• 沒有找到結果。

與其他文獻之比較

第五章 車行載重之模擬分析

5.4 與其他文獻之比較

Calçada et al. (2005)對位於葡萄牙里斯本之 Salgueiro Maia 斜張

橋(如圖 5.20 所示)做不同車流之移動荷重試驗,得到其動力放大係 數。並建立橋梁有限元素模型,比較模擬結果與試驗結果。圖 5.21 為兩組不同車流情況下,彎矩之試驗值與模擬值之比較。第一組車流 為單一卡車行駛最外側車道,第二組車流為單一卡車行駛中間車道,

如圖5.22 所示。在車速 80km/hr 以下之模擬與試驗結果,其 DAF 皆 小於 1.08,車速為 90km/hr 時,第一組車流之 DAF 值可遽增至 1.14

~1.2 之間,而第二組車流之 DAF 則變化不大,仍然小於 1.1。大部 分之試驗值皆略大於模擬值。而本研究在模擬不同車流情況下,可得 到介於1~1.17 之彎矩 DAF 值,與 Calçada et al.模擬結果相似。

第六章 結論與建議

6.1 結論

經過以上章節對於素地量測結果、模擬脊背橋地震反應以及模擬 脊背橋車行載重反應之分析探討,得到以下結論:

一、素地量測結果分析

根據現地量測之微動資料做單站頻譜比法,可發現各處測站在 2Hz 處均有明顯之尖峰值,推估此即為橋址之地盤振動顯著頻率。

二、鋼纜預力值對模態之影響

比較不同鋼纜預力值大小所得到之模態結果,其振形並無變化。

在忽略鋼纜質量情況下,各模態之頻率值隨著鋼纜預力值增加而略為 增大,但其差異皆在 2%以內。而在考慮鋼纜質量情況下,各模態之 頻率值除了第七與第八模態約有2~5%之差異,其餘差異亦在 2%以 內。

三、模擬地震反應之系統識別結果

1.忽略鋼纜質量之均勻地震輸入情況下,X 與 Z 方向之反應可識別出 在 5Hz 以下以 X 與 Z 方向振動為主之模態。但是 X 方向之反應對 於第二、四、六與十模態之識別結果較好,可在模型階數(I,J)=5 即

識別出來,且其阻尼比與MAC 值並不隨模型階數(I,J)增加而變化。

而Z 方向之反應對於第一、三、九與十三模態之識別結果較好,理 由同上。Y 方向之反應則可識別出以 Y 方向振動為主之模態。一般 而言,量測點增加可在較小之模型階數(I,J)識別模態,而模型階數 (I,J)增加亦可使某些模態之識別結果較接近理論值。

2.忽略鋼纜質量之多支承地震輸入情況下,實際多支承輸入之識別能 力明顯優於假設均勻輸入之識別結果。假設均勻輸入能識別之模態 數很少,Y 方向反應僅識別出第五模態,Z 方向可識別第一、三、

九與十三模態。且量測點增加時,實際多支承輸入對於某些模態之 識別可在較小之模型階數(I,J)下提早識別出來,假設均勻輸入則否。

3.考慮鋼纜質量之均勻地震輸入情況下,可識別之模態數較”忽略鋼 纜質量之均勻地震輸入情況”為少。若加入鋼纜反應一起分析,各 方向反應皆可額外識別出鋼纜之局部模態,但是 Y 方向反應需要較 高之模型階數(I,J)始可識別出鋼纜之局部模態。量測點之增加對於 X 方向反應可多識別出第一模態,對於 Z 方向反應則可降低第二模 態之識別階數(I,J)。模型階數(I,J)增加可使 X 與 Z 方向某些模態之 識別結果較接近理論值。

4.考慮鋼纜質量之多支承地震輸入情況下,假設均勻輸入可識別之模

態極少;Y 方向反應僅識別第五模態,Z 方向反應則識別出第一與 第三模態。而且即使增加鋼纜之反應,亦無法識別鋼纜之局部模 態。實際多支承輸入之識別結果則較為改善,加入鋼纜之反應可識 別鋼纜之局部模態。就大部分之情況而言,增加量測點與模型階數 (I,J)並不會使識別結果更趨近於理論值,有些阻尼比與 MAC 值仍會 出現不規則之變化。

5.對於考慮鋼纜質量、多支承輸入以及三方向反應之識別結果,若假 設均勻輸入,則僅能識別第一模態;加入鋼纜反應亦無法識別鋼纜 之局部模態。考慮實際多支承輸入則可識別出5Hz 以下大部分之模 態;加入鋼纜反應亦可識別鋼纜之局部模態。

四、車行載重之模擬分析結果

1.由三組不同車流之模擬分析結果可看出橋體反應(位移、彎矩與剪力) 在車速0~140km/hr 之間,有隨著車速增加而增大之趨勢。

2.大部分情況而言,車速較慢時(60 或 40km/hr 以下),其 DAF 之變化 較為平緩;車速較快時(60 或 80km/hr 以上),其 DAF 之變化較為劇 烈。

3.全橋體彎矩反應最大 DAF 約為 1.166,而監測位置所得之 DAF 較 為保守。

4.本研究模擬結果之趨勢與 Calçada et al.模擬結果十分相近。但一般 而言,由於受道路面粗糙之影響,低車速之模擬結果通常會小於試 驗結果,故本研究之模擬結果可當作較為保守之估算。

6.2 建議

1.一般分析皆以地表量測反應當作基礎之輸入,與實際狀況略有差 異。將來之橋梁模型可考慮基礎與土壤互制之影響。

2.可實際進行脊背橋之各項現地動力試驗與本論文模擬結果比對。

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