• 沒有找到結果。

本研究最重要的成就,是將 ASHRAE Standard 55 的熱舒適調查方法 成功的運用於台灣醫院病房住院病患的熱舒適調查。本研究採取現場物 理性環境測量與問卷調查同步進行的方式,調查某醫學中心中83 間空調 病房,完成933 份物理測定數據以及問卷資料。本研究的重要結論如下:

1. 現場物理測定的結果顯示,冬天落於舒適區內的比例有 57%,夏 天則只有 38%。落在舒適區內比例過低的原因是因為溼度控制不 當,若不考慮溼度的限制,則落於舒適區的比例可高達九成。濕 度控制不當的原因是因為冷氣負荷量的限制。

2. 雖然現場物理實測的結果顯示落於舒適區的比例很低,但不管是 根據直接詢問接受度的調查、以選擇ASHRAE Standard 55 熱感尺 度三個中間值相當於可接受的間接調查或是熱喜好問卷中選擇不 改變相當於可接受的調查,都顯示有超過八成的受訪者選擇可以 接受其所處的熱環境。此一結果顯示住院病患或許需要不同於 ASHRAE Standard 55 所建議的舒適範圍。

3. 以機率迴歸模式找到的中性溫度與喜好溫度在冬天分別為 23℃

ET*以及 23.3℃ ET*,夏天則皆為 24℃ ET*,顯示住院病患認為 最 佳 的 溫 度 與 中 性 溫 度 相 當 。 冬 天 希 望 調 熱 的 溫 度 範 圍

(11.5~26℃)是希望調冷的溫度範圍(22.8~31℃)的 1.8 倍,這

顯示受訪者對熱有較高的忍受度。

4. 以 80%以上受訪者覺得滿意的溫度為界,冬天的溫度下限為全年 的溫度下限,夏天的溫度上限為全年的溫度上限,可知住院病患 的接受溫度範圍為 21.4℃ ET*~25.2℃ ET*。此一結果較 ASHRAE 所建議的溫度範圍 19.2℃ ET*~28.8℃ ET*為窄,尤其在溫度上限 部分。此一結果可以確認受訪者因已習慣台灣高溫高濕的氣候,

而有較高的溫濕度容忍上限。

5. 本研究以卡方檢定來探討病房環境特性是否會影響住院病患的熱 感覺。結果發現所有環境特性皆與熱感覺選擇相關。該結果與一 般認為「舒適且令人愉悅的環境,有助於幫助病人恢復病情」的 觀念相符合。

6. 以卡方檢定了解住院病患的年齡、健康狀況、住院天數、原居住 地是否會影響其對熱環境的需求,結果顯示只有健康狀況與熱感 覺選擇相關。該結果顯示虛弱的人需要與健康者不同的熱環境。

7. 將受訪者分為健康族群與虛弱族群,發現健康族群與虛弱族群的 中性溫度在冬天皆為 23.1℃ ET*,夏天則分別為 24.2℃ ET*和 23.2℃ ET*。發現健康族群與虛弱族群的喜好溫度在冬天分別為 22.5℃ ET*和 24℃ ET*,夏天則分別為 23.4℃ ET*和 25℃ ET*。

虛弱受訪者的喜好溫度皆比健康受訪者高,顯示虛弱族群希望有

較溫暖的環境。

8. 冬天健康族群的接受溫度範圍(0℃~52℃)約為虛弱族群接受溫 度範圍(10℃~38℃)的 1.4 倍,這說明冬天時,虛弱族群對於溫 度變化較為敏感,或許需要較恆定的熱環境。在夏天虛弱族群溫 度範圍與健康族群溫度範圍則大致相同(0℃~48℃)。

9. 虛弱族群的接受溫度範圍為 22℃ ET*~26.2℃ ET*,健康族群則是 21.5 ℃ ET*~24.5 ℃ ET*,虛弱族群的接受溫度範圍較健康族群 高。

10. 與其他地區針對不同場所的實測結果相比較,可以發現住院病患 要求的中性溫度與喜好溫度較辦公室、教室的健康受訪者高,該 結果顯示住院病患希望更暖和的熱環境。

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