醫療保健新聞報導的科學Vs.非科學建構

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(9) .1l1*1IiflVJ~~B:9W~VS.~Ff4~?ff14. c=)~m. . ~U.;;~WPlIIft. Sontag (1990)fE (i:WJB9I1iIllfiJ) (Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors) $,~~.ftfiB9~~.M~WJ.~B9~~,mm~WJB9I1iIllfiJ~T.M~~~$'.~mB9m. I ' 1IflUD{8frpB9:t~mfJ Montgomery. (1996)W\mm ' fEf3f.B9~i!llitH!. B9n:l:M!:lrfE;ttgU~.~KffiH~liI.~*~. (image system) B9ftgnJ:. 0. 0. ' IliIllfiJ (metaphor). Pfi~B9I1iIllfiJ~tl1I~Pfittt. t.B9~3(:t~)'~¥•• ~·m~~.~(.i!lli~)~~tt.'.~ •• ~B9~tt·~. ~~. , ~A1r'TfW:t~Ji]~.Wi3 (Hairston 1978) fE'if-tf3ftXB9i§I¥$ , 1l111fiJB9~m~D.7Bt: . f.lL 0. T . i&~ • &:JI . ~~n. . ZjS~ • 1fll~M!i . ~7IiiJ ... ~ , tttt•• m;tt~~mzf&B9i&. ' tJ. :&mlil}jUB9f~.~~m~M~~~~~'&~iipJfM~B9*Ei*. 0. fE~-$f)}. , *i}f~~~III11fiJB9. illS ' .M~WJmi§fEm{-tU.~~IiUm (alternative medicine, ::!t1J~1lJWi3fi5*~~i!llig:tPJf~II: ~.&B9~~$U~~~Um)~*~~~mo. 1. JJl1t• • ~PlIllj\Mf Montgomery (1996)tE. {W.B99~). $ , Jj~i:~U.W~. ' {'FT gj&~31B9.M' ffH!fIB~ftfi ' :fMli~fE*~~ m(popular discourse) ,~rrH~tJ r••1l111fiJ J (military metaphor)B9~:a:mm i&ltt ,rne J(strike) JJj(. mllilllfiJB9~m ~f3f.~. (the Scientific Voice). 0. 0. .J (attack)· r ~AJ (invade)' rjJ~J (spread)~=F!lN . -1m~m*:Jf~~~WJm~B911i1llfiJ ; iffl AflJj~WJB9fiJl~:a: ' ~iJ~ r fttji{! J (defend) . r WjL J (struggle) . r i!UfL J (resist)~ 0. 1ft!Jf.~B9~m1lJIl.&PasteurfDKoch!f.mJj~~~WJi}f~B91Ul~fflG:!l. 1890if{i;~UWlJmmt~B9;tlt1*W ~ f=r. 1*'. HD~WJ~ r~IH~B9J. (wrong)'. 0. ••. ' tJ.&tE1880. B9.~1k~tEEf-Jiiffifl"WJ~m~Jj~~WJ~tf. iffl.~1lJftgB9mm1*frA~;tt~m. rlEiiJ (right)· ••. B911111fiJ7tJ~WJfI3'iB9n:l:. · ,lEtJ§lm~:!'ii:WJ~w~m-.i$B9l5t~~~JI~ , pJf:ftffl"B9 ~1IW~tJt -El.~WJ~w~mlft!Jf~~ii&~ , {-t~H§~t!tW~lI'lJitAB911i1llfiJ ' M}jU~W~W1* g§wr:t~ . 5l:.#:t~tJ.&~:tA*JI~ (Holocaust) f13r1B9f¥jm1ff§IlITffm • f91J~D1980if 0. {-t~~WJB9mtfT. ' tttt~M~mJjAfI~~1k~~:1!~1I'lJ1~~td:~B9 r .~~~ J (genocide) (Montgomery 1996:141-143) 0. -351 (. !,. I,il. ;!.

(10) ~ !¥J ~ IIIfrj Ibi fffl. ?V ~ tal ~. Montgomery (1996). ijj ~ : -. r ~!Im!f[ $. ~. J. (biomilitarism) , ~- WJ:li! r ~ !lm1HR'±~ J (bioinformationism) , lltjiIHjttf!5l[z /ffti~ , lfi:tim;L~. 0. ~!Im!f[$'±~!¥J~IIIfrj~*ftm~i&!fpH~!¥J~rl~~. Wllpq~!Im~*ft&J!!¥Ji1Hji&!~ fD;t:ttE!tllcpt§,~fflHJ1!¥J~~ pgtEWj}tE!¥JJlj{~. (agency). 0. (combative image) , tal~frM~. lltj} . ~~!f[$'±~PlT?~'~!¥Jjli~JrHfig!¥J r ~fI'Jlj{ J (agent) '~~iftH@ ... ~. 0. Jtt-~~;LPlTtJ~WB~~~1I~ 5[~ , /ffl~~m*Hlm~MU;Li!&. '. 0. ~®m~'§t2i:. *Hlm '~$' $~' ~~~T. fu:li!~~tiM~~~.!¥Jm~~m,~:r_@~m'-@Jlj{~Jo~!Im!f[$'±~~~fu.~7. - =7t1i 'fIP~~!¥Jm~( J1!¥J*ffi) £,j~fEi'8!¥Jti:lL~( H!¥J*ffi) PlT~Jjf' }lH~( Montgomery 1996:151) • tE~1fQ~JlJfJHj~!tllpJTtftE!¥J~~JtRt~!¥Jttf!~. , tE8~~I¥JOJ~gMJ:tCP~*~~. 1t!¥JJI* • • ~*~fD~.!¥J~~CP,ti~u.!¥J~~m~~~~!Im!¥J!f[$'±~'~!Im~~'±~' '§t2i7W r J (book) ~ rtfglilJ (map) t§~!¥J~~' 9j\PJ~flJ.~fBHtffl 'l~JJtI:f1:t§ti ~~~~~I¥J!fiXttrrurOJW~fjfJtR~. (Meyers 1990; Hall 1992)· fffi~!Im~~'±~!¥J~IIIfrj~*ft~Jj. /f59ijl r 1X~ J (self) W r ~F1X~ J (non-self). FB~!¥J~~. · fffi~59iilJijJ!tllm 7 ~~ , ,,~ , if!l. %fD.~r~MJfffi.~!¥J-m ••• ~'~59i.~~*Hl.~,~tEI¥JA~$~'*$~!¥Jm ~~m~~~I:f1~w.~.~~a®-@·. f9IJ ~O &' fIR. ~ mf$ .1. !¥J ~ ~ ~ , r ~ ~ J ( errors) , r m J ( recognition) , r ~ ~ J ( miswriting ) ,r. f$ ~ ~ !¥J ~. (processing) , r ~,~ J (messages). J (genetic mapping) , r 111 ~ J (reading) , r ~ ~ J ~~~m-'&m~ JiI.!¥J~1IIfrj. 0. ~fffiMontgomery. ( 1996). ml:f1 '. ~!Im.~'±~~IIIfrj!¥J~ffl,a.~AII$~.m.~,~~tfglilM.l¥JtfgE,~llt~59i~7~ tEm~J!!~!¥JJ{ff. 0. -JlN:~~mg.~~!¥J*~ft~~ (MJjll:li!~i&!.II!¥J~?J). , ~t~H5-fg.~~~f4it. fEi1JoPJffiliH ' ~.?tPJmtfJmt ' ~fEitm1l1t Montgomery (1996: 146) 0. lijlllfrj J .~~. , fffi~F*~1t '. :::t~tilE!¥JMl1'F1i~. • Sontag (1990). ~mu.*!t1¥J. r!f[$. ~IJlimrn~.~m~~~I¥J~. 1IIfrj'~~~fI~~~~o~.~~~~I¥J~.tt7~'~~IIIIIfrj!¥Jft~,~~~~~m!¥Jti. -352.

(11) ;~ i. II~Ii. ~~~.:. .1jf*.*JTIVl~~B9~~VS.~F~~~.. m.~n~'~M~.n~,~mm~.~~~~' ~7Z. (i9~~. 2.. Brandt 1988). ill;. ... !!~~. l!!. •• ~~.$.fi~.~~~.~ R. 0. §.I• • •B~J~1a. ' ~m=ft~~(dualism)~fiM ' -OO~fJtilE mil¥} , ~D.qsa(balance) . ~.(barmony) . ~{t(cleansing) . fl~:I:(energy) . ~ititf!(spirit) . ~ifP 1J(vital force) . ~(love)~ , ~rE!;;Mtt.flH~)~~.~l¥}lEm~{tJl~t~ ; fi~-1iIlEmi~1J l:.fi-W~f§lt~~mi1J. ' ~D/f\~a· /f\~•. gfltr5~ '1IfE~~ii . ~1J . pq~ ... ~ , ~I!t.~~~.~~~mt~ (fjHFIIfE-mt~) *~I2:®~~ •• §~~lit).-~~*~(quasi ~~g~I¥}§~-m~~-MMM~~*1f. 0. re~oo~®.~·.~A~~~I¥}~WW~~Wzltft·~~M~7~m·~~·.gWA* 1¥}.~·.m7~~g.n$~ml¥}.~~M·Am~. ••• ~~3.~fiLWm.1J~®x. X~o~~'~M~~.~Ii~~~~®M~~M·~~.I¥}~~~~W.~®~~'~~.. '1¥}~~~~D./f\~~~$ •• ®~1J~,~~.~®~~oM§z'~~ •• ®~~~m r ~lI®~M J (symbolic mediation) *~~. ,. ~R-~~{p.Aititf!m1t~*~1i~1¥}. 5Em~t~W~1I' {tJlB9gfltnMl~~ (Montgomery 1996:163-164)·. Ifilfi·. g WJn~~. ~~~~~g. '®U~~,~.~~~.I¥}~m,w~~*~~~~.*1f~.~&~§.$I¥}-mmM. ••fi. ~i!BIfilIZJji·. ruLDz'~~~~~~M~~~~~ng~~~·~~~~m~m*.~~~g~~ .,.~n~~~M~M§·. •• *~~~~ ••~*~~~on~~W~ttttm••w.m. ~A~.~~m·.~~~.~g~·~a·~~·~.·n.~M.n~W.o.M~.~. •· •• ~~~.~~m.~.g~~M~n$.*~~~n.~·ill~~n~~a.~~ • • ~~D·fiM~ng.~ •••M.~~~~·*~~~ •• ~Wg ••• fi~~~~.~' ~~~L~~.~~WWnOO~~~m~o. (1l!I).~• • •iltt• •2~. ••~~I¥}?i(*ff~¥U~.~ml¥}~fJ' fi.~JU4T~~PJf~~I¥}~U' xtttt~f4••• ' ~1tHt.~>.K~)':&'~!'iiW1lfi~Jrf~!£tb1· Kriegbbaum (IHI~~ 1994)1f:jt;PJT~~ U4.W:k -353. ;i~.

(12) cp • ffJ.tgm¥fW~M¥fI¥J3t ft~~f'fT .9i&WiI. JS(~fI) (Science and the Mass Media). I¥JflMo*3t~m-$IDM. •••~~·. 1. M.n~ VS. A1I.~ ~~~m~,g.~M~*.~m.M'~M'M'~M~~Bm ••* •• ~M ••. h:-.T.M•• m·~$W~'I¥J.h'~-~.~•• -.~.~~.~M •• ~~~ fttllU~h (Krieghbaum ' ~.~~ 1994:87)· i'OI:Jlt ' g.~c.~~T.'Wf4.~~rml¥J£ *~~,£*~*.~ft.~~.I¥J •••• ~M,~~tt••~I¥J~~W8m~3· •• ~M.~&JS(I¥J •• W~~' ••• ~IOOmAI¥J.*§·~#ffifiI¥JA •• ~~W 'I¥Jm§WltitflnD E3 aJ.tg.I¥J~~~] , fff~ A7Hl~:~tJJL\31: . tj(~I¥J~~.~ R1M~Jlt 1lJ ~••~~&.~~m~.~~.~&M •• ~fi°i'Ol:Jlt'~~ •• I¥JM'.~~~.~R~ ~c.~JL\El CPI¥J&JS(.*W~I¥J~frj ~1¥J •• ~c.~-~rm •• *~~tJB.l¥Jm§ · tJ&fJfA11t .~I¥J~~ •• ~I'~R~OOmAI¥J.~~~:~-~rm~~ •• ~M·.~W~rm •• ~ .*W~iM · i'OI:U.~?JrpPff§:lJII¥J~.~:if*'~~:p.f4'~~IJI¥J.~ jffifi~f~.Tf!&ij[. ~tt.'.fifi.I¥JU.~I~-~.~.~I¥J •• ~~.T'~1lJ.~.~A.ElI¥J~~E ~~ (Kriegbbaum :J ' ~.~~ 1994:32)· ~Jlt · ~m:±fj~Q~m~1EbI' ~~.J:i\G~J.I 1¥J0~~~·.~~~~.~~3jffi.~~.~~I¥J •• ~3J:i\G~~~~o 0. J. I. 0. 0. 2.. ~. rii..l. ~~~. r. ft'¥fW~M¥fJ.tf4.~ ~ JI¥J~fj~fipJT~~ o~1I5g¥f~~l¥Jf4.~Pff~~l¥Jr~. J'. ttttmfi*.~ill1lJm~M.I¥J~~:.I¥f.rpl¥Jr~J~~~~~.R~*JS(~I¥J.~~. •• ~~ •• I¥J1Ebltt'~lrpM•• ~I¥J~.·.~&W~~~~~ ~M'W#.mPff~oi'Ol:Jlt'U¥fmm~Um~I'M~~fi~~.I¥J~?J'~*T ••~1 I¥Jm~' liiM!~~**/J<~~{~I¥J ••tt· ~~Tf4.7JJS(ABfjU~~I¥J~~~hPffMht (Kriegbbaum :J ' ~.~~ 1994: 153-4) ~ ;tq.~f4.~~I¥J~M~f.lW~. ' -E1m iErmmJ~~rml¥J~~ · -L[~~II~~~Miml¥J.m~- (Kitzinger & Reilly 1997) ~Jlt'M.~~J.t~~I~.J:i\G •• tt.ftl¥J~I'Bm.M •• ~M'¥fI¥J •• ·• f,j~~M.J:i\Gtrfi!EY3B1I~f=rI¥J~~J:i\G~J'ljf~:c1Jf~:t~?J ' illJ.t~~Mtt~l¥Jf4.~~BJG' .I¥J'Q.~~.~m. 0. ••. ,. 0. -354. ~. .,. '1. ,~.

(13) .ffH~g£~OO~~l¥Jf4~Vs.~Fw~~m. ftf ' ~1H.H!1'lI1tf!t~ffiIU~B9JliUm. 3.. 0. ~IEiI~~J!~ f!t~W.!]UJTI~'lff.m:J1f3JlIiB9:5z.: ft~~Hl~:1JSllttffil]iitl:B9~$ (Krieghbaum. if '. iltiillUt~. ' tJ:F~PW~WHU:5z.:~I¥J1Eiiifj~ , ~ffj1iff~I¥J1i$ , ?J;WJ;J &.~M.~_~••• M'M~ •• m~fi.~I¥J.~:®~MW.~.~I¥J1Eiiitl:'~lliti 1994:44) f!t~W.J11EUitl:B9~* 0. ~~~*~.~~®*.1Eiiil¥J~~_.'~~R~-.AnJ1_.~I¥J~~B~W~~1iff ~. , ~1EUiEP~~~~ilftE!PUJ. 0. .:=.. " ~ 1E 7.r it ft~~L~l¥JflffilU'~1iff~-1iOO~~~M •• I¥J~~'~~.~~~®~~W~~1i ~'~-1iOO~~~Mti~~~~B9.~·ft.'M~·~~.~~m~1i$~1iOO'. ••. :5z.:~~U~~~~.#~~.M~.i.'~~I¥J~.'~8Wli ••Wo ~1iff~~.u_m~M.~'. •• ~I¥J~~~~$U&:5z.:~ffiIU~.i.~~I¥J1i~.fl. Zo ••I¥J ••~U~BfiZ.&~~'&~OO~ADLA~~.tl:~.~,~~~®.~~ m~~~.·~~.·~~.~~ru~.~~* •• ,~~~~.~u~~·m~m~~~~ •• ~~'~~WMI¥J.~w~.m.w.W*~.~ffi~.~o~1iff~.M ••®~OO.~~ A+li~+=~-8~A+~~~~= 800'~~~* •• L.~·~~~~ffi~B9 •• · :5z.:~Wil~o~1iff~~L~~OO~~'U~M~.1i~.~~~~Z-B9~.~m~~I¥J~.' ~~ • • 7~1~~Mo. (- )1"l3~~mHs) 1. 1113••. •• ~I¥J~M(~:5z.:.)~U~.(~ •• )~m~~.m,.-~~M(~. .:5z.:.) ff~m-~~~I¥J.f2L ~1iff~~~~~~I¥Jf{§~fl5 : (l)• • ~.Iifi!1!I¥JI!f{ ; (2) ~M/:5z.:.I¥J~~tl:1f ; (3)~fi!1!~~im~ : (4)• • ~I¥J.~~~ : (5)• • I¥J~{g : J;J&(6)\!i J1~~. 0. -355.

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