Chapter 5 The Case Studies, Result Analysis
5.2. The analysis on the survey questionnaires
5.2.2. Slight overview of demographic variables of the city/county
users in 2013 based on the Internet World Stats.
Table 5-9 The respondents' media preference
Media preference Frequency Percent Internet
5.2.2. Slight overview of demographic variables of the city/county 5.2.3.1. City A demographics
While we were in City A for survey, the Moslem were having fasting month. The daily life of people during the fasting month usually changes not only for the Moslem but also others. People go to work later than the usual time and come back home earlier. We found that between 8 to 9 a.m. the householders still sleeping. Also between 1 and 4 pm they were asleep. At 5 p.m the Moslems are preparing meals for the fasting break. So, we have to go to houses around 10 o‟clock in the morning. The fasting month not only influenced our survey process, but the future presidential election were also affected. In this city, we collected 138 questionnaires.
Table 5-10 Sample size of City A
Gender Population Sample
‧
國立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
124
The total number of female respondents is 67 (49%) and the number of males is 71 (51%). Both male and female respondents have accessed all kinds of media to find information. They spent at least one hour to use media to find the information they need. Both male and female have equal access to information. Although sometimes people would argue that the topic of our questionnaire is not familiar to women, we find that female respondents can answer their questions as well as the male respondents. Regarding their educational background, we found that most respondents had a bachelor degree (36.2%), followed by senior high level (35.5%), undergraduate is the next (18%) and finally undergraduate 9.4 percent. This may indicate that the level of education in City A was senior high.
The age of respondents ranged from 18 to 71 years old and most of them are 40 years old. Most of respondents access media for more than one hour and using internet has been accessed the most. Moreover, there are ten of occupation group in this survey. Of the 138 respondents surveyed, 37.7 percent work as government employees or civil servants and followed by college students 11.6 percent and 10.9 percent private employee. Finally, regarding the duration of stay, we found that most of our respondents have been living in the city less than a year. Nevertheless, they were able to answer the questions given. We identified that these people are not living in the area of City A but they have been working for the City A municipality. Therefore, they can answer the questions.
We interviewed two senior leaders. They are the provincial parliament member and the secretary of Islamic organization. We did not have the chance
‧
國立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
125 to interview the academic and the tradition leader due to the condition at the time that people were busy preparing the next presidential election.
5.2.3.2. City B demographics
During the surveys, we find most of the respondents have positive attitude towards the observed leader‟s performance. When we conducted the survey in City B, the fasting month has ended nevertheless the people were preparing themselves for the Indonesian independence‟s day ceremony. In the field, we found that some people were reluctant to do the questionnaires because they were traumatized by surveys. According to them, there were surveys conducted by non-government organization and sometimes the results were used inappropriately.
Table 5-11 Sample size of City B
Gender Population Sample
Male 67,295 (49.6%) 23 (49.6%)
Female 68,407 (50.4%) 24 (50.4%)
Total 125,702 (100%) 47 (100%)
Table 5.11 shows 47 samples for City B which consists of 23 males and 24 females. Both female and male have access to similar media to find information needed. They access internet, printed and electronic media. Their length of time to access the media between male and female was not too different. They spent at least one hour accessing. This shows that female has equal opportunity and ability to get information as male. Their ages are ranged from 22 to 66 years old and most of them are 50 years old which is 6.4 percent of the total number of respondents. Regarding their highest educational level, the highest percentage is bachelor degree holders at 42.6 percent, followed by
Source: author
‧
國立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
126
senior high level at 23.4 percent. Postgraduate and junior high education levels were 12.8 percent respectively. While undergraduate was the smallest at 8.5 percent. It may indicate that the City B citizen experience all levels of education. Moreover, of the 47 samples, 34 percent work as the government employee or civil servant, 23.4 percent were businessman and retired government employees were 17 percent. Academician and private employee were 8.5 percent respectively and finally college students, unemployed and informal laborers were 2.1 percent respectively. It may indicate that the respondents have enough capacity to do the questionnaire appropriately.
Finally, 48.9 percent of respondents stated that they get information by accessing electronic and printed media such as radio, television, newspaper or magazine, and internet. Electronic media such as television and radio seems dominantly used.
From the list of interviewees proposed in chapter four, we interviewed one government senior leader, two local parliament members and two businessmen. Regarding interviews with the former mayor of City B, we have not conducted this since we have not received any confirmation upon our letter. He moved to Jakarta since he became the house of representative member.
5.2.3.3. County D demographics
County D has 14 sub-districts and with the area of 4318.11 km2 it is inhabitant by 184,297 people11. In this county, we only need 63 samples to
11 County D in Figures 2012
‧
國立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
127 represent the population proportion. Based on the gender proportion of the population, the sample consists of 32 male and 31 females.
Table 5-12 Sample size of county D
Gender Population Sample
Male 93,092 (51%) 32 (51%)
Female 91,205 (49%) 31 (49%)
Total 184,297 (100%) 63 (100%)
Table 5.12 illustrates the sampling. Moreover, the age of respondents ranged between 20 to 57 years old and most of them are 21 years old which is 9.5 percent of the total number of respondents. Regarding their highest educational level, the highest percentage is bachelor degree with 46 percent, followed by senior high level with 33.3 percent and then postgraduate with 15.9 percent. The least is undergraduate level with 4.8 percent. Regarding their main occupation, 54 percent works as the government employee or civil servant, college student 17.5 percent, informal labor 7.9 percent and academician 4.8 percent. While 3.2 percent is for each private employee, unemployed and medical labor. Finally, student and businessman are 1.6 percent each. For getting information, there are more respondent access media for less than an hour rather than more. In addition, we found respondents mostly use internet and electronic media to find information they need (47%).
5.2.3.4. City C demographics
City C has five sub-districts. With the area of 80.43 Km2, City C is inhabitant by 120.051 people12 which consists of 60,650 male (49.5%) and 61,800 female (50.5%). In city C, we only use 42 samples which consist of 21
12 City C in figures 2013
Source: author
‧
國立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
128
males and 21 females. Table 5.13 illustrates the proportion of the sample is correlated to population proportion.
Table 5-13 Sample size of city C
Gender Population Sample
Male 60,650 (49.5%) 21 (49%)
Female 61,800 (50.5%) 21 (51%)
Total 122,450 (100%) 42 (100%)
Moreover, the respondents‟ ages are ranged between 19 to 71 years old. Regarding their highest educational level, the highest percentage is bachelor degree with 52.4 percent, followed by senior high level with 28.6 percent and then postgraduate with 16.7 percent. 2.4 percent was undisclosed.
Moreover, of the 42 respondents surveyed, 47.6 percent works as the government employee or civil servant, academician 11.9 percent, informal labor 14.3 percent, retired civil servant 4.8 percent, business 2.4 percent, healthcare personnel 7.1 percent, and unemployed 7.1 percent. While 2.4 percent undisclosed. Finally, most of the respondents stated that they had accessed internet, printed and electronic media to get information (78%). Male and female respondents spent their time accessing media almost in similar duration. Regarding interview the senior leaders, in this city we interviewed academician, parliament member, businessman, and traditional leader.