• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第三節 研究限制與未來建議

(⼀) 研究限制 - 樣本年齡層的分佈

本研究由於樣本取⾃於研究⽣周遭的⽣活圈,因此其中的 202 份樣本多為⼤

台北地區的⼤學⽣以及剛畢業的社會新鮮⼈族群,屬於研究⽣本⼈的同溫層。因 此無法全⾯性反應與⽐較出不同年齡層對於 YouTuber 影⽚錯置的感受,並且若 是在年紀更⾼的上班族群或是年紀較低的國⾼中⽣族群,觀眾在對於 YouTuber 錯置影⽚的感受上即可能會有不⼀樣的結果發⽣。

(⼆) 研究限制 – 錯置影⽚選擇

本研究的實驗影⽚是根據⼦研究⼀質性訪談的結論所歸納出來,其中我們選 擇了多數⼈認為影⽚出現髒話、嘲諷以及極端⾔論時,即會被觀眾認為是不合適 宜的,因此選擇了⿈⼤謙的回覆酸民留⾔作為錯置影⽚。然⽽在 YouTube 平台 上,不同類型的 YouTuber 及影⽚數量眾多,因此本研究所舉⿈⼤謙的影⽚即為 其中⼀種類型的錯置影⽚,它並不能代表其他類型的錯置影⽚都是會有這樣的效 果的,諸如反⾻男孩的腥羶⾊以及⼩⽟的浪費社會資源對於觀眾的感受即可能會 有不⼀樣的結果。

(三) 研究建議 – 未來發展⽅向

根據本研究所得出的結論,顯⽰平均⽽⾔ YouTuber 錯置影⽚是會帶給觀眾 正向以及負向兩種不同的效果,以此結論作為基礎,建議未來在研究發展上可以 將觀眾分眾的概念去做延伸與探討,分析不同年齡層、⼈格特質以及觀眾偏好會 對錯置有什麼不同感受,並且在錯置正向與負向效果的相互拉扯下,區分出什麼 樣的觀眾是負向效果較強,甚⾄是沒有正向效果 ; 以及對於什麼樣的觀眾是正 向效果較強,甚⾄是沒有負向效果的。並且將這個結果應⽤於⾏銷領域的業配產 品選擇或是消費者購買意圖上。

附錄

附錄⼆:⼦研究三問卷

第⼆部分

第五部分

參考⽂獻

林安儒 (2019)。在現代,每個⼈都有聞名於世 15 分鐘的機會!若想提⾼你的知名度,

可以從「這裡」下⼿。檢⾃https://reurl.cc/LEv4X (Feb. 03, 2019)

志祺七七 (2019)。「反⾻男孩」教壞⼩孩?要求 YouTuber 負起社會責任,究竟合不合 理。檢⾃https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d23uVqGgzQc&t (Apr. 26, 2019)

Altman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of

interpersonal relationships. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Appel, M. (2008). Fictional narratives cultivate just-world beliefs. Journal of

communication, 58(1), 62-83.

Austin, E. W., Roberts, D. F., & Nass, C. I. (1990). Influences of family communication on children's television-interpretation processes. Communication research,

17(4), 545-564.

Bartsch, A. (2012). Emotional gratification in entertainment experience. Why viewers of movies and television series find it rewarding to experience emotions. Media

Psychology, 15(3), 267-302.

Brauer, M., & Chekroun, P. (2005). The relationship between perceived violation of social norms and social control: Situational factors influencing the reaction to deviance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(7), 1519-1539.

Bruhn, M., Schoenmüller, V., Schäfer, D., & Heinrich, D. (2012). Brand authenticity:

Towards a deeper understanding of its conceptualization and measurement.

Advances in Consumer Research, 40, 567-576.

Busselle, R., & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring narrative engagement. Media

Psychology, 12(4), 321-347.

Chekroun, P., & Brauer, M. (2002). The bystander effect and social control behavior:

The effect of the presence of others on people's reactions to norm violations.

European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(6), 853-867.

Cresswell, T. (2002). Cresswell, T. (2002). Introduction: theorizing place.

In Mobilizing place, placing mobility (pp. 11-31). Brill Rodopi.

Cresswell, T. (2014). Place: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons.

Cvijikj, I. P., & Michahelles, F. (2013). Online engagement factors on Facebook brand pages. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 3(4), 843-861.

Elsbach, K. D., & Bhattacharya, C. (2001). Defining who you are by what you're not:

Organizational disidentification and the National Rifle Association.

Organization Science, 12(4), 393-413.

Fiore, A. M., Jin, H. J., & Kim, J. (2005). For fun and profit: Hedonic value from image interactivity and responses toward an online store. Psychology & Marketing,

22(8), 669-694.

Fred, S. (2015). Examining Endorsement and Viewership Effects on the Source Credibility of YouTubers. University of South Florida.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.

Goffman, E. (1959). The moral career of the mental patient. Psychiatry, 22(2), 123-142.

Hall, A. (2003). Reading realism: Audiences' evaluations of the reality of media texts.

Journal of communication, 53(4), 624-641.

Horton, D., & Richard Wohl, R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215-229.

Horton, D., & Strauss, A. (1957). Interaction in audience-participation shows.

American Journal of Sociology, 62(6), 579-587.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.

Jerslev, A. (2016). Media Times| In The Time of the Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10(19), 5233-5251.

Josiassen, A. (2011). Consumer disidentification and its effects on domestic product purchases: An empirical investigation in the Netherlands. Journal of Marketing,

75(2), 124-140.

Khan, M. L. (2017). Social media engagement: What motivates user participation and consumption on YouTube? Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 236-247.

Kreiner, G. E., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Evidence toward an expanded model of organiza- tional identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(1), 1–27.

Maslow, A. H. (1954). The instinctoid nature of basic needs. Journal of Personality,

22(3), 326-347.

McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of community psychology, 14(1), 6-23.

Oliver, M. B., & Bartsch, A. (2010). Appreciation as audience response: Exploring entertainment gratifications beyond hedonism. Human Communication

Research, 36(1), 53-81.

Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Applied

Social Psychology, 46(1), 80-97.

Reinecke, L., & Trepte, S. (2008). In a working mood? The effects of mood management processes on subsequent cognitive performance. Journal of Media

Psychology, 20(1), 3-14.

Rubin, A. M., Perse, E. M., & Powell, R. A. (1985). Loneliness, parasocial interaction, and local television news viewing. Human Communication Research, 12(2), 155-180.

Rubin, R. B., & McHugh, M. P. (1987). Development of parasocial interaction relationships. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31(3), 279-292.

Sherif, M. (1936). The psychology of social norms. New York: Harper and Row.

Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information,

13(2), 65-93.

Tarnovskaya, V. (2017). Reinventing personal branding building a personal brand through content on YouTube. Journal of International Business Research and

Marketing, 3(1), 29-35.

Thompson, C. J., Rindfleisch, A., & Arsel, Z. (2006). Emotional branding and the strategic value of the Doppelgã¤nger brand image. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 50–64.

Wolter, J. S., Brach, S., Cronin Jr, J. J., & Bonn, M. (2016). Symbolic drivers of consumer–brand identification and disidentification. Journal of Business

Research, 69(2), 785-793.

相關文件