• 沒有找到結果。

徐堉峰。1999。臺灣蝶圖鑑。第一卷(Butterflies of Taiwan. vol 1.)。臺灣 省立鳳凰谷鳥園。南投。第144-147 頁。

徐堉峰。2004。近郊蝴蝶。聯經出版社。臺北。第 54-57 頁。

章錦瑜。1992。蝴蝶幼蟲食草的選擇。東海學報 33: 211-221。

張永仁。1994。賞蝶篇(上)。陽明山國家公園。臺北。第 76-77 頁。

張永仁。2005。蝴蝶 100。遠流出版社。臺北。第 44-45 頁。

張保信。1984。臺灣的蝴蝶世界。渡假出版社。臺北。第 39 頁。

張進昌。1992。大鳳蝶幼生期及產卵誘導之研究。國立師範大學生物學

研究所,碩士論文,第19-29 頁。

陳維壽。1963。臺灣區蝶類大圖鑑。中國文化雜誌社。臺北。第 9-10、

74-75 頁。

陳建志。1990。太魯閣國家公園蝴蝶資源。太魯閣國家公園管理處。第 40-41 頁。

陳素瓊、歐陽盛芝。2002。溫度對琉球青斑蝶(Radena similes similes Linnaeus)(鱗翅目:斑蝶科)發育之影響。臺灣昆蟲 22(3):

237-248。

陳素瓊、歐陽盛芝。2003。溫度對大白班蝶(Idea leuconoe clara (Butler))

(鱗翅目:斑蝶科)發育之影響。臺灣昆蟲 23: 331-351。

陳素瓊、歐陽盛芝。2005。大鳳蝶(Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer)

的生活史。國立臺灣博物館學刊 58(1):47-58。

陳素瓊、歐陽盛芝。2007。玉帶鳳蝶(Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer)

(鱗翅目:鳳蝶科)的生活史。臺灣昆蟲 27: 47-66。

陳素瓊、王俊凱、蘇慧珊、楊景堯、鄭韋佑。2000。溫度對玉帶鳳蝶(Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer)發育之影響。宜蘭技術學報 5: 35-43。

鄒鍾琳。1980。昆蟲生態學。上海科學技術出版社。上海。第 25-55 頁。

鄭秋玲。1992。柑桔無尾鳳蝶(Papilio demoleus libanius Fruhstorfer)之 生活史及形態之觀察。嘉義農專學報 28: 379-390。

鄭秋玲、許長漢。2003。日本紋白蝶(Pieris rapae crucivora)(鱗翅目:粉 蝶 科)之形態及溫度對其發展之影響。植物保護學會會刊 45:

271-284。

鄭秋玲、張朝火其。2005。溫度對無尾鳳蝶(Papilio demoleus libanius

Ae, S. A. 1964. Hybrids between Papilio memnon and P. helenus and between P. memnon and P. Protenor. J. Res. Lepid. 3: 55-62.

Awmack, C. S., and S. R. Leather. 2002. Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47: 817-44.

Bovee, K., J. Norman and M. V. Thomas. 2003. Does larval host plant affect female oviposition preference?

http://www.monarchlab.umn.edu/ResearchOLD/Mwd/stmarks.html

(date retieved: May 12, 2008)

Carter, M., K. Sachdev-Gupta, and P. Feeny. 1998. Tyramine isolated from parsnip leaves: A stimulant and synergist for oviposition of the black swallowtail. Physiol. Entomol. 23: 303-312.

Clarke, C. A., and P. M. Sheppard. 1968. The genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio memnon L. Biol. Sci. 254(791): 37-89.

Clarke, C. A., and P. M. Sheppard. 1971. Further Studies on the Genetics of the Mimetic Butterfly Papilio memnon L. Biol. Sci. 263(847): 35-70.

Clarke, C. A., and P. M. Sheppard. 1972. Genetic and environmental factors influencing pupal colour in the swallowtail butterflies Battus philenor (L.) and Papilio polytes L. J. Ent. 46: 123-136.

Clarke, C. A., and P. M. Sheppard. 1997. A new tailed female form of papilio memnon L. and its probable genetic control. Syst. Entomol. 2:

17-19.

Feeny, P., L. Rosenberry, and M. Carter. 1988. Luteolin

7-Ο-(6”-Ο-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside and trans-chlorogenic acid:

Oviposition stimulants for the black swallowtail butterfly.

Phytochemistry 27: 3439-3448.

Gray, G. R. 1856. List of the specimens of lepidopterous Part I Papilionide.

British Museum, London. 14-16 pp.

Hazel, W. N. 1977. The genetic basis of pupal colour dimorphism and its maintenance by natural selection in Papilio polyxenes (Papilionidae : Lepidoptera). Heredity 38: 227-236.

Hazel, W. N., S. Ante, and B. Stringfellow. 1998. The evolution of

environmentally-cued pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies: natural selection for pupation site and pupal colour. Ecol. Entomol. 23: 41-44.

Hidaka, T. 1959. Historical review of studies on environmental factors determining pupal color of Pieris. Jap. J. exp. Morphol. 13: 1-12.

Hiraga, S. 2005. Two different sensory mechanisms for the control of pupal protective coloration in butterflies. J. Insect Physiol. 51: 1033–1040.

Honda, K. 1979. Enviorment factors affecting the pupal coloration in Papilio protenor demetrius CR.(Lepidoptera : Papilionidae) Ι. Effect of

chemical stimulus(odor). Kontyu 47: 191-195.

Honda, K. 1986. Flavanone glycosides as oviposition stimulants in a papilionid butterfly, Papilio protenor. J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 1999-2010.

Honda, K. 1990. Identification of host-plant chemicals stimulating

oviposition by swallowtail buttfly, Papilio protenor. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:

325-337.

Huang, X., and J. A. A. Renwick. 1994. Relative activities of glucosinolates as oviposition stimulants for Pieris napi oleracea. J. Chem. Ecol. 20:

1025-1037.

Hwang S. Y., C. H. Liu, and T. C. Shen. 2008. Effects of plant nutrient availability and host plant species on the performance of two Pieris butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30: 1-9.

Ishizaki, H., and Kato, M. 1956. Environmental factors affecting the formation of orange pupa in Papilio xuthus. Men. Coll. Sci., Univ.

Kyoto, Ser. B, 23: 11-19.

James D. 1858. Entomology: Foreign butterflies. Vol 31. London. 97-99pp.

Leech, J. H. 1892-1894. Butterflies from China, Japan and Korea. London. 1:

653.

Muroya, Y., K. Kubo, K. Maeda, H. Ashizawa, and K. Ohtusuka. 1967. The early stages of Formosan butterflies collected. Spec. Bull. Lep. Sol.

Jpn. 3: 51-52.

Nishida, R., and H. Fukami. 1989. Oviposition stimulants of an

Aristolochia-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Atrophaneura alcinous. J.

Chem. Ecol. 15: 2565-2575.

Nishida, R., S. Ohsugi, S. Kokubo, and H. Fukami. 1987. Oviposition stimulants of a Citrus-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L.

Experientia 43: 342-344.

Nishida, R., T. Ohsugi, and H. Fukami. 1990. Oviposition stimulants activity of tryptamine analogs of a Rutaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54: 1853-1855.

Ohnishi, E., and T. Hidaka. 1956. Effect of environmental factors on the determination of pupal types in some Swallowtail, Papilio xuthus L.

and P. protenor demetrius CR. Zoological Magazine 65:185–187 (in Japanese with an English summary).

Ohsugi, T., R. Nishida, and H. Fukami. 1991.Multicomponent system of oviposition stimulants for a Rutaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. App. Entomol. Zool. 26: 29-40.

SAS Institute. 2003. SAS/STAT user’s guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

Scriber, J. M., and F. J. Slansky. 1981. The nutritional ecology of immature insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 26: 183-211.

Slansky, F. Jr. 1993. Nutritional Ecology: The Fundamental Quest for Nutrients. 29-92pp.

Smith, A. G. 1978. Environmental factors influencing pupal colour determination in Lepidoptera. I. Experiments with Papilio polytes, Papilio demoleus and Papilio polyyxenes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 200: 295-329.

Yoshio, M. 1994. Change in the distribution of the great mormon, Papilio memnon L. in northern Kinki district, Japan. Nature insects 29: 26-31.

(in Japanese with an English summary)

Yoshio, M. 1995. Change in the distribution of the great mormon, Papilio memnon L. in northern Kinki districts, Japan. Part 2. Nature insects 30:

20-22.(in Japanese with an English summary)

Yoshio, M., and M. Ishii. 1996. Rearing Larvae of the Great Mormon Butterfly, Papilio memnon L. (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae), on Artificial Diet. Jpn. J. Ent. 64(1): 30-34.

Yoshio, M., and M. Ishii. 1998. Geographical variation of pupal diapause in the great mormon butterfly, Papilio memnon L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), in western Japan. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 33: 281–288.

Yoshio, M., and M. Ishii. 2001. Relationship between cold hardiness and northward invasion in the great mormon butterfly, Papilio memnon L.

(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Japan. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 36 (3):

329–335.

Zucoloto, F. S. and C. H. B. Helen. 1999. Performance and host preference of Ascia monuste (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). J. Insect Physiol. 45: 7-14.

50

圖一、 大鳳蝶卵的形態及成蟲產卵於寄主植物的位置圖: A. 卵的形態 B. 卵產於嫩芽上 C. 卵產於葉背 葉緣 D. 卵產於葉面 E. 卵產於枝條 F. 一齡幼蟲取食卵殼。

Fig. 1. The Morphology of eggs and the position of female oviposition on host plant of Papilio memnon heronus : A. Morphology of egg; B. Eggs lay on shoots; C. Eggs lay on the back side of the host plant leaves ; D.

Eggs lay on the front side of the host plant leaves ; E. Eggs lay on tiwgs ; F. First-instar larva is feeding on eggshells.

51

圖二、大鳳蝶各齡期幼蟲形態:A. 一齡幼蟲 B. 二齡幼蟲 C. 三齡幼蟲 D. 四齡幼蟲 E. 五齡幼蟲 F. 老熟的幼蟲。

Fig. 2. Morphology of various larvae stages of Papilio memnon heronus : A. First-instar larva; B. Second-instar larva; C. Third-instar larva; D. Fourth-instar larva; E. Fifth-instar larva; F. Mature larva.

52

圖三、大鳳蝶蛹的形態:A.前蛹;B.綠色型蛹(側面);C.綠色型蛹(背面); D.褐色型蛹(側面); E.褐色型 蛹(背面)。

Fig. 3. Morphology of pupa of Papilio memnon heronus : A. Prepupa; B. Green-type pupa (lateral view) ; C. Green-type (dorsal view); D. Brown-type pupa (lateral view); E. Brown-type pupa (dorsal view).

53

圖四、大鳳蝶成蟲形態:A. 雄成蟲(背面);B. 雄成蟲(腹面);C.有尾型雌成蟲(背面);D. 有尾型雌成蟲(腹 面) ;E.無尾型雌成蟲(背面);F. 無尾型雌成蟲(腹面)。

Fig. 4. Morphology of adult Papilio memnon heronus : A. Male (dorsal view); B. Male (ventral view) ; C. Female Form Achates (dorsal view); D. Female with Form Achates (ventral view); E. Female Form Agnor (dorsal view); F. Female Form Agnor (ventral view).

54

Fig. 5. The relationship between the common logarithms of head capsule width of larval stage and each instar of Papilio memnon heronus on four different host plants at 25℃.

相關文件