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mothering successfully by encouraging real-‐time audio-‐visual communication to transpire.
Long-‐distance mothers can witness the growth of their children, particularly the younger ones they have left behind. Ling and Yttri (2002) note that the frequency of calls between parents and children is highest when the children are young and decreases as they grow older and become more independent. The findings correspond to Ling and Yttri's study as participants in group A, whose children's ages range from 4-‐16 years old, tend to use CMC frequently to monitor the younger ones.
In the case of using Facebook, mothers and children share the same space online where they keep track of each other's activities, allowing family intimacy to be maintained and strengthened. The profound and mundane content of conversation that takes place via the computer, encourages mothers to reassert their roles despite being physically absent in the day-‐
to-‐day lives of their children (Uy-‐Tioco, 2007). The emergence of CMC reinforces Filipino
transnational mothering, but it still has allowed the traditional notions of mothering to flourish.
5.2 Limitations and Future Research
It is important to note that this research is based on qualitative interviews with a limited number of migrant mothers in Taipei, Taiwan. Although the patterns of mothering and CMC usage among the fourteen women interviewed would perhaps resemble that of other overseas Filipino workers, generalizations may not be held possible. For instance, a particular group of long-‐distance mothers who work as factory workers in the outskirts of Taipei may have different living accommodation and thus, implying varied access and utilization of CMC. In studying how mothering is done away from home through mediated means of communication, it is also of importance to hear the other party’s communication line. Having observed only the mothers in the whole communication process, data in this research is limited to the mothers, without the significant viewpoints of the children who are the main reason for mothers’ CMC use.
Future studies may acknowledge the use of Smartphones, with its growing demand at present. Smartphones with built-‐in Internet connection can now be used to make a Skype call or update Facebook accounts. Although more expensive than usual cellphones, I have seen some
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Filipino workers tapping and swiping their smartphones during the span of my field
observation. Moreover, given the importance of maintaining intimacy and familial ties among Asians, studying policy implications on migrant workers' rights to communication may also serve beneficial in the long run. Exploration on possible policies educating migrant workers about access, use and cost of different communication devices and employer's provision of communication device can be advantageous with the constant demand for overseas workers.
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