本論文以美國音樂文化背景為開端，介紹美國多元的音樂發展，其不論古典
音樂還是世俗音樂，皆可看見這個匯集各方特色，並創造本身獨特風格的民族大
熔爐的多彩多姿。作曲家拉森是美國現代優秀的作曲家，其對聲音的瞭解及好奇，
使其聲樂作品充滿特色。此作品中，拉森使用許多不同的手法與動機，有如說故
事般製造出悲傷、激動、吶喊及死亡等情節。並利用大量的不協和音堆、三全音
及半音的元素，為歌曲增添許多的色彩與氛圍。此外，除介紹歌詞的時代背景，
更就亨利八世與其六位皇后之愛恨交織的複雜故事深入探討。
本樂曲之特色大致可分為：
一、歌詞上，不同於一般藝術歌曲多以詩為詞，此組曲是以五位皇后的遺言及書
信作為歌詞，更加強音樂的特色及戲劇性。歌詞雖無押韻，但也因拉森很重
視語運，因而在演唱上，仍相當具有韻律感。
二、和聲上，全曲大多以不和諧的音堆作為和聲色彩，製造悲痛與荒謬之感。此
組曲有很多增三和弦的運用，以空心六度表達寂寞悲戚之苦。
三、素材，拉森引用文藝復興時期作曲家之魯特琴伴奏歌曲作為旋律，其選擇此
些曲目，因魯特琴伴奏歌曲之歌詞與遺言及書信歌詞相互呼應，更可表達出
皇后們的心境。
參考書目
一、中文參考文獻
王珉。《美國音樂史》（Music History of America）。上海：上海音樂出版社，2005。
許介鱗。《英國史綱》。台北：三民書局，2008。
Bernard, G. W. Anne Boleyn. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1917.
Elson, Louis C. The History of American Music. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971.
Glahn, Denise. Music and the Skillful Listener: American Women Compose the Natural World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013.
Hart, Kelly. The Mistresses of Henry Ⅷ. Malta: The History Press, 1988.
Ives, Eric. Anne Boleyn. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988.
Kelly, Jennifer. In Her Own Words: Conversations with Composers in the United States. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2014.
Kimball, Carol. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006.
Rival, Paul. The Six Wives of King Henry Ⅷ. London: Heinemann, 1971.
Weir, Alison. The Six Wives of HenryⅧ. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991.
三、 英文期刊
Eileen, Strempel,. “Try Me, Good King: Last Words of the Wives of Henry Ⅷ: Libby Larsen’s Royal Portraits of Song.” Journal of Singing 64, no.1 (September/October 2007): 11-20.
四、 樂譜
Auden, W. H.. Selected Songs of Thomas Campion. David Godine, 1973.
Nadal, David. Lute Songs of John Dowland. Dover Publications, Inc. 1997.
Noah Greenberg(Music)/Auden and Chester Kallman(Text). An Elizabethan Song Book.
Faber and Faber, 1956.
Roy E. Johnson and Walter Rodby. Great Christmas choruses. Somerset Press, 1970
五、 網路
莉比・拉森官方網站，http://www.libbylarsen.com/（November. 8. 2014）
Richard Kessler, “Larsen: communicating through music”.
http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/libby-larsen-communicating-through-music/,
（November 19 2014）
附錄一-莉比・拉森聲樂作品總表
Vocal
A Pig in the House, for tenor and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2004).
A Quiet Song, for baritone voice and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
A Verse Record of My Peonies, for soprano and piano (ECS, 1990).
Before Winter, for Baritone solo and organ (ECS, 1982).
Beloved, Thou Hast Brought Me Many Flowers, for Mezzo-soprano, cello, and piano (OUP, 1994).
Center Field Girl, for soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
Chanting to Paradise, for soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1997).
Cowboy Songs, for soprano and piano (ECS, 1979).
De Toda la Eternidad, for soprano, wind ensemble, or piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2003, 2005).
Donal Oge, for soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
Far in a Western Brookland, for tenor and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2008).
Fern Hill, for tenor (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2004).
Forget-Me-Not, for soprano, tenor, and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2008).
Hell’s Belles, for mezzo-soprano and handbell choir (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2001).
How Lovely Are Thy Holy Groves (from Missa Gaia), for soprano solo and piano (ECS, 1992).
I Cried unto God, for tenor and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
I Love You through the Daytimes, for baritone and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2003).
Jazz at the Intergalactic Nightclub, for tenor and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2001).
Late in the Day, for soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1998).
Lullaby of the Nativity, for high voice (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2012).
Margaret Songs, for soprano and piano (OUP, 1996).
Mary Cassatt, for mezzo-soprano, trombone, orchestra, and slides (OUP, 1994).
Me (Brenda Ueland), for soprano and piano (OUP, 1987).
My Antonia, for high voice and piano (OUP, 2000).
My Candle Burns, for high voice and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2012).
Perineo, for baritone and piano (ECS, 1993).
Raspberry Island Dreaming, for mezzo-soprano and piano (originally orchestra), (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2002).
Righty, 1966, for soprano, flute, and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing,2007).
Saint without Tears, for soprano, flute, and bassoon (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1976).
Selected Poems of Rainer Maria Rilke, for soprano, flute, guitar, and harp (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2005).
Sifting through the Ruins, for mezzo-soprano, viola, and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 20050.
Song, for soprano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2009).
Song from Letters, for soprano and piano (also chamber version), (OUP 1989).
Sonnets form the Portuguese, soprano and piano (also chamber version), (OUP, 1991).
Stone Soup, for three medium voices, narrator, and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
The Ant and the Grasshopper, for soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1998).
The Apple’s Song, for baritone or mezzo-soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2001).
The Strange Case of Dr. H. H. Holmes, for baritone and prepared piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2010).
Take, for soprano and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2006).
This Unbearable Stillness: Songs from the Balcony, for soprano and string quartet (OUP, 2003).
Three Love Songs, for baritone and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
Three Rilke Songs, for high voice and guitar (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1980).
Try me, Good King: Last Words of the Wives of Henry Ⅷ, for soprano and piano (OUP, 2000).
Turn, Turn, for baritone and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
When I Am an Old Woman, for soprano and piano (ECS, 1990).
Within the Circles of Our Lives, for soprano, baritone, and wind ensemble (ECS, 2007).
Opera
A Wrinkle in Time, one-act opera, libretto by Walter Green (ECS, 1991).
Barnum’s Bird, chamber choral opera in two acts, libretto by Bridget Carpenter (Oxford University Press [OUP], 2000).
Clair de Lune, two-act chamber opera, libretto by Patricia Hampl (ECS, 1984).
Dreaming Blue, opera in one act for child actor, SATB soloists, children’s chorus, rhythm chorus, and drumming group (OUP, 2002).
Eric Hermannson’s Soul, full-length opera with orchestra, libretto by Rader-Shieber (OUP, 1998).
Every Man Jack, chamber opera based on the life of Jack London, libretto by Philip Littell (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2006).
Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus, full-length music drama (ECS, 1990).
Moon Door, full-evening performance with slides, tapes, and costumes (ECS, 1976, 1980).
Mrs. Dalloway, full-length music drama in two acts, libretto by Bonnie Grice (ECS, 1993).
Picnic, opera in three acts, based on the play by Willian Inge, libretto by David Holley (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2009).
The Silver Fox, one-act opera for the young, libretto by John Olive (EXS, 1979).
Choral
A Book of Spells, for SSAA and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2009).
A Choral Welcome, for SATB divisi and keyboard or orchestra (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1994).
A Creeley Collection, for SATB, flute, percussion, and piano (ECS, 1984).
A Garden Wall, for unison choir, keyboard, Orff instruments, two adults, five children with speaking roles, and congregational singing (ECS, 1987).
Alaska Spring, for SATB and string quartet (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
All Shall Be Well, SA, sop, sop recorder, triangle, and keyboard (ECS, 1979).
Alleluia, for SATB (ECS, 1992).
A Salut to Louis Armstrong (from Seven Ghosts), for SATB divisi and piano (OUP, 1995).
And Sparrows Everywhere, for SATB and piano (ECS, 1985).
A Simple Gloria, for SATB (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
A Young Nun Singing, for SAA (OUP, 2003).
By a Departing Light, for SATB (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1999).
Canticle of Mary, for SSA and four-hand piano (also chamber orchestra version), (OUP, 1994).
Celebration Mass: Catholic Edition, for congregation, STAB, and organ (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
Celebration Mass: Lutheran Edition, for congregation, SATB, organ optional bandbells, optional brass quartet/quintet, and optional timpani/percussion (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2010).
Chain of Hope (writings re: Frederick Douglass), for SATB, Baritone, actress, and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2010).
Clair de Lune, for TTBB and tenor solo (ECS, 1985).
Clair de Lune in Blue, for STAB jazz choir and piano (ECS, 1986).
Come before Winter, for SATB, baritone solo, and orchestra or piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2003).
Concord Fragments, for SSAA choir, oboe, clarinet, and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2010).
Crowding North, for SATB, flute, oboe, bassoon, and string quartet (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
Cry Peace, for SATB divisi (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2004).
Dance Set, for SATB, clarinet, cello, percussion, and piano (ECS, 1980).
Day Song, for SSA (OUP,1999).
Deck the Halls, for TTBB, five soloists, piano, and handbells (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1992).
Density of Light, for SATB Choir, treble choir, and brass (Libby Larsen publishing, 1998).
Double Joy, anthem for SATB divisi, handbells, organ (ECS, 1982).
Eagle Poem, for SATB and foru-hand piano (ECS, 1992).
Eine Kleine Snailmusik, for SA and contrabass (OUP, 2005).
Eleanor Roosevelt, for soprano (two), mezzo-soprano, speaker, SATB chorus, clarinet, violoncello, piano, and percussion played by chorus (OUP, 1996).
Everyone Sang, for SATB, harp, and percussion (ECS, 1983).
Falling, for SATB, SATB quartet, SAT trio, trumpet, piano, and percussion (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2001).
Fanfare and Alleluia, for SATB, brass, handbells, chimes, and organ (OUP, 1995).
Flee We to Our Lord, for SATB (OUP, 2003).
Four Meditations for Mechthild of Magdeburg, for SATB, organ, and handbells (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
Free, Fearless, and Female, for SSAA and marimba (Libby Larsen Publishing 2009).
Giving Thanks, for SSAA and string quartet (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2005).
God as Ribbon of Light, for SATB and organ (ECS, 1993).
God So Loved the World, for SATB (OUP, 2005).
How It Thrills Us, for SATB (OUP, 2005).
How- To Songs, for SSA (children’s) chorus (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2000).
I Am a Little Church, for SATB and organ (OUP, 1991).
I Arise Today, for SATB and organ (OUP, 1995).
I Dream of Peace, for SATB chorus and percussion, with texts by children of former Yu-goslavia (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2005).
I Find My Feet Have Further Goals, for SATB( OUP, 1997).
I Just Lightning, for SSAA and percussion (OUP, 1994).
I Lift My Eyes to the Hills, for SATB, handbells, and organ (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
I Love the Lord, for SATB and organ(ECS).
I Will Sing and Raise a Psalm, for SATB and organ (OUP, 1995).
If I Can Stop One Heart form Breaking, for SSA, woodwind quintet, percussion, and strings (OUP, 2001).
If Music Be the Food of Love, for SATB and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
Invitation to Music, for SATB and string quintet or string orchestra or piano (OUP, 1995).
Is Go, Our Endless Day, for SATB (OUP, 1999).
Jack’s Valentine, for SSAA (OUP, 2001).
Jesus, Jesus Rest Your Head, for three- or two- part chorus, solo voice, and piano (OUP, 2004).
Little Notes on a Simple Staff, for SATB and piano (ECS, 1992).
Lord, Before This Fleeting Season, for SATB (OUP, 2000).
Love Songs, for SATB and piano, based on love poems by American women poets (OUP, 1997).
A Lover’s Journey, for six-voice male a cappella group (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2000).
May Sky, for SATB divisi (OUP, 2002).
Mind You, Now, for SSAA and string quartet (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2009).
Missa Gaia: Mass for the Earth, for soprano solo, SATB choir, optional SSA choir, oboe, strings, and four-hand piano (ECS, 1992).
Mother, Sister, Blessed Holy (from Missa Gaia), for SATB and four-hand piano (ECS, 1992).
Natus est Emmanuel, for SSSAAA (OUP, 2004).
The Nothing That Is, for SATB, baritone solo, three speaking voices, and chamber ensemble (OUP, 2000).
Novum Gaudium, for SATB (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
Now I Become Myself, for soprano solo and TTBB (ECS, 1992).
O Magnum Myself, for SATB chorus and prerecorded seven-track solo voice, with sitar vibraphone, bells, and laptop computer plus speakers (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2011).
Of Music, for SSAA and four-hand piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2006).
Peace, perfect Peace, for SATB (ECS, 1985).
Pied Beauty (Glory Be to God, from Missa Gaia), for SATB and four-hand piano (ECS, 1992).
Psalm 121, for SSSAAA (OUP, 2000).
Reasons for Loving the Harmonica, for SATB and piano (OUP, 1997).
Refuge, for SSAA (ECS, 1988).
Ringeltanze, for SATB, handbells, and string orchestra (ECS, 1983).
Ring the Bells, for SSA chorus (children) and piano (OUP, 1998).
Seven Ghosts, for soprano solo, SATB, brass quintet, piano, and percussion(OUP, 1995).
So Blessedly It Sprung, for SATB, oboe, viola, and harp (OUP, 1996).
Songs of Youth and Pleasure, for SATB (ECS, 1986).
Stepping Westward, for SSA, handbells, oboe, and marimba (ECS, 1998).
Sweet and Sour Nursey Rhymes, for SATB and French horn (OUP, 1998).
The Ballerina and the Clown, for SSA and harp (OUP, 2002).
The Blackbird, for TTBB chorus and piano (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
The Day of Pentecost, for STAB, brass, and organ (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2012).
The Settling Years, for SATB and woodwind quintet or piano (ECS, 1988).
The Shepherds and the Angels, for SATB chorus, soprano and baritone soloists, organ, and brass ensemble (OUP, 2004).
The Summer Day, for SSAA and string quartet (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2005).
To a Long Loved One, for SATB and string quartet (Libby Larsen Publishing, 1999).
Today, This Spring, for SA and piano (OUP, 1995).
To Sing, for SSA chorus and piano (Hal Leonard, 2008).
Touch the Air Softly, for SSAA (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2000).
We Celebrate, for SATB and piano or organ (ECS, 1985).
Welcome Yule, for TTBB and strings (ECS, 1984).
Western Song, for SATB (OUP, 2005).
Whitman’s America, for SATB (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2007).
Who Cannot Weep, Come Learn of Me, for mezzo-soprano, tenor, and SSA (ECS, 1985).
The Witches Trio, for SSAA (OUP, 2000).
The Womanly Song of God, for SSAA divisi (OUP, 2003).
Orchestra with Choral/ Vocal
Canticle of Mary, for SSA chorus and chamber orchestra (also four-hand piano version), (OUP, 1994).
Coming Forth into Day (Symphony No.2), for soprano, baritone, SATB, and full orchestra (ECS, 1986).
Encircling Skies, for double choir, full orchestra, full wind ensemble, three marimbas, three pianos, and samples (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2009).
I It Am: The Shewings of Julian of Norwich, for soprano, countertenor, baritone solos, SATB divise, and chamber orchestra (OUP, 2003).
In a Winter Garden, for soprano, tenor, SATB, and chamber orchestra (ECS, 1982).
Notes Slipped under the Door, for soprano, solo flute, and orchestra (OUP, 2001).
Praise One, SATB, SATB chorus favori, and orchestra (OUP, 2004).
Raspberry Island Dreaming, for mezzo-soprano and orchestra (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2002).
Sacred Vows, for tenor, baritone, narrator, SATB chorus, and full orchestra (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2009).
Song: Dances to the Light, for SA, Orff instruments, and full orchestra (or piano), (OUP, 1994).
Songs from Letters, for soprano and chamber ensemble (also piano version), (OUP, 1989).
Songs of Light and Love, for soprano and chamber ensemble (OUP, 1988).
Sonnets from the Portuguese, for soprano and chamber ensemble (also piano version), (OUP, 1991).
This Unbearable Stillness: Songs from the Balcony (orchestral version), for soprano, percussion, celeste, and string orchestra (Libby Larsen Publishing, 2008).
Three Summer Scenes, for SATB, optional youth chorus, and full orchestra (ECS, 1988).