鮮水河－小江、奠邊府剪切帶之構造史與應變分析

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(1)Structural Evolution and Strain Analysis of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang and Dien Bien Phu shear zones.

(2) Structural Evolution and Strain Analysis of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang and Dien Bien Phu Shear Zones. ii.

(3) iii.

(4) Rf/. D1. 60Ma. D2. 30~40Ma.. D3 D4 D5. D1 iv. 60Ma..

(5) D2. 30~40Ma.. D3. Rf /. Rf/. v.

(6) ABSTRACT The XianshuiHe-Xiaojiang and Dien Bien Phu shear zones defines the eastern boundary of clockwise rotation of Asia crust fragment due to the Cenozoic India-Eurasia collision. Previous studies on these fault zones mainly focused on geodesy. This research used field data and strain analysis ( both Fry and Rf/ methods) to reconstruct the structural history of the XianshuiHe-Xiaojiang and Dien Bien Phu shear zones. The reconstructed structural history revealed 5 deformation episods (D1- D5) of both ductile and brittle structures for the XianshuiHe-Xiaojiang shear zone: the oldest D1- possibly started as the India plate colliding into the Eurasia plate during 60 Ma..D2- forms N-S trending upright isoclinal fold by east-west compression possibly during thirty to forty Ma.. D3- forms N-S isoclinal fold which later became recumbent folds due to further thrusting by E-W compression. D4- lower crustal level flow reactivated the fault as left-lateral fault as the Tibetan crust thickened. D5 - the left-lateral motion of the XianshuiHe-Xiaojiang fault zone continued and pushed pull-apart basin to form normal faults. The structure history reconstructed along the Dien Bien Phu shear zone shows 3 episods: D1- N-S upright isoclinal fold formed by vi.

(7) compression. D2- forms recumbent folds (129/19) by NW-SE compression possibly during 30~40Ma.. D3 - NW-SE compression stress was continuing and forms isoclinal folds (150/68). he results of both Fry method and Rf/ in XianshuiHe-Xiaojiang and Dien Bien Phu shear zones are matched the Lower crustal level flow model. In Shear-wave splitting analysis, he results of both Fry method and Rf/. in the XianshuiHe-Xiaojiang shear zone is coupled; The results. of Fry method in Dien Bien Phu shear zone is decoupled; The results of Rf/. is not matched.. Key words Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang shear zone zone. Dien Bien Phu shear. Lower crustal level flow model Shear-wave splitting analysis. Fry method. Rf/. vii.

(8) 1.1 1.2. ............................................................................................................ 1 .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Fry’s method ................................................................. 9 1.3 ...................................................................................... 15 1.4 .................................................................................. 18 1.4.1 ............................................................................................... 18 1.4.2 ................................................................................ 19 1.4.3 ................................................................................... 20 1.4.4 ................................................................................ 26. 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 28 2.2 .................................................................................................. 29 2.3 .................................................................................................. 33 2.4 .............................................................................................. 35 2.5 Rf / ......................................................................................................... 38. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2. .......................................................................................... 41 ................................................................ 41 ................................................................ 52 viii.

(9) 3.2. .................................................................................................. 59 3.2.1 3.2.2 Rf /. 4.1. .............................................................................. 78. 4.1.1. .............................................................................................. 80 ............................................................ 80. 4.1.2. ............................................................ 85. 4.2.1. .................................................................................................. 89 ............................................................................ 89. 4.2 4.2.2 Rf / 4.3 4.4. ............................................................................ 59. .............................................................................. 95 Flinn diagram ................................................................100 .............................................................................................102. ix.

(10) 1.1. ............................................................................. 3. 1.2. ................................................................................. 5. 1.3. GPS. 1.4 1.5. ..................................... 6. .................................................. 7 ......................................................................................... 9. 1.6 ....................................................................11 .........................................11. 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11. ..................................... 13 ............................. 14 ........................................ 17 ...................................................................................................... 19 ........................................ 21 ............................................................... 23. 1.12 1.13 1.14. SONGPAN-GANZI FOLD BELT LONGMEN SHAN THRUST BELT YANGZI PLATFORM SOUTH CHINA FOLD AND THRUST BELTS ................. 25 ............................................................... 27 ............................................................................... 28 ..................................... 31 ..................................... 32 X-Y Y-Z X-Z .......................................................................................... 34 FABRIC 7 ..... 36. 1.15 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6. R 2.7. ..... 37. FABRIC 7 5 ........................................... 37. 2.8 2.9. RI RI. RF .......................................... 38 .............................................................................................. 39 x.

(11) 2.10. ............................................................................................... 39. 3.1. A B. C. D. 3.2. .................. 43 A. B. C. D. .................. 44. 3.3 3.4. ............................................................... 45 ............................................................... 48. 3.5. ............................................................ 49. 3.6 3.7. ............................................................... 51 ............................................................... 53. 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8. ............................................................... 55 ............................................................... 58 ........................................................... 60 ........................................................... 61 .................................. 62 .................................. 63 .................................. 64 .................................. 65 .................................. 66 .................................. 67 ................................ 68 ................................ 69 .................................. 70 ................................ 71 ............................ 72 ................................ 73 ............................ 74 ............................ 75 ............................. 76 ............................. 77 ................... 91 ............................... 92 ............................... 93 ............................... 94 RF / ................................... 96 RF / ................................... 97 RF / ................................... 98 RF / .................................. 99. 06XS02 06XS02 06XS03 06XS06 06XS06 06XS10 06XS14A 06XS14A 06XS16 06XS21C 06XS21C 04DBP-9 05DBP-11A 05DBP-11A 05DBP-11B 05DBP-11B. xi.

(12) 4.9. .......................................100. 4.10. ...............................................101 .................................................101. 4.11 RF / 4.12 06XS02B. ....................103. 4.13 06XS02B. ....................103. 4.14 06XS03 4.15 06XS06. ......................103 ......................104. 4.16 06XS06 4.17 06XS10 4.18 06XS14A. ......................104 ......................104 ....................105. 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30. 06XS14A 06XS16 06XS21C 06XS21C 04DBP-9 05DBP-11A 05DBP-11A 05DBP-11B 05DBP-11B. ....................105 ......................105 ....................106 ....................106 ....................106 ................107 ................107 ................107 ................108 ...............................................109 ............110 ...............................................110. RS. xii.

(13) xiii.

(14) 1.1. Dewey Tapponnier England et al.. Dewey and Burke, 1973 Barazangi and Ni, 1982 Molnar and England, 1990 Richter et al., 1992 Molnar et al., 1993. Tapponnier and Molnar, 1976 Houseman, 1986. Dewey and Burke l973. Barazangi and Ni 1982. Beghoul et al. l993. 1. England and.

(15) Tapponnier and Molnar 1976. slip-line. theory Tapponnier et al., l982, l986 Leloup et al., l995 Briais et al., l993 England and Housemen 1986. Houseman and England. 1996. l986, 1993,. Eastern Himalayan. Syntaxis. Tapponnier et al. 1982 et al.. 1998. 1.2 1.2.1 Tapponnier et al. 1982. collision. extrusion. 2.

(16) Leloup et al., 1995. 1.1. 70oE. 90oE 110oE 130oE. 150oE. 60oN. 50oN. 40oN. SIBERIA. 60oN. 150oE 30oN. MONGOLIA. 50oN. 140oE 20oN. 40oN. 30oN. 20oN. 10oN. INDIA. IN DO CH IN A. 10oN 130oE 0o. BORNEO. ~ 500 km. 10oN. 0o. 20oN 70oE. 1.1. 80oE. 90oE. 100oE. (Tapponnier et al., 1982). 3. 110oE.

(17) Tapponnier et al., 1982. Houseman and England 1986, 1993, 1996. Tapponnier. 1982. Houseman and England, 1996 Royden. 1997. Burchfiel. lower crustal level flow model. 1.2. 4. 2004.

(18) 1.2. Burchfiel, 2004. EHS. Zhang. 2004 1.3. 553. GPS. GPS. Zhang et al., 2004 5.

(19) 1.3. GPS. Zhang et al., 2004. 1-7. Sol. 2007. GPS. shear-wave splitting analysis. coupled decoupled 6.

(20) 102° 26° 1.4. 1.4. McNamara et al., 1994; Sandvol et al., 1997 ITS. BNS. SKS/SKKS. 7. JS.

(21) 2002. King. 1997. GPS 12±4 mm/yr. Feigl. 2003. 1998 2000 1994. 2001. 1994 1996 GPS. 2001. 1. 2005. Roger. GPS. 2 mm/yr Duong 2002 2004. 1995. U-Pb 12.8 ±1.4 Rb-Sr. 10 12. 8. Rb-Sr.

(22) 1.2.2. Fry’s method center-to-center Norman Fry. 1979 homogeneous. random. finite strain. Fry, 1979. 1.5. 1.5. 9.

(23) Fry. 1979. Crespi 1986. anticlustered. 1.6. 1.7. 10.

(24) 1.6 Crespi, 1986. 1.7. anticlustered. Crespi, 1986 11. normailzed.

(25) Erslev 1988 Erslev. Ge. “. Normalized. 1990. ” Erslev. Erslev 1988. 1.8 1.9. 12.

(26) 1.8. Fry 1979 Erslev, 1988 13.

(27) 1.9. Fry 1979 Erslev, 1988 14.

(28) Genier. 2007. Morishita index. Genier. Crespi Erslev Ge. Genier Crespi 1986. Erslev 1988 packed aggregates unpacked aggregates. 1.3. 1.10 30 17. 40. 27 Roger et al., 1995 15.

(29) Tapponnier et al., l982, l986. Leloup et al., l995. Fontaine and Workman, 1997 Lepvrier et al., 2004. Global Positioning System, GPS Roger et al., 1995 2008. Rf / 16.

(30) 1.10. 17.

(31) 1.4 1.4.1 Xianshuihe. Xiaojiang Dien Bien Phu Wang et al., 1998. 1.11. Allen et al., 1991 Holt et al., 1991 1.11. 1.11. 18.

(32) 1.11. 1.4.2. 1993. 13 mm/yr. Wang 19. 2000. 2000.

(33) 78 100. 60 1.12. Roger. 1995. U-Pb. Rb-Sr. 12.8 ±1.4 Rb-Sr 10. 12. 1.4.3. Qiaojia Mengu 50. 2 200 Chenjiang 20.

(34) 15. 1.12 2004. 21.

(35) Shanhua 25. He, 1992. 1.13. Wang et al., 1998. 22. 150.

(36) 1.13 Wang et al., 1998. 23.

(37) Allen et al., 1991. Wang et al., 1998. Shen et al., 2003. 9 6. 7 7.9. 6.9. al., l993. 1725. 1983. 13 20. Allen et al. l991 15±5 mm/yr. Songpan-Ganzi fold belt belt. 1. 5 mm/yr. Longmen Shan thrust. Yangzi platform. and thrust belts. South China fold. 1.14 2 Wang et al., 1998. 2003. Tang et. Wang. 1998. Wang et al., 1998 24. Shen et al.,.

(38) 1.14 Songpan-Ganzi fold belt. Longmen Shan thrust belt. Yangzi platform. South China fold and thrust belts. Wang et al., 1998. 25.

(39) 1.4.4 Dien Bien Phu. 500. Burchfiel, 2004. Chieng Chai. Lai Chau Province Louang Phrabang 2000. Dien Bien Province Lacassin et al., 1997. Burchfiel, 2004. Wang et al., 1998 60. 70. Holt et al.,. 80. 70. 90. Hung and Vinh,. 2001 GPS. Zhang et al., 2004. 40 et al., 1999. Lacassin. 1997. Hung and Vinh 2001. 2008 198~158. 26. Wemmer.

(40) 1.15. Takemoto et al., 2005. 27.

(41) 2.1 2.1. Rf /. 2.1. 28.

(42) 2.2 106 34. 96. 14. 1.10 127. 16. 06XS02b. 2.1. 06XS03. 06XS16 06XS17b. 06XS06. 06XS10. 06XS14a 06XS14b. 06XS17c 06XS18c 06XS21c. 2.3. 04DBP8a 04DBP8b. 05DBP11a 05DBP11b. 2.4. 2.1. 29. 04DBP9.

(43) 2.1. 30.

(44) 2.2. 31.

(45) 2.3. 32.

(46) 2.3. X-Z. 2.4. Y-Z. Adobe. Photoshop CS2. MediaCybernetics. Image Pro Plus 6.0. Image Pro Plus 6.0. Microsoft. 33. Excel.

(47) 2.4. X-Y. Y-Z. X-Z. 34.

(48) 2.4. Eckart Wallbrecher, Graz Fabric 7. Fabric 7. 2.5 normalized Fry Plot. Fabric 7 R 2.6. Fabric 7. (1) 2.7. 5 2.7. 35.

(49) d= λ1 '=. 1. λ1 'cos α + λ 2 'sin α 2. 2. −1. 1 1 ; λ2 '= 2 (1 + e1 ) (1 + e2 )2. α = 0,...,180° (Ramsay & Huber, 1987). 2.5. Fabric 7. 36. (1).

(50) 2.6 R. 2.7. Fabric 7. 5. 37.

(51) 2.5 Rf / Ramsay. 1967. Rf /. Dunnet (1969). Lisle (1967, 1977,. 1985). Ri Rf. 2.8. Before. 2.8. After. Ri Rf. Lisle, 1985. 38.

(52) Ramsay 1967. Ri. Rf / Ri. (. 2.9) Rf /. 2.10. Before. After. Rfmax. Pure shear. 2.9. Ri. Lisle, 1985. Before. After. Rfmin. Rfmax. Pure shear. 2.10. Lisle, 1985. 39. Rfmin.

(53) Ri. Rf/ deformation grid; Rs. shape. Rf / Rs. 2.11. 2.11. Lisle, 1985. Ri. 40.

(54) Rf /. 3.1. 3.1. 3.2. 3.1.1 3.1.1.1. 06XS10 06XS11. 3.3. 06XS10. 41.

(55) 30. 40 3.3. 40 06XS11. 3.4. 3.3. 42.

(56) 3.1 b. a c. d. 43.

(57) 3.2. a. 44. b. c. d.

(58) 3.3. 45.

(59) 3.1.1.2. 06XS06 06XS07 06XS14 06XS16 06XS17 06XS19 06XS21 7. 3.4. 06XS06. 06XS07. 06XS14. 06XS16. 26. 89 35. 50. 15. 50 06XS17. 46.

(60) 06XS19. 06XS21. 47.

(61) 3.4. 48.

(62) 3.5. 49.

(63) 3.1.1.3. 06XS02 06XS03 06XS05. 3.6. 06XS02 60. 06XS03. 06XS05. 50.

(64) 3.6. 51.

(65) 3.1.2 3.1.2.1. M03-11 M03-E M03-F 04DBP-11 04DBP-10 04DBP-9 3.7. M03-11 M03-D M03-E M03-F 35. 50. 04DBP-11 20 04DBP-10 35. 55. 04DBP-9. 52. 55. 7. M03-D.

(66) 3.7 53.

(67) 3.1.2.2. M03-G M03-H M03-I M03-J M03-K 05DBP-12 6. 3.8. M03-G. 60 M03-H. 30 30. 70. M03-J M03-K 05DBP-12. 90 54. M03-I.

(68) 3.8. 55.

(69) 3.1.2.3. M03-L M03-12. 05DBP-11. M03-M 04DBP-8a 04DBP-8b. 04DBP-8d 04DBP-8e 04DBP-2 04DBP-3 13. 3.9. 04DBP-8c. 04DBP-4 04DBP-5. M03-L. M03-12. 05DBP-11 75. M03-M 70. 04DBP-8b. 40. 30 56. 04DBP-8c. 04DBP-8a.

(70) 04DBP-8d. 04DBP-8e. 04DBP-2. 30. 04DBP-3. 04DBP-4. 04DBP-5. 57.

(71) 3.9. 58.

(72) 3.2 3.2.1 06XS02b 06XS06 06XS10 06XS14a 06XS16 06XS21c. 06XS03. 7. 3.10. 04DBP-9 04DBP-11a 04DBP-11b 3. 3.11. Fabric 7. 3.12~. 3.27. R. 3.1. 3.1. 0° 0°. X. 59.

(73) 3.10. 60.

(74) 3.11. 61.

(75) 3.12. 06XS02. 62.

(76) 3.13. 06XS02. 63.

(77) 3.14. 06XS03. 64.

(78) 3.15. 06XS06. 65.

(79) 3.16. 06XS06. 66.

(80) 3.17. 06XS10. 67.

(81) 3.18. 06XS14a. 68.

(82) 3.19. 06XS14a. 69.

(83) 3.20. 06XS16. 70.

(84) 3.21. 06XS21c. 71.

(85) 3.22. 06XS21c. 72.

(86) 3.23. 04DBP-9. 73.

(87) 3.24. 05DBP-11a. 74.

(88) 3.25. 05DBP-11a. 75.

(89) 3.26. 05DBP-11b. 76.

(90) 3.27. 05DBP-11b. 77.

(91) 3.1 fry sample. N. R. Center-to-center R. 06XS02b(. ). gneiss. 503. 1.56. -86. 2.17. 13. 06XS02b(. ). gneiss. 260. 1.07. -76. 1.8. -1. 06XS03(. ). gneiss(vein). x. x. x. x. 06XS03(. ). gneiss(vein). 577. 3.39. 76. 1.76. 21. 06XS06(. ). granite. 665. 1.42. 23. 1.96. -9. 06XS06(. ). granite. 786. 1.96. -31. 2.58. 12. 06XS10(. ). mudstone. 73. 1.58. 86. 2.96. 2. 06XS14a(. ). mudstone. 502. 2.32. 55. 3.89. -4. 06XS14a(. ). mudstone. 85. 1.78. 17. 2.51. -4. 06XS16(. ). granite. 544. 1.56. 55. 4.54. 34. 06XS21c(. ). gneiss. 304. 1.85. -2. 2.25. -13. 06XS21c(. ). gneiss. 600. 3.21. -35. 13.49. -1. 04DBP-9(. ). limestone. 628. 2.1. -38. 3.74. 0. 05DBP-11a(. ). gneiss. 600. 1.91. 6. 3.05. 0. 05DBP-11a(. ). gneiss. 613. 1.82. -78. 12. -2. 05DBP-11b(. ). gneiss. 300. 2.17. -13. 7.21. -1. 05DBP-11b(. ). gneiss. 600. 2.49. 28. 2.65. 0. 3.2.2 Rf / Rf /. Chew (2003). Rf / Illustrator. Word. Excel. Adobe Excel. Office (Chew, 2003) 78.

(92) Chew. Excel. Rf / Rs. 3.2. 3.2. 0° 0°. X 3.2. Rf / Rf /. sample. N. Rs. 06xs02b(. ). gneiss. 503. 1.11. -11.79. 06xs02b(. ). gneiss. 260. 1.23. 8.3. 06xs03(. ). gneiss(vein). x. x. x. 06xs03(. ). gneiss(vein). 577. 1.2. 0.28. 06xs06(. ). granite. 665. 1.01. -32.99. 06xs06(. ). granite. 786. 1.04. 2.63. 06xs10(. ). mudstone. 73. 1.34. -13.69. 06XS14a(. ). mudstone. 502. 1.3. 74.28. 06xs14a(. ). mudstone. 85. 1.12. -23.58. 06xs16(. ). granite. 544. 1.01. -64.42. 06xs21c(. ). gneiss. 304. 1.24. -23.15. 06xs21c(. ). gneiss. 1878. 1.16. 69.69. granite. 531. 1.18. 22.07. limestone. 628. 1.26. 24.48. 03vncb003-1( 04dbp-9(. ) ). 05dbp-11a(. ). gneiss. 1122. 1.3. 74.98. 05dbp-11a(. ). gneiss. 613. 1.14. 1.3. 05dbp-11b(. ). gneiss. 1600. 1.56. -86.55. 05dbp-11b(. ). gneiss. 1306. 1.5. -17.63. 79.

(93) 4.1 4.1.1. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3 D1. 53/67. D2. 91/84 D3 263/16 D4 D5. 80.

(94) D1. 60Ma.. 53/67. D2. 91/84 40Ma.. D2 D3. 263/16. D4. Burchfiel, 2004. 4.4. 12.8 ±1.4 Roger ea al., 1995. D5. 81.

(95) 4.1. D1. D2. D3. n=6. 95/86. n=23. 100/87. n=7. 53/67. 82. n=22. 82/82. 264/36. 82/27. n=11. n=19.

(96) 4.2. D1. (. ). n=7 (53/67). D2. n=51 (91/84). D3. n=30 (263/16). 4.3. D3. 83. D4. D5.

(97) 4.4. D2. D3. 84. D4.

(98) 4.1.2. 4.5. 4.6. D1. 96/58. D2 129/19 150/68. 240. Lan,. 1999. Song ma 198~158. , 2008 Fontaine and Workman, 1997 Lepvrier et al.,. 2004. D3 Burchfiel 2004. lower crustal. flow model. 85.

(99) 86.

(100) 4.5. Song ma D. 214/87. 211/75. D1. n=2. n=8. 95/40. 98/81. D2. n=22. n=10. 69/22. 181/11. n=40. 96/66. 87. D3. n=5. n=23. 312/89. 149/81. n=53. 127/23. n=7. n=9. n=44. 153/63.

(101) 4.6. Song ma D. D1. n=10 (. ). (211/78). D2. n=72 (96/58). 88. D3. n=81 (129/19). n=60 (150/68).

(102) 4.2 4.2.1 finite strain. 4.1~. 4.4. Burchfiel, 2004 Sol et al., 2007. 4.3. D3. 5. 4.5. 3 89.

(103) 90.

(104) 4.1. 91.

(105) 4.2. 92.

(106) 4.3. 93.

(107) 4.4. 94.

(108) 4.2.2 Rf / Rf /. finite strain 4.5~. 4.8. Burchfiel, 2004. Sol et al.,. 2007. Rf /. 70. Rf /. 95.

(109) 4.5. Rf /. 96.

(110) 4.6. Rf /. 97.

(111) 4.7. Rf /. 98.

(112) 4.8. Rf /. 99.

(113) 4.3. Flinn diagram k=1. plane strain. k=0 strain. k=. flattening constrictional strain. Flinn, 1962. 4.9. Flinn, 1962. 4.10. 4.11. k. 100. 1. 4.9,.

(114) 4.10. 4.11. Rf / 101.

(115) 4.4 Image Pro Plus 6.0. Ramsay 1983. Mean Rs. 4.12~ 4.27 50. 05DBP-11a 05DBP-11b 4. 05DBP-11a 3. 1.45~2.11. 102.

(116) 4.12 06XS02b. 4.13 06XS02b. 4.14 06XS03 103.

(117) 4.15 06XS06. 4.16 06XS06. 4.17 06XS10 104.

(118) 4.18 06XS14a. 4.19 06XS14a. 4.20 06XS16 105.

(119) 4.21 06XS21c. 4.22 06XS21c. 4.23 04DBP-9. 106.

(120) 4.24 05DBP-11a. 4.25 05DBP-11a. 4.26 05DBP-11b. 107.

(121) 4.27 05DBP-11b. 06XS21c 0.01. 0.001. 4.28 4.29 Rs. 4.30. 108.

(122) 4.28. 109.

(123) 4.29. 4.30. Rs 110.

(124) D1 D2 D3. D4 Burchfiel, 2004 12.8 ±1.4Ma Roger, 1995 D5. 198~158. 2008 Fontaine and Workman, 1997. Lepvrier et al., 2004 D1. D2 D3. D3 111.

(125) Burchfiel 2004 Lower crustal level flow model. Rf /. Rf /. Rf / prolate ellipsoids. 112.

(126) Rs. 113.

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