• 沒有找到結果。

Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work

6.2 Future Work

This paper introduces a telemetry which transmits data and power using one pair of coil. Our demodulator is design for low power consumption. We did not optimize the power efficiency, so in the future this system which is connected to a higher power efficiency rectifier will be a good issue.

Figure 72 shows the external and internal coils quality factor, we assume that the primary power is fixed. According to the power we want to receive and the rectifier input peak voltage to make VDC 1.8 volts, RAC is derived. Efficiency and channel capacity are estimated. For example, the primary power is set up to be 100mW. The rectifier efficiency is 85%, and the implant circuit power consumption is 40mW. The received power must be greater than 47.06mW=40mW /0.8. The other assumption is

that the distance of external and internal coil is fixed to be 1cm. The coupling coefficient is assumed to be 0.098. After these assumptions are set, we can run a MATLAB program to estimate the relation of Q1, Q2 and channel capacity by our equation in section 2.1.

Figure 72. (a) Relation of the Q1, Q2 and capacity (b) Relation of the Q1, Q2 and power efficiency

0

In order to reach higher power efficiency, the efficiency calculation must to be taken into account. The other MATLAB program is the relation of Q1, Q2 and power efficiency. After these two programs are obtained, we enter a threshold to run this program. If we want to make the power efficiency greater than 70%, and capacity is up to 500 kbps. This program will show the Q1 and Q2 value as shown in Figure 73, and two quality factor values are obtained. The only thing we have to do is choosing the coil size and material to meet the condition.

Figure 73. Reasonable Q1, and Q2 value with 500 kbps data rate and the 70% power efficiency 0

50

100

150

200

0 50 100 150 200

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Q1=161, Q2=36 Efficiency > 70 Capacity > 500 kbps

Received power = 47.06mW

Q1 Q2

References

[1] G.A. Kendir, et al., “An efficient inductive power link design for retinal prosthesis,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. IV 41-44, May 2004.

[2] K.M. Silay, et al., “Load optimization of an inductive power link for remote powering of biomedical implants,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp.

533-536, May 2009.

[3] I. Johnson, Agbinya, et al. “Size and CharACteristics of the Cone of Silence,” in Near Field Magnetic Induction Communications (MILCIS), pp. 1-4, Sept. 2009.

[4] J. G. Proakis, and M. Salehi., “Communication systems engineering,” 2002.

[5] B. Razavi, “Design of Integrated Circuits for optical communication,” 2003.

[6] B.Razavi,” RF Microelectronics.” 1998.

[7] W. H. Ko, et al., "Design of radio-frequency powered coils for implant instruments,"

Med.Bio.Eng.Comput., vol. 15, pp. 634-640, 1977.

[8] T.H. Lee, “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits.Cambridge,” UK:

Cambridge Univ. Press., 1998.

[9] H. Yamu and M. Sawan, “A fully integrated low-power BPSK demodulator for implantable medical devices,” in Proc. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I, vol. 52, no.

12, pp. 2552-2562, Dec. 2005.

[10] J. I. Agbinya, and M. Masihpour, “Power equations and capacity performance of Magnetic Induction body area network nodes,” in Conf. on Fifth International Paper presented at the Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), pp. 15-17, Dec. 2010.

[11] A. Kurs, et al., "Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances,"

Science, vol. 317, pp. 83–86, July 2007.

[12] G. B. Hmida, M. Dhieb, H. Ghariani, and M. Samet, “Transcutaneous power and high data rate transmission for biomedical implants,” in Proc. International Conference on Paper presented at the Design and Test of Integrated Systems (DTIS) in Nanoscale Technology, pp. 5-7, Sept. 2006.

[13] C. B. Albason, D. Chung, W.-Y., and S.-L. Lou, “A 2 MHz Wireless CMOS Transceiver for Implantable Biosignal Sensing Systems,” in Journal of Signal Processing Systems, 62(3), 263-272. doi: 10.1007/s11265-010-0459-8. pp. 263-271, Oct. 2006.

[14] L. Hongge and L. Wenshi, “A High-Performance ASK Demodulator for Wireless Recovery System,” International Conference on Paper presented at the Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 21-25, Sept. 2007.

[15] L. Bin, Y. Zhi, and L. Wentai, “An ASK demodulator for data telemetry in biomedical application,” in Proc. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 3-6, Sept.

2009.

[16] D. Daoud, M. Ghorbel, A. Ben Hamida, and J. Tomas, “Fully integrated CMOS data and clock recovery for wireless biomedical implants,” in Proc. 8th International Multi-Conference. The Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD), pp. 22-25, March 2011.

[17] A. M. Sodagar, K. D. Wise, and K. Najafi, “An interface chip for power and bidirectional data telemetry in an implantable cochlear microsystem,” in Proc. IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), pp. 1-4, Dec. 2006.

[18] S. Sonkusale and Z. Luo, “A complete data and power telemetry system utilizing BPSK and LSK signaling for biomedical implants,”in 30th Annu. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), pp. 20-25, Aug. 2008.

[19] X. Wangren, L. Zhenying, and S. Sonkusale, “Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator and Multilevel LSK BACk Telemetry for Biomedical Implant Transceivers,” in IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-II, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 714-718, Sept. 2009.

[20] L. Zhenying and S. Sonkusale, “A Novel BPSK Demodulator for Biological Implants.”

in IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems,vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1478-1484, July 2008.

[21] C. S. A. Gong, M. T. Shiue, K. W. Yao, and T. Y. Chen, “Low-power and area-efficient PSK demodulator for wirelessly powered implantable command receivers,” in Electronics Letters, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 841-842, July 2008.

[22] F. Asgarian and A. M. Sodagar, “A high-data-rate low-power BPSK demodulator and clock recovery circuit for implantable biomedical devices,” in Proc. 4th International IEEE/EMBS Conf. Neural Engineering, pp. 407-410, May 2009.

[23] M. Zhou, M. R. Yuce, and L. Wentai, “A Non-Coherent DPSK Data Receiver With Interference Cancellation for Dual-Band Transcutaneous Telemetries,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 9, Sept. 2008.

[24] D. Shihong, H. Yamu, and M. Sawan, “A high data rate QPSK demodulator for inductively powered electronics implants,” in Proc. IEEE International Symp. The Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 21-24, May 2006.

[25] L. Zhijun and M. Sawan, “An 8 Mbps data rate transmission by inductive link dedicated to implantable devices,” in Proc. IEEE International Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 3057-3060, May 2008.

[26] F. Asgarian and A. M. Sodagar, “A carrier-frequency-independent BPSK demodulator with 100% data-rate-to-carrier-frequency ratio,” in Proc.IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), pp. 3-5, Nov 2010.

[27] F. Asgarian and A. M. Sodagar, “A low-power noncoherent BPSK demodulator and clock recovery circuit for high-data-rate biomedical applications,” in Proc. IEEE

International Conf. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 3-6, Sept. 2009.

[28] C. P. Li, Z. H. Wu, and B. Li, “A new integrated low-power BPSK demodulator for wireless implantable neural recording system,” in Proc. IEEE International Conf. The Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC), pp. 15-17, Dec. 2010.

[29] H. Cheng-Han, et al., “Low-power 13.56 MHz RF front-end circuit for body sensor network,” in International Symp. The Bioelectronics and Bioinformatics (ISBB), pp.

3-5, Nov. 2011.

[30] M. Sawan, “Wireless Smart Implants Dedicated to Multichannel Monitoring and Microstimulation,” in Proc. IEEE/ACS International Conf. Pervasive Services (ICPS), vol. 5, pp. 19-23, July 2004.

[31] Z. H. Wu, Z. M. Liang, and B. Li, “A new BPSK demodulation circuit for command transmission in wireless implantable neural recording system.” in IEEE Asia PACific Conf. on the Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Dec. 2008.

[32] C. P. Li, Z. H. Wu, and B. Li, “A new integrated low-power BPSK demodulator for wireless implantable neural recording system,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference of. the Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC), pp. 15-17, Dec. 2010.

[33] M. Ghovanloo, and K. Najafi, “A high data transfer rate frequency shift keying demodulator chip for the wireless biomedical implants,” in Proc. 45th Midwest Symp.

the Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), pp. 4-7, Aug. 2002.

[34] R.R. Harrison, "Designing Efficient Inductive Power Links for Implantable Devices,"

in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 2080-2083, May 2007.

[35] F. E. Terman, “Radio Engineers Handbook,” 1943.

[36] U.A.Bakshi A.P.Godse, ” Basic Electronics Engineering,” 2008.

相關文件