本研究之進行,因於目前西方醫學對於大腸激躁症或療效不彰或藥 物之副作用顯著,而中草藥近數十年來慢慢為全球大眾所接受及信任
83,84
,且有硏究報告顯示中草藥對於大腸激躁症的療效。然中國傳統醫學 的理論為辨證論治,先經由望聞問切四診合參辨證,確認病因病機診斷 後再據以論治處方用藥,著重全人整體的治療,即使同一西醫診斷疾病 常因患者個人體質、疾病嚴重度或合併症之不同而有不同組成的中草藥 處方,因而造成研究上的困難。為使本研究之結果有高可信度及參考 性,且基於現代醫學理論及研究方法,故以嚴謹的隨機雙盲對照實驗設 計來進行本研究。
大腸激躁症屬於中醫泄瀉、腹痛範圍,主要由情志失調,致肝鬱氣 滯,橫逆犯脾胃,造成腸胃功能失常所引起,本研究實驗用藥加味逍遙 散為臨床應用數百年之固有成方- 丹梔逍遙散,此方由疏肝解鬱、健脾 止瀉、清熱涼血的中藥組成,包括當歸、白芍、白朮、柴胡、茯苓、甘 草、牡丹皮、梔子、薑、薄荷,故本方的論治方向與目前西方醫學對大 腸激躁症病機的認知大致相符。
本研究共納入 54 位患者,追蹤十二周完成三次療效評估共有 36 人,有 18 人中途退出研究,實驗組有 10 名對照組有 8 名,比率分別為 為 35.7%及 30.7%。 實驗組 10 名中途退出研究之原因,3 名因便秘、
脹氣、口破及失眠等之不良事件未完成試驗,7 名原因不明。此 10 名 中有 6 名其GSRS-IBS 分數數據呈現改善的趨勢,而對照組中途退出研 究 8 名中只有 2 名數據呈現改善。
由療效的統計數據發現雖然比較實驗組和對照組的療效未達統計 差異,但實驗組 GSRS-IBS 及 IBS-QOL 分數改善的趨勢均較對照組明 顯。且由停藥四週後的療效追蹤統計數值發現,實驗組GSRS-IBS 分數 由平均 28.5 分持續改善為 26.5 分,而對照組停藥四週後分數卻毫無改 善。在IBS-QOL 的數據也是如此,實驗組分數由平均 67.9 分持續改善 為 63.6 分,而對照組停藥四週後分數不僅無改善,反而惡化,由平均 66.2 分惡化為 68.5 分,吾人認為這個臨床事實顯示實驗組的療效與單純
的安慰劑療效不符,且此特點與 Bensoussan 等人研究之經由中醫師針 對個人體質、疾病嚴重度或合併症之不同而開立個別處方組有相同臨床 療效之趨勢90,而Bensoussan 等人研究之標準成方組雖於藥物治療期間 具療效之統計義意,但於停藥後的療效追蹤不僅未保持療效,反而療效 降低,故吾人認為本研究結果之趨勢是有其臨床療效潛力之意義。
Bensoussan 等人之實驗中藥方為目前唯一以嚴謹 RCT 實驗設計對 大腸激躁症有統計意義療效之中藥實驗,比較本實驗與 Bensoussan 等 人之研究,本實驗藥方組成共只有十味中藥,而 Bensoussan 等人之研 究所用的藥方多達二十味中藥組成,且兩者其中有六味中藥相同,本實 驗藥方組成藥物明顯有較精簡之特點。再者,本實驗之研究治療時間僅 8 周,只有 Bensoussan 等人研究 16 周治療時間的一半,卻有優於 Bensoussan 等人研究標準成方組之趨勢,基於如此顯著趨勢之研究發 現,吾人推論,若增加本實驗成方之治療時程,必能顯現此方對於大腸 激躁症的真正療效及優勢。
另一個支持本方具臨床療效潛力的論點是由副作用統計發現,共有 五人有便秘、便硬的副作用,且都發生於實驗組,明顯和實驗藥物劑量 成正相關,故吾人認為此中藥方臨床上對於大腸激躁症腹瀉亞型之止瀉 療 效 是 顯 著 的 。 但 此 方 的 療 效 是 否 只 有 止 瀉 作 用 呢 ? 經 由 分 析 GSRS-IBS 之 subscale 包括腹痛(Pain syndrome)、腹瀉(Diarrhoea syndrome)、腹脹(Bloating syndrome)及易飽足感(Satiety)等,發現 分數皆有改善趨勢,故此方的對於治療大腸激躁症的療效特別是腹瀉亞 型是讓人抱以高度期待,相當值得進一步研究 。
對於比較實驗組和對照組的療效未達統計差異的另一可能原因,或 許跟對照組的實驗設計有關,本實驗當初基於人體試驗對對照組權利的 考量,設計低劑量的實驗用藥安慰劑,為實驗組治療劑量的十分之一,
此低劑量治療藥物的介入是否會影響對照組安慰效果的表現,進而影響 統計的差異,亦是值得進一步評估探討的。
至於本研究另一個目的是評估此中醫固有古方之臨床處方之安全 性,部分中草藥已經被研究指出對人體是有毒性危險存在的,尤其是對 肝腎器官組織的毒性,雖然本研究藥物組成尚未有過毒性危險的報告,
旦於華人社會是常用的處方,故有其必要評估其對人體的安全性。
本 實 驗 於 研 究 期 間 以 SGOT ( serium glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)、SGPT(serium glutamic pyruvaic transaminase)、BUN(blood uria nitrogen)、Creatinine 評估用藥安全,分別於試驗第四周及第八周抽 血檢查,發現實驗組及對照組其 BUN 及 Cr 指數皆無異常變化,而 GOT、
GPT 指數兩組僅各有一人有些許升高,本實驗證實本方於兩個月期服用 是安全的,亦與Cheng CH 研究服用加味逍遙散 16 週對慢性病毒性肝炎 有抗肝發炎、改善肝功能指數的功效 98及 Chen LC 等人發表服用加味逍 遙散治療停經症候群三個月療程不影響肝腎功能97的結果一致。
再由本研究期間之不良事件記載發現此方的可能副作用為口乾(5 人)、便祕(5 人)及感冒(6 人),但再細分組別比例後發現口乾及感冒皆 發生於對照組,故應與實驗用藥無關,故本方較明顯的副作用應僅有便 秘,但 Cheng CH 及 Chen LC 等人的研究卻未有便秘之副作用之描述
97,98
,對於此方用於不同疾病患者卻有不同副作用的研究發現,此現象的 機轉與中醫學的理論有否關聯,這是值得進一步研究探討的。
第 六 章 結論
本 研 究 比較實驗組和對照組的療效未達統計差異,但實 驗 組 GSRS-IBS 及 IBS-QOL 分數改善的程度有達統計學上之意義,且數據分 析顯示實驗組改善之趨勢較對照組明顯,此改善之趨勢於停藥後四周的 追蹤還是明顯持續,基於上述療效、副作用,及安全性結果之分析發現,
本方應值得進一步更大規模臨床研究,故此古方未來的研究宜再增加收 案數,建議以多中心收案方式增加收案數,使受試者便利就近回診評估 以減少drop out 比率,並增加研究治療時間,或可改變對照組的實驗設 計,減低安慰劑效應,或可於西方醫學的診斷標準下再加入中醫學的辨 証理論為篩選受試者標準,以期能了解此方對於大腸激燥症之真正療 效。
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