本研究在於探討以市售的Al2TiO5進行UV光降解陰、陽離子染料並了解是否具光 催化活性，並進一步探究其對陰陽離子染料的催化過程中，所產生的反應機制。
5.1 結論
1.市售的 Al2TiO5粉末經 900℃燒結 24 小時後，確實轉變成金紅石相的 TiO2和α-Al2O3
之複合材料。
2.由光催化降解 EV 染料實驗可知〆
(1)Al2TiO5 光觸媒於 UV 照射下光催化 EV 染料，於 80 小時達到 99%的去除效果。
(2)Al2TiO5的濃度最佳催化降解濃度為 1.5 g/L。
(3)在鹼性條件下，Al2TiO5表面帶負電，陽離子染料 EV 較易吸附在 Al2TiO5表面，
反應最快。
(4) 燒結至 900℃熱分解為 rutile 及 α-Al2O3，降解速率增快。
3.由光催化降解 AB1 染料實驗可知〆
(1)Al2TiO5 光觸媒於 UV 照射下光催化 AB1 染料，於 32 小時達到 99%的去除效果。
(2)Al2TiO5的濃度最佳催化降解濃度為 1.5 g/L。
(3)在酸性條件下，Al2TiO5表面帶正電，陰離子染料 AB1 較易吸附在 Al2TiO5表面，
反應最快。
(4) 燒結至 900℃雖然熱分解為 rutile 及 α-Al2O3，但降解速率並無增快。
4..由前二實驗得知，commercial Al2TiO5在鹼性下，因為 Al2TiO5表面帶負電利於光催
化降解陽離子染料々反之，在酸性下利於光催化降解陰離子染料，符合光觸媒粒子 表面競爭吸附理論。
5. commercial Al2TiO5光催化 AB1 染料的速率快於 EV 染料的速率。
5.2 未來方向與建議
1.利用水熱法自行合成奈米鈦酸鋁光觸媒。
2.將市售的鈦酸鋁表面將予以改質或Pt-Al2TiO5，成為可見光光觸媒。 3.測詴其他有機或新興汙染物，如合成雌激素(17α-ethinylestradiol)、氯黴素
(Chloramphinicol)、 氨比西林(Ampicillin)、 四環素(Tetracycline)等抗生素是否仍具有降
解活性，以期望解決環境中病原菌產生抗生素抗藥性後，對公共衛生和人體健康所帶來 的威脅。
4.利用更多定性分析儀器取得更多的證據輔助降解機制的描述，如〆GC-MS、IC等。
5.進而測詴COD及BOD，以期能符合廢水流放標準。
參考資料
【1】 M. S. Baptista, G. L. Indig, Effect of BSA binding on photophysical and
photochemical properties of Triarylmethane dyes, J. Phys. Chem. B. 1998, 102, 4678-4688.
【2】 D. F. Duxbury., The photochemistry and photophysics of triphenylmethane dyes in solid and liquid media, Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 381-433.
【3】 D. R. Doerge., H. C. Chang., R. L. Divi. Churchwell M. I., Mechanism for inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by Leucomalachite Green, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1998, 11, 1098-1104.
【4】 B. Noroozi, G. A. Sorial, H. Bahrami, M. Arami, Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study of a cationic dye by a natural adsorbent-Silkworm pupa, J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, 139, 1, 2, P167-174.
【5】 M. Kobya, O. T. Can, M. Bayramoglu, Treatment of textile wastewaters by
electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum electrodes, J. Hazard. Mater., 2003, 100, 1-3, P163-178.
【6】 H. Chun, W. Yizhong, Decolorization and biodegradability of photocatalytic treated azo dyes and wool textile wastewater, Chemosphere, 1999, 39, 12, 2107-2115.
【7】 B. P. Cho, T. Yang, L. R. Blankenship, J. D. Moody, M. Churchwell, F. A. Beland, S.
J. Culp, Synthesis and characterization of N-demethylated metabolites of Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green, Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2003, 16285-294.
【8】 J. Houk., M. Dezube., J. M. Rovinski., Evaluation of dyes submitted under the toxic substances control act new chemicals programme, In The Design and Systhesis of Organic, Dyes and Pigments, A. T. Peters., H. S. Freeman., Eds.; Elsevier Applied Science, Barking, UK, 1991, p144.
【9】 L. M. Games., R. A. Hites., Composition, treatment efficiency, and environmental significance of dye manufacturing plant effluents, Anal. Chem., 1977, 49, 1433-1440.
【10】G. Balasubramanian., D. D. Dionysiou., M. T. Suidan., I. Baudin and J. M. Laîné., Evaluating the activities of immobilized TiO2 powder films forthe photocatalytic
degradation of organic contaminants in water, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 2004, 47, 73–84.
【11】H. J. Hsing., P. C. Chiang., E. E. Chang., M. Y. Chen., The decolorization and mineralization of Acid Orange 6 azo dye in aqueous solution by advanced oxidation processes: A comparative study, J. Hazar. Mater., 2007, 141, 8-16.
【12】S. F. Kang, C. H. Liao, H. P. Hung, Decolorization of textile wastewater by photo-Fenton oxidation technology, Chemosphere, 2000, 41,1287-1297.
【13】Y. Luo, D.F. Ollis., Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of trichlorethylene and toluene mixture in air: kinetic promotion and inhibition, time-dependent catalyst Activity, J. Catal., 1996, 163, 1-11.
【14】O. d′Hennezel, P. Pichat, D.F. Ollis., Benzene and Toluene gas-phase fhotocatalytic degradation over H2O and HCL pretreated TiO2: by products and mechanisms, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 1998, 118, 197-204.
【15】M. R. Hoffmann., S. T. Martin., W. Choi., D. W. Bahnemann., Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis, Chem. Rev., 1995, 95,69-96.
【16】N. Daneshvar., D. Salari., A. R. Khataee., Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO2, J. Photochem. Photobiol.
A
: Chem., 2004, 162, 317-322.【17】M. Bellardita., M. Addamo., A. D. Paola., L. Palmisano., Photocatalytic behaviour of metal-loaded TiO2 aqueous dispersions and films, Chem. Phys., 2007, 339, 94-103.
【18】A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao, D. A. Tryk, Titanium dioxide photocatalysis, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. C: Photochemistry Reviews, 2000, 1, 1, 1-21.
【19】S. N. Frank, A. J. Bard, Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide ion in aqueous solutions at titanium dioxide powder, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 1, 303-304.
【20】F. D. Mai., C. S. Lu., C. W. Wu., C.H. Huang., J. Y. Chen., C. C. Chen.,
Mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of Victoria Blue R using nano-TiO2, Sep.
Puri. Technol., 2008, 62, 423-436.
【21】D. F. Duxbury., The photochemistry and photophysics of triphenylmethane dyes in
solid and liquid media, Chem. Rev., 1993, 93, 381-433.
【22】S. A. Azima., S. M. Al-Hazmyb., E. M. Ebeida., S. A. El-Dalya., A new coumarin laser dye 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-7-hydroxycoumarin, Optics & Laser Technology, 2005, 37, 245–249.
【23】毛乃真,―台灣創匯的重要功臣－染整業小兵立大功‖, 經濟部產業技術資訊服務
【30】W. Zhu, Z. Yang, L. Wang, Application of ferrous-hydrogen peroxide for the treatment of H-acid manufacturing process wastewater, Water Res., 1996, 30, 2949-2954.
【31】H. L. Wei, H. S. Yen, G. T. Lay, H. H. Min, Commercial and natural dyes as photosensitizers for a water-based dye-sensitized solar cell loaded with gold nanoparticles, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 2008, 195, 307–313.
【32】S. A. Azima., S. M. Al-Hazmyb., E. M. Ebeida., S. A. El-Dalya., A new coumarin
laser dye 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-7-hydroxycoumarin, Optics & Laser Technology, 2005, 37, 245–249.
【33】T. Gessner., U. Mayer., B. aktiengesellschaft., Triarylmethane and diarylmethane dyes, Industrial Chemistry, 1996, A27, 179–227.
【34】J.M. Wang, C.P. Huang, H.E. Allen, O.K. Cha, D.W. Kim, Adsorption characteristics of dye onto sludge particulates, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1998, 208, 518–528.
【35】Y. F. Sasaki., S. Kawaguchi., A. Kamaya., M. Ohshita., K. Kabasawa., K. Iwama., K.
Taniguchi., S. Tsuda., The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives, Mutation Research, 2002, 519, 103–119.
【36】A. Reife., Dyes environmental chemistry. In: Kirk. Editor. Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, 4th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993, 8, 753-784.
【37】U. Rott, R. Minke, Overview of Wastewater Treatment and recycling in the textile processing Industry, Water Sci. Technol., 1999, 40, 137-144.
【38】A. Mittal., V. Gajbe., J. M., Removal and recovery of hazardous triphenylmethane dye, Methyl Violet through adsorption over granulated waste materials, J. Hazard.
Mater., 2008, 150, 364-375.
【39】C. Namasivayam., D. J. S. E. Arasi., Removal of congo red from wastewater by adsorption onto red mud, Chemosphere, 1997, 34, 401-417.
【40】G. M. Walker., L. R.Weatherley., Adsorption of acid dyes on to granular activated carbon in fixed beds, Water Res., 1997, 31, 2093-2101.
【41】J. Houk., M. Dezube., J. M. Rovinski., Evaluation of dyes submitted under the toxic substances control act new chemicals programme, In The Design and Systhesis of Organic, Dyes and Pigments, A. T. Peters., H. S. Freeman., Eds.; Elsevier Applied Science, Barking, UK, 1991, 144.
【42】冬龍, ―珍惜資源保護環境－印染污水處理新方法簡介‖,經濟日報第三版, 2004, http://www.cdpa.org.cn/tempfile.asp?id=512。
【43】H. An., Y. Qian., X. Gu., W. Z. T., Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an anaerobic-oxic system, Chemosphere, 1996, 33, 2533-2542.
【44】I. T. Peternel., N. Koprivanac., A. M. Lonˇcari´c Boˇzi´c., H. M. Kuˇsi´c.,
Comparative study of UV/TiO2, UV/ZnO and photo-Fenton processes for the organic reactive dye degradation in aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, 85, 816-832.
【45】M. Bellardita., M. Addamo., A. D. Paola., L. Palmisano., Photocatalytic behaviour of metal-loaded TiO2 aqueous dispersions and films, Chem. Phys., 2007, 339, 94-103.
【46】N. Daneshvar., D. Salari., A. R. Khataee., Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO2, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., 2004, 162, 317-322.
【47】A. M. Peiro., J. A. Ayllon, J. Peral, X., Domenech, Applied Catalysis S:Environmental, 2001, 30, 359- 373.
【48】A. Mills and S. L. Hunte., An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.y, 1997, 108, 1-35.
【49】藤島昭,橋本和仁,渡部俊也,譯〆王政友, 2006, 世茂出版有限公司,圖解光觸媒.
【50】Dworak, W. and Fingerle, D., Ceramic materials for engines, Br. Ceram. Trans. J., 1987, 86, 170-178.
【51】P. Stingl, J. Heinrich, J. Huber, Properties and application of aluminium titanate components. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, ed. W. Bunk and H. Hausner. DKG, Bad Honnef, Germany, 1986, 369-380.
【52】H. W. Hennicke, W. Lingenberg, Dependence of microstructure and physical properties of materials on the basis of aluminium titanate. In Proceedings of the
Second International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, ed.W. Bunk and H. Hausner. DKG, Bad Honnef, Germany. 1986, 619-623.
【53】D. Coor, Application of aluminium titanate as thermocouple protection tubes in the molten aluminium industry, Ceram. Trans., 1995, 52, 247-254.
【54】胡勇, ―Al2TiO5/Al2O3複合材料的製備及其抗熱震和抗鋁浸滲性能‖, 碩士論文, 2005, 武漢理工大學大新材所.
【55】H. A. J. Thomas, R. Stevens, Aluminium titanate—a literature review. Part 1.
Microcracking phenomena, Br. Ceram. Trans. J., 1989, 88, 44-90.
【56】H. A. J. Thomas, R. Stevens, Aluminium titanate—a literature review. Part 2.
Engineering properties and thermal stability, Br. Ceram. Trans. J., 1989, 88, 184-190.
【57】E. Kato, K. Daimon, Y. Kobayashi, Factors affecting decomposition rate of Al2TiO5, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 1978, 86, 626-631.
【58】T. Kameyama, T. Yamaguchi, Kinetic studies on the eutectoid decomposition of Al2TiO5, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 1976, 84, 589-593.
【59】M. Ishitsuka, T. Sato, T. Endo, M. Shimada, Synthesis and thermal stability of Al2TiO5 solid solutions, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1987, 70, 69-71.
【60】G. Tilloca, Thermal stabilization of Al2TiO5 and properties of Al2TiO5 solid solutions, J. Mater. Sci., 1991, 26, 2809-2814.
【61】R.D. Skala a, D. Li, I.M. Low., Diffraction, structure and phase stability studies on aluminium titanate, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2009, 29, 67-75.
【62】C. C. Chen, C. S. Lua, Y. C. Chung, Photocatalytic degradation of Ethyl Violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO2 suspensions, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., 2006, 181, 120-125.
【63】Z. Maria, C. Maria, D. N. Drggan, A. Jitianu, P. Maria, A12TiO5 preparation starting with reactive powders obtained by Sol-Gel Method, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1998, 18 1257-1264.
【64】I. Hubert Joe, Asha K. Vasudevan, G. Aruldhas, A. D. Damodaran, K. G. K. Warrier, FTIR as a tool to study high-temperature phase formation in sol–gel Aluminium Titanate, J. Solid State Chem., 1997, 131, 181-184.
【65】C. Namasivayam., N. Muniasamy., K. Gayatri., M. Rani and K. Rangananathan., Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel, Bioresour.
Technol., 1996, 57, 37-43.
【66】I. Safarik., M. Safarikova and N. Vrchotova., Study of sorption of triphenylmethane dyes on a maganetic carrier bearing an immobilized copper phthalocyanine dye, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1995, 60, 34-42.
【67】C. C. Chen, C. S. Lu, Photocatalytic Degradation of basic violet 4: Degradation Efficiency, Product Distribution, and Mechanisms,J. Phys. Chem. C., 2007, 111,
13922-13932.
【68】N. Daneshvar., D. Salari and A. R. Khataee., Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water: investigation of the effect of operational parameters, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 2003, 157, 111–116
.
【69】S. K. Kansal., M. Singh and D. Sud., Studies on photodegradation of two
commercial dyes in aqueous phase using different photocatalysts,J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, 141, 581-590.
【70】A. Akyol., H. C. Yatmaz and M. Bayramoglu., Photocatalytic decolorization of Remazol Red RR in aqueous ZnO suspensions,Appl. Cata. B: Env., 2004, 54, 19-24.
【71】M. Muruganandham and M. Swaminathan., Solar photocatalytic degradation of a reactive azo dye in TiO2-suspension,Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2004, 81, 439-457.
【72】S. Sakthivel., B. Neppolian., M. V. Shankar., B. Arabindoo., M. Palanichamy., V.
Murugesan., Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye: comparison of
photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO2,Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2003, 77, 65–82.
【73】M. Karthikeyan, K. P. Elango, Removal of fluoride from water using aluminium containing compounds, J. Environ. Sci., 2009, 21,1513–1518.
【74】劉守靜, ―研究奈米光觸媒之合成及處理染料之效率及降解機構‖,碩士論文,2008, 中山醫學大學應用化學系.
【75】F. D. Mai, C. C. Chen, J. L. Chen, S. C. Liu, Photodegradation of methyl green using visible irradiation in ZnO suspensions: Determination of the reaction pathway and identification of intermediates by a high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method, J. Chromatogr. A, 2008, 1189, 355-365.
【76】C. C. Chen, S. L. Chung, D. M. Fu, S. W. Chyan, Photooxidative N-de-ethylation of anionic triarylmethane dye (sulfan blue) in titanium dioxide dispersions under UV irradiation, J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 137, 1600-1607.
【77】C. C. Chen, H. J. Fan, J. L. Jan, Degradation pathways and efficiencies of acid blue 1 by photocatalytic reaction with ZnO nanopowder, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112,
11962–11972