本研究使用民間常用的魚腥草做抗肺癌研究，除了驗證具有抗發
炎作用，還進行魚腥草粗抽物在小鼠之急性毒性試驗，其半數致死劑 量( LD50 )統計曲線圖顯得陡峭，證明有它具備一定毒性存在，此結 果可供臨床使用魚腥草之參考。
由細胞實驗結果，顯示魚腥草粗抽物抑制A549 細胞活性的機
轉，是透過減少細胞週期之cyclin D1、cylin E 、cyclin A 和 CDK4 /CDK6 及 CDK2 蛋白質的表現，及增加 p27KIP1的表現，使 A549 細 胞停滯於G1/S 期，此外活化 caspase 3 和 caspase 8 之外在路徑促進 細胞凋亡。魚腥草所含生物鹼對 A549 細胞的作用，則是降低細胞週 期之cylinE、cyclin A 和 CDK2 及 Cdc2 ( CDK1 ) 蛋白質的表現，及 增加 p21cip , p27KIP1以及p53 蛋白質的表現，使 A549 細胞停滯於 S 或G2/M 期，同時增加 caspase 3, caspase 8, Bax 及減少 Bcl-2 蛋白質 的表現，導致A549 細胞經由內在與外在路徑進行細胞凋亡作用( 如 Fig.36 所示 )。
比較魚腥草之粗抽物以及生物鹼之作用，雖然造成 A549 細胞週 期在不同時期的抑制作用 ( 粗抽物:抑制 G1/S 期 ,生物鹼: 抑制 S 或G2/M 期 )，不過皆能降低 S 期所含之 cyclin E , cyclin A , CDK2
蛋白質作用，以及引起凋亡的外在路徑 caspase 蛋白質增加，這些相 似之處說明了魚腥草粗抽物與生物鹼皆會使A549 細胞之週期停滯於 S 期，以及活化 caspase 蛋白質而促進 A549 細胞進行凋亡作用。
魚腥草粗抽物中的成分目前已知的就有至少 44 種 [57]，本實驗
魚腥草之粗抽物及生物鹼所達到的抗肺癌效果不完全吻合，有許多可 能的原因，粗抽物混合著各種有效成分，彼此交互作用所形成的抑制 效果或增或減，而單一成分魚腥草之生物鹼所發揮的抑制A549 細胞 作用，可能類似魚腥草之粗抽物，此類傳統藥用植物作用本來就不 少，由本研究只進行魚腥草對 A549 肺癌細胞的實驗結果，推論魚腥 草具有抗人類A549 肺癌細胞的作用，其作用機轉乃是經由 p53 的活 化而使得p21 / p27 增加，造成 A549 肺癌細胞之週期停滯於 S 期，
同時誘導外在路徑之死亡受體活化而引起 caspase 蛋白活化，以及內 在凋亡路徑引起 Bax 蛋白質增加和 Bcl-2 蛋白質減少，造成 A549 細 胞的凋亡 [59]。
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