• 沒有找到結果。

本研究經由對無名洞的石筍(S1S)進行定年以及穩定同位素分析的工作,

得到以下數點結論:

1. 一般目前石筍的定年方式主要是利用鈾釷定年法,但 S1S 由於鈾含量太少 以及初始釷含量過高的條件下,鈾釷定年所得出的年代結果誤差過大,因此 不能予以採用。

2. S1S 頂部 7.5mm 經由210Pb 定年所表現的衰變趨勢可以告知 S1S 的頂部為近 150 年以內的沉積物,搭配現地觀察以及 AMS 14C 定年的 S1S-0 顯示核爆碳 的信號,這三點確定在採樣(AD 2017)時 S1S 還正在生長以此獲得一個年 代的基準點。

3. S1S 的紋理、顏色以及生長軸變化很小,而且經由觀察深度對 12 個碳十四 定年結果的14C age 關係圖可知該線性方程式具有極高的相關性(R2=0.983), 代表 S1S 的碳酸鈣沉積速率變化不大(大約是 0.0345 mm/a),並以此速率 做為回推整根石筍年代序列的依據。

4. S1S 的 δ18O 變化指示中國東北地區的降雨量變化,而且與太陽總輻照度

(TSI)、韓國乾指數、中國北方乾濕指數以及北京石花洞石筍的 δ18O 紀錄 皆能有良好的對比。在近1500 年以來,S1S 的 δ18O 在 AD 820〜920、1040

〜1120、1280〜1350、1450〜1570、1900〜現在這幾個時期普遍偏重,或可 代表當時中國東北地區氣候較乾燥。同時也指出當TSI 較低時,東亞夏季風 強度減弱,導致中國北方或韓國等地能獲得從西太平洋的水氣量減少,在同

(Suess cycle),功率譜分析的結果再次證明 S1S 的石筍紀錄足以反映太陽 活動以及中國降水變化的週期性。

6. 中國各地的石筍紀錄在近1500 年來,氣候變化趨勢大致可分為:乾→濕→

乾→濕→乾的循環變化,但是各地區氣候轉折的時間點並不一致,彼此可能 存在百年左右的差異,而五個洞穴石筍的紀錄亦指示在MWP 或 LIA 當中還 是有 δ18O 變重和變輕的趨勢,氣候並非是完全偏乾或偏濕的情形,所以中 國各地的氣候不應只單純利用MWP 和 LIA 兩個時間段作概括討論,應該更 詳細討論這兩個時期當中的變化,做更高解析度的古氣候重建。

7. S1S 的 δ13C 變化足以反映當地植被密度或種類(C3/C4 比)的改變,隱含了 植物有效吸水量的資訊:當氣候較冷時,植物較不易行蒸散作用,水分能夠 有效保存在植物體內,而且長白山地區的植被經他人研究也指出為喜濕冷性,

因此當地氣候乾熱時(如中世紀暖期),植被發育稀疏且C3/C4 植物比下降,

兩個因素皆導致S1S 的 δ13C 偏重,反之亦然。值得注意的是,降雨量相對 於溫度在控制當地植被上較具主導地位。

參考文獻

英文文獻:

Baker, A., Ito, E., Smart, P. L., & McEwan, R. (1997). Elevated 13C in speleothem and implications for palaeovegetation studies. Chem. Geol, 136, 263-270.

Blaauw, M., & Christen, J. A. (2011). Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process. Bayesian analysis, 6(3), 457-474.

Braun, H., Christl, M., Rahmstorf, S., Ganopolski, A., Mangini, A., Kubatzki, C., ... &

Kromer, B. (2005). Possible solar origin of the 1,470-year glacial climate cycle demonstrated in a coupled model. Nature, 438(7065), 208.

Christiansen, B., & Charpentier Ljungqvist, F. (2012). The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia : reconstructions of low-frequency variability. Climate of the Past, 8(2), 765-786.

Dansgaard, W. (1953). The abundance of O18 in atmospheric water and water vapour. Tellus, 5(4), 461-469.

Dansgaard, W. (1964). Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 16(4), 436-468.

Dansgaard, W., & Johnsen, S. J. (1973). CLAUSEN, HB, GUNDESTRUP, N. HAMMER, CU, JOHNSEN, S. F., KRISTINSDO~ IR, PM & REEH, (1982), 1273-1277.

Dorale, J. A., & Liu, Z. (2009). Limitations of Hendy test criteria in judging the

paleoclimatic suitability of speleothems and the need for replication. Journal of

carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 64(11), 1315-1326.

Fairchild, I. J., Smith, C. L., Baker, A., Fuller, L., Spötl, C., Mattey, D., & McDermott, F. ( 2006 ) . Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems. Earth-Science Reviews, 75(1-4), 105-153.

Fan, Q. C., Sui, J. L., Wang, T. H., Li, N., & Sun, Q. (2007). History of volcanic activity, magma evolution and eruptive mechanisms of the Changbai volcanic province. Geological Journal of China Universities, 13(2), 175-190.

Friedman, I. ( 1977 ) . Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. Data of geochemistry, KK1-KK12.

Genty, D., Baker, A., Massault, M., Proctor, C., Gilmour, M., Pons-Branchu, E., &

Hamelin, B. ( 2001 ) . Dead carbon in stalagmites : carbonate bedrock paleodissolution vs. ageing of soil organic matter. Implications for 13C variations in speleothems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(20), 3443-3457.

Hendy, C. H. (1971). The isotopic geochemistry of speleothems—I. The calculation of the effects of different modes of formation on the isotopic composition of speleothems and their applicability as palaeoclimatic indicators. Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta, 35(8), 801-824.

Hendy, C. H., & Wilson, A. T. ( 1968 ) . Palaeoclimatic data from

speleothems. Nature, 219(5149), 48.

Jackson, R. D., Idso, S. B., Reginato, R. J., & Pinter, P. J. (1981). Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water resources research, 17(4), 1133-1138.

Kim, G., & Choi, I. S. (1987). A preliminary study on long-term variation of unusual climate phenomena during the past 1000 years in Korea. The Climate of China and Global Climate, 30-37.

Koerner, R., & Russell, R. D. (1979). δ18O variations in snow on the Devon Island ice cap, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16

(7), 1419-1427.

LeGrande, A. N., & Schmidt, G. A. (2006). Global gridded data set of the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater. Geophysical research letters, 33(12).

Li, H. C., Zhao, M., Tsai, C. H., Mii, H. S., Chang, Q., & Wei, K. Y. (2015). The first high-resolution stalagmite record from Taiwan: Climate and environmental changes during the past 1300 years. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 114, 574-587.

Li, J. Y., Li, H. C., Li, T. Y., Mii, H. S., Yu, T. L., Shen, C. C., & Xu, X. (2017).

High-resolution δ18O and δ13C records of an AMS 14C and 230Th/U dated stalagmite from Xinya Cave in Chongqing: Climate and vegetation change during the late Holocene. Quaternary International, 447, 75-88.

Li, J., Dodson, J., Yan, H., Zhang, D. D., Zhang, X., Xu, Q., ... & Ni, J. (2017).

Quantifying climatic variability in monsoonal northern China over the last 2200

Ljungqvist, F. C. (2010). A new reconstruction of temperature variability in the extra‐tropical Northern Hemisphere during the last two millennia. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 92(3), 339-351

Machida, H. (1981). Two Korean tephras, Holocene markers in the Sea of Japan and the Japan Islands. Kagaku, 51, 562-569.

Machida, H., & Arai, F. (1983). Extensive ash falls in and around the Sea of Japan from large late Quaternary eruptions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 18(1-4), 151-164.

Murakami, Y., Tsuyama, M., Kobayashi, Y., Kodama, H., & Iba, K. (2000). Trienoic fatty acids and plant tolerance of high temperature. Science, 287(5452), 476-479.

Oldfield, F., & Appleby, P. G. (1984). Empirical testing of 210 Pb-dating models for lake sediments. In Lake sediments and environmental history.

Paulsen, D. E., Li, H. C., & Ku, T. L. (2003). Climate variability in central China over the last 1270 years revealed by high-resolution stalagmite records. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22(5-7), 691-701.

Petit, J. R., White, J. W. C., Young, N. W., Jouzel, J., & Korotkevich, Y. S. (1991).

Deuterium excess in recent Antarctic snow. Journal of Geophysical Research:

Atmospheres, 96(D3), 5113-5122.

Rozanski, K., Araguás‐Araguás, L., & Gonfiantini, R. (1993). Isotopic patterns in

modern global precipitation. Climate change in continental isotopic records, 78,

plants. Plant physiology, 47(3), 380-384.

Suess, H. E. (1980). The radiocarbon record in tree rings of the last 8000 years. Radiocarbon, 22(2), 200-209.

Turner, J. V. (1982). Kinetic fractionation of carbon-13 during calcium carbonate precipitation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46(7), 1183-1191.

Vieira, L. E. A., Solanki, S. K., Krivova, N. A., & Usoskin, I. (2011). Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 531, A6.

Wan, N. J., Li, H. C., Liu, Z. Q., Yang, H. Y., Yuan, D. X., & Chen, Y. H. (2011).

Spatial variations of monsoonal rain in eastern China: Instrumental, historic and speleothem records. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(6), 1139-1150.

Wang, B. (2002). Rainy season of the Asian–Pacific summer monsoon. Journal of Climate, 15(4), 386-398.

Wang, Y. J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., An, Z. S., Wu, J. Y., Shen, C. C., & Dorale, J.

A. (2001). A high-resolution absolute-dated late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China. science, 294(5550), 2345-2348.

Wang, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., He, Y., Kong, X., An, Z., ... & Li, X. (2005).

The Holocene Asian monsoon: links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate. Science, 308(5723), 854-857.

Weninger, B., & Jöris, O. (2008). A 14C age calibration curve for the last 60 ka: the

Greenland-Hulu U/Th timescale and its impact on understanding the Middle to

precision. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 259(1), 320-329.

Xuemei, S., & Xiangding, W. (1997). Reconstruction of climate change on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China using tree-ring data [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1.

Zhang, P., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Chen, F., Wang, Y., Yang, X., ... & An, C.

(2008). A test of climate, sun, and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record. science, 322(5903), 940-942.

Zheng, J., Wang, W. C., Ge, Q., Man, Z., & Zhang, P. (2006). Precipitation variability and extreme events in eastern China during the past 1500 years. TAO:

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 17(3), 579.

Zheng, Z., Wei, J., Huang, K., Xu, Q., Lu, H., Tarasov, P., ... & Zheng, Y. (2014).

East Asian pollen database: modern pollen distribution and its quantitative relationship with vegetation and climate. Journal of biogeography, 41(10), 1819-1832.

Zimmermann, U., Ehhalt, D., & Münnich, K. O. (1967). Soil-water movement and evapotranspiration: changes in the isotopic composition of the water. In Isotopes in hydrology. Proceedings of a symposium.

中文文獻:

王松娜, 王旭龍, & 康樹剛. (2017). 中國東北末次冰期松原黃土的釋光測年及其 古氣候意義初探. 地球環境學報, 8(5), 397-406.

送年代際變化特徵及其影響機制. 大氣科學, 40(5), 933-945.

程肖俠, & 延曉冬.(2008). 氣候變化對中國東北主要森林類型的影響. 生態學 報, 28(2).

程勝高, 肖河, 黄庭, 周瑩, 胡忠霞, & 劉曉彤. (2014). 東北哈尼泥炭腐殖化度 古氣候意義及區域對比. 地球科學與環境學報, 36(2), 92-102.

裘善文, 姜鵬, 李風華, 夏玉梅, 王曼華, & 汪佩芳. (1981). 中國東北晚冰期以 來自然環境演變的初步探討. 地理學報, (3), 315-327.

齊麟, 代力民, 於大砲, 周莉, 趙福安, & 李憲洲.(2009). 採伐對長白山闊葉紅 松林喬木競爭關係的影響. 安徽農業科學, 37(27), 13317-13321.

劉若新, 魏海泉, 湯吉, 宋聖榮, 李曉東, 楊清福, ... & 王繼軍.(1996). 長白山 天池火山研究進展.

劉敏, 毛子軍, 厲悅 & 夏志宇. (2018). 不同徑級紅松徑向生長對氣候變化的 影響. 應用生態學報, 29(11), 3530-3540.

衛克勤

& 林瑞芬. (1995). 內陸封閉湖泊自生碳酸鹽氧同位素剖面的古氣候 意義. 博士論文

韓春風, 劉健 & 王志遠. (2016). 過去 2000 年亞洲夏季風降水百年尺度變化 及其區域差異的模擬分析. 第四紀研究, 36(3), 732-746.

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 1-100

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error

S1S-1 0.10 -5.722 0.003 -8.718 0.007 S1S-51 5.20 -6.897 0.007 -9.1 0.006

S1S-2 0.20 -5.393 0.004 -8.591 0.009 S1S-52 5.31 -6.927 0.005 -9.121 0.006

S1S-3 0.30 -5.23 0.005 -8.647 0.007 S1S-53 5.41 -6.91 0.004 -9.156 0.01

S1S-4 0.40 -5.018 0.003 -8.64 0.006 S1S-54 5.51 -6.96 0.006 -9.249 0.007

S1S-5 0.50 -5.841 0.006 -8.583 0.007 S1S-55 5.61 -6.972 0.004 -9.267 0.004

S1S-6 0.60 -5.612 0.002 -8.848 0.005 S1S-56 5.71 -6.986 0.004 -9.321 0.008

S1S-7 0.70 -5.589 0.003 -8.49 0.003 S1S-57 5.82 -7.032 0.007 -9.375 0.008

S1S-8 0.80 -5.418 0.006 -8.613 0.005 S1S-58 5.92 -6.988 0.01 -9.374 0.013

S1S-9 0.90 -5.403 0.002 -8.482 0.006 S1S-59 6.02 -7.071 0.005 -9.45 0.007

S1S-10 1.00 -5.735 0.003 -8.518 0.003 S1S-60 6.12 -7.013 0.005 -9.415 0.008 S1S-11 1.10 -6.298 0.007 -8.289 0.013 S1S-61 6.22 -7.081 0.005 -9.439 0.003 S1S-12 1.21 -5.196 0.007 -8.635 0.009 S1S-62 6.33 -7.045 0.005 -9.385 0.005 S1S-13 1.31 -6.168 0.003 -8.868 0.005 S1S-63 6.43 -7.098 0.007 -9.473 0.008 S1S-14 1.41 -6.308 0.004 -9.081 0.004 S1S-64 6.53 -7.057 0.008 -9.376 0.014

S1S-15 1.51 -6.564 0.006 -9.09 0.009 S1S-65 6.63 -7.177 0.006 -9.582 0.006

S1S-16 1.62 -6.435 0.005 -9.08 0.003 S1S-66 6.73 -7.032 0.006 -9.378 0.007

S1S-17 1.72 -6.604 0.007 -9.158 0.007 S1S-67 6.84 -7.051 0.004 -9.367 0.006 S1S-18 1.82 -6.556 0.003 -9.098 0.007 S1S-68 6.94 -7.011 0.007 -9.367 0.009 S1S-19 1.92 -6.576 0.004 -9.098 0.004 S1S-69 7.04 -7.014 0.003 -9.302 0.009 S1S-20 2.03 -6.508 0.001 -9.077 0.007 S1S-70 7.14 -6.897 0.004 -9.182 0.005 S1S-21 2.13 -6.736 0.004 -9.166 0.003 S1S-71 7.24 -6.889 0.007 -9.218 0.007 S1S-22 2.23 -6.828 0.007 -9.138 0.015 S1S-72 7.35 -6.828 0.006 -9.164 0.004

S1S-23 2.33 -6.909 0.004 -9.19 0.004 S1S-73 7.45 -6.777 0.004 -9.101 0.009

S1S-24 2.44 -6.878 0.003 -9.14 0.005 S1S-74 7.55 -6.852 0.003 -9.088 0.005

S1S-25 2.54 -6.869 0.002 -9.132 0.006 S1S-75 7.65 -6.733 0.004 -9.061 0.005 S1S-26 2.64 -6.972 0.003 -9.177 0.007 S1S-76 7.76 -6.828 0.003 -8.996 0.005 S1S-27 2.74 -7.011 0.006 -9.157 0.004 S1S-77 7.86 -6.883 0.008 -9.045 0.009

S1S-28 2.85 -7.056 0.004 -9.159 0.006 S1S-78 7.96 -6.93 0.006 -8.993 0.01

S1S-29 2.95 -7.035 0.005 -9.154 0.005 S1S-79 8.06 -6.921 0.004 -8.952 0.003 S1S-30 3.05 -7.056 0.006 -9.139 0.007 S1S-80 8.16 -6.922 0.004 -8.994 0.014 S1S-31 3.15 -7.101 0.005 -9.104 0.004 S1S-81 8.27 -6.963 0.007 -8.931 0.005 S1S-32 3.26 -7.034 0.006 -9.112 0.006 S1S-82 8.37 -6.971 0.005 -8.946 0.005

S1S-33 3.36 -7.039 0.004 -9.073 0.005 S1S-83 8.47 -6.942 0.004 -8.95 0.006

S1S-34 3.46 -7.087 0.003 -9.083 0.006 S1S-84 8.57 -6.856 0.003 -9.005 0.007 S1S-35 3.56 -7.022 0.008 -9.032 0.006 S1S-85 8.67 -6.969 0.009 -8.994 0.006

S1S-36 3.67 -6.968 0.007 -9.005 0.003 S1S-86 8.78 -6.9 0.005 -8.971 0.012

S1S-37 3.77 -6.963 0.005 -9.002 0.005 S1S-87 8.88 -6.832 0.006 -9.065 0.004 S1S-38 3.87 -6.938 0.005 -8.983 0.006 S1S-88 8.98 -6.798 0.005 -9.187 0.005

S1S-39 3.97 -6.951 0.005 -9.02 0.006 S1S-89 9.08 -6.736 0.008 -9.25 0.008

S1S-40 4.08 -6.885 0.009 -8.91 0.006 S1S-90 9.18 -6.706 0.006 -9.34 0.008

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 101-200

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error

S1S-101 10.30 -6.734 0.004 -9.561 0.008 S1S-151 15.31 -7.967 0.006 -9.351 0.015

S1S-102 10.40 -6.773 0.004 -9.648 0.009 S1S-152 15.41 -7.948 0.003 -9.311 0.009

S1S-103 10.50 -6.83 0.004 -9.632 0.004 S1S-153 15.51 -7.858 0.003 -9.281 0.007

S1S-104 10.60 -6.822 0.005 -9.587 0.008 S1S-154 15.61 -7.773 0.004 -9.107 0.005

S1S-105 10.70 -6.865 0.005 -9.593 0.008 S1S-155 15.71 -7.695 0.004 -9.117 0.006

S1S-106 10.80 -6.916 0.004 -9.633 0.005 S1S-156 15.82 -7.731 0.005 -9.186 0.007

S1S-107 10.90 -6.922 0.004 -9.585 0.003 S1S-157 15.92 -7.672 0.005 -9.164 0.01

S1S-108 11.00 -6.925 0.005 -9.561 0.007 S1S-158 16.02 -7.529 0.003 -9.151 0.008

S1S-109 11.10 -6.962 0.01 -9.669 0.011 S1S-159 16.12 -7.539 0.004 -9.185 0.008

S1S-110 11.20 -6.874 0.008 -9.468 0.004 S1S-160 16.22 -7.495 0.004 -9.101 0.005

S1S-111 11.30 -6.915 0.006 -9.518 0.007 S1S-161 16.33 -7.424 0.005 -9.151 0.006

S1S-112 11.40 -6.95 0.005 -9.517 0.009 S1S-162 16.43 -7.472 0.006 -9.181 0.008

S1S-113 11.50 -6.925 0.009 -9.529 0.011 S1S-163 16.53 -7.34 0.004 -9.094 0.003

S1S-114 11.60 -7.02 0.004 -9.459 0.022 S1S-164 16.63 -7.328 0.005 -9.074 0.005

S1S-115 11.70 -6.969 0.007 -9.431 0.014 S1S-165 16.73 -7.345 0.004 -9.14 0.004

S1S-116 11.80 -6.936 0.004 -9.496 0.006 S1S-166 16.84 -7.302 0.004 -9.079 0.003

S1S-117 11.90 -6.977 0.007 -9.537 0.009 S1S-167 16.94 -7.433 0.002 -9.169 0.003

S1S-118 12.00 -6.97 0.008 -9.583 0.01 S1S-168 17.04 -7.401 0.004 -9.115 0.005

S1S-119 12.10 -6.897 0.006 -9.494 0.006 S1S-169 17.14 -7.405 0.008 -8.971 0.005

S1S-120 12.20 -6.938 0.007 -9.492 0.009 S1S-170 17.24 -7.465 0.003 -9.016 0.008

S1S-121 12.30 -6.916 0.008 -9.513 0.004 S1S-171 17.35 -7.461 0.006 -8.97 0.003

S1S-122 12.40 -6.953 0.006 -9.468 0.016 S1S-172 17.45 -7.512 0.005 -8.964 0.004

S1S-123 12.50 -6.971 0.004 -9.496 0.004 S1S-173 17.55 -7.511 0.008 -8.99 0.004

S1S-124 12.60 -7.065 0.006 -9.616 0.008 S1S-174 17.65 -7.563 0.004 -9.021 0.008

S1S-125 12.70 -7.066 0.002 -9.604 0.008 S1S-175 17.76 -7.617 0.003 -9.037 0.004

S1S-126 12.80 -7.134 0.005 -9.643 0.006 S1S-176 17.86 -7.696 0.003 -9.025 0.006

S1S-127 12.90 -7.178 0.005 -9.678 0.009 S1S-177 17.96 -7.626 0.005 -8.991 0.013

S1S-128 13.00 -7.224 0.002 -9.719 0.004 S1S-178 18.06 -7.634 0.004 -8.936 0.007

S1S-129 13.10 -7.256 0.005 -9.642 0.004 S1S-179 18.16 -7.631 0.006 -8.942 0.007

S1S-130 13.20 -7.348 0.004 -9.67 0.007 S1S-180 18.27 -7.461 0.003 -8.869 0.005

S1S-131 13.30 -7.312 0.006 -9.693 0.008 S1S-181 18.37 -7.56 0.006 -8.938 0.006

S1S-132 13.40 -7.49 0.005 -9.666 0.006 S1S-182 18.47 -7.4 0.003 -8.94 0.004

S1S-133 13.50 -7.494 0.004 -9.644 0.01 S1S-183 18.57 -7.419 0.004 -8.931 0.006

S1S-134 13.60 -7.589 0.003 -9.787 0.013 S1S-184 18.67 -7.449 0.003 -8.987 0.005

S1S-135 13.70 -7.57 0.003 -9.611 0.003 S1S-185 18.78 -7.348 0.005 -9.004 0.003

S1S-136 13.80 -7.63 0.003 -9.645 0.007 S1S-186 18.88 -7.408 0.003 -9.099 0.01

S1S-137 13.90 -7.695 0.004 -9.548 0.004 S1S-187 18.98 -7.316 0.007 -9.113 0.008

S1S-138 14.00 -7.722 0.004 -9.547 0.004 S1S-188 19.08 -7.216 0.004 -9.135 0.007

S1S-139 14.10 -7.813 0.005 -9.513 0.009 S1S-189 19.18 -7.353 0.005 -9.109 0.007

S1S-140 14.20 -7.779 0.005 -9.427 0.005 S1S-190 19.29 -7.297 0.003 -9.124 0.005

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 201-300

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error S1S-201 20.39 -7.511 0.003 -9.294 0.007 S1S-251 25.30 -7.244 0.005 -9.212 0.007 S1S-202 20.49 -7.516 0.004 -9.235 0.009 S1S-252 25.40 -7.317 0.003 -9.311 0.006 S1S-203 20.59 -7.579 0.003 -9.421 0.007 S1S-253 25.50 -7.354 0.003 -9.383 0.008 S1S-204 20.69 -7.674 0.006 -9.491 0.013 S1S-254 25.60 -7.315 0.005 -9.51 0.008 S1S-205 20.78 -7.588 0.004 -9.276 0.006 S1S-255 25.70 -7.402 0.003 -9.457 0.007 S1S-206 20.88 -7.51 0.005 -9.195 0.004 S1S-256 25.80 -7.647 0.005 -9.69 0.004 S1S-207 20.98 -7.577 0.005 -9.253 0.005 S1S-257 25.90 -7.687 0.007 -9.848 0.008 S1S-208 21.08 -7.559 0.005 -9.23 0.006 S1S-258 26.00 -7.585 0.002 -9.706 0.006 S1S-209 21.18 -7.567 0.005 -9.19 0.008 S1S-259 26.10 -7.543 0.003 -9.642 0.005 S1S-210 21.27 -7.633 0.004 -9.25 0.008 S1S-260 26.20 -7.373 0.003 -9.304 0.005 S1S-211 21.37 -7.684 0.003 -9.263 0.004 S1S-261 26.30 -7.578 0.002 -9.353 0.005 S1S-212 21.47 -7.745 0.004 -9.292 0.01 S1S-262 26.40 -7.721 0.002 -9.372 0.007 S1S-213 21.57 -7.661 0.009 -9.284 0.009 S1S-263 26.50 -7.556 0.006 -9.209 0.011 S1S-214 21.67 -7.73 0.007 -9.29 0.004 S1S-264 26.60 -7.505 0.003 -9.176 0.005 S1S-215 21.76 -7.762 0.006 -9.31 0.006 S1S-265 26.70 -7.532 0.003 -9.244 0.005 S1S-216 21.86 -7.863 0.006 -9.347 0.005 S1S-266 26.80 -7.594 0.002 -9.179 0.008 S1S-217 21.96 -8.007 0.004 -9.614 0.003 S1S-267 26.90 -7.535 0.003 -9.343 0.007 S1S-218 22.06 -7.955 0.004 -9.427 0.005 S1S-268 27.00 -7.642 0.003 -9.272 0.009 S1S-219 22.16 -7.94 0.004 -9.384 0.006 S1S-269 27.10 -7.659 0.006 -9.248 0.014 S1S-220 22.25 -7.978 0.005 -9.485 0.008 S1S-270 27.20 -7.481 0.003 -9.576 0.004 S1S-221 22.35 -7.967 0.003 -9.431 0.006 S1S-271 27.30 -7.095 0.002 -9.276 0.007 S1S-222 22.45 -8.011 0.002 -9.629 0.007 S1S-272 27.40 -7.151 0.004 -9.254 0.006 S1S-223 22.55 -7.977 0.007 -9.426 0.008 S1S-273 27.50 -7.296 0.006 -9.483 0.008 S1S-224 22.65 -7.825 0.004 -9.294 0.007 S1S-274 27.60 -7.32 0.005 -9.413 0.004 S1S-225 22.75 -7.766 0.003 -9.326 0.008 S1S-275 27.70 -7.342 0.001 -9.517 0.006 S1S-226 22.84 -7.816 0.008 -9.36 0.01 S1S-276 27.80 -7.184 0.003 -9.328 0.007 S1S-227 22.94 -7.738 0.002 -9.288 0.006 S1S-277 27.90 -7.208 0.002 -9.39 0.009 S1S-228 23.04 -7.814 0.006 -9.343 0.004 S1S-278 28.00 -7.355 0.001 -9.634 0.006 S1S-229 23.14 -7.704 0.002 -9.268 0.006 S1S-279 28.11 -7.328 0.004 -9.463 0.008 S1S-230 23.24 -7.502 0.003 -9.124 0.005 S1S-280 28.21 -7.148 0.001 -9.346 0.004 S1S-231 23.33 -7.571 0.004 -9.232 0.006 S1S-281 28.32 -7.151 0.003 -9.504 0.011 S1S-232 23.43 -7.435 0.004 -9.193 0.006 S1S-282 28.42 -7.187 0.001 -9.602 0.009 S1S-233 23.53 -7.519 0.003 -9.206 0.009 S1S-283 28.53 -6.998 0.004 -9.367 0.01 S1S-234 23.63 -7.222 0.002 -9.116 0.007 S1S-284 28.63 -6.925 0.009 -9.381 0.016 S1S-235 23.73 -7.281 0.002 -9.118 0.004 S1S-285 28.74 -6.947 0.004 -9.354 0.01 S1S-236 23.82 -7.193 0.003 -9.098 0.006 S1S-286 28.84 -6.815 0.002 -9.348 0.004 S1S-237 23.92 -7.115 0.003 -9.03 0.005 S1S-287 28.95 -6.751 0.005 -9.329 0.007 S1S-238 24.02 -7.265 0.004 -9.138 0.005 S1S-288 29.05 -6.701 0.003 -9.169 0.005 S1S-239 24.12 -7.037 0.003 -9.022 0.005 S1S-289 29.16 -6.601 0.003 -9.344 0.005 S1S-240 24.22 -6.945 0.005 -8.981 0.009 S1S-290 29.26 -6.619 0.002 -9.341 0.01

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 301-400

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error S1S-301 30.41 -6.531 0.003 -9.223 0.006 S1S-351 35.52 -6.602 0.006 -9.285 0.008 S1S-302 30.51 -6.54 0.003 -9.168 0.007 S1S-352 35.63 -6.577 0.004 -9.262 0.004 S1S-303 30.61 -6.541 0.005 -9.128 0.006 S1S-353 35.73 -6.58 0.005 -9.226 0.005 S1S-304 30.71 -6.468 0.003 -9.159 0.005 S1S-354 35.83 -6.601 0.004 -9.324 0.005 S1S-305 30.82 -6.433 0.005 -9.094 0.009 S1S-355 35.94 -6.742 0.003 -9.415 0.005 S1S-306 30.92 -6.519 0.005 -9.201 0.008 S1S-356 36.04 -6.685 0.004 -9.337 0.005 S1S-307 31.02 -6.59 0.002 -9.186 0.006 S1S-357 36.15 -6.745 0.005 -9.401 0.003 S1S-308 31.12 -6.502 0.004 -9.137 0.007 S1S-358 36.25 -6.768 0.002 -9.393 0.009 S1S-309 31.22 -6.502 0.001 -9.02 0.003 S1S-359 36.35 -6.807 0.005 -9.398 0.009 S1S-310 31.33 -6.576 0.004 -9.124 0.007 S1S-360 36.46 -6.862 0.009 -9.447 0.02 S1S-311 31.43 -6.552 0.003 -9.083 0.01 S1S-361 36.56 -6.931 0.002 -9.356 0.004 S1S-312 31.53 -6.78 0.004 -9.168 0.008 S1S-362 36.67 -6.919 0.005 -9.359 0.003 S1S-313 31.63 -6.739 0.003 -9.168 0.005 S1S-363 36.77 -6.99 0.003 -9.286 0.005 S1S-314 31.73 -6.767 0.006 -9.366 0.006 S1S-364 36.88 -6.973 0.003 -9.352 0.006 S1S-315 31.84 -6.717 0.003 -9.271 0.004 S1S-365 36.98 -7.095 0.008 -9.298 0.02 S1S-316 31.94 -6.606 0.005 -9.174 0.01 S1S-366 37.08 -7.086 0.006 -9.278 0.007 S1S-317 32.04 -6.735 0.002 -9.248 0.008 S1S-367 37.19 -6.989 0.002 -9.256 0.007 S1S-318 32.14 -6.656 0.005 -9.351 0.006 S1S-368 37.29 -7.017 0.005 -9.257 0.004 S1S-319 32.24 -6.619 0.002 -9.281 0.006 S1S-369 37.40 -7.005 0.006 -9.304 0.013 S1S-320 32.35 -6.589 0.002 -9.209 0.006 S1S-370 37.50 -7.055 0.005 -9.215 0.002 S1S-321 32.45 -6.436 0.004 -9.172 0.003 S1S-371 37.60 -6.952 0.003 -9.198 0.006 S1S-322 32.55 -6.553 0.005 -9.251 0.007 S1S-372 37.71 -7.03 0.006 -9.227 0.011 S1S-323 32.65 -6.498 0.003 -9.259 0.009 S1S-373 37.81 -6.962 0.003 -9.165 0.004 S1S-324 32.76 -6.357 0.002 -9.258 0.005 S1S-374 37.92 -6.926 0.003 -9.156 0.004 S1S-325 32.86 -6.412 0.009 -9.194 0.005 S1S-375 38.02 -6.892 0.004 -9.293 0.005 S1S-326 32.96 -6.368 0.003 -9.303 0.007 S1S-376 38.13 -6.973 0.005 -9.126 0.007 S1S-327 33.06 -6.195 0.003 -9.277 0.006 S1S-377 38.23 -6.862 0.003 -9.047 0.004 S1S-328 33.16 -6.289 0.004 -9.19 0.005 S1S-378 38.33 -6.891 0.003 -9.065 0.007 S1S-329 33.27 -6.262 0.006 -9.254 0.01 S1S-379 38.44 -6.803 0.003 -9.013 0.004 S1S-330 33.37 -6.19 0.005 -9.382 0.004 S1S-380 38.54 -6.832 0.002 -8.977 0.004 S1S-331 33.47 -6.195 0.006 -9.32 0.003 S1S-381 38.65 -6.748 0.008 -9.095 0.012 S1S-332 33.57 -6.166 0.005 -9.183 0.005 S1S-382 38.75 -6.688 0.005 -9.14 0.009 S1S-333 33.67 -6.209 0.005 -9.361 0.007 S1S-383 38.85 -6.675 0.005 -9.041 0.007 S1S-334 33.78 -6.133 0.002 -9.297 0.005 S1S-384 38.96 -6.743 0.001 -9.073 0.007 S1S-335 33.88 -6.117 0.004 -9.312 0.008 S1S-385 39.06 -6.54 0.004 -8.991 0.008 S1S-336 33.98 -6.132 0.005 -9.331 0.01 S1S-386 39.17 -6.656 0.005 -8.965 0.009 S1S-337 34.08 -6.201 0.003 -9.43 0.002 S1S-387 39.27 -6.534 0.002 -9.049 0.006 S1S-338 34.18 -6.205 0.008 -9.342 0.012 S1S-388 39.38 -6.54 0.002 -8.99 0.008 S1S-339 34.29 -6.198 0.003 -9.056 0.005 S1S-389 39.48 -6.555 0.007 -9.103 0.011 S1S-340 34.39 -6.228 0.004 -9.15 0.015 S1S-390 39.58 -6.622 0.003 -9.123 0.012 S1S-341 34.49 -6.307 0.004 -9.12 0.006 S1S-391 39.69 -6.572 0.004 -9.103 0.007 S1S-342 34.59 -6.341 0.004 -9.29 0.006 S1S-392 39.79 -6.646 0.005 -9.237 0.006

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 401-500

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error S1S-401 40.70 -6.863 0.006 -9.241 0.006 S1S-451 45.71 -7.483 0.003 -9.237 0.016 S1S-402 40.80 -6.853 0.003 -9.236 0.006 S1S-452 45.82 -7.247 0.007 -9.175 0.006 S1S-403 40.90 -6.894 0.002 -9.209 0.007 S1S-453 45.92 -7.14 0.003 -9.153 0.004 S1S-404 41.00 -6.886 0.002 -9.246 0.005 S1S-454 46.02 -7.167 0.003 -9.135 0.004 S1S-405 41.10 -6.951 0.003 -9.244 0.002 S1S-455 46.12 -7.191 0.002 -9.131 0.003 S1S-406 41.20 -7.132 0.003 -9.285 0.005 S1S-456 46.22 -7.223 0.005 -9.146 0.008 S1S-407 41.30 -7.108 0.005 -9.314 0.01 S1S-457 46.33 -7.251 0.004 -9.18 0.005 S1S-408 41.40 -7.024 0.003 -9.347 0.006 S1S-458 46.43 -7.251 0.005 -9.2 0.006 S1S-409 41.50 -7.17 0.003 -9.185 0.012 S1S-459 46.53 -7.285 0.003 -9.183 0.003 S1S-410 41.60 -7.236 0.004 -9.306 0.011 S1S-460 46.63 -7.27 0.003 -9.145 0.004 S1S-411 41.70 -7.198 0.004 -9.227 0.004 S1S-461 46.73 -7.35 0.004 -9.283 0.005 S1S-412 41.80 -7.36 0.005 -9.398 0.005 S1S-462 46.84 -7.244 0.003 -9.128 0.004 S1S-413 41.90 -7.231 0.004 -9.17 0.007 S1S-463 46.94 -7.246 0.004 -9.157 0.007 S1S-414 42.00 -7.291 0.004 -9.179 0.006 S1S-464 47.04 -7.208 0.005 -9.165 0.003 S1S-415 42.10 -7.389 0.002 -9.212 0.007 S1S-465 47.14 -7.35 0.003 -9.18 0.006 S1S-416 42.20 -7.553 0.004 -9.426 0.007 S1S-466 47.24 -7.318 0.003 -9.156 0.01 S1S-417 42.30 -7.435 0.003 -9.191 0.003 S1S-467 47.35 -7.258 0.002 -9.178 0.003 S1S-418 42.40 -7.526 0.003 -9.191 0.006 S1S-468 47.45 -7.283 0.004 -9.19 0.004 S1S-419 42.50 -7.66 0.003 -9.41 0.008 S1S-469 47.55 -7.239 0.003 -9.155 0.004 S1S-420 42.60 -7.588 0.004 -9.309 0.006 S1S-470 47.65 -7.239 0.006 -9.29 0.008 S1S-421 42.70 -7.64 0.002 -9.188 0.003 S1S-471 47.76 -7.262 0.002 -9.246 0.007 S1S-422 42.80 -7.711 0.001 -9.266 0.006 S1S-472 47.86 -7.231 0.004 -9.203 0.008 S1S-423 42.90 -7.639 0.005 -9.166 0.003 S1S-473 47.96 -7.231 0.004 -9.231 0.003 S1S-424 43.00 -7.688 0.002 -9.196 0.005 S1S-474 48.06 -7.283 0.003 -9.274 0.003 S1S-425 43.10 -7.664 0.004 -9.152 0.007 S1S-475 48.16 -7.255 0.007 -9.292 0.017 S1S-426 43.20 -7.589 0.004 -9.063 0.006 S1S-476 48.27 -7.229 0.003 -9.299 0.006 S1S-427 43.30 -7.687 0.004 -9.172 0.009 S1S-477 48.37 -7.281 0.004 -9.296 0.011 S1S-428 43.40 -7.666 0.003 -9.168 0.008 S1S-478 48.47 -7.301 0.004 -9.321 0.004 S1S-429 43.50 -7.652 0.004 -9.137 0.007 S1S-479 48.57 -7.184 0.007 -9.256 0.009 S1S-430 43.60 -7.578 0.003 -9.159 0.005 S1S-480 48.67 -7.244 0.004 -9.329 0.004 S1S-431 43.70 -7.653 0.003 -9.225 0.01 S1S-481 48.78 -7.27 0.005 -9.268 0.006 S1S-432 43.80 -7.678 0.003 -9.325 0.007 S1S-482 48.88 -7.283 0.005 -9.266 0.005 S1S-433 43.90 -7.62 0.002 -9.184 0.006 S1S-483 48.98 -7.321 0.002 -9.32 0.005 S1S-434 44.00 -7.634 0.002 -9.187 0.003 S1S-484 49.08 -7.29 0.006 -9.314 0.005 S1S-435 44.10 -7.609 0.004 -9.199 0.006 S1S-485 49.18 -7.302 0.002 -9.306 0.008 S1S-436 44.20 -7.573 0.004 -9.108 0.006 S1S-486 49.29 -7.322 0.006 -9.404 0.005 S1S-437 44.30 -7.581 0.002 -9.202 0.011 S1S-487 49.39 -7.313 0.004 -9.34 0.005 S1S-438 44.40 -7.451 0.003 -9.062 0.004 S1S-488 49.49 -7.294 0.002 -9.313 0.005 S1S-439 44.50 -7.298 0.004 -9.107 0.011 S1S-489 49.59 -7.313 0.003 -9.329 0.007 S1S-440 44.60 -7.677 0.005 -9.195 0.004 S1S-490 49.69 -7.37 0.002 -9.434 0.009

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 501-600

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error S1S-501 50.82 -7.353 0.006 -9.507 0.011 S1S-551 55.98 -7.117 0.002 -9.164 0.012 S1S-502 50.92 -7.347 0.003 -9.388 0.005 S1S-552 56.09 -7.088 0.004 -9.115 0.007 S1S-503 51.02 -7.546 0.003 -9.235 0.007 S1S-553 56.20 -7.124 0.003 -9.131 0.005 S1S-504 51.12 -7.311 0.003 -9.311 0.004 S1S-554 56.30 -7.076 0.003 -9.082 0.006 S1S-505 51.22 -7.27 0.006 -9.316 0.006 S1S-555 56.41 -7.056 0.004 -9.088 0.002 S1S-506 51.33 -7.293 0.003 -9.214 0.005 S1S-556 56.52 -7.161 0.003 -9.234 0.009 S1S-507 51.43 -7.27 0.004 -9.321 0.006 S1S-557 56.63 -7.094 0.002 -9.175 0.007 S1S-508 51.53 -7.302 0.003 -9.304 0.007 S1S-558 56.74 -7.163 0.005 -9.225 0.011 S1S-509 51.63 -7.341 0.008 -9.398 0.009 S1S-559 56.85 -7.048 0.005 -9.174 0.006 S1S-510 51.73 -7.337 0.003 -9.292 0.006 S1S-560 56.96 -7.046 0.003 -9.166 0.009 S1S-511 51.84 -7.233 0.004 -9.299 0.004 S1S-561 57.07 -6.984 0.002 -9.104 0.004 S1S-512 51.94 -7.327 0.006 -9.425 0.01 S1S-562 57.17 -7.058 0.004 -9.156 0.009 S1S-513 52.04 -7.306 0.003 -9.369 0.006 S1S-563 57.28 -7.022 0.002 -9.106 0.006 S1S-514 52.14 -7.296 0.004 -9.369 0.007 S1S-564 57.39 -6.966 0.009 -9.153 0.015 S1S-515 52.24 -7.378 0.004 -9.387 0.006 S1S-565 57.50 -6.924 0.004 -9.158 0.009 S1S-516 52.35 -7.355 0.003 -9.423 0.006 S1S-566 57.61 -6.869 0.002 -9.104 0.004 S1S-517 52.45 -7.359 0.01 -9.405 0.012 S1S-567 57.72 -6.898 0.003 -9.098 0.008 S1S-518 52.55 -7.332 0.004 -9.418 0.015 S1S-568 57.83 -6.916 0.004 -9.139 0.012 S1S-519 52.65 -7.343 0.008 -9.345 0.006 S1S-569 57.93 -6.883 0.01 -9.148 0.012 S1S-520 52.76 -7.413 0.003 -9.466 0.006 S1S-570 58.04 -6.783 0.006 -9.102 0.004 S1S-521 52.86 -7.389 0.003 -9.383 0.005 S1S-571 58.15 -6.954 0.005 -9.121 0.019 S1S-522 52.96 -7.388 0.003 -9.379 0.007 S1S-572 58.26 -6.823 0.006 -9.109 0.011 S1S-523 53.06 -7.364 0.003 -9.37 0.009 S1S-573 58.37 -6.779 0.008 -9.072 0.021 S1S-524 53.16 -7.369 0.003 -9.422 0.006 S1S-574 58.48 -6.773 0.003 -9.121 0.005 S1S-525 53.27 -7.365 0.003 -9.344 0.005 S1S-575 58.59 -6.845 0.003 -9.116 0.011 S1S-526 53.37 -7.333 0.003 -9.331 0.003 S1S-576 58.70 -6.83 0.002 -9.132 0.003 S1S-527 53.47 -7.281 0.002 -9.356 0.004 S1S-577 58.80 -6.801 0.003 -9.104 0.01 S1S-528 53.57 -7.345 0.004 -9.349 0.007 S1S-578 58.91 -6.665 0.005 -9.156 0.005 S1S-529 53.67 -7.268 0.003 -9.393 0..008 S1S-579 59.02 -6.764 0.014 -9.15 0.022 S1S-530 53.78 -7.279 0.004 -9.297 0.005 S1S-580 59.13 -6.672 0.006 -9.075 0.01 S1S-531 53.88 -7.315 0.006 -9.428 0.014 S1S-581 59.24 -6.684 0.003 -9.067 0.01 S1S-532 53.98 -7.338 0.005 -9.416 0.008 S1S-582 59.35 -6.697 0.008 -9.198 0.011 S1S-533 54.08 -7.341 0.002 -9.456 0.004 S1S-583 59.46 -6.732 0.003 -9.166 0.008 S1S-534 54.18 -7.279 0.002 -9.357 0.004 S1S-584 59.57 -6.72 0.005 -9.143 0.005 S1S-535 54.29 -7.24 0.006 -9.252 0.006 S1S-585 59.67 -6.616 0.002 -9.124 0.005 S1S-536 54.39 -7.273 0.004 -9.325 0.006 S1S-586 59.78 -6.608 0.007 -9.108 0.011 S1S-537 54.49 -7.291 0.002 -9.34 0.004 S1S-587 59.89 -6.615 0.004 -9.105 0.007 S1S-538 54.59 -7.221 0.004 -9.299 0.01 S1S-588 60.00 -6.679 0.005 -9.175 0.008 S1S-539 54.69 -7.158 0.008 -9.219 0.009 S1S-589 60.09 -6.648 0.004 -9.18 0.007 S1S-540 54.80 -7.218 0.003 -9.23 0.004 S1S-590 60.19 -6.658 0.003 -9.195 0.013 S1S-541 54.90 -7.273 0.001 -9.237 0.009 S1S-591 60.28 -6.601 0.003 -9.088 0.005 S1S-542 55.00 -7.236 0.006 -9.262 0.005 S1S-592 60.38 -6.592 0.004 -9.08 0.005

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 601-700

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error S1S-601 61.23 -6.681 0.003 -9.14 0.002 S1S-651 66.00 -6.954 0.007 -9.034 0.006 S1S-602 61.32 -6.656 0.004 -9.131 0.006 S1S-652 66.10 -7.097 0.007 -9.051 0.015 S1S-603 61.42 -6.662 0.005 -9.17 0.01 S1S-653 66.20 -7.038 0.003 -8.999 0.009 S1S-604 61.51 -6.708 0.006 -9.152 0.01 S1S-654 66.30 -7.026 0.002 -9.082 0.011

S1S-605 61.60 -6.74 0.006 -9.31 0.005 S1S-655 66.40 -7.04 0.01 -9.074 0.007

S1S-606 61.70 -6.652 0.005 -9.133 0.006 S1S-656 66.50 -6.998 0.003 -9.051 0.007 S1S-607 61.79 -6.612 0.002 -9.122 0.006 S1S-657 66.60 -7.045 0.004 -9.079 0.006 S1S-608 61.89 -6.717 0.003 -9.213 0.005 S1S-658 66.70 -7.032 0.006 -9.111 0.005 S1S-609 61.98 -6.706 0.007 -9.167 0.011 S1S-659 66.80 -7.045 0.006 -9.114 0.006 S1S-610 62.08 -6.654 0.003 -9.15 0.007 S1S-660 66.90 -7.034 0.01 -9.16 0.008 S1S-611 62.17 -6.786 0.003 -9.165 0.006 S1S-661 67.00 -7.016 0.002 -9.084 0.002 S1S-612 62.26 -6.764 0.002 -9.121 0.003 S1S-662 67.10 -7.082 0.004 -9.118 0.005 S1S-613 62.36 -6.858 0.006 -9.182 0.009 S1S-663 67.20 -7.08 0.008 -9.153 0.014 S1S-614 62.45 -6.851 0.002 -9.201 0.005 S1S-664 67.30 -7.111 0.003 -9.166 0.008 S1S-615 62.55 -6.846 0.005 -9.2 0.007 S1S-665 67.40 -7.092 0.003 -9.118 0.006 S1S-616 62.64 -6.794 0.002 -9.176 0.005 S1S-666 67.50 -7.115 0.007 -9.107 0.013 S1S-617 62.74 -6.876 0.005 -9.147 0.01 S1S-667 67.60 -7.143 0.004 -9.166 0.006 S1S-618 62.83 -6.746 0.005 -9.157 0.008 S1S-668 67.70 -7.105 0.001 -9.118 0.004 S1S-619 62.92 -6.82 0.005 -9.131 0.008 S1S-669 67.80 -7.138 0.008 -9.129 0.012 S1S-620 63.02 -6.99 0.003 -9.247 0.011 S1S-670 67.90 -7.1 0.007 -9.077 0.012 S1S-621 63.11 -6.934 0.003 -9.155 0.007 S1S-671 68.00 -7.133 0.002 -9.132 0.007 S1S-622 63.21 -6.963 0.002 -9.186 0.003 S1S-672 68.10 -7.195 0.003 -9.177 0.008 S1S-623 63.30 -6.965 0.004 -9.213 0.006 S1S-673 68.20 -7.187 0.003 -9.215 0.006 S1S-624 63.40 -6.961 0.003 -9.156 0.009 S1S-674 68.30 -7.099 0.003 -9.028 0.007 S1S-625 63.49 -6.932 0.007 -9.219 0.013 S1S-675 68.40 -7.158 0.002 -9.194 0.004 S1S-626 63.58 -6.962 0.003 -9.142 0.005 S1S-676 68.50 -7.219 0.006 -9.206 0.014 S1S-627 63.68 -7.045 0.005 -9.244 0.005 S1S-677 68.60 -7.215 0.005 -9.172 0.007 S1S-628 63.77 -7.013 0.003 -9.186 0.002 S1S-678 68.70 -7.208 0.005 -9.261 0.005 S1S-629 63.87 -7.016 0.007 -9.14 0.006 S1S-679 68.80 -7.249 0.007 -9.295 0.013 S1S-630 63.96 -7.095 0.004 -9.157 0.004 S1S-680 68.90 -7.253 0.003 -9.277 0.007 S1S-631 64.06 -6.893 0.005 -9.155 0.011 S1S-681 69.00 -7.212 0.007 -9.16 0.015 S1S-632 64.15 -7.089 0.002 -9.279 0.004 S1S-682 69.10 -7.284 0.005 -9.322 0.017 S1S-633 64.25 -7.049 0.004 -9.039 0.004 S1S-683 69.20 -7.218 0.004 -9.273 0.01 S1S-634 64.34 -7.052 0.006 -9.136 0.009 S1S-684 69.30 -7.226 0.004 -9.343 0.008 S1S-635 64.43 -7.023 0.007 -9.102 0.004 S1S-685 69.40 -7.252 0.007 -9.259 0.011 S1S-636 64.53 -7.148 0.004 -9.158 0.014 S1S-686 69.50 -7.249 0.001 -9.229 0.004 S1S-637 64.62 -7.013 0.009 -9.058 0.016 S1S-687 69.60 -7.195 0.005 -9.288 0.007 S1S-638 64.72 -7.023 0.005 -9.091 0.009 S1S-688 69.70 -7.202 0.003 -9.277 0.006 S1S-639 64.81 -7.035 0.002 -9.063 0.012 S1S-689 69.80 -7.282 0.005 -9.22 0.007 S1S-640 64.91 -7.006 0.005 -9.176 0.009 S1S-690 69.90 -7.208 0.003 -9.292 0.007

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 701-800

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error S1S-701 71.02 -7.158 0.008 -9.29 0.009 S1S-751 76.12 -6.674 0.004 -9.181 0.006 S1S-702 71.12 -7.071 0.003 -9.234 0.005 S1S-752 76.22 -6.674 0.003 -9.131 0.004 S1S-703 71.22 -7.127 0.01 -9.327 0.01 S1S-753 76.33 -6.698 0.003 -9.097 0.007 S1S-704 71.33 -7.078 0.004 -9.31 0.005 S1S-754 76.43 -6.741 0.004 -9.073 0.01 S1S-705 71.43 -7.147 0.004 -9.392 0.006 S1S-755 76.53 -6.777 0.004 -9.253 0.007 S1S-706 71.53 -7.005 0.005 -9.303 0.009 S1S-756 76.63 -6.762 0.005 -9.128 0.006 S1S-707 71.63 -7.015 0.006 -9.262 0.005 S1S-757 76.73 -6.665 0.005 -9.156 0.007 S1S-708 71.73 -6.949 0.008 -9.255 0.005 S1S-758 76.84 -6.666 0.002 -9.134 0.007 S1S-709 71.84 -6.774 0.003 -9.194 0.012 S1S-759 76.94 -6.676 0.003 -9.181 0.006 S1S-710 71.94 -6.897 0.01 -9.187 0.012 S1S-760 77.04 -6.723 0.003 -9.161 0.004 S1S-711 72.04 -6.792 0.004 -9.143 0.007 S1S-761 77.14 -6.67 0.004 -9.226 0.005 S1S-712 72.14 -6.81 0.002 -9.137 0.007 S1S-762 77.24 -6.619 0.002 -9.191 0.012 S1S-713 72.24 -6.865 0.004 -9.173 0.007 S1S-763 77.35 -6.68 0.006 -9.272 0.008 S1S-714 72.35 -6.754 0.007 -9.177 0.005 S1S-764 77.45 -6.604 0.003 -9.198 0.004 S1S-715 72.45 -6.758 0.004 -9.191 0.009 S1S-765 77.55 -6.72 0.003 -9.167 0.012 S1S-716 72.55 -6.782 0.004 -9.144 0.005 S1S-766 77.65 -6.673 0.005 -9.189 0.008 S1S-717 72.65 -6.888 0.007 -9.353 0.006 S1S-767 77.76 -6.652 0.003 -9.199 0.005 S1S-718 72.76 -6.92 0.005 -9.217 0.004 S1S-768 77.86 -6.688 0.006 -9.131 0.005 S1S-719 72.86 -6.84 0.002 -9.223 0.005 S1S-769 77.96 -6.673 0.002 -9.185 0.004 S1S-720 72.96 -6.879 0.003 -9.189 0.007 S1S-770 78.06 -6.69 0.004 -9.215 0.006 S1S-721 73.06 -6.846 0.004 -9.243 0.005 S1S-771 78.16 -6.651 0.003 -9.106 0.007 S1S-722 73.16 -6.876 0.004 -9.195 0.003 S1S-772 78.27 -6.641 0.009 -9.174 0.009 S1S-723 73.27 -6.863 0.003 -9.201 0.011 S1S-773 78.37 -6.587 0.003 -9.137 0.006 S1S-724 73.37 -6.837 0.003 -9.194 0.005 S1S-774 78.47 -6.65 0.003 -9.2 0.009 S1S-725 73.47 -6.847 0.002 -9.173 0.005 S1S-775 78.57 -6.619 0.004 -9.181 0.007 S1S-726 73.57 -6.871 0.002 -9.166 0.009 S1S-776 78.67 -6.613 0.003 -9.177 0.008 S1S-727 73.67 -6.85 0.002 -9.158 0.004 S1S-777 78.78 -6.653 0.003 -9.219 0.011 S1S-728 73.78 -6.877 0.004 -9.165 0.006 S1S-778 78.88 -6.696 0.005 -9.181 0.006 S1S-729 73.88 -6.823 0.005 -9.138 0.005 S1S-779 78.98 -6.651 0.003 -9.224 0.006 S1S-730 73.98 -6.835 0.009 -9.216 0.013 S1S-780 79.08 -6.673 0.004 -9.233 0.009 S1S-731 74.08 -6.844 0.003 -9.127 0.006 S1S-781 79.18 -6.572 0.004 -9.174 0.004 S1S-732 74.18 -6.792 0.003 -9.088 0.004 S1S-782 79.29 -6.649 0.005 -9.174 0.008 S1S-733 74.29 -6.76 0.002 -9.08 0.004 S1S-783 79.39 -6.74 0.007 -9.374 0.007 S1S-734 74.39 -6.763 0.003 -9.125 0.006 S1S-784 79.49 -6.69 0.004 -9.166 0.006 S1S-735 74.49 -6.767 0.004 -9.13 0.007 S1S-785 79.59 -6.661 0.002 -9.207 0.003 S1S-736 74.59 -6.711 0.003 -9.157 0.008 S1S-786 79.69 -6.627 0.004 -9.215 0.006 S1S-737 74.69 -6.764 0.005 -9.188 0.007 S1S-787 79.80 -6.662 0.005 -9.26 0.011 S1S-738 74.80 -6.765 0.004 -9.17 0.007 S1S-788 79.90 -6.589 0.005 -9.187 0.011 S1S-739 74.90 -6.7 0.003 -9.111 0.007 S1S-789 80.00 -6.643 0.006 -9.238 0.007 S1S-740 75.00 -6.74 0.006 -9.147 0.008 S1S-790 80.10 -6.581 0.003 -9.183 0.008 S1S-741 75.10 -6.698 0.005 -9.106 0.008 S1S-791 80.20 -6.59 0.005 -9.192 0.011 S1S-742 75.20 -6.758 0.004 -9.176 0.009 S1S-792 80.29 -6.621 0.005 -9.199 0.007

附錄 S1S 穩定同位素結果 801-860

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error Sample ID

Depth (mm, from top)

δ13C

(‰,PDB) std error δ18O

(‰,PDB) std error

S1S-801 81.18 -7.006 0.007 -9.224 0.014 S1S-831 84.12 -6.783 0.003 -9.24 0.007

S1S-802 81.27 -6.836 0.004 -9.238 0.012 S1S-832 84.22 -6.81 0.003 -9.225 0.007

S1S-803 81.37 -6.95 0.003 -9.225 0.005 S1S-833 84.31 -6.861 0.003 -9.177 0.006

S1S-804 81.47 -6.966 0.004 -9.225 0.019 S1S-834 84.41 -6.842 0.005 -9.174 0.014

S1S-805 81.57 -6.881 0.007 -9.235 0.011 S1S-835 84.51 -6.865 0.007 -9.197 0.007

S1S-806 81.67 -6.901 0.005 -9.207 0.01 S1S-836 84.61 -6.85 0.006 -9.251 0.006

S1S-807 81.76 -6.885 0.003 -9.164 0.009 S1S-837 84.71 -6.914 0.007 -9.205 0.01

S1S-808 81.86 -6.844 0.006 -9.128 0.008 S1S-838 84.80 -6.945 0.003 -9.206 0.006

S1S-809 81.96 -6.939 0.005 -9.214 0.012 S1S-839 84.90 -6.941 0.005 -9.245 0.007

S1S-810 82.06 -6.929 0.004 -9.194 0.006 S1S-840 85.00 -6.887 0.005 -9.143 0.008

S1S-811 82.16 -6.902 0.004 -9.159 0.007 S1S-841 85.10 -6.928 0.004 -9.156 0.006

S1S-812 82.25 -6.971 0.003 -9.39 0.004 S1S-842 85.20 -6.833 0.005 -9.2 0.012

S1S-813 82.35 -6.931 0.003 -9.203 0.005 S1S-843 85.30 -6.848 0.006 -9.204 0.012

S1S-814 82.45 -6.895 0.005 -9.206 0.013 S1S-844 85.40 -6.899 0.005 -9.201 0.006

S1S-815 82.55 -6.865 0.003 -9.215 0.007 S1S-845 85.50 -6.85 0.004 -9.123 0.006

S1S-816 82.65 -6.931 0.006 -9.286 0.01 S1S-846 85.60 -6.898 0.002 -9.178 0.006

S1S-817 82.75 -6.8 0.006 -9.256 0.008 S1S-847 85.70 -6.832 0.002 -9.206 0.011

S1S-818 82.84 -6.908 0.003 -9.277 0.003 S1S-848 85.80 -6.857 0.004 -9.249 0.006

S1S-819 82.94 -6.804 0.004 -9.214 0.012 S1S-849 85.90 -6.878 0.003 -9.226 0.007

S1S-820 83.04 -6.815 0.004 -9.215 0.013 S1S-850 86.00 -6.839 0.006 -9.125 0.003

S1S-821 83.14 -6.88 0.005 -9.354 0.012 S1S-851 86.10 -6.864 0.004 -9.21 0.006

S1S-822 83.24 -6.794 0.005 -9.232 0.011 S1S-852 86.20 -6.87 0.004 -9.191 0.005

S1S-823 83.33 -6.837 0.002 -9.22 0.007 S1S-853 86.30 -6.787 0.004 -9.12 0.005

S1S-824 83.43 -6.806 0.004 -9.181 0.006 S1S-854 86.40 -6.814 0.005 -9.118 0.009

S1S-825 83.53 -6.835 0.006 -9.261 0.011 S1S-855 86.50 -6.836 0.011 -9.194 0.01

S1S-826 83.63 -6.924 0.005 -9.197 0.012 S1S-856 86.60 -6.802 0.005 -9.165 0.017

S1S-827 83.73 -6.809 0.005 -9.157 0.01 S1S-857 86.70 -6.756 0.004 -9.208 0.012

S1S-828 83.82 -6.793 0.003 -9.218 0.008 S1S-858 86.80 -6.751 0.003 -9.155 0.01

S1S-829 83.92 -6.91 0.003 -9.201 0.009 S1S-859 86.90 -6.773 0.005 -9.238 0.01

S1S-830 84.02 -6.829 0.003 -9.208 0.004 S1S-860 87.00 -6.798 0.007 -9.187 0.008