目前硫化氫毒化造成電池性能的衰退在實驗上已受到證實,而且 重組後的燃料氣體或空氣中或多或少都含有微量的硫化氫,如果在數 學理論模式上的建立能夠準確的預測電池性能,那未來應用電腦模擬 運算上將會使得燃料電池的抗毒化發展更有效率。
所以本文旨在建立硫化氫毒化數學模式,計算區間主要是陽極觸 媒層(硫化氫毒化的主要區域之ㄧ),並結合厚度與暫態效應,將 Van Zee 等人的文章[11]做更進一步的延伸,希望能藉由本文所建立的數 學模式,提供未來在發展硫化氫毒化之全電池模式時,作為拓展的基 礎。
5.1 結論
1.找尋參考資料以確定自己所測出硫化氫和白金的反應速率常數 Kfs 為合理值,再來作出電流電位曲線和實驗數據比對。之後再將硫 化氫濃度改變,進一步比對其他濃度的實驗數據,以確認理論分 析研究的正確性。
2.在模擬的過程中,最開始並未加入硫搶奪白金表面項,也還未考慮 硫化氫吸附反應速率常數隨硫覆蓋率變化情形。在經過尋找符合 的參數時,發現圖形趨勢並不能完全符合實驗趨勢,而加入硫搶 奪白金表面項並考慮硫化氫吸附反應速率常數隨硫覆蓋率變化情 形後,比較結果更為正確。所以硫化氫毒化模式中確定要考慮硫 搶奪已吸附氫氣之白金表面項和硫覆蓋率變化對硫化氫吸附反應 速率常數的影響。
3.當燃料電池操作溫度 50℃,燃料中硫化氫濃度高達 5ppm 時,電池 達穩態約800 分鐘,相當於 13.3 小時;燃料中硫化氫濃度達 0.2ppm
時,電池達穩態約30767 分鐘,相當於 512.8 小時;燃料中硫化氫 濃度達0.05ppm 時,電池達穩態約 116949 分鐘,相當於 1949.2 小 時;燃料中硫化氫濃度達0.01ppm 時,電池達穩態約 516069 分鐘,
相當於 8601.2 小時。由此結果可推知,若質子交換膜燃料電池要 能長時間運轉使用,則重組器出口氣體中硫化氫濃度必須低於 0.01ppm。
4. 質子交換膜燃料電池操作溫度越高,則硫化氫吸附反應速率常數 越高,毒化的影響也越大。
5.2 建議以及研究趨勢
由重組器出來的燃料氣體中有不同的不純物質,其中影響最明顯 的當屬一氧化碳和硫化氫,由於一氧化碳和硫化氫可重疊覆蓋於白金 表面[33],所以其真實毒化情形可以去探討研究。
由於將來燃料氣體來源不一定由重組器產生,所以陽極毒化問題 在未來或許不再非常重要,但是來自於陰極的空氣,在空氣品質較差 的地方時,其中硫化氫含量超過 1ppb(即 0.001ppm)[42],如此濃度 都將造成電池性能受到減損,而且二氧化硫的濃度在某些城市或工業 區也超過 50ppb(即 0.05ppm)數倍[42],所造成的影響亦不能大意。
所以將來若能由本研究延伸建立陰極硫化物毒化數學模式,將能對抗 硫化物的理論發展有所幫助。
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