY) 7. Duke University (Fuqua) (NC)

University of California–Berkeley (Haas)

9. University of Chicago 10. Dartmouth College (Tuck) (NH)

(5) 評論: US News 使用與 Financial Times 不同的觀點來評鑑學院，

Financial Times 著重在學生畢業後的待遇；US News 則偏重於聲望、

學生整體廣泛性的衡量為主。由於 US News 只對美國大學評鑑，故無亞洲大學上榜。

2.4 Wall Street Journal -『Top 50 M.B.A. Programs』

(1) 資料來源:

http://www.collegejournal.com/bschool04/rankingsatglance/top50.html (2) 適用對象：全美國、歐洲商學院。

(3) Methodology：使用 26 個因子(attribute)衡量每所 MBA 的分數，這 26 個因子依『認知調查-由受訪者認定哪些是最重要』的結果列示如下：

Attribute % Very

Important Communication and interpersonal skills 90%

Ability to work well within a team 87 Analytical and problem-solving skills 85 Personal ethics and integrity* 84

Quality of past hires 81

Leadership potential 75

Fit with the corporate culture 74

Strategic thinking 67

Likelihood of recruiting "stars"--that is, graduates who are very likely to be promoted within the company 64 Student "chemistry" - that is the general like or dislike you have of the student overall 49 Willingness of the school's students to relocate to the job

location you require 49

Original and visionary thinking 47 Retention rate of past hires 37 Content of the core curriculum 35 Overall value for the money invested in the recruiting

effort 34

Students' average number of years of work experience 34 General management point-of-view 32 School "chemistry" - that is, the general like or dislike

you have of the school overall 32 Entrepreneurial skills 27 Career-services office at that school 26 Past acceptance rate of job offers from students at this

school 26

Faculty expertise 25

Attribute % Very

Important Strong international perspective 24

Awareness of corporate citizenship issues such as social and environmental responsibility 18 Overall satisfaction with the school in terms of meeting

your M.B.A. recruiting needs N.A.

Likelihood of returning to the school for future recruiting

needs N.A.

(4) 評鑑結果-世界前 50 大的商學院

底下列出全球前 10 名(詳細分數只列 1,2,3 名):<表 2-4>

2003 Rank

2002

Rank College (Business School) 2003 Score

2002 Score 1 5 University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)71.25 69.92 2 1 Dartmouth College (Tuck) 71.00 75.15 3 2 University of Michigan 70.80 71.64 4 4 Northwestern University (Kellogg) 70.47 71.13 5 6 University of Chicago 69.25 68.81 6 3 Carnegie Mellon University 69.16 71.34 7 10 Columbia University 68.64 67.95 8 9 Harvard University 67.54 67.99 9 8 Yale University 66.99 68.49 10 12 University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill (Kenan-Flagler) 66.81 66.83 (5) 評論: Wall Street Journal 著重在學生整體性的表現-溝通表達能力、畢

業後的適應性、待遇、收入、道德,…等。

由於 Wall Street Journal 只評美、歐商學院，故無亞洲商學院列榜。

三、亞洲商學院之排序模式之ㄧ

3.1 簡介

在 Asia Inc 中，將亞洲商學院分成四區，並只提供分區的排名，不提供全亞洲的排名，因此，本研究設計一個排序模式，將加入學術研究表現資料後的商學院做全亞洲的商學院排序。

3.2 資料來源

1.商學院的原始資料

我們參考了 Asia Inc 2005 (page.18 ~ page.25)中所列亞洲商學院的資料，

這些資料中包含四個區域共 34 間商學院，如下所列：

<表 3-1>

East Asia

Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong Faculty of Business and Economics, Univ. of Hong Kong Aetna School of Management, Shanghai JiaoTong University Yonsei School of Business, Yonsei Univ., Seoul, South Korea College of Management, National Chiao Tung University College of Commerce, National Chengchi University

South Asia

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta Faculty of Management Studies, Univ. of Delhi

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan SP Jain Institute of Management & Research Mumbai Amity Business School, New Delhi

Graduate School of Business Administration, Lahore Univ. of Management Science, Pakistan

Southeast Asia

NUS Business School, Singapore

Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) School of Management, Thailand Asian Institute of Management, Philippines

Sasin Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Chulalongkorn Univ., Thailand The Graduate School of Business Administration, NIDA, Thailand

Graduate School of Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Graduate School of Business, Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Malaya Assumption University (MBA) Thailand

Australia / New Zealand

Australian Graduate School of Management, Univ. of NSW Macquarie Graduate School of Management, Macquarie Univ.

Monash Univ. Graduate School of Business

Brisbane Graduate School of Business Queensland, Univ. of Technology Graduate School of Business, Curtin Univ. of Technology

Graduate School of Business, Univ. of Technology, Sydney

Centre for Executive Education, Waikato Management School, New Zealand Adelaide Graduate School of Business, Univ. of Adelaide

Deakin Business School, Deakin Univ.

Victoria Graduate School of Business

評比項目則包括以下十個項目: 2004/05 MBA

Women

Staff with 10yrs' exp(%)

Students faculty ratio

Average class size

2.商學院的學術貢獻程度

本研究所使用的原始資料中,我們除了使用上述 34 間商學院的 10 項評比項目外，再加入一項有關學術研究的評比項目，稱為＂SCI/SSCI 文章數＂。

學術研究能力的強弱與學校的優劣有著很大的相關，因此我們由交通大學圖書館網站所提供的全球論文查詢系統，將每間學校的 SCI/SSCI 文章數找出來，

大部分學院沒有註明學院的文章數目，只提供整個學校的文章總數，因此本研究採用估計的方式，以商學院教師占全校教師的比率乘上文章總數來估計商學院的文章數目，例侞:

以交通大學為例，交通大學教職員總數為 608 人，交通大學管理學院教師總數為 89 人，由於論文資料庫中沒有提供交通大學管理學院的 SCI/SSCI 文章數目資料，只有交通大學總 SCI/SSCI 文章數 1028 篇，因此採取依比例計算學院 SCI/SSCI 文章數的方式，可得到:

交通大學管理學院 SCI/SSCI 文章數＝1028 × ﹙90 ÷ 608﹚＝ 150.64

因此計交通大學管理學院 SCI/SSCI 文章篇數有 150.64 篇。

以下是商學院 SCI/SSCI 文章數估計資料：<表 3-3>

2004 ~ Mar. 2005 (1) Total faculty

(2) Business school faculty

(3) Total journal papers

(4) Business school journal

papers

east asia

Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong

1031 82 1532 122

Faculty of Business and Economics, Univ. of Hong Kong 846 65 2381 183 Aetna School of Management, Shanghai JiaoTong

University 2170 101 1487 69

Yonsei School of Business, Yonsei Univ., Seoul, South Korea

700 46 2338 154

College of Management, National Chiao Tung University 608 90 1028 152

College of Commerce, National Chengchi University 613 135 67 15

south asia

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad 76 4 4

Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore 68 11 11

Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta 60 23 23

Faculty of Management Studies, Univ. of Delhi 435 29 555 37 Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 588 43 246 18 SP Jain Institute of Management & Research Mumbai 35 0 0

Amity Business School, New Delhi 68 1 1

Graduate School of Business Administration, Lahore Univ.

of Management Science, Pakistan

28 16 16

southeast asia

NUS Business School, Singapore 1680 103 2668 164

Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore

3842 108 2167 61

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) School of Management, Thailand

200 40 131 26

Asian Institute of Management, Philippines 24 1 1

Sasin Graduate Institute of Business Administration,

Chulalongkorn Univ., Thailand 355 32 566 51

The Graduate School of Business Administration, NIDA, Thailand

113 23 195 40

Graduate School of Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia 609 36 186 11 International Business School, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia 4000 12 1 0.003

Graduate School of Business, Faculty of Business &

Accountancy, Universiti Malaya

265 22 482 40

Assumption University (MBA) Thailand 25 1 1

aust. New zealand

Australian Graduate School of Management, Univ. of NSW 6518 46 2330 16 Macquarie Graduate School of Management, Macquarie

Univ.

358 40 636 71

Monash Univ. Graduate School of Business 650 50 2055 158

Brisbane Graduate School of Business Queensland, Univ.

of Technology 230 23 575 58

Graduate School of Business, Curtin Univ. of Technology 940 20 470 10 Graduate School of Business, Univ. of Technology, Sydney 2581 79 365 11 Centre for Executive Education, Waikato Management

School, New Zealand 1788 35 318 6

Adelaide Graduate School of Business, Univ. of Adelaide 2000 19 1359 13

Deakin Business School, Deakin Univ. 2348 29 455 6

Victoria Graduate School of Business 2732 55 356 7

*資料來源附錄ㄧ中詳述

因此，亞洲商學院的詳細數據資料可整理如下：

<表 3-4> 評比項目代號代號評比項目全名

在文檔中亞洲商學院之排序與分群 (頁 10-0)

第一章、 緒論

1.2 研究目的

二、世界商學院評比系統回顧

(1)

(2)

(3)

前 10 名 (詳細分數只列

三、亞洲商學院之排序模式之ㄧ

3.1 簡介

3.2 資料來源

East Asia

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Australia / New Zealand

第一章、緒論