基於最小一乘法的穩健地籍坐標轉換

(1)

୷ܭനλ΋४ݤޑᛙ଼Ӧᝤ֤኱ᙯඤ

݅Դғ

*

݅܃։

!୯ҥࡹݯεᏢӦࡹᏢس!

ᄔ

ा

ҁЎගр୷ܭനλ΋४ݤޑᛙ଼Ӧᝤ֤኱ᙯඤБݤǴ२ӃǴа TWD67 ֤኱ᙯඤԿ TWD97 ֤኱ࣁٯǴᇥܴനλ΋४ݤӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑำׇǹฅࡕǴճҔኳᔕჴᡍ୔ၗ਑Ǵଷ೛ӧ TWD67 Ϸ TWD97 ֤኱ၗ਑ёૈ֖Ԗ൳ᅿಉৡޑރݩǴ௖૸നλ΋४ݤӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑᛙ଼܄Ϸᙯඤ ᆒࡋǹനࡕǴӆа੿ჴჴᡍ୔ၗ਑ٰуаᡍ᛾Ƕჴᡍԋ݀ᡉҢǺȐ1ȑਥᏵኳᔕၗ਑ޑჴᡍԋ݀Ǵ ӧ ΋ ۓ ޑ ಉ ৡ ኧ ໆ చ ҹ Π Ǵ ό ᆅ ಉ ৡ Ӹ ӧ ௓ ڋ ᗺ ޑ TWD67 ֤ ኱ ǵ TWD97 ֤ ኱ Ǵ ܈ TWD67/TWD97 ֤኱฻௃ݩǴനλ΋४ݤӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋǴࣣόڙಉৡޑቹៜǹȐ2ȑਥᏵ ੿ჴၗ਑ޑჴᡍԋ݀Ǵᡍ᛾നλ΋४ݤӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤԖࡐӳޑᛙ଼܄Ƕ ᜢᗖຒǺ֤኱ᙯඤǴനλ΋४ݤǴനλΒ४ݤǴᛙ଼ޑ

Robust Cadastral Coordinate Transformation Based on Least

Absolute Deviation

Lao-Sheng Lin

*

, Yi-Chun Lin

Department of Land Economics, National Chengchi University

ABSTRACT

Robust cadastral coordinate transformation based on least absolute deviation (LAD) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the 4-parameter coordinate transformation procedures from TWD67 coordinates to TWD97 coordinates were presented. Then, two data sets were used to test the proposed method. The test results show that: (1) based on the simulated data, under certain number of outliers, neither the outliers exist in the TWD67 coordinates, the TWD97 coordinates, nor the TWD67 and TWD97 coordinates, can affect the LAD coordinate transformation accuracies; and (2) based on the real data, further prove that the LAD coordinate transformation is a robust estimation method.

Keywords: Coordinate Transformation, Least Absolute Deviation (LAD), Least Squares (LS), Robust

ЎዺԏҹВය 103.04.25; Ўዺঅ҅ࡕௗڙВය 103.8.26;*೯ૻբޣ

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΋ǵ߻ ق

Ѡ ᡼ ౜ Չ ϐ Ӧ ᝤ ֤ ኱ س ಍ Ǵ Ь ा Ԗ TWD67ȐTaiwan Datum, 1967ȑک TWD97 ȐTaiwan Datum, 1997ȑٿᅿǶࣁΑӦᝤၗ਑ ᆅ౛฻ሡाǴѸሡჴࡼ֤኱ᙯඤǶதҔനλΒ ४ݤѤୖኧ܈Ϥୖኧ฻БݤǴٰ؃ှᙯඤୖ ኧǶനλΒ४ݤीᆉϦԄϐ௢ᏤǴࢂ୷ܭᢀෳ ໆѝ֖Ԗଽฅᇤৡޑଷ೛ǶӢԜǴӧനλΒ४ ݤѳৡϐ߻ǴѸ໪௦ڗѸाޑୀᒱǵନᒱЋ ࢤǴаዴߥԋ݀ޑࠔ፦[1-3]Ƕќ΋Бय़Ǵനλ ΋४ݤڀԖᛙ଼܄Ǵځѳৡ่݀όܰڙಉৡቹ ៜǶฅԶǴҗܭനλ΋४ݤϐҞ኱ڄኧύ֖Ԗ ๊ჹॶǴคݤ೸ၸ༾ϩБԄှᆉǴ೷ԋीᆉ΢ ޑ֚ᜤǴᏤठว৖ڙډߔᛖǹޔډՋϡ 1955 ԃϐࡕǴωԖᏢޣගр٬Ҕጕ܄ೕჄБݤٰ؃ ှനλ΋४ݤǴӢԶှ،Α၀ݤीᆉ΢ޑ֚ნ [4-6]Ƕ ၸѐҗܭനλ΋४ݤԖ؃ှ΢ޑ֚ᜤǴၨ ϿЎ᝘௖૸നλ΋४ݤӧෳໆሦୱޑᔈҔǶӆ ޣǴှ،നλ΋४ݤୢᚒޑጕ܄ೕჄ೬ᡏǴς ೴ᅌදၹ[6-8]ǶࣁΑ௢ቶനλ΋४ݤӧෳໆሦ ୱޑᔈҔǴҁЎ൩а TWD67 ֤኱ᙯඤԿ TWD97 ֤኱ޑѤୖኧ֤኱ᙯඤࣁٯǴϟಏന λ΋४ݤӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑำׇǴ٠ճҔჴᡍ୔ ၗ਑Ǵ௖૸നλ΋४ݤᛙ଼܄Ԗᜢ᝼ᚒǺȐ1ȑ ୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱֖ԖಉৡǴȐ2ȑୖԵᗺ ϐ TWD97 ֤኱֖ԖಉৡǴȐ3ȑୖԵᗺϐ TWD97֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱Ǵӕਔ֖ԖಉৡǴ ϷȐ4ȑୖԵᗺکᔠਡᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱Ǵӕ ਔ֖ԖಉৡǶ ҁЎӅϩϤ࿯Ǵಃ΋࿯ࣁ߻قǴಃΒ࿯ࣁ ᔈҔനλΒ४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤୖኧǴಃΟ ࿯ࣁᔈҔനλ΋४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤୖ ኧǴಃѤ࿯ࣁჴᡍБݤǴಃϖ࿯ࣁჴᡍԋ݀ᆶ ૸ፕǴಃϤ࿯ࣁ่ፕǶ

ΒǵᔈҔനλΒ४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱

ᙯඤୖኧ

2.1 ѤୖኧӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤ

Ӧᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑБԄԖࡐӭᅿǴӵѤୖ ኧǵϤୖኧᙯඤ฻Ƕ౜аѤୖኧᙯඤࣁٯǴᇥ ܴаനλΒ४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤୖኧԖᜢ ޑڄኧኳࠠϷҞ኱ڄኧ[2]ǶѤୖኧᙯඤǴΞ ᆀࣁ҅׎ᙯඤǴځཀကࣁᙯඤࡕǴচࣁ҅Б׎ ϐ୔ୱϝߥ࡭҅Б׎Ǵҭᆀࣁ Helmert ᙯඤǶ კ 1 ࣁѤୖኧᙯඤҢཀკǴځύǴȐx, yȑ ࣁচۈ֤኱س಍ǴȐX,Yȑࣁཥ֤኱س಍Ǵ P ࣁࡑᙯඤ֤኱ᗺǴ ک ࣁ x ືϷ y ືޑচ ᗺѳ౽ໆǴ فȐҗ x ື۳ X ື໩ਔଞ௽ᙯȑ ߄Ңٿس಍໔֤኱ືϐ௽ᙯفࡋǶऩз S Ȑ=X/x=Y/yȑ߄ҢЁࡋୖኧȐScaleȑǴ߾Ѥୖ ኧᙯඤёаҔΠԄ߄Ңϐ: x T Ty Y T y cos S x sin S X T y sin S x cos S y x 2 9 h f h 9 h f h 2 9 h f h : h f h

炷1炸! ԄύǴ!SǵTx

ˣ

TyϷfǴջࣁӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤ ޑ Ѥ ୖ ኧ Ƕ ऩ з Ȑ 1 ȑ Ԅ ύǴShcosf2a b sin S ǵ f 2 h ǵT_x 2cǵT_y2dǴջёஒȐ1ȑԄᙁ ϯࣁΠԄǺ

Y d ay bx X c by ax 2 9 9 9 2 :

炷2炸

კ 1. ѤୖኧȐS=X/x=Y/yǵTxǵTyϷfȑᙯඤҢ X v vY Y X v Y d ay bx v X c by ax 9 2 9 9 9 2 9 : ཀკǶ Ȑ2ȑԄࣁѤୖኧᙯඤޑጕ܄БำԄǴaǵbǵ cǵdࣁѤঁᙯඤୖኧǶӵ݀ଷ೛Ȑx, yȑคᇤ ৡǴ٠ԵቾȐX,Yȑޑූৡ೽ϩȐ , ȑǴ ߾ёаஒȐ2ȑԄϯࣁаΠᢀෳБำԄǺ

Ȑ3ȑ

!

(3)

3.1 നλ΋४ݤϐྍଆᆶ౛ፕ୷ᘵ

2.2 ճҔനλΒ४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤୖ

ኧ

നλ΋४ݤȐLeast Absolute Deviation(s), LADȑ;Ξᆀࣁ Least Absolute Value ȐLAVȑ ܈ᆀࣁ L1 norm ฻ǶLAD ౛ፕࣁՋϡ 1755 Կ 1757 ԃ໔ǴBoscovitch ک Laplace ٿՏኧᏢ ৎǴӧࣴزޔጕᔕӝਔ܌ගрǴКനλΒ४ݤ ౛ፕޑගрԐΑ 40 ӭԃ[4-9]Ƕ ଷ೛ࢌ΋Ӧ୔Ԗ n ঁςޕ TWD67 ֤኱Ϸ TWD97 ֤኱ޑ௓ڋᗺǴటճҔ೭٤௓ڋᗺ؃ ှҗ TWD67 ֤኱ᙯඤࣁ TWD97 ֤኱ޑѤୖ ኧǶਥᏵȐ3ȑԄǴ؂΋ঁ௓ڋᗺёаӈр 2 ঁᢀෳБำԄǹӢԜǴn ঁ௓ڋᗺёаӈр 2n Ȑ=mȑঁБำԄǴӵȐ4ȑԄ܈Ȑ5ȑԄǶ LADޑ୷ҁ౛ፕǴࣁଷ೛΋ಔၗ਑х֖ᗺ x ( i,yi), i i i) y x ( f = 1, 2, ..., nǴाפр΋ঁБำ٬ள i ǶӢԜǴଷ೛pж߄yᢀෳໆޑ៾ख़Ȑჹ ᔈޑ៾ંତࣁPȑǹf(xi)ё ࢂ΋ঁጕ܄Бำ ԄǴf(xi) ӧȐ4ȑԄϷȐ5ȑԄύǴA ࣁ߯ኧંତǴ ځύޑ xǵ y ॶǴж߄௓ڋᗺޑ TWD67 EǵN ֤኱ǹL ࣁᢀෳӛໆǴځύޑ XǵY ॶǴж߄ ௓ڋᗺޑ TWD97 EǵN ֤኱ǹV ࣁූৡӛໆǴ ځύޑ ǵ Ǵϩձж߄ѳৡࡕ XǵY ॶϐ ූৡॶǹX ࣁ҂ޕኧӛໆǴځύޑ aǵbǵcǵdǴ ߾ࣁࡑ؃ޑѤঁᙯඤୖኧǶ X v vY ૈ c bxi9 2 Ȑb, bx ax2 i 9 cࣁ҂ޕኧȑǹ܈ࢂߚጕ ܄БำԄ f(x_i , b, cࣁ҂ޕ ኧȑǴҞ኱ڄኧȐSȑࣁ٬ځූৡȐvi yi f(xi) c i9 )2 Ȑa : 2 ȑ ๊ჹॶϐکၲډനλǴӵΠԄǺ

ڄኧኳࠠ Am34hX4312Lm319Vm31

Ȑ4ȑ

4 5

PV min v p ) x ( f y p S n 1 i i i n 1 i i i i 2 2 2 : 2

D

2 2

₍₇₎ җܭ LAD ϐҞ኱ڄኧȐSȑύ֖Ԗ๊ჹ ॶǴ

3.2 നλ΋४ݤᆶനλΒ४ݤޑ౦ӕ

ճҔനλ΋४ݤᆶനλΒ४ݤѳৡǴ؃ ှѤୖ G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H A ; 9 G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H A ; 2 G G G G B ? H H H H A ; G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H A ; : : n n 1 1 Y X Y X n n 1 1 n n n n 1 1 1 1 v v v v Y X Y X d c b a 1 0 x y 0 1 y x 1 0 x y 0 1 y x Ȑ5ȑ ӢԜǴคݤޔௗаှ݋ݤ೸ၸ༾ϩБԄှ ᆉǴ೷ԋीᆉ΢ޑ֚ᜤǴᏤठว৖ڙډߔᛖԶ ଶᅉǶޔډՋϡ 1955 ԃਔǴCharnesǵCooper ک Ferguson ฻ΓǴӧࣴزࢌ΋੝ۓᆅ౛ୢᚒ ύǴ٬Ҕጕ܄ೕჄБݤ؃ှനλ΋४ݤǴωှ ،Αനλ΋४ݤीᆉ΢ޑ֚ნǴΨӢԜ൚ۓΑ നλ΋४ݤޑว৖୷ᘵǶ җܭѤୖኧᙯඤޑࡑ՗ୖኧԖ4ঁǴӢ ԜǴऩԖ2ঁ௓ڋᗺޑၗ਑Ǵ߾ёаளډ4ঁࡑ ՗ୖኧޑ୤΋ှǶऩ௓ڋᗺኧnεܭ2Ǵ߾ёа നλΒ४ݤѳৡБݤǴ՗ी4ঁࡑ՗ୖኧǶзp ж߄؂΋ঁᢀෳໆޑ៾ख़Ȑჹᔈ(4)Ԅޑ៾ં ତࣁPȑǴਥᏵനλΒ४ݤྗ߾ǴӧᅈىҞ኱ ڄኧǺ Ȑminж߄ཱུλॶȑ ޑచҹΠǴёаճҔΠԄ؃ளXॶǺ

4 5

D

₂n 2 2 1 i 2 i PV min p 2 v

^

ኧӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑᙯඤୖኧǴٿޣޑڄ ኧኳࠠ࣬ӕȐӵ (4) ԄȑǹฅԶǴځҞ኱ڄኧ ࠅόӕǴஒٿᅿѳৡБݤޑڄኧኳࠠᆶҞ኱ڄ ኧǴ᏾౛ӵΠǺ

\

A PA

^ \

A PL X T :1 T 2 Ȑ6ȑ

ΟǵᔈҔനλ΋४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱

ᙯඤୖኧ

(4)

4

5 4 5

PV min : V L AX : min | V | P : V L AX : 2 ₂ 9 2 2 9 2 Ҟ኱ڄኧ ڄኧኳࠠ നλΒ४ݤ Ҟ኱ڄኧ ڄኧኳࠠ നλ΋४ݤ Ȑ8ȑ

3.3 ጕ܄ೕჄ

܌ᒏጕ܄ೕჄୢᚒǴ߯ࡰ൨פ؂΋ঁ،฼ ᡂኧޑ΋ঁ੝ۓߚॄϐॶǴЪӧ೭੝ۓှ΢Ǵ Ҟ኱ڄኧၲډཱུλॶǴ٠ӕਔᅈى܌Ԗޑऊ״ చҹ[10]Ƕ΋ঁ኱ྗࠠޑጕ܄ೕჄୢᚒǴԖ൳ ঁख़ाϡનǴх֖ 1 ঁҞ኱ڄኧǵn ঁ،฼ᡂ ኧǵm ঁጕ܄ऊ״చҹǴځϣ৒ӵΠԄǺ

(9) 0 x , , x , x b x a x a x a b x a x a x a b x a x a x a . t . s x c x c x c z min m n mn 2 2 m 1 1 m 2 n n 2 2 22 1 21 1 n n 1 2 12 1 11 n n 2 2 1 1 O 2 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 n 2 1

5

ύ

4

5

4

1 2 n

5

mn 1 m n 1 11 T n 2 1 T n 2 1 T b b b B a a a a A x x x x c c c C 0 x B Ax . t . s x C z min 2 G G G B ? H H H A ; 2 2 2 O 2 2

(10) (10)ԄύǴӚંତϣ৒ϩձࣁǺ(1) C ࣁ ሽ਱߯ኧӛໆǹ(2) x ࣁ،฼ᡂኧӛໆǹ(3) A ࣁऊ״߯ኧંତϷ(4) B ࣁѓᆄ໨߯ኧӛໆǶ ጕ܄ೕჄୢᚒǴࢂҞ኱ڄኧکऊ״చҹ೿ࢂጕ ܄ޑനᓬϯୢᚒǴ߯җӭచጕ܄ऊ״చҹϐޔ ጕ܌ൎԋޑ୔ୱǴΨ൩ࢂёՉୱǹ٠ाӧёՉ ୱύǴפډ಄ӝҞ኱ڄኧޑന٫ှǴԶന٫ှ ёૈပӧ೭٤ጕࢤҬΰ܌׎ԋޑഗᗺϐ΋ǶӢ ԜǴጕ܄ೕჄޑ୷ҁှᆉǴёᙁൂϩࣁаΠΟ ঁ؁ᡯ[10]ǺȐ1ȑӃפрёՉୱύ܌Ԗഗᗺǹ Ȑ2ȑीᆉ؂ঁഗᗺჹᔈڄኧॶȐΨ൩ࢂीᆉ Ҟ኱ڄኧ ϐॶȑϷȐ3ȑ࣬ϕКၨǴפр ڀ Ԗ ന λ ڄ ኧ ॶ Ȑ ȑ ޑ ഗ ᗺ Ƕ MATLAB ှ ، ጕ ܄ ೕ Ⴤ ୢ ᚒ ϐ ڄ ኧ ࣁ linprogǴ೸ၸԜ΋ڄኧջёჴ౜ጕ܄ೕჄϐှ ᆉ[6,8,11]Ƕ x CT min x CT _j Ԅ ύ Ǵ ࣁ ࡑ ዴ ۓ ޑ ، ฼ ᡂ ኧ ǹ ж߄،฼ᡂኧ࣬ჹᔈޑሽ਱߯ኧǹ ࣁ Ҟ ኱ ڄ ኧ Ƕ Զ ( )ࢂಃ i ঁጕ܄ऊ״చ ҹǴ૶ࣁ s.t.Ȑsubject toȑǹځύǴ ࣁऊ״߯ ኧǴ ࢂѓᆄ໨߯ኧ[11]Ƕ n 2 1,x , ,x x n c n 2 2x c c 9 9 9 2bi i21,, 2 1,c , , c 1 1x c z2

D

₂n 1 j j ijx a i b n x m ij

a

3.4 ှ،ጕ܄ೕჄύ،฼ᡂኧ໪ࣁ҅ॶϐ

Бݤ

Ӣጕ܄ೕჄύ،฼ᡂኧ໪ࣁ҅ॶǴӢ ԜǴ،฼ᡂኧ ё߄ҢࣁٿঁߚॄჴኧȐSlack VariablesǴආᡂኧȑ Ϸ [10]Ƕ ж߄،฼ ᡂኧࣁ҅ॶਔϐߚॄჴኧǴ ж߄،฼ᡂኧ ࣁॄॶਔϐߚॄჴኧǶځЬाᢀۺࣁǴऩॶࣁ ҅Ǵ߾ॄޑٗ΋೽ϩࣁ 0ǹऩॶࣁॄǴ߾҅ޑ ٗ΋೽ϩࣁ 0ǹӢԜǴԿϿԖ΋ঁॶࣁ 0Ƕ i x 9 i x x:i 9 i x : i x ΢ॊጕ܄ೕჄୢᚒǴёᙁϯࣁંତ׎ԄǴ ӵΠԄǺ

(5)

Ӣጕ܄ೕჄύǴ҂ޕኧȐ،฼ᡂኧȑѸ ໪ࣁ҅ॶxiO0ǶԶനλ΋४ݤϐڄኧኳࠠ : 9 : 9 : 9 : 9 9 2 : 2 O H A ; : O 2 H A ; O 2 k i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i x x x x x x 0 x , x otherwise , x 0 x if , 0 x otherwise , 0 0 x if , x x R x

(11) AX2 9L VύǴࡑ؃ϐᙯඤୖኧȐXȑϷූৡ ॶȐVȑǴ֡ࣁ҂ޕ҅ॄဦϐჴኧǶӢԜǴਥ Ᏽ(11)ԄǴз X ᆶ V ࣁٿঁߚॄჴኧϐৡǴV 0 V , V , V V X O 9 : : : 9 : 9 : : 9 ࣁٿঁߚॄჴኧϐکǶ X , X V | V | V V X X 2 2 2 : 9 9 V L AX Ȑ14ȑ ԄύǴR ж߄ჴኧǶऩ Ǵ߾ ǵ ǹ ӢԜǴ Ǵ 5 xi2 x 5 0 5: 2 2 : 5 i 2 9 _x ₀ i 2 : x x x_i2 _i9: _i 5 2 xi 2:5 5 0 x x_i _i i 2 : 2 : : 9 5 52 0 5 xi 2 9 9 : 9 x 0 x_i i 9 2 9 : 9 x xi 2 i ǹऩ Ǵ߾ ǵ ǹӢԜǴ Ǵ Ƕ 0 x_i9 2 5 x_i:2 x | x | _i 2 5 : 2 3.5.1.2 ஒനλ΋४ݤѳৡޑڄኧኳࠠᙯඤࣁ ጕ܄ೕჄޑऊ״చҹ ஒ ന λ ΋ ४ ݤ ѳ ৡ ϐ ڄ ኧ ኳ ࠠ 9 2 Ǵ ᙯ ඤ ࣁ ጕ ܄ ೕ Ⴤ ϐ ऊ ״ చ ҹ B AX2 ኳ Ԅ Ƕ २ Ӄ Ǵ ஒAX2L9V ᙯ ඤ ࣁ L V AX: 2 ǹ ฅ ࡕ Ǵ ஒ X2X9:X: Ϸ жΕ : 9_: 2V V V AX:V2LǴӵΠԄǺ

3.5 ճҔനλ΋४ݤ؃ှӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤୖ

ኧ

3.5.1ஒനλ΋४ݤ֤኱ᙯඤϯࣁጕ܄ೕჄ኱ ྗࠠ

4

5

[L] V V X X I I A A 2 G G G G B ? H H H H A ; : : : 9 : 9 Ȑ15ȑ (12) ԄϷ(13) ԄǴϩձж߄നλ΋४ݤ ֤኱ᙯඤϐڄኧኳࠠᆶҞ኱ڄኧǴаϷጕ܄ೕ Ⴤϐऊ״చҹϷҞ኱ڄኧǶऩा٬Ҕጕ܄ೕჄ Бݤ؃ှനλ΋४ݤǴ߾Ѹ໪ᒥൻΠӈ؁ᡯǴ ஒനλ΋४ݤޑ֤኱ᙯඤኳԄϯࣁጕ܄ೕჄ ޑኳԄ[6]Ƕ 3.5.1.3 ஒനλ΋४ݤѳৡޑҞ኱ڄኧᙯඤࣁ ጕ܄ೕჄޑҞ኱ڄኧ നλ΋४ݤѳৡǺ _ௗ๱ǴճҔ _{Ǵஒനλ΋४ݤ} ϐҞ኱ڄኧ : 9₉ 2V V | V |

4

P|V|

5

2minǴ߄Ңࣁጕ܄ೕჄϐҞ ኱ڄኧ ׎ԄǴӵȐ16ȑԄ܈Ȑ17ȑ ԄǶ min 2 x CT

4

P|V|

5

min : V L AX : 2 9 2 Ҟ኱ڄኧ ڄኧኳࠠ Ȑ12ȑ ጕ܄ೕჄǺ

4

5

min ] V V [ P | V | P | V | P x C T T T 2 9 2 2 2 : 9

(16) min x C : B Ax : T 2 2 Ҟ኱ڄኧ ऊ״చҹ Ȑ13ȑ 3.5.1.1ЇҔߚॄჴኧ

(6)

G G G G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H H H H A ; 2 G G G G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H H H H A ; 2 : 2 G G G G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H H H H A ; 2 G G G G G G G G G B ? H H H H H H H H H A ; 2 : 9 : 9 11 11 2 2 1 1 Y X Y X Y X V V V V V V 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 -0.0000 0.0005 -0.0005 V V V 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 V , 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 V (19)

4

5

min V V X X P P 0 0 x CT T T ₂ G G G G B ? H H H H A ; 2 : 9 : 9 (17) (15) ԄϷ(17) ԄǴ߾ϩձж߄നλ΋४ ݤ֤኱ᙯඤϐڄኧኳࠠϷҞ኱ڄኧǴ࿶ၸᙯඤ ࡕჹᔈጕ܄ೕჄޑऊ״చҹϷҞ኱ڄኧǶӢ ԜǴёа೸ၸጕ܄ೕჄԖᜢ೬ᡏǴӵ MATLAB ޑ linprog ڄኧ฻[6,8,11]ֹٰԋനλ΋४ݤޑ ѳৡीᆉǴǴ؃ள֤኱ᙯඤୖኧǶ 3.5.2നλ΋४ݤှᆉԋ݀ϐҢጄኧᏵ аനλ΋४ݤѤୖኧ֤኱ᙯඤࣁٯǴࢌ΋ ჴᡍ୔Ԗ 16 ᗺςޕ TWD67 Ϸ TWD97 ֤኱ޑ ӅӕᗺǴаځύޑ 11 ᗺࣁୖԵᗺǴीᆉ֤኱ ᙯඤୖኧǴीᆉਔଷ೛ P ࣁൂՏ៾ંତǶҗ(5) ԄϷୖԵᗺޑ TWD67 Ϸ TWD97 ֤኱Ǵё، ۓ A ંତϷ L ӛໆϣ৒ǹӆҗ(15)ԄϷ(17) ԄǴዴۓጕ܄ೕჄ܌ሡޑ A ંତϷ xǵB Ϸ C ฻ӛໆϣ৒Ƕ

ѤǵჴᡍБݤ

4.1 ჴᡍ୔ၗ਑

4.1.1 ኳᔕၗ਑ Ӄኳᔕ΋ಔ TWD67 Ӧᝤ֤኱Ǵӆ٩Ѥୖ ኧᙯඤБݤǴ๏ϒ TWD67 س಍࣬ᔈޑ֤኱ᙯ ඤୖኧǴ຾Զᙯඤࣁჹᔈϐ TWD97 Ӧᝤ֤኱ ॶǶճҔ೭٤ӕਔڀԖ TWD67 ᆶ TWD97 ֤ ኱ϐᗺՏၗ਑ǴբࣁӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤϐӅӕᗺǶ а MATLAB ޑ linprog ڄኧǴჴࡼനλ΋ ४ݤѤୖኧ֤኱ᙯඤǴځᒡрϐှӵ(15)ԄϷ (17)Ԅϐ x ܌ҢǴ໩ׇࣁ ǵ ǵ Ϸ Ƕ ਥᏵȐ14ȑԄǴ ࣁѤঁᙯඤୖኧȐaǵ bǵcǵdȑǴV ࣁӚᗺՏᙯඤࡕ֤኱ᕵǵ ᐉБӛϐූৡॶȐԜೀൂՏࣁϦЁȑǴ᏾౛ࡕ ԋ݀ӵȐ18ȑԄǵȐ19ȑԄ܌ҢǶ 9 X : : X V9 V: 9_: 2X X X : 9_{: V} V 2 TWD67Ӧᝤ֤኱ϐኳᔕБݤӵΠǺ (1) ଷ೛Ԗ΋ঁೕ߾ᆛ਱Ǵځচᗺޑ ᕵǵᐉጕ֤኱ȐE, NȑࣁȐ500 m, 500 mȑǴ؂΋ᆛ਱ϐߏǵቨӚࣁ 100 mǹ EϷ N БӛǴӚԖ 6 ঁᆛ਱ᗺǴӄ ୔ӅԖ 36 ᗺǶ G G G G B ? H H H H A ; 2 G G G G B ? H H H H A ; 2 : 2 G G G G B ? H H H H A ; 2 G G G G B ? H H H H A ; 2 : 9 : 9 d c b a 190.051532 -829.102516 0.000205 1.000016 X X X 3 1177.70966 3 2634.60423 148.282077 143.236778 X , 987.658131 9 3463.70674 148.282282 144.236794 X (18) (2) ٬Ҕ MATLAB ޑ randn ࡰз[11]Ǵ уΕ኱ྗதᄊϩթޑᒿᐒ໶ኧܭ΢ ॊ܌ኳᔕӚᗺϐ TWD67ȐE, Nȑ֤ ኱բࣁଽฅᇤৡǶ (3) ௗ๱ǴਥᏵѤୖኧᙯඤБݤǴ๏ϒ ࣬ᔈޑᙯඤୖኧ[12]ȐӵȐ18ȑԄϐ Xӛໆϣ৒ȑǴճҔȐ2ȑԄஒ TWD67

(7)

ᑈऊࣁ ϦഘȐ Ӧᝤ֤኱ᙯඤԿ TWD97 Ӧᝤ֤኱Ƕ Ӣ Ԝ Ǵ ኳ ᔕ ჴ ᡍ ୔ ࣁ 36 ᗺ ӕ ਔ ڀ Ԗ TWD67 ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱ޑ௓ڋᗺ܌ಔԋǴय़ 25 500 m 500 m 24 ᗺբࣁୖԵᗺǴځᎩ 12 ᗺࣁᔠਡᗺǴϩѲ௃ ׎ӵკ 2 ϐ΢კ܌ҢǶୖԵᗺǴୖᆶѤୖኧ֤ ኱ᙯඤǴаߡᕇڗ၀ჴᡍ୔ޑᙯඤୖኧǹᔠਡ ᗺǴόୖᆶ֤኱ᙯඤǴёҔаຑ՗֤኱ᙯඤᆒ ࡋǶჴᡍ୔܌уΕޑଽฅᇤৡ಍ीၗ਑Ǵӵ߄ 1܌ҢǶ ȑǹவύᒧڗ 4.1.2. ੿ჴၗ਑ ੿ჴၗ਑Ǵ௦Ҕচᆵύѱ୔ၗ਑Ǵय़ᑈऊ ࣁ 6,188 ϦഘȐ9,100 m 6,800 mȑǴ୔ୱϣӅ ᗺӕਔԖ ᒧڗ 30 ԵᗺǴќ 16ᗺࣁᔠਡᗺǴᗺ ՏϩѲӵკ 2 ϐΠკ܌ҢǶ

4.2 ჴᡍБݤ

Ԗ 46 TWD67ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱ǹவύ ᗺࣁୖ Ѧ Бݤ БݤǴஒ TWD67 ֤኱ ᙯඤࣁ TWD97 ֤኱Ǵ٠ϩձ௦Ҕ฻៾നλ΋ ४ݤȐ ࣬྽ኧໆޑୖԵ ᗺǴаዴߥᙯඤϐᆒࡋǹќ΋Бय़Ǵҭሡाى ୼ޑ ਡ ᗺ ϐ TWD67 ֤ ኱ ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱ǴନΑ֖ԖଽฅᇤৡϐѦǴ٠ኳ ᔕΠ ৡǶ ֤ 4.2.1 ჹ؂΋ঁୖԵᗺȐ܈ ᔠਡᗺȑޑᕵǵᐉጕ֤኱ȐE, NȑǴϩձуΕ Бݤ ֤኱ᙯඤБݤ࣬ӕǶ 4.2.2 Кٯࣁ 2Ǻ1 চ ߾Ǵ46 ᗺ௓ڋᗺǴᒧڗ 30 ᗺࣁୖԵᗺǴځᎩ 16 4.2.1 ኳᔕၗ਑ 4.2.1.1֤኱ᙯඤ аѤୖኧ֤኱ᙯඤ а LAD4 ж߄ϐȑϷ฻៾നλΒ४ݤȐа LS4 ж߄ϐȑѳৡȐȐ8ȑԄޑ P=IǴI ࣁൂՏ ંତȑǴှᆉ֤኱ᙯඤୖኧǶ 4.2.1.2ୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺኧໆ Ӧᝤ֤኱ᙯඤਔǴᔈڀഢ ᔠਡᗺǴБёԖਏຑ՗ᙯඤϐᆒࡋǶ࿶ၸ ჴᡍ᛾ჴǴୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺኧໆКٯࣁ 2Ǻ1 ਔǴё಄ӝ΢ॊा؃[13]ǶӢԜǴਥᏵԜ 2Ǻ1 চ߾Ǵ36 ᗺኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵவύᒧڗ 24 ᗺࣁୖ ԵᗺǴځᎩ 12 ᗺࣁᔠਡᗺǶ 4.2.1.3ಉৡኳᔕ ୖ Ե ᗺ ᆶ ᔠ ӈёૈ֖Ԗಉৡޑރݩ[13]Ǻ i. ୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱֖ԖಉৡǶ ii. ୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱֖Ԗಉ iii. ୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ኱Ǵӕਔ֖ԖಉৡǶ iv. ୖԵᗺکᔠਡᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱Ǵӕਔ ֖ԖಉৡǶ .4ಉৡኧໆޑۓက уΕಉৡޑБԄǴ߯ ελό฻ޑಉৡǹٯӵӧ 36 ᗺኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵ х֖ 24 ᗺୖԵᗺȐׇဦ 1~24ȑϷ 12 ᗺᔠਡ ᗺȐׇဦ 25~36ȑǹӢԜǴ24 ᗺୖԵᗺǴӅԖ 48ঁȐE, NȑॶǶӵ݀Ǵӧׇဦ 1 ޑ E ֤኱ ύуΕಉৡǴ߾߄ҢԖ 1 ঁಉৡǹฅࡕǴΞӧ ׇဦ 3 ޑȐE, Nȑ֤኱ύӕਔуΕಉৡǴ߾߄ ҢԖ 3 ঁಉৡǴаԜᜪ௢Ƕ 4.2.2੿ჴၗ਑ 4.2.2.1֤኱ᙯඤ ᆶ΢ॊኳᔕၗ਑ϐ .2ୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺኧໆ ਥᏵୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺኧໆ ᗺࣁᔠਡᗺǶ

(8)

߄ 1. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔֤኱ᗺύуΕޑଽฅᇤৡ಍ीၗ਑߄ ֤኱Бӛ ѳ֡ॶȐcmȑ ύᇤৡȐcmȑ നεॶȐcmȑ നλॶȐcmȑ E -0.06 ±1.51 2.96 -3.01 N +0.26 ±1.90 3.86 -3.81 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 36溆㧉㒔⮎槿⋨ TWD 67 E(m) TW D 6 7 N (m ) 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.2 2.21 2.679x 10 6 2.678 2.677 2.676 2.675 2.674 2.673 2.672 2.671 ⎘ ᷕ ⶪ ⮎ 槿 ⋨ TWD 67 E(m) T W D 6 7 N( m ) 2.22 x 105 კ 2. ჴᡍ୔ᗺՏҢཀკǴ΢კࣁኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴΠკࣁѠύѱჴᡍ୔ǴკύǴȨoȩϷȨxȩϩձж߄Ȩୖ ԵᗺȩϷȨᔠਡᗺȩǶ

4.3 ֤኱ᙯඤԋ݀ᆒࡋϩ݋

4.3.1 ୖԵᗺ೽ϩ Ьाࢂϩ݋؂΋ୖԵᗺ࿶ၸ֤኱ᙯඤࡕ ϐූৡǴҔаղᘐ LAD4 ᆶ LS4 ჹୖԵᗺё ૈ֖Ԗಉৡޑᛙ଼܄ǶҗܭǴࢂஒ TWD67 ֤ ኱ᙯඤࣁ TWD97 ֤኱ǹӢԜǴԜೀ܌ᒏޑූ ৡǴж߄ޑࢂ؂΋ୖԵᗺǴ࿶ၸ֤኱ᙯඤࡕ TWD97 ֤኱ϐූৡǶа Ϸ Ǵϩձж߄ ځӧ E Ϸ N БӛϐූৡǶ E V VN 4.3.2 ᔠਡᗺ೽ϩ ЬाࢂКၨᔠਡᗺޑςޕ TWD97 ֤኱Ǵ ᆶ җ LAD4 ܈ LS4 ֤ ኱ ᙯ ඤ ࡕ ܌ ௢ ՗ ޑ TWD97 ֤኱Ǵӧ EǵN Бӛޑৡ౦ໆǴ٠ճ ҔаΠ಍ीୖኧǴаຑ՗֤኱ᙯඤᆒࡋǶԖᜢ ಍ीୖኧӵEEǵENǵEPǵ ǵ Ϸ ฻ޑ ۓကӵΠǺ E b bN bP

(9)

n P P P n N N N n E E E 2 i 2 i i estimated i known i i estimated i known i i n 1 i i i n 1 i i i n 1 i i i N E P N N N E E E D 2 b D 2 b D 2 b E 9 E 2 E : 2 E : 2 E 2 2 2 E 3 E E 3 E E 3 E

炷20炸 ԄύǴn ࣁᔠਡᗺኧໆǹ

\

known

^

Ǵࣁ i known i ,N E ಃ i ঁᔠਡᗺϐςޕ TWD97 ᕵǵᐉጕ֤኱ǹ

\

estimated

^

i estimated i ,N E ǴࣁճҔҗ LAD4 ܈ LS4 ֤኱ ᙯඤ܌௢՗ޑ TWD97 ᕵǵᐉጕ֤኱ǹEEǵ N E ǵEPϩձж߄ᔠਡᗺޑᐉ֤኱ৡǵᕵ֤኱ ৡᆶՏ࿼ᇤৡǹbEǵbNϷbPǴϩձж߄܌Ԗ E

E ǵENǵEPޑ֡Бਥᇤৡ(Root Mean Square

Error, RMSE)Ƕ

ϖǵჴᡍԋ݀ᆶ૸ፕ

5.1 ኳᔕၗ਑

5.1.1ୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱֖Ԗಉৡޑރݩ ӧୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ύуΕಉৡǴҭ ջܭȐ5ȑԄϐ A ંତύޑȐx,yȑуΕಉৡϐ ཀǶ٩ׇӧ 11 ঁୖԵᗺϐ E Ϸ N БӛǴ೴ԛ у Ε 1 ७ ɴ 10 ७ ޑ ύ ᇤ ৡ ȐSE2l1.50cmǵSN 2l1.90cm SE SN TWD67 4 TWD67 ֤኱ ǴځύǴ Ϸ ϩձж߄ E Ϸ N Бӛޑύᇤৡȑ[12]Ϸ 1 m ޑ ಉৡǴӄ୔ӅԖ 22 ঁಉৡǴӵ߄ 2 ܌Ң[13]Ƕ 5.1.1.1ୖԵᗺ೽ϩ Ӣ ෳ ၂ ၗ ਑ ᕷ ӭ Ǵ ࡺ ໻ а ୖ Ե ᗺ ϐ TWD67 ֤኱ύ֖Ԗ 10 ঁϷ 20 ঁಉৡϐ௃ ׎Ǵஒ೽ϩୖԵᗺȐׇဦ 5~16ȑ࿶ LAD4 ܈ LS4ѳৡࡕϐූৡǴӈܭ߄ 3Ƕӧ߄ 3 ύǴӷ ᡏу໵ޑኧॶж߄уΕಉৡޑ EǵN Տ࿼Ǵа ߡᆶ߄ 2 ኧᏵჹྣ᎙᠐Ƕ வ߄ 3 ԋ݀ёـǺȐ1ȑӧ LS4 Бय़Ǵࢌ ΋ୖԵᗺऩ֖ԖಉৡǴ၀ಉৡό཮ֹӄϸࢀӧ ၀ᗺޑූৡ΢ǴԶ཮໺ኞډځд҂֖ಉৡޑୖ Եᗺ΢Ƕ܌аǴவୖԵᗺޑූৡǴࡐᜤղᘐ֖ ԖಉৡޑᗺՏǶȐ2ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़Ǵࢌ΋ୖԵ ᗺऩ֖ԖಉৡǴ၀ಉৡ൳Яֹӄϸࢀӧ၀ᗺޑ ූৡ΢ǶӢԜǴёаவୖԵᗺޑූৡǴࡐ৒ܰ 5.1.1.2ᔠਡᗺ೽ϩ ߄ 4 ܌ҢǴࣁኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺϐ ֤ ኱ у Ε ό ӕ ኧ ໆ ಉ ৡ ࡕ Ǵ ٬ Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNϷbPԋ ݀߄Ƕவ߄ ԋ݀ёـǺȐ1ȑӧ LS Бय़Ǵ ܭୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱уΕόӕኧໆಉৡ ࡕǴ֤኱ᙯ bEǵbNǵbPȑǴᒿ๱ ಉৡኧໆޑቚуԶ೴ᅌ ৡǹ ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़ǴܭуΕ 20 ঁಉৡ߻Ǵ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋ ࣣᆶό֖ಉৡޑ௃ݩᜪ՟ȐbPࣣᆢ࡭ӧ 0.08 cmаΠȑǶ 5.1.1.3λ่ 4 ඤޑᆒࡋȐ ᡂ Ȑ2 ਥᏵа΢ԋ݀ёޕǴܭୖԵᗺϐ уΕόӕኧໆಉৡࡕǴԖᜢ LAD4 Ϸ LS4 ޑ੝܄ᕴ่ӵΠ:Ȑ1ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़ǴҗୖԵ ᗺޑූৡVEǵVNёаղᘐр֖ಉৡϐᗺՏᆶ ಉৡໆǹќ΋Бय़Ǵ྽ಉৡኧໆϿܭ 21 ঁϐ ߻ǴᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNǵbPᆶୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ό֖ಉৡਔ࣬྽ǹඤقϐǴԜਔ LAD4 ܌՗ीޑ֤኱ᙯඤୖኧࢂᛙ଼ޑǶȐ2ȑӧ LS4 Бय़ǴҗୖԵᗺޑූৡVEǵVNόܰղᘐр֖ ಉৡϐᗺՏᆶಉৡໆǹќ Б Ǵ྽уΕޑಉ ৡኧໆຫӭǴ߾ᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNǵbPॶޑε ΋ य़

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ඤୖኧࢂόᛙ ջܭȐ5ȑԄϐ L ӛໆύޑȐX,YȑуΕಉৡ ϐཀ .1 6܌ҢǴࣁ ᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵܭ 6 ঁୖԵᗺ ֤኱ύуಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LAD4ǵLS4 ѳৡ 5.1.2.2ᔠਡᗺ೽ϩ 7 ܌ҢǴࣁኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ৡਔ Ԝਔ LS4 ܌՗ीޑ֤኱ᙯ ଼ޑǶ 5.1.2ୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱֖Ԗಉৡޑރݩ ӧୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱ύуΕಉৡǴҭ Ƕ٩ྣ໩ׇϩձӧୖԵᗺׇဦ 1 ϐ N ֤ ኱уΕ 2 cm ޑಉৡǵӧׇဦ 7 ϐ N ֤኱у 5 cm ޑಉৡǵӧׇဦ 2 ϐ E ֤኱у-0.5 cm ޑಉৡǵ ӧׇဦ 3 ϐ E ֤኱у-0.6 cm ޑಉৡǵӧׇဦ 22ϐ E ֤኱у 9 cm ޑಉৡаϷӧׇဦ 4 ϐ N ֤኱у 30 cm ޑಉৡǴ၁ӵ߄ 5 ܌Ң[13]Ƕ 5.1.2 ୖԵᗺ೽ϩ ߄ ኳ ϐ TWD97 Ǵ೽ϩୖԵᗺϐVEǵVNԋ݀߄Ƕவ߄ 6 ԋ݀ёـǺȐ1ȑӧ LS4 Бय़Ǵࢌ΋ୖԵᗺऩ ֖ԖಉৡǴ၀ಉৡό཮ֹӄϸࢀӧ၀ᗺޑූৡ ΢ǴԶ཮໺ኞډځд҂֖ಉৡޑୖԵᗺ΢Ƕ܌ аǴவୖԵᗺޑූৡǴࡐᜤղᘐ֖Ԗಉৡޑᗺ ՏǶȐ2ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़Ǵࢌ΋ୖԵᗺऩ֖Ԗಉ ৡǴ၀ಉৡ൳Яֹӄϸࢀӧ၀ᗺޑූৡ΢ ȐຏǺԜਔǴಉৡᆶූৡϐελᜪ՟Ǵՠࢂ಄ ဦ࣬ϸȑǶӢԜǴёаவୖԵᗺޑූৡǴࡐ৒ ܰղᘐ֖ԖಉৡޑᗺՏǶ ߄ ֤ ኱ у Ε ό ӕ ኧ ໆ ಉ ৡ ࡕ Ǵ ٬ Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNǵbPԋ ݀߄Ƕவ߄ 7 ԋ݀ёـǺȐ1ȑό֖ಉ ௦ Ҕ LS4 Ϸ LAD4 ѳৡǴ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋ൳Я ΋ኬǶȐ2ȑӧ LS4 Бय़ǴܭୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱уΕόӕኧໆಉৡࡕǴ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋ ȐbEǵ N Ǵ b ǵbPȑǴᒿ๱ಉৡኧໆޑቚуԶ೴ ᅌᡂৡǹȐ ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़ǴܭуΕ 1~6 ঁಉ ৡࡕǴ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋࣣᆶό֖ಉৡޑ௃ݩᜪ ՟ȐbPࣣᆢ࡭ӧ 0.07 cm аΠȑǶ 3 5.1.2.3λ่ Ᏽа΢ԋ݀ёޕǴ྽ಉৡуӧୖԵᗺϐ TWD ߄ 2. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵܭ 11 ঁୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱уΕ 22 ঁಉৡϐҢཀ߄ ୖԵᗺ 11 ਥ 97֤኱ਔǴԖᜢ LAD4 Ϸ LS4 ޑ੝܄ᆶ 5.1.1.3࿯ޑ่ፕᜪ՟Ƕ୤΋ाݙཀޑࢂǴӧୖ Եᗺޑ TWD97 ֤኱ύᆶ TWD67 ֤኱ύуΕ ಉৡǴ܌ϸࢀӧୖԵᗺ TWD97 ֤኱ූৡॶޑ ҅ॄဦ཮࣬ϸȐፎୖԵ߄ 3 Ϸ߄ 6 ޑԋ݀ȑǶ ׇဦ 1 3 5 7 9 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 1.90 3.80 7.60 9.50 11.40 14.40 ୖԵᗺׇဦ 13 15 17 19 21 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 10.50 12.00 13.50 15.00 100.00 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 16.80 19.00 21.60 24.00 100.00.

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߄ 3. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱уΕ 10 ঁ܈ 20 ঁಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴ೽ϩୖ ԵᗺȐׇဦ 5~16ȑϐVEǵVNԋ݀߄ ୖԵᗺ ׇဦ LS4 LAD4 у 10 ঁಉৡ у 20 ঁಉৡ у 10 ঁಉৡ у 20 ঁಉৡ E V (cm) VN(cm) (cm)VE VN(cm) VE(cm) VN(cm) (cm) (cm)VE VN 5 2.57 4.78 -4.25 -2.82 4.49 7.18 4.46 7.14 6 -1.02 -1.83 -7.15 -7.02 -0.01 0.02 -0.02 0.00 7 3.91 6.43 -2.04 -2.72 6.01 9.55 5.98 9.50 8 -1.18 -2.58 -6.45 -9.32 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.04 9 6.16 8.67 1.76 0.39 7.53 11.97 7.52 11.92 10 -2.01 -4.33 -5.88 -15.36 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.10 11 8.31 10.91 5.46 3.50 8.95 14.40 8.96 14.34 12 0.22 -2.91 -1.95 -7.90 -0.04 0.04 -0.02 0.00 13 7.41 14.30 -1.29 4.62 10.51 16.79 10.46 16.74 14 -1.26 -1.42 -8.60 -6.27 0.02 -0.02 0.00 -0.04 15 -0.51 -1.59 5.69 13.64 0.04 0.00 12.04 19.18 16 -2.60 -3.41 -8.89 -13.77 -0.05 -0.02 -0.08 -0.08 ߄ 4. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱уΕόӕኧໆಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴᔠਡᗺϐbEǵ b ǵ b ԋ݀߄N P E b N ಉৡኧໆ Ȑcmȑ b Ȑcmȑ bPȐcmȑ

LS4 LAD4 LS4 LAD4 LS4 LAD4

0 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 2 0.21 0.03 0.30 0.05 0.36 0.06 4 0.53 0.03 0.67 0.05 0.85 0.06 6 0.87 0.05 1.25 0.03 1.52 0.06 8 1.33 0.06 1.94 0.04 2.35 0.08 10 1.77 0.07 2.72 0.04 3.24 0.08 12 1.99 0.06 3.30 0.04 3.85 0.08 14 2.73 0.00 4.33 0.06 5.11 0.06 16 3.33 0.03 5.20 0.06 6.17 0.06 18 7.97 0.06 9.82 0.04 12.64 0.07 20 8.07 0.06 10.08 0.06 12.91 0.08 21 8.43 0.12 10.11 0.07 13.16 0.14 22 8.48 3.59 10.46 3.49 13.46 5.01

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߄ 5. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵܭ 6 ঁୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱ύуΕಉৡҢཀ߄ ୖԵᗺׇဦ 1 2 3 4 7 22 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0.00 -0.50 -0.60 0.00 0.00 9.00 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 2.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 5.00 0.00 ߄ 6. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵܭ 6 ঁୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱ύуΕಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴ೽ϩୖԵᗺϐVEǵ VNԋ݀߄ ୖԵᗺׇဦ LS4 LAD4 E V (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) VN VE VN 1 -1.06 0.60 -0.05 -1.94 2 0.38 2.67 0.45 0.00 3 1.95 2.89 0.61 0.01 4 0.44 -27.71 -0.02 -29.98 5 0.06 1.73 -0.01 -0.01 6 1.00 1.91 0.00 0.04 7 -0.32 -3.82 0.01 -5.03 21 -0.36 1.70 0.04 0.02 22 -7.44 1.43 -8.98 -0.05 23 1.17 0.97 0.04 0.03 ߄ 7. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺϐ TWD97 ֤኱уΕόӕኧໆಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴᔠਡᗺϐbEǵ bNǵbPԋ݀߄ E b Ȑcmȑ bNȐcmȑ ಉৡኧໆ bPȐcmȑ

0 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1 0.09 0.00 0.10 0.05 0.13 0.05 2 0.16 0.00 0.17 0.05 0.23 0.05 3 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.05 0.22 0.05 4 0.12 0.03 0.14 0.05 0.19 0.05 5 0.26 0.05 0.30 0.05 0.40 0.07 6 0.76 0.05 0.87 0.05 1.16 0.07 5.1.3 ୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱ ӕਔ֖Ԗಉৡޑރݩ ҁ࿯ϐჴᡍၗ਑ϩࣁٿᅿރݩȘ13șǺ (1) ӧ 9 ঁୖԵᗺՏ΢Ǵϩձӧ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱΢Ǵу΢όӕϐಉ ৡॶȐаރݩ΋ж߄ϐȑǴӵ߄ 8 ܌ҢǶ

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ӧ 7 ঁୖԵᗺՏ΢Ǵӕਔӧ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱΢Ǵу΢ϐಉৡ ȐаރݩΒж߄ϐȑǴӵ߄ 9 ܌Ңǹӧ ԜރݩǴኳᔕࢌ٤ୖԵᗺǴӵׇဦ 3 ϐ TWD67 ᆶ TWD97 ϐ E ֤኱ࣣ֖Ԗ ελ࣬ӕǴՠࢂ಄ဦ࣬ϸޑಉৡǹ܈ ӵׇဦ 9 ϐ TWD67 ᆶ TWD97 ϐ N ֤ ኱ࣣ֖Ԗελ࣬ӕǴԶЪ಄ဦ࣬ӕޑ ಉৡǶ

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5.1.3.1ୖԵᗺ೽ϩ ԋ݀߄Ƕவ߄ ԋ݀ёـǺȐ ȑރ Ǵ ϩୖԵᗺϐ ǵ ߄౜੝܄Ǻа Ǵׇဦ 3 Ǵ߾Ӣуܭ TWD6 TWD97 E֤ ձࣁ 5.00 cm ᆶ .02 cm Ǵ߾ ᆶ TWD97 E ࣁ ځ೷ԋচӢǴፎୖԵ 2࿯ᇥܴ Ȑ ȑӧ 4Бय़ǴӧٿᅿރݩǴځ੝܄ᆶಉ ᐱ Ԗ 5.1.3.2ᔠਡᗺ೽ϩ ୔ǴӧୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ ֤኱ύуΕಉৡǴ12 ᗺᔠਡᗺϐbEǵ N ߄ 10 ܌ҢǴࣁኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴӧόӕୖԵ ᗺՏ΢Ǵӕਔܭ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱ ΢Ǵу΢όӕϐಉৡॶǴܭ೽ϩୖԵᗺϐ ǵ 10 1 E 7 ᆶ -5.00 cmǴ೷ԋV_Eॶࣁ 00 cmǹׇဦ 9 ϐ

V

_NǴ ߾Ӣуܭ TWD67 ᆶ TWD97 N ֤኱ϐಉৡࣣ ࣁ-8.00 cm

V

_Nॶࣁ-0 ǹׇဦ ಉৡϩձࣁ 10.00 cm ᆶ 5.00 cmǴ೷ԋVEॶ 4.95 cmȐ 5.1. ȑ 2 LS ৡൂ уӧ TWD67 ֤኱܈ TWD97 ֤኱ਔᜪ ՟Ǵ܌аǴவୖԵᗺޑූৡǴࡐᜤղᘐ֖ ಉ ৡޑᗺՏǶȐ3ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़Ǵӧރݩ΋Ǵځ ੝܄ᆶಉৡൂᐱуӧ TWD67 ֤኱܈ TWD97 ֤኱ਔᜪ՟ǹਥᏵୖԵᗺϐූৡॶǴࣣёղ᛽ р܌уΕϐಉৡՏ࿼ᆶ࣬ᔈޑಉৡॶǶӧރݩ ΒǴନΑᜪ՟ׇဦ 9 ᆶ 16 ϐಉৡ܄፦ϐѦǴ ځ੝܄ᆶރݩ΋ᜪ՟Ƕ E V ݩΒ LAD4 16 ֤኱ϐ N

V

೽ ࣁٯ ϐV E V ϐ ኱ϐಉ ԋ N

V

ৡϩ 10. TWD67 V Ǵ೷ Ӣуܭ E ኳᔕჴᡍ TWD97 b ǵbPԋ݀߄Ǵӵ߄ 11 ܌ҢǶவ߄ 11 ԋ݀ ёـǺȐ1ȑό֖ಉৡਔǴ௦Ҕ LS4 Ϸ LAD4 Ǵ ኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋ൳Я΋ኬǶȐ2ȑӧ LS4 Бय़ǴӧٿᅿރݩΠǴѝाӧୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ܈ TWD97 ֤኱уΕόӕኧໆಉৡࡕǴ֤኱ᙯ ඤޑᆒࡋȐbEǵ N ѳৡ ֤ b ǵbPȑǴᒿ๱ಉৡኧໆޑ ቚуԶ೴ᅌᡂৡǹȐ3ȑӧ LAD4 Бय़Ǵόᆅӧ ރݩ΋܈ΒǴ ᙯඤ ᆒࡋࣣᆶό֖ಉৡ ޑ௃ݩᜪ՟ȐbPࣣᆢ࡭ӧ 0.09 cm аΠȑǶჹ ྣ߄ 9 Ϸ߄ 10 ϣ৒ǴаୖԵᗺׇဦ 9 ࣁٯǴ ӧځ TWD67 Ϸ TWD97 ϐ N ֤኱ǴӕਔуΕ -8.00 cmޑಉৡϐࡕǹҗܭځූৡᡂளࡐλǴ ӢԜǴคݤղᘐ၀ᗺёૈԖಉৡǹջ٬ӵԜǴ LAD4ޑᙯඤԋ݀όڙ၀ಉৡቹៜǴϝฅߥԖ ࡐӳޑ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋǶ ځ֤኱ ޑ D67֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱΢Ǵу΢όӕϐಉৡॶϐҢ ཀ߄Ȑރݩ΋ȑ ߄ 8. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵӧ 9 ঁୖԵᗺՏ΢Ǵϩձӧ TW ୖԵᗺׇဦ 3 5 9 10 13 TWD67 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 5.00 0 0 0 -10.00 TWD67 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 0 -8.00 0 0 TWD97 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 0 0 5.00 0 TWD97 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 -25.00 0 0 0 ୖԵᗺׇဦ 16 19 22 24 TWD67 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 0 0 20 0.0 TWD67 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 15.00 0 0 TWD97 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 5.00 0 0 0 TWD97 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) -1.00 0 10 0 .0 0

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߄ 9. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵӧ 9 ঁୖԵᗺՏ΢Ǵӕਔӧ ኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱΢Ǵу΢ϐಉৡॶϐҢཀ߄ ȐރݩΒȑ TWD67֤ ୖԵᗺׇဦ 3 5 9 16 TWD67 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 5.00 0 0 10.00 TWD67 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 0 -8.00 0 TWD97 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) -5.00 0 0 5.00 TWD97 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 -25.00 -8.00 0 ୖԵᗺׇဦ 19 22 24 TWD67 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 0 20.00 TWD67 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 0 0 TWD97 E֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 15 0.0 0 0 TWD97 N֤኱ϐಉৡ(cm) 0 10.00 0 ߄ ᗺՏ΢Ǵӕਔܭ TWD67 ֤኱ D97֤኱΢ ϐಉ Ǵ٬ Ҕ LS4ǵLAD4 ѳৡǴܭ೽ϩୖԵᗺϐVEǵVNԋ݀߄ 10. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴӧόӕୖԵ ᆶ TW Ǵу΢όӕ ৡॶ ރݩ΋ ރݩΒ ୖԵᗺׇဦ LS4 L D4 A LS4 LAD4 E V (cm) VE(cm) VN(cm) VN(cm) VE(cm) VE(cm) VN(cm) VN(cm) 3 3.26 4.99-2.81 -0.02 7.86 10.0-1.85 0 -0.01 5 0.16 23.72 0.00 24.97 -1.34 23.60 -0.01 24.98 9 0.08 -7.92 0.05 -8.01 -1.26 -0.88 0.02 -0.02 10 -3.66 0.89 -4.97 0.00 -0.76 -0.65 -0.01 0.00 13 -8.39 -1.83 -9.96 -0.03 -0.81 -1.68 0.02 0.00 16 -3.57 0.54 -5.02 0.99 4.16 -1.16 4.95 0.00 19 -0.39 12.27 0.00 14.94 -1.63 13.08 0.00 14.95 22 -1.92 -10.82 0.01 -10.05 -2.08 -11.13 0.00 -10.07 24 20.61 0.81 19.97 -0.02 18.93 -0.66 19.94 -0.03 ߄ 11 ჴᡍ୔ Եᗺ D6 TW ኱ύ ৡǴ 4ǵ ѳৡ ᔠਡᗺϐ ԋ݀߄ . ኳᔕ Ǵӧୖ ϐ TW 7֤኱ᆶ D97֤ уΕಉ ٬Ҕ LS LAD4 Ǵ12 ᗺ E b ǵb ǵN bP ಉৡኧໆ bEȐcmȑ bNȐcmȑ bPȐcmȑ

LS LAD4 4 LS4 LAD4 LS4 LAD4

0 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 10Ȑރݩ΋ȑ 1.08 0.07 1.48 0.06 1.84 0.09 10ȐރݩΒȑ 1.51 0.04 1.27 0.08 1.98 0.09 5.1.4 ୖԵᗺکᔠਡᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ӕਔ֖ Ԗಉৡޑރݩ ӧ 12 ᗺᔠਡᗺȐׇဦࣁ 25~36ȑϐ TWD67 ֤኱ύǴኳᔕΟᅿёૈр౜ಉৡޑ௃ݩǺȐ1ȑ у 1 ঁಉৡȐܭׇဦ 25 ϐ E ֤኱ύу 100.00

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ǴȐ2ȑу 2 ঁಉৡ 25ϐ E ဦ 29 ϐ N ֤኱ύ у 100.00 cm Ϸ 7.00 cm ޑಉৡȑϷȐ3ȑу 3 ঁಉৡȐܭ ׇဦ D67 ֤኱ύуΕ΢ॊ 1~3 5.1.4.1ރݩ A ǵ ԋ݀߄ǶፎݙཀǺҗܭځ ǵ ࣣᖿ߈ܭ 0.00 ԋ݀҂ӈрǶ җ߄ cmಉৡȑ Ȑܭׇဦ ֤኱Ϸׇ Ǵϩձ 25ϐ E ֤኱ǵׇဦ 29 ϐ N ֤኱Ϸׇဦ 33ϐ E ֤኱ύǴϩձу 100.00 cmǵ7.00 cm Ϸ-9.00 cm ޑಉৡȑǶ ќѦǴ٩ᏵୖԵᗺၗ਑ԖคᒱᇤǴ೛ۓٿ ᅿރݩǺȐAȑୖԵᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ᆶ TWD97 ֤኱ࣣό֖ಉৡǴѝӧᔠਡᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ ၗ਑ύуΕ΢ॊ 1~3 ঁಉৡǴȐBȑୖԵᗺ TWD67֤኱Ԗ 20 ঁಉৡȐፎୖԵ 5.1.1 ࿯܌ ॊȑǴ٠ӧᔠਡᗺϐ TW ঁಉৡǶ ߄ 12 ܌ҢǴࣁኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵѝӧኧঁᔠ ਡᗺȐׇဦ 25ǵׇဦ 29 Ϸׇဦ 33ȑϐ TWD67 ֤኱ύуಉৡǴ٬Ҕ LS4 ܈ LAD4 ѳৡࡕǴ ၀ᔠਡᗺϐEE EN ӧ дό֖ಉৡᔠਡᗺϐ cmǴࡺ၀฻ᔠਡᗺϐ E E E E N E ǵEN 12 ё࣮рǴ྽ୖԵᗺ TWD67 ֤኱คಉ ৡਔǴᔠਡᗺ TWD67 ֤኱уΕಉৡਔǴόᆅ Ҕ LS4 ܈ LAD4 ѳৡБݤǴ֖ಉৡϐᗺՏǴ ځᗺՏکಉৡ Ǵ ᔠਡᗺϐॶ EEǵENॶύ֡ Ԗ߄౜рٰǶԶԜჴᡍ ٬ LS4 Ϸ LAD4 ܭ 3 ঁᔠਡᗺуಉৡࡕǴ12 ᔠਡᗺϐbEǵ N b ǵbPԋ݀Ǵӵ߄ 13 ܌ҢǶόፕ٬Ҕ LS4 ܈ LAD4ǴѳৡࡕᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNǵbPԋ݀ ࣣ࣬ӕǶፎݙཀǴӵ݀ஒԜ֖Ԗಉৡޑ 3 ঁᔠ ਡᗺ௨ନǴ߾ख़ᆉࡕϐ֤኱ᙯඤ ό֖ಉ ৡޑᆒࡋᜪ՟Ƕ ߄ 14 Ϸ߄ 15Ǵϩձж߄ ᔕ ᡍ Ǵܭ ୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺ TWD67 ֤኱ࣣуಉৡǴ٬Ҕ ୔ Ҕ ঁ ᆒࡋᆶ 5.1.4.2ރݩ B ኳ ჴ ୔ E E ݀߄Ȑаಉᡏӷᡏ኱Ң֖ 1ȑவ ঁಉৡਔ ಉৡϐᗺՏȑǶ LS4 5.1.1ჴᡍ่݀ளޕǴ ֖Ԗ Ǵځ ॶҗคಉৡ Ψ ڙ Ԗ ӧ Бय़ǺȐ ྽ୖԵᗺ 20 bP ਔޑ 20 0.03 cmቚεډ 13.46 cmǹඤقϐǴځ֤ ኱ᙯඤୖኧς࿶ڙډಉৡޑቹៜǴԶڀԖ࣬྽ ኧໆޑᇤৡǹԶᔠਡᗺޑEEǵENǴ ཮ ډ ೭٤ᇤৡቹៜԶᡂεǶȐ2ȑନΑୖԵᗺ֖ ঁಉৡϐѦǴΞԖኧᗺᔠਡᗺ֖ԖಉৡǴ ೷ԋᔠਡᗺޑEEǵENޑᡂϯ׳ቃਗ਼Ǵӵ߄ 14 ܌ҢǶӢԜǴคݤவᔠਡᗺϐEEǵENॶ ύǴפр֖ಉৡޑᗺՏϷ܌уΕޑಉৡॶǶ ӧ LAD4 Бय़ǺȐ1ȑ 5.1 ჴᡍ่݀ள ޕǴ྽ୖԵᗺ֖Ԗ 20 ঁಉৡਔǴځbPॶᆶค ಉৡਔᜪ՟ǹඤقϐǴځ֤኱ᙯඤୖኧόڙಉ ৡޑቹៜǶȐ2ȑନΑୖԵᗺ֖Ԗ 20 ঁಉৡϐ ѦǴΞԖኧᗺᔠਡᗺ֖ԖಉৡǶҗܭ L 4 Ԗᛙ଼ޑ੝܄ǴӢԜǴϝёҗᔠਡᗺϐ E வ .1 AD E ǵEN ॶύ ݩ A ǴޔௗղᘐᔠਡᗺύуΕಉৡޑᗺՏϷځ ࣬ᔈޑॶǶ ߄ 16 ܌ҢࣁǴኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺᆶ ᔠਡᗺ TWD67 ֤኱ࣣуಉৡǴ٬Ҕ LS4 Ϸ LAD4ѳৡࡕᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNǵbPԋ݀߄Ƕ ჹྣ߄ 13 ᆶ߄ 16Ǵёаว౜ǺȐ1ȑL D4 ރݩ B ޑ֤኱ᙯඤᆒࡋᆶރݩ A ࣬ӕǶȐ2ȑ LS4ӧރݩ B A Ӎܭރ E V Ǵࣣ ֡ຬၸ ӧ ܴᡉ 4Ϸ ȑϐ ǵ LS ᆉΠ ځд Ο ޑ 8Ȑᗺ 4Ϸ ᗺՏ೚ ֤኱ᙯඤ B026 LAD4 ӭǹ ᆒࡋ کᗺ ٿᅿ ԶЪ Ǵ߾ B028 ѳৡी Ǵځॶ Ƕ

5.2 ੿ჴၗ਑ϐჴᡍԋ݀

ᆵύѱ୔ၗ਑Ǵ٬Ҕ LS4 Ϸ LAD4 ѳৡ БݤǴჴࡼѤୖኧ֤኱ᙯඤࡕǴӚୖԵᗺϐ E V ǵVNԋ݀Ǵӵკ 3 ܌ҢǶҗკ 3 ԋ݀ёว ౜Ǵׇဦ N V ӧ٬ ܴᡉଯܭ Ҕ ७ύᇤৡǴࡺᔈϒকନǶকନׇဦ 4 Ϸ 8 ϐၗ ਑ࡕǴӆ٬Ҕ LAD4 Ϸ LS4 ѳৡБݤᙯඤࡕ

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߄12. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵѝӧኧঁᔠਡᗺϐ TWD67 ֤኱ύуಉৡǴ٬Ҕ LS4 ܈ LAD4 ѳৡࡕǴ၀ᔠਡᗺϐ EE ǵ E ԋ݀߄ȐຏǺځд҂߄ӈᔠਡᗺϐ EN E ǵ NE ࣣᖿ߈ܭ 0 0 cm .0 ȑ у 1 ঁಉৡ у 2 ঁಉৡ у 3 ঁಉৡ ᔠਡᗺׇဦ E E (cm) EN(cm) EE(cm) EN(cm) EE(cm) EN(cm) 25 -100.00 0 -100.00 -100.00 0 0 29 0 0 0 -7.00 0 -7.00 33 0 0 0 0 9.00 0 ߄ 13 ᔕჴᡍ୔ ᔠਡᗺϐ D67֤኱ύ ৡǴ٬Ҕ D4ѳৡ 12ঁᔠਡ ǵ ԋ݀ E b Ȑcmȑ N . ኳ Ǵѝӧ TW уಉ LS4Ϸ LA ࡕǴ ᗺϐbE b ǵN bP ߄ b ಉৡኧໆ Ȑcmȑ bPȐcmȑ

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 28.87 28.87 0.03 0.05 28.87 28.87 2 28.87 28.87 2.02 2.02 28.94 28.94 3 28.98 28.98 2.02 2.02 29.05 29.05 ߄ 14. ኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺ TWD67֤኱ࣣуಉৡǴ٬Ҕ LS4ѳৡࡕǴ12 ঁਡᗺϐEEǵE N ߄ у 1 ঁಉৡ у 2 ঁಉৡ у 3 ঁಉৡ ԋ݀ ᔠਡᗺׇဦ E E (cm) EN(cm) EE(cm) EN(cm) EE(cm) EN(cm) -77.90 -43.70 -77.90 -43.70 -77.90 -43.70 25 26 -11.30 9.50 -11.30 9.50 -11.30 9.50 27 28.60 -14.90 28.60 -14.90 28.60 -14.90 28 -4.60 38.40 -4.60 38.40 -4.60 38.40 29 68.60 -39.40 68.60 -46.40 68.60 -46.40 30 35.30 14.00 35.30 14.00 35.30 14.00 31 64.20 7.20 64.20 7.20 64.20 7.20 32 42.00 42.80 42.00 42.80 42.00 42.80 33 104.10 -17.20 104.10 -17.20 113.10 -17.20 34 70.90 36.20 70.90 36.20 70.90 36.20 35 99.70 29.40 99.70 29.40 99.70 29.40 36 77.50 65.00 77.50 65.00 77.50 65.00 җ 3 ԋ݀ว কନ ٬ LAD ᙯඤࡕ ֖ ᗺ E Vǵ NॶܴᡉၨεǴځᎩୖԵᗺϐ ǵ ࣣ λܭ ಉৡୖԵ ǵVN εǹ LAD ࠅ ǴԜ ޑಉ ځᎩᗺՏ ჴᡍ ᛾Α ᗺ Ϸ ȑ კ ౜Ǵ҂ ಉৡ߻Ǵ Ҕ ֤኱ Ǵ໻ӧх ಉৡୖԵ ޑ ᗺޑVE Ԝ ॶܴᡉၨ ՠ࣬ၨܭ ัե΋٤ ΏӢ೽ϩ ৡ໺ኞډ ǶਥᏵ ่݀Ǵᡍ ǺȐ1ȑന V VE VN ±5.00 cmǶԶ٬Ҕ LS ֤኱ᙯඤࡕǴх֖ λ΋४ݤǴόܰڙډಉৡቹៜǴЪёаவୖԵ ޑVEǵVNϸᔈჹᔈޑಉৡໆǹа Ȑ2 ന

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Ǵ 4 Б λΒ४ݤܰڙಉৡቹៜǴԶफ़եᙯඤᆒࡋǶ җკ 4 ԋ݀ว౜ কନୖԵᗺׇဦ 4 Ϸ 8 ࡕǴ٬Ҕ LAD4 ک LS4 ֤኱ᙯඤࡕǴୖԵᗺ ϐVEǵVNࣣλܭ±5.00 cmǶ ᆵύѱ୔ܭকନಉৡ߻ࡕǴ٬Ҕ LAD4 Ϸ LS ѳৡ ݤᙯඤࡕǴᔠਡᗺϐbEǵbNǵ P b ݀߄Ǵӵ߄ 17 ܌ҢǶҗ . ኳᔕჴᡍ୔ǴܭୖԵᗺᆶᔠਡᗺ TWD67 ֤኱ࣣ ԋ ߄ 17 ё࣮рǴ ନ ༾ ߄ 15 ೽ϩᔠਡᗺϐ ক ϯ ಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LS ϐbEǵbNǵbPԋܴ݀ ᡉׯ๓೚ӭǴԶ٬Ҕ LAD ϐԋ݀໻Ԗ٤ ᡂ Ƕ຾΋؁ᡍ᛾Α LAD όܰڙಉৡቹៜǴԶ LSҭڙಉৡቹៜޑ੝܄Ƕ уಉৡǴ٬Ҕ LAD4 ѳৡࡕǴ E ǵ E E ԋ݀߄ȐຏǺځд҂߄ӈᔠਡᗺϐ EN E ǵ NE ࣣᖿ߈ܭ 0.00 cmȑ у 1 ঁಉৡ у 2 ঁಉৡ у 3 ঁಉৡ ᔠਡᗺׇဦ E E (cm) EN(cm) EE(cm) EN(cm) EE(cm) EN(cm) 25 -100.00 0 -100.00 -100.00 0 0 29 0 0 0 -7.00 0 -7.00 33 0 0 0 0 9.00 0 ߄ 16 ᔕჴᡍ୔Ǵ Եᗺᆶᔠ TWD67֤኱ࣣуಉৡǴ Ϸ LAD ࡕǴᔠਡ ǵ ԋ݀ E b Ȑcmȑ N . ኳ ܭୖ ਡᗺ ٬Ҕ LS4 4ѳৡ ᗺϐbE N b ǵbP ߄ Ȑcmȑ bPȐcmȑ b ಉৡኧໆ

0 0.37 0 0.34 0 0.50 0 1 64.99 28.87 34.19 0.06 73.43 28.87 2 64.99 7 28.8 34.91 2 2.0 73.77 4 28.9 3 66.23 28.98 34.91 2.02 74.87 29.05 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -50 0 5 10 0 0 LAD4 ୖԵᗺׇဦ 㭀ⶖ (c m ) 100 50 0 0 -50 5 10 15 20 25 30 LS4 ୖԵᗺׇဦ 㭀ⶖ (cm ) კ 3. ੿ჴჴᡍ୔Ǵ҂কନಉৡ߻Ǵ٬Ҕ LAD4 Ϸ LS4 ֤኱ᙯඤࡕǴୖԵᗺϐVEǵVNȐϩձа໵ՅϷқ ՅޔБკж߄ϐȑКၨკǶ

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0 5 10 15 20 25 -5 0 5 LAD4 ) ୖԵᗺׇဦ 㭀ⶖ (cm 5 0 0 -5 5 10 15 20 25 LS4 ୖԵᗺׇဦ 㭀ⶖ (cm ) კ 4. ੿ჴჴᡍ୔ǴܭকନಉৡࡕǴ٬Ҕ LAD4 Ϸ LS4 ֤኱ᙯඤࡕǴୖԵᗺϐ ǵ Ȑϩձа໵ՅϷқ ՅޔБკж߄ϐȑКၨკǶ . ੿ჴჴᡍ୔Ǵܭকନಉৡ߻ࡕǴ٬Ҕ D4Ϸ LS4 ֤኱ᙯඤࡕǴᔠਡᗺϐ ǵ ǵ ԋ݀߄ কନಉৡϐރݩ bEȐcmȑ N E V VN ߄ 17 LA bE bN bP b Ȑcmȑ bPȐcmȑ

কନಉৡ߻ 5.30 2.38 6.87 2.44 8.6 8 3.41 কନಉৡࡕ 2.63 2.51 1.74 2.07 3.16 3.25

Ϥǵ่ፕ

ճҔ 36 ᗺኳ ᗺ੿ჴၗ਑Ǵ а TWD67 ֤኱ᙯඤ ֤኱ޑѤୖኧ ֤኱ᙯඤࣁٯǴ௖૸୷ܭനλ΋४ݤޑᛙ଼Ӧ ᝤ֤኱ᙯ ᜢ᝼ᚒǶਥ ่݀ᡉҢ:Ȑ1ȑ а ᗺኳᔕၗ਑ࣁٯǴӵ݀௦Ҕځύޑ 24 ᗺ ࣁୖԵᗺǴځᎩޑ 12 ᗺࣁᔠਡᗺǴ߾ୖԵ Ԗ ঁᕵǵᐉጕ֤኱ॶǶӢԜǴӵ݀ୖԵᗺ ёૈޑಉৡኧໆϿܭ 21 ঁϐ߻Ǵനλ΋४ݤ ޑӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑԋ݀ࢂᛙ଼ޑǹඤقϐǴӧ Ԝ௃ݩΠǴനλ΋४ݤޑ֤኱ᙯඤԋ݀ᆒࡋό ڙಉৡޑቹៜǹȐ2ȑӧ΋ۓಉৡኧໆచҹΠǴ όᆅಉৡӸӧୖԵᗺޑ TWD67 ֤኱ǵTWD97 ֤኱ǵ܈ TWD67 /TWD97֤኱Ǵനλ΋ ४ݤӦᝤ֤኱ᙯඤޑԋ݀ ޑǹȐ ۓಉৡኧໆచ Ǵӵ ਔӸӧୖԵᗺ کᔠਡᗺޑ֤኱ύǴճҔനλ΋४ݤ֤኱ᙯ ёаਥᏵᔠਡ 7 ϐ ᔕၗ਑ᆶ 46 Կ TWD97 ඤǴ ᗺ TWD9 ֤኱ EEǵEN ॶǴղᘐ ޑε 4ȑӧჴሞ ΢Ǵ ௗ௦ λ΋४ ኱ᙯඤǹ ܈ޣǴӃаനλ΋४ݤ֤኱ᙯඤǴפр٠কନ ёૈޑಉৡࡕǴӆаځд ࡼ֤኱ᙯඤǴ аዴߥ֤኱ᙯඤޑᆒࡋǶ ಉৡ λᆶ಄ဦǹϷȐ ᔈҔ ࡌ᝼ޔ Ҕന ݤ֤ Бݤჴ

ୖԵЎ᝘

[1] ՖᆢߞǴෳໆᏢǴಃ ඤԖ Ᏽჴᡍ 36 ᗺ 48 ֤኱ ࢂᛙ଼ 3ȑӧ΋ ҹΠ ݀ಉৡӕ ϤހǴֻੀрހޗ ȐᆵчȑǴ2009Ƕ

[2] Ghilani, C. D., Adjustment Computations:

Spatial Data Analysis, 5 Ed., Wiley, New York, 2010. ஭ျ҇ ՗ݤ຾Չෳໆѳৡϐ absolute deviation,” th [3] Ǵ“аᛙ଼௢ ࣴزǴ”ѤੇᏢൔǴಃ8ڔǴಃ 33-50।Ǵ 1993Ƕ

[4] Chen, K., Ying Z., Zhang H. and Zhao L.,

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ka, Vol. 95, No.1, pp.107-122,

ing Corporation, Vol. 12,

ޑനλ΋४ጕ܄ӣ Oxford Journals, Life Sciences & Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Biometri

2006.

[5] Li, Y. and Arce, G. R., “A Maximum

Likelihood Approach to Least Absolute Deviation Regression,” EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Hindawi Publish

pp.1762-1769, 2004.

[6] Sisman, Y., “Parameter estimation and

outlier detection with different estimation methods,” Scientific Research and Essays, Vol. 6, No.7, pp.1620-1626, 2011. [7] ЦЎঢ়Ǵ୷ܭLINGO ᘜޑୖኧ՗ीǴ຦Ԁ଄࿶ᏢଣᏢൔǴಃ6 ڔǴಃ106-108।Ǵ2006Ƕ [8] Цᅽܱǵच໩Җǵ஭ᡦޱǴനλ΋४ӣᘜ سኧ՗ीϷځMATLABჴ౜Ǵٛؠࣽמ ᏢଣᏢൔǴಃ9ڔǴಃ4යǴಃ85-89।Ǵ 2007Ƕ [9] ៝኷҇ǴԔጕᔕӝޑനλ΋४ݤǴӕᔮ εᏢᏢൔȐԾฅࣽᏢހȑǴಃ39ڔǴಃ9 යǴಃ 1378-1382।Ǵ2011Ƕ [10] Бॊ၈ǵS. දහද܎Ǵጕ܄ᓬϯϷᘉ৖-౛ፕᆶᄽᆉݤǴࣽᏢрހޗȐч٧ȑǴ 1994Ƕ [11] കෂৱǵଭҏើǵ৪ऍ๩ǵ׵ᚈǴMATLAB ଯ฻ኧᏢჴᡍ Ǵႝηπ཰рހޗȐч ٧ȑǴ2008Ƕ [12] ᆵчѱࡹ۬Ӧࡹೀෳໆε໗Ǵ ᆵчѱ TWD67Ӧᝤ֤኱س಍ᙯඤࣁTWD97֤ ኱س಍բ཰ᕴൔ֋Ǵ2004Ƕ [13] ݅܃։ǴճҔനλ΋४ݤӧӦᝤ֤኱ᙯ ඤၗ਑ୀᒱϐࣴزǴᅺγፕЎǴ୯ҥࡹ ݯεᏢӦࡹࣴز܌ǴѠчѱǴ2013Ƕ

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