2020 ⸜ 01 㚰 枩 109-134
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ࣽᏢགྷႽΚᐕำኳԄᑼΕπำ௲ػፐำ
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ỽ㙱䏒
朄⭄⣏⬠㔁做䞼䨞≑䎮㔁㌰惕劙侨
⚳䩳ᷕⰙ⣏⬠㔁做䞼䨞㔁㌰昛㗈⬄
⚳䩳ᷕⰙ⣏⬠㔁做䞼䨞⌂⢓⼴䞼䨞⒉ ԏዺВයǺ2019 ԃ 10 Д 16 ВǴௗڙтฦВයǺ2020 ԃ 03 Д 30 ВǶ གᖴቩہගٮঅׯཀـǶҁЎ೯ૻբޣࣁՖ᐀ฐǴEmailǺ[email protected]ύ
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ⶍ䦳㔁做㗗朊⮵⓷柴忚埴∝忈⿏㳣≽䘬柀➇炻ⓗ㚱德忶嶐柀➇⮰㤕Ṣㇵ⛐∝忈≃ 冯゛⁷≃䘬普⿅炻ㇵ傥䘤⯽↢ᶨᾳ䳸⎰ⶍ䦳㈨埻冯䚠斄柀➇⮰㤕炻㍸⋯䓇㳣⑩岒冯㓡 嬲Ṣ栆㔯㖶䘬䓊⑩ˤ㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐ẍ䥹⬠゛⁷≃䎮澏㧉⺷䁢➢䢶炻憅⮵ⶍ⬠昊婚䦳忚埴 圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠㳣≽姕妰炻䘤⯽䚠斄婚䦳㧉䳬炻᷎㍊妶⬠䓇∝シ゛⁷傥≃䘬⬠佺ㆸ㓰ˤ䞼 䨞㛇䦳䁢㛇ᶱ⸜炻䞼䨞⮵尉Ἦ冒⎘䀋⋿悐㝸⣏⬠ⶍ⬠昊炻ℙ㚱ℕ攨婚䦳冯 381 ỵ⬠䓇 ⍫冯㛔䞼䨞ˤ䞼䨞㕡㱽悐↮炻德忶䥹⬠゛⁷≃㔁㟰姕妰ˣ姒婯ˣ婚⭌奨⮇ˣ⮎槿㔁⬠ ⚆棳╖冯㕘䶐∝シ⿅侫㷔槿䫱忚埴屯㕁吸普ˤ岒⿏屯㕁䷽ㇻ徸⫿䧧ᷳ⼴忚埴䶐䡤冯↮ 㜸炻慷⊾屯㕁ẍ㍷徘䴙妰冯䚠ὅ㧋㛔 t 㩊⭂忚埴↮㜸ˤ䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢炻⛐婆㔯∝忈⿅ 侫㷔槿ᶲ炻䫔ᶨ⸜冯䫔ᶱ⸜㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃ˣ䌐∝≃䫱朊⎹⛯忼⇘栗叿炻䫔Ḵ⸜㚱䌐 ∝≃忼栗叿烊⛐⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔槿ᶲ炻㚱䫔Ḵ⸜冯䫔ᶱ⸜䘬䱦忚≃忼栗叿ˤ⛐⮵㕤 䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ㔁⬠ᷳ㍍⍿ね⼊ᶲ炻㌰婚㔁ⷓ冯⬠䓇㘖念㍍⍿᷎娵⎴䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ ⺷婚䦳䘬䎮⾝冯姕妰炻⬠䓇⮵㕤ⷓ䓇Ḻ≽ˣ⮎ἄ䘬婚䦳⬱㌺ẍ⍲栀シᾖ佺䚠斄婚䦳䘬 シ栀Ṏ檀ˤὅ㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢劍⸚⺢嬘ὃ㛒Ἦ䚠斄㔁⬠冯䞼䨞ᷳ⍫侫ˤ 斄挝娆烉ⶍ䦳㔁做ˣ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷ˣ⮎槿㔁⬠ˣ圵ℍ⺷婚䦳姕妰The Effect of Curriculum Infusing Scientific Imagination
Process in Engineering Education
Hsiao-Chi Ho
Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Education, Providence University
Ying-Yao Cheng
Professor, Graduate Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-sen University
Ying-Tze Chen
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Graduate Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract
Engineering education is an area where creative activities are carried out to solve complex problems. Only through the combination of creativity and imagination from interdisciplinary professionals can a product that combines engineering and related fields be developed to enhance the quality of life and change human civilization. The study aimed to develop curriculum models infusing the Scientific Imagination Process for engineering education, and to assess the effect of the models on students’ creativity and imagination. The participants were six instructors from six courses and 381 undergraduates in the college of engineering in Southern Taiwan. Data were collected through the curriculum design, interview, classroom observation, student evaluation of teaching, and the New Creativity Test. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-test, and qualitative methods. The results indicated that the verbal-creativity test achieved significant differences on fluency, flexibility, and originality in the first and the third year of experimental teaching, and only the originality in the second year of experimental teaching showed significant differences. With respect to the figural-creativity test, there were significant differences in the second and the third year of experimental teaching. Regarding the attitude on the curriculum models infusing Scientific Imagination Process for engineering education, both instructors and students valued and agreed with the core idea of curriculum. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were also discussed.
Keywords: Engineering Education, Scientific Imagination Process, Experimental Teaching,
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暒㡐㫴∯昊炷Sydney Opera House炸句ㆸ㕤 1973 ⸜炻2007 ⸜䓙倗⎰⚳㔁䥹㔯䳬䷼ 炷UNESCO炸娵⭂䁢ᶾ䓴㔯⊾怢䓊炷World Heritage炸炻㭷⸜彎䎮崭忶 2500 ⟜堐㺼ᶼ䁢 暒㡐⏠⺽㔠䘦叔Ṣ㫉䘬奨㓰ㅱˤ⽆ 1950 ⸜ẋ攳⥳忚埴姕妰军 1973 ⸜句ㆸ炻暒㡐㫴 ∯昊㬟䴻⣂ỵ⺢䭱姕妰ⷓ䘬㥳⿅炻侴劙⓮⤏晭䲵炷Arup炸℔⎠㑼ảⶍ䦳栏⓷ˣ䭉䎮冯 䵕嬟䘬奺刚㛒㚦嬲≽ˤ⤏晭䲵℔⎠㗗ℐ䎫㚨⣏䘬ⶍ䦳栏⓷℔⎠ᷳᶨ炻昌Ḯ暒㡐㫴∯昊 ⢾炻湶䘬漸䔊⹎喅埻ᷕ⽫ˣ⊿Ṕ䘬沍ⶊˣ㯜䩳㕡ˣ⎘ᷕ⣏悥㚫㫴∯昊䫱悥㗗ẋ堐ἄˤ 朊⮵⤪㬌漸⣏ᶼ䳸⎰䑘ᾅ䵈傥ˣ⺢䭱姕妰ˣ喅埻䫱⣂⃫朊⎹䘬ⶍ䦳炻嵛ẍ栗䣢⤏晭䲵 ℔⎠䓙ⶍ䦳ˣ⺢䭱ˣ屯妲ˣ䭉䎮䫱嶐柀➇⮰㤕Ṣㇵ⋗普侴ㆸ䘬㈨埻冯ᾉ嬥ˤPokemon go 㬌㫦䚖⇵ℐᶾ䓴㚨䅙攨䘬埴≽⸛⎘㒜⡆⮎⠫忲㇚炻䓙 The Pokemon CompanyˣNiantic 冯 Nintendo ᶱ⭞℔⎠忚埴㓭ḳ姕妰ˣ屯妲㈨埻ˣ㒜⡆⮎⠫炷AR炸㈨埻ˣℐ䎫⭂ỵ䲣 䴙炷GPS炸ˣ忲㇚攳䘤冯䘤埴䫱嶐柀➇⎰ἄ炻忈⯙Ḯ╖㚰ᶳ庱 APP ℐ䎫崭忶 1 €㫉䘬 䲨抬ẍ⍲㔠€伶⃫䘬䓊ῤˤ㚜䶈忈ḮḼ枭慹㮷ᶾ䓴䲨抬炻⊭⏓ℐ䎫椾㚰㓞ℍ㚨檀ㇳ㨇 忲㇚ˣℐ䎫椾㚰ᶳ庱㫉㔠㚨檀忲㇚ˣ椾㚰㚨⣂⚳⭞ᶳ庱㌺埴㥄椾ㇳ㨇忲㇚ˣ椾㚰㚨⣂ ⚳⭞䆇㓞㥄椾ㇳ㨇忲㇚ˣ㚨⾓岢⍾ 1 €伶⃫㓞ℍㇳ㨇忲㇚ˤ⤪⎴∝彎Ṣ Ove Arup 䈡 ⇍⻟婧䘬炻ⶍ䦳䓊㤕㗗朊⮵⓷柴忚埴∝忈⿏㳣≽䘬柀➇炻㬌䧖∝忈⿏䘬㳣≽⊭⏓゛⁷ ≃ˣ䚜奢冯䱦拲䘬怠㑯炷This is a creative activity, involving imagination, intuition and deliberate choice炸炻ⓗ㚱德忶嶐柀➇⮰㤕Ṣㇵ⛐∝忈≃冯゛⁷≃䘬普⿅炻ㇵ傥䘤⯽↢ᶨ ᾳ䳸⎰ⶍ䦳㈨埻冯䚠斄柀➇⮰㤕忚侴㍸⋯䓇㳣⑩岒冯㓡嬲Ṣ栆㔯㖶䘬䓊⑩ˤ
ḳ⮎ᶲ炻ᶾ䓴䴻㾇婾⡯炷World Economic Forum, WEF炸⛐㛒Ἦⶍἄ⟙⏲㚠炷Future of Jobs Report炸ᷕ㊯↢ 2020 ⸜ 10 䧖⽭枰䘬ⶍἄ㈨傥炻∝忈≃䓙 2015 ⸜䘬䫔 10 ⎵帵 ⋯军䫔 3 ⎵炻侴⓷柴妋㰢傥≃炷complex problem solving炸ṵ䃞㗗䫔 1 ⎵炻㈡⇌⿅侫 炷critical thinking炸䓙䫔 4 ⎵⋯䁢䫔 2 ⎵ˤ㽛㳚⡐䇦㛔⣏⬠忚埴䘬Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ䲨㈨傥姽慷 ⍲㔁⬠㕡㟰炷Assessment and Teaching of twenty-first Century Skills project, ATC21S炸炻 ⇯德忶ẍ⿅侫㕡⺷ˣⶍἄ㕡⺷ˣⶍἄⶍ℟⍲䓇⬀傥≃䫱⚃ᾳ⎹⹎炻夷∫⋩䧖Ḵ⋩ᶨᶾ 䲨℔㮹暨℟⁁䘬斄挝傥≃炻∝忈≃炷creativity炸ˣ∝㕘炷innovation炸ˣ㈡⇌⿅侫炷critical thinking炸ˣ⓷柴妋㰢炷problem-solving炸⌛⛐℞ᷕ炷Binkley et al., 2012炸ˤ⛐伶⚳⇯⮯ ∝忈≃冯゛⁷≃句⮎㕤⣏⬠ⶍ䦳㔁做ᷕ炻⤪烉Princeton University ⶍ䦳冯ㅱ䓐䥹⬠昊
ㆸ䩳 Keller Center炻ẍ∝忈ˣ⬠佺ˣ㍊䳊ˣ㈽ℍ炷create, learn, explore, engage炸⚃ᾳ慵 溆➡梲⬠䓇∝忈傥≃ẍ⍲冯ẩ㤕䓴䘬忋䳸炷⊭⏓军ẩ㤕⣍Ờ⮎佺炸烊Stanford University ⛐⚳⭞䴻屣㓗㊩姕䩳 Epicenter炻怑䓐⮵尉㒜⍲ℐ伶⚳䘬ⶍ䦳柀➇⬠䓇冯䞼䨞Ṣ⒉炻⛐ 䳬䷼ㆸ⒉䳬ㆸᶲ⇯㵝味ⶍ䦳㔁做ˣ䥹㈨㤕ˣ䞼䨞ˣ䶂ᶲ㔁做ˣ∝忈≃冯姕妰柀➇炻ᷕ ⽫䴻屣㓗㊩䘬⮵尉⊭⏓⣏⬠ˣ㨇㥳冯䞼䨞╖ỵ炻⎒天傥㍸↢㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⬠䓇ⶍ䦳㔁做 䞍嬀冯∝㤕傥≃䘬ℏ⭡悥⎗ẍ㍸↢䓛婳ˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻役⸜Ἦ゛⁷≃㔁做冯䚠斄䞼䨞⛐⚳ ⢾Ṏ徸㻠ㆸ䁢ᶨᾳ㕘冰䘬嬘柴炻姙⣂䞍⎵⣏⬠映临ㆸ䩳゛⁷≃䞼䨞㨇㥳炻⤪烉University of Pennsylvania ㆸ䩳Ḯ Imagination Institute炻昌䓙䚖⇵叿⎵⽫䎮⬠⭞ R. SternbergˣD. K. Simonton 冯 B. S. Kaufman 㑼ảᷕ⽫䞼䨞⒉ᷳ⢾炻㚜⎹ℐᶾ䓴⽝㯪゛⁷≃䚠斄䞼 䨞妰䔓炷Grants Competition炸炻德忶嶐柀➇᷎句⮎㕤㔁做䎦⟜⎰ἄ䘬㕡⺷㍊妶゛⁷≃ 炷http://imagination-institute.org/炸ˤ 柀➇⮰㤕䞍嬀冯㈨埻䘬⁛㌰朆ⶍ䦳㔁做ⓗᶨ䘬䃎溆炻∝㕘⿅䵕䘬➡梲ḇ⎴㧋ㆸ䁢 㔁冯⬠䘬斄挝炻∝忈≃⛐ⶍ䦳㔁做柀➇ᷕ昌Ḯ㕘⣯䘬炷novel炸䈡⿏ᷳ⢾炻溆⫸ㆾ䓊⑩ 䘬≇傥冯⮎䓐⿏炷utility炸㚜㗗塓叿慵䘬朊⎹炻⮎䓐⿏⽭枰ㅱ䈡⭂䘬暨㯪炷desired utility炸 炷Shah, Smith, & Vargas-Hernandez, 2003炸炻⊭⏓㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⬠䓇∝忈≃䘬婚䦳䘤⯽ 炷Cropley & Cropley, 2000; Shoop & Ressler, 2011; Spuzic et al., 2016炸ˣ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠ᾉ⾝ 冯㔁⬠桐㟤炷Daly, Mosyjowski, & Seifert, 2014; Dumas, Schmidt, & Alexander, 2016; Nordstrom & Korpelainen, 2011; Pitso, 2013炸ˣ㚱㓰㍸⋯⬠䓇∝忈⿅侫䘬㔁⬠䫾䔍 炷Martínez, González Fernández, Campoy Cervera, García-Sánchez, & Ortega Mier, 2014; Zhou, 2012a,b炸ˣⶍ䦳⬠䓇∝忈⿅侫䘬姽慷ⶍ℟炷Charyton, 2011; Denson, Buelin, Lammi, & D'Amico, 2015; Passig & Cohen, 2014炸ˣ㍊妶ⶍ䦳柀➇⬠䓇䈡岒嬲枭冯゛⁷≃䘬斄Ὢ 炷Yueh, Chang, & Liang, 2013; Lin, Liang, Chang, & Liang, 2015炸䫱ˤ
⎘䀋䥹㈨悐冒 102 ⸜⹎崟℔攳⽝㯪ᶨ䲣↿ˬ゛⁷≃冯∝㕘⿅䵕圵ℍⶍ䦳㔁做˭Ṣ ㇵ➡做冯䞼䨞妰䔓炻ẍ㛇㍊妶゛⁷≃ㆾ∝忈≃⛐ⶍ䦳㔁做ᷳ斄挝奺刚ˣㆸ㓰姽Ộˣ∝ 㕘㔁⬠/⬠佺䫾䔍䫱炻⤪ỽ⮯∝シ゛⁷㧉⺷忳䓐军ⶍ䦳㔁做ᷕ炻⮎䁢⎘䀋㛒Ἦⶍ䦳Ṣㇵ 梲ㆸ侣廱䘬⣹㨇ˤ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷炷Ho, Wang, & Cheng, 2013炸⌛㗗ᶨᾳ㢵➢⎘ 䀋㔁做䎦⟜䘬∝シ゛⁷㔁⬠㧉⺷炻㬌㬟䦳㧉⺷⛐⓷柴⮶⎹⬠佺䘬➢䢶炻德忶㔁ⷓ䘬⺽ ⮶炻嬻⬠䓇傥忳䓐゛⁷≃憅⮵⼭妋㰢⓷柴忚埴㚱䚖䘬䘬゛⁷炻⽆䘤゛昶㭝攳⥳⛐儎㴟
ᷕ䘤゛↢㔠ᾳ⎗傥妋㰢⓷柴䘬溆⫸炻忚侴⽆ᷕ䮑怠↢庫䫎⎰䚖䘬䘬劍⸚溆⫸炻᷎⛐≽ ンᾖ㬋昶㭝⮳㈦ˣ慸㶭ˣ倗䳸ˣ慵䳬溆⫸攻䘬斄Ὢ炻忚侴⋗普溆⫸炻ℵ䴻䓙嘃㒔⮎ἄ 昶㭝侫慷⮎嶸⿏䘬⇌㕟炻䱦拲↢ᶨᾳ嵛ẍ妋㰢⓷柴䘬溆⫸炻㚨䳪⼊ㆸᶨᾳ⓷柴妋㰢ᷳ 㬟䦳ˤ䚖⇵忳䓐军⚳⮷ᶨ凔⛘⋨炷Wang, Ho, Wu, & Cheng, 2014; Wang, Ho, & Cheng, 2015烊䌳Ἓ䏒ˣ惕劙侨ˣỽ㙱䏒炻2016烊䌳Ἓ䏒ˣỽ㙱䏒ˣ恙㔯⼔ˣ惕劙侨炻2017烊 㚦䥨䌱炻2014烊㣲㢐㢈炻2017炸ˣῷ悱⍇ỷ㮹⛘⋨炷Chen, Ho, Wang, Cheng, & Liu, 2017炸 䫱䘬冒䃞柀➇婚䦳ˣ⚳⮷婆㔯婚䦳ˣ⣏⬠ⶍ䦳㔁做∝㕘婚䦳姕妰炷惕劙侨ˣỽ㙱䏒ˣ 㜿㶝㶁ˣ昛唯㰅炻2016烊Ho, Wang, Cheng, Chen, & Liu, 2017炸炻⛐婚䦳㧉䳬䘬䘤⯽冯 ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦䘬姽慷ᶲ炻⛯㚱寸䡑䘬ㆸ㝄ˤ ➢㕤㬌炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞䚖䘬䁢㍊妶䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍⶍ䦳㔁做婚䦳㧉䳬ᷳ 㔁⬠㓰㝄炻德忶䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷䘬圵ℍ炻↮㜸㬌婚䦳㧉䳬⮵㕤⬠䓇∝㕘⿅䵕冯㔁 ⷓ㔁⬠䘬㓡嬲炻ẍ㛇ἄ䁢㛒Ἦ嶐柀➇䘬ⶍ䦳Ṣㇵ➡做䘬⍫侫ˤ
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ມǵࣽᏢགྷႽΚᐕำኳԄ
A. Osborn炷1953炸㊯↢℟㚱∝忈⎗傥䘬゛⁷≃㗗忚埴⓷柴妋㰢㗪䘬斄挝傥≃炻⓷ 柴妋㰢䘬忶䦳枰德忶㒜㔋⿅侫冯倂㔪⿅侫䘬ṌḺ忳ἄ炻ẍ㚱㓰䘬妋㰢⓷柴炷Isaksen, Dorval, & Treffinger, 2000炸炻⛐䓊↢溆⫸䘬昶㭝䈡⇍暨天忳䓐㒜㔋⿏⿅侫゛⁷≃ˤ䥹 ⬠゛⁷≃忳ἄ㬟䦳㗗䩳➢㕤⮵⣂ỵᶾ䓴曺⮹⸜䘤㖶⯽䘬䷦⃒㊯⮶㔁ⷓ冯⃒⊅⬠䓇ᷳ 䞼䨞侴Ἦ炻德忶♜嫡䘬岒⿏屯㕁吸普冯↮㜸炻⺢㥳↢ᶨᾳ怑䓐㕤㔁做䎦⟜䘬㔁⬠㧉⺷ˤ 䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷䁢ᶱᾳ昶㭝炻ὅ⸷䁢䘤゛昶㭝炷Initiation Stage炸ˣ≽ンᾖ㬋昶㭝 炷Dynamic Adjustment Stage炸冯嘃㒔⮎ἄ昶㭝炷Virtual Implementation Stage炸炷Ho, Wang, Cheng, 2013烊娛夳⚾ 1炸炻℟㚱昶㭝⿏ˣ≽ン㺦≽冯⽒䑘䘬䈡刚ˤ㔁ⷓ⎗啱䓙忁ᶱᾳ昶 㭝䘬ὅ⸷⺽⮶炻㽨䘤᷎⺽⮶⬠䓇忳䓐⣑䓇䘬゛⁷≃憅⮵䓇㳣␐怕⼭妋㰢䘬⓷柴忚埴䘤 ゛炻⽆⇅㛇䘬栀シ䘤゛ˣ溻⊝⬠䓇゛↢崲⣂溆⫸崲⤥ˣ⽆溆⫸攻憅⮵⓷柴䳬⎰ㆾ妋㜸 ㆸ㚨Ἓ䘬溆⫸ˣ㚨⼴⼊ㆸ㚱≑㕤⓷柴妋㰢䘬溆⫸ˤ㬟䦳ᷕ䘬⎬昶㭝⛯㚱⺽⮶㔁⬠䘬㟠 ⽫㤪⾝炻侴㚨䳪䘬溆⫸䓊↢ᶵ姕旸⽭枰䁢ᶨᾳ℟橼㚱䓐䘬ㆸ⑩炻侴㗗溆⫸⍇✳ 炷prototype炸炻㬌䈡刚⮎㚱≑㕤䨩䟜䓊⑩䘬㟮㝞炻傥⣈嬻⬠䓇䘬゛⁷≃㚱㚜⣂㎖㿹䘬䨢 攻ˤ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷⎬昶㭝ℏ⭡婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉
ǵวགྷ໘ࢤǺ
憅⮵䓇㳣ᷕ⼭妋㰢䘬⓷柴炻⿅䳊⎗埴䘬妋㰢㕡⺷ˣ▿娎ㆾ䳬⎰忳䓐ⶍ℟䫱炻⌛㗗 ゛⁷≃攳⥳忳ἄ䘬⣹㨇ˤ⛐㔁⬠ᶲ炻㔁ⷓⷠẍˬἈ奢⼿Ἀ冒ㆾ㗗⭞Ṣ䘬䓇㳣ᷕ㚱Ṩ 湤ᶵ㕡ὧ䘬⛘㕡烎˭ˣˬἈ㚱㰺㚱㚦䴻゛忶⾶湤妋㰢烎˭炻⺽⮶⬠䓇忚ℍ゛⁷≃㧉⺷䘬 䘤゛昶㭝炷Initiation Stage烊Ho et al, 2013炸ˤ⛐⚾ 1 䘬䫔ᶨⰌ暚㛝ᷕ炻䨢⽫䘬⚾⼊堐䣢 ⬠䓇德忶⣑䓇℟㚱䘬゛⁷≃䓊䓇䘬溆⫸炻忁ṃ溆⫸⣏悐↮冯⼭妋㰢⓷柴䃉斄烊⮎⽫䘬 ⚾⼊堐䣢⬠䓇憅⮵⼭妋㰢⓷柴忚埴䘤゛⼴䓊䓇䘬溆⫸ˤ䘤゛昶㭝䘬゛⁷≃忳ἄ䘬慵溆 ⛐㕤䓊䓇㚱≑⓷柴妋㰢䘬溆⫸慷ˤ㬌䧖忳䓐゛⁷≃憅⮵冒幓ㆾṾṢ㕤䓇㳣ᷕ忯⇘䘬 ⼭妋㰢⓷柴忚埴䘤゛䘬傥≃⌛䁢ˬ㻓゛≃炷Brainstorming炸˭炻㗗ᶨ䧖⣑楔埴䨢ˣ㻓䃉 怲晃䘬⿅侫廱⊾䁢⓷柴妋㰢⮶⎹䘬⿅侫炷Ho et al, 2013炸ˤ德忶㻓゛≃炻⬠䓇傥⣈䨩䟜 旸⇞ˣ㻓䃉怲晃䘬゛↢姙⣂⎗傥妋㰢⓷柴䘬溆⫸ˤ㬌㗪炻Ho 䫱Ṣ炷2013炸㔁⬠䘬慵溆 ⛐㕤嬻⬠䓇゛↢崲⣂䘬溆⫸崲⤥炻⚈㬌⬠䓇゛↢䘬溆⫸⿏岒慵墯⿏⼰檀炻德忶䞼䨞 䘬↮㜸䳸㝄栗䣢忈ㆸ㬌䧖䎦尉䘬⍇⚈⛐㕤䚠⎴⬠佺昶㭝䘬⬠䓇㚱叿ℙ⎴䘬䓇㳣䴻槿炻 ⤪烉㔯℟䓐⑩ˣㇻ㌫䓐℟䫱炻悥㗗⬠䓇ⷠ夳䘬䘤゛溆⫸栆✳ˤ Βǵᄊঅ҅໘ࢤǺ ⚾ 1 䘬䫔ḴⰌ暚㛝ẋ堐≽ンᾖ㬋昶㭝ˤ≽ンᾖ㬋昶㭝ᷕ炻㔁ⷓ⺽⮶⬠䓇⛐溆⫸攻 ㈦⺢䩳斄Ὢ炻⚾ᷕ忋㍍溆⫸䘬䶂㭝ẋ堐溆⫸攻䘬斄忋炻䶂㡅崲㖶栗ẋ堐溆⫸攻䘬斄忋 崲⻟炻侴㛒忋㍍溆⫸䘬䶂㭝⇯堐䣢溆⫸攻䘬䞃䚦ㆾḺ㕍斄Ὢˤ≽ンᾖ㬋昶㭝ᷣ天䘬≇ 傥䁢⺽⮶⬠䓇⿅侫冯↮彐溆⫸攻䘬斄Ὢ炻德忶倂拲溆⫸冯ᾖ㬋炻憅⮵ⷞ妋㰢⓷柴䘤⯽ ↢㕘⣯䘬溆⫸ˤ㔁ⷓⷠẍˬἈ奢⼿忁ṃ゛㱽㚱Ṩ湤ℙ忂溆烎˭ˣˬ忁ᾳ溆⫸⤥⁷ᶵ⣈妋 㰢⓷柴炻天ᶵ天≈ℍ℞Ṿ溆⫸␊烎˭ˤ德忶㍸⓷炻嬻⬠䓇℟㚱ℑ䧖傥≃炻䫔ᶨ䧖㗗倗䳸 溆⫸炻㕡⺷⊭⏓倗䳸䚠役䘬溆⫸ˣ⺞Ỡ㤪⾝冯㌺↢䞃䚦斄Ὢ䫱炻忚侴䳬ㆸᶨᾳ㚨Ἓˣ 㚱≑㕤⓷柴妋㰢䘬㕘⣯溆⫸炻㬌䧖傥≃䁢ˬ倗゛≃炷Association炸˭ˤ䫔Ḵ䧖㗗ˬ⣯゛ ≃炷Transformation, and Elaboration炸˭炻㗗␥⎵溆⫸䘬傥≃炻シ㊯娖慳㚨Ἓ溆⫸䓐徼ˣ 䈡刚冯⃒仢溆䫱炻㔁ⷓẍ天㯪⬠䓇憅⮵溆⫸忚埴␥⎵Ἦ⺽⮶⬠䓇炷Ho et al, 2013炸ˤ
Οǵᔕჴբ໘ࢤǺ
⛐䴻㬟䘤゛昶㭝炷溆⫸䘤゛炸ˣ≽ンᾖ㬋炷㈦↢㚨⎗傥妋㰢⓷柴䘬溆⫸炸⼴炻⤪ỽ
ἄ⑩⍇✳炷prototype炸ˣ妰䔓䫱炷Ho et al, 2013炸炻䴻䓙㩊槿冯姽慷䘬㨇⇞⼴炻⮯䓊↢℟ 橼⎗妋㰢⓷柴䘬ἄ⑩ˤ⛐㬌昶㭝ᷕ炻㔁ⷓẍ㍸⓷䘬㕡⺷忚埴⺽⮶炻⤪烉ˬ゛天䓐Ṩ湤㛸 㕁烎˭ˣˬ天⾶湤䳬墅烎˭ˣˬἄ⑩㚨⼴㚫攟ㆸṨ湤㧋⫸烎˭炻德忶㍸⓷⺽⮶⬠䓇奨⮇㖍ⷠ 䓇㳣␐怕⎗傥忳䓐䘬䶂䳊炻᷎⸓≑⬠䓇倗䳸㖊㚱䴻槿ẍ℟橼婒㖶溆⫸䘬≇傥炻᷎⋼≑ ⬠䓇丒墥姕妰⚾冯墥ἄ㧉✳炻ㆸ䁢㖍⼴∝ἄ䘬➢䢶炻㬌䧖゛⁷傥≃䧙䁢ˬ⥁゛≃ 炷ConceptualizationˣOrganizationˣFormation炸˭ˤ 䘤゛昶㭝 Initiation Stage ≽ンᾖ㬋昶㭝 Dynamic Adjustment Stage 嘃㒔⮎ἄ昶㭝 Virtual Implementation Stage 㻓゛ Brainstorm ⣯゛ Transformation Elaboration 倗゛ Association ⥁゛ Conceptualization Organization Formation
კ 1ǵࣽᏢགྷႽΚၮբᐕำ(The Process of Scientific Imagination; Ho et al, 2013)
ୖ
ୖǵࣴزБݤ
㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐⮯䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷ㅱ䓐军ⶍ⬠昊婚䦳ᷕ炻䘤⯽ẍ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳 㧉⺷䁢➢䢶䘬婚䦳㧉䳬炻᷎德忶㸾⮎槿姕妰忚埴⬠䓇∝シ゛⁷傥≃ㆸ㓰姽Ộˤ⚈㬌炻 㛔䞼䨞⮯ℤ㍉岒⿏冯慷⊾䞼䨞㕡㱽炻ẍ㍊䨞䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷㕤ⶍ⬠昊婚䦳ᷳ怑䓐 ね⼊ẍ⍲⮵⬠䓇⬠佺ᷳ⼙枧ˤ ǵࣴزჹຝ ℙ↮䁢㌰婚㔁ⷓˣᾖ婚⬠䓇䫱ℑ栆ˤ㌰婚㔁ⷓ䓙⎘䀋⋿悐㝸⣏⬠ⶍ⬠昊⎬䲣ᷕ炻 ⽝㯪冒栀⍫冯䞼䨞ᷳ㔁ⷓ䁢⮵尉炻ℙ㚱暣㨇ⶍ䦳⬠䲣ˣ㨇㡘冯㨇暣ⶍ䦳⬠䲣ˣ忂妲ⶍ䦳䞼䨞ˣ䑘⠫ⶍ䦳䞼䨞冯暣ⶍ䦳⬠䲣䫱Ḽᾳ䲣ˣℕỵ㔁ⷓˣℕ攨婚ἄ䁢㛔䞼 䨞⮵尉炷堐 1炸ˤᾖ婚⬠䓇䁢ᾖ佺ᶲ徘婚䦳ᷳ⬠䓇ˤẍ㌰婚㔁ⷓ䁢⮵尉炻⛐㕤㍊妶ⶍ⬠ 昊㔁做⮵㕤䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ婚䦳ᷳ䚳㱽冯怑ㅱね⼊烊ẍ⬠䓇䁢⮵尉炻⛐㕤䝕 妋⮎㕥婚䦳⇵⼴炻⬠䓇∝シ⿅侫傥≃ᷳⶖ䔘ˤ ߄ 1ǵࣴزჹຝᄔा߄ ጓ ጓဦ س܌ձ/௲ৣ ፐำӜᆀ 103-2 Ԗਏኬҁ 104-2 Ԗਏኬҁ 105-2 Ԗਏኬҁ 1 ႝᐒس/ Q а༾Ꮤࣁ୷ᘵϐႝၡीჴ୍ 17 19 17 2 ᐒႝس/ QC ᐒႝჴբᚒࣴ(Β) 36 56 52 3 ೯ૻ܌/W ᐒᏔᏢಞ 13 16 18 4 ᕉπ܌/ L ӆғૈྍמೌ * 9 3 5 ᕉπ܌/ JL НၗྍᆅᆶԾٰНس 22 10 21 6 Ӏႝس/ Y ബཥၗૻࣽמᔈҔ 9 35 28 ӝी 97 145 139 ຏǺ1.௲ৣӜᆀажဦᡉҢǶ 2.ԖਏኬҁཀࡰֹԋҁࣴزၗᇆำׇޑঅፐᏢғǴЪӕཀၗՉࣴزϐҔǶ 3.߄Ңঅಞ၀ፐำᏢғ҂ֹԋҁࣴزϐၗᇆǶ Βǵࣴزπڀ 㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐Ḽ䧖䞼䨞ⶍ℟忚埴屯㕁吸普炻↮⇍䁢゛⁷≃圵ℍ㔁㟰姕妰ˣ姒婯ˣ婚 ⭌奨⮇ˣ⮎槿㔁⬠⚆棳╖冯㕘䶐∝シ⿅侫㷔槿䫱ˤ℞ᷕ炻゛⁷≃圵ℍ㔁㟰冯㕘䶐∝シ ⿅侫㷔槿䁢ᷣ天䞼䨞屯㕁炻姒婯ˣ婚⭌奨⮇ˣ⚆棳╖䫱䁢㔁⬠㓰㝄ᷳ庼≑屯㕁ˤ ȐȑࣽᏢགྷႽΚፐำीǺ ⍫冯㛔䞼䨞ᷳℕỵ㔁ⷓ冒怠圵ℍ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷ᷳ╖⃫炻ὅ䄏⎬昶㭝ˬ㻓゛ ≃ˣ倗゛≃ˣ⣯゛≃ˣ⥁゛≃˭䘬゛⁷≃㬟䦳忚埴婚䦳㳣≽ˤ㔁㟰ℏ⭡䴻䓙柀➇⮰⭞ 䳬ㆸᷳ婚䦳⛀昲忚埴⮑㞍炷⊭⏓Ḵỵ℟⌂⢓⬠ỵᷳ∝シ⿅侫冯㔁⬠≃柀➇⮰⭞ˣᶨỵ 㔁做⽫䎮⬠ᷣᾖ⮰攟⌂⢓䓇ˣḴỵ䡑⢓䳂屯㶙䞼䨞≑䎮炻ℙ 5 ỵ婚䦳媖娊ㆸ⒉炸炻⮑ 㞍慵溆䁢㔁⬠㳣≽⬱㌺㗗⏎ὅ䄏゛⁷≃㬟䦳忚埴姕妰ˣ圵ℍ⺷䘬㔁⬠姕妰㗪攻㗗⏎怑 䔞ˣ㗗⏎㍸ὃ⬠䓇嵛⣈䘬㗪攻忚埴溆⫸䓊↢䫱⺢嬘炻㍸ὃ㌰婚㔁ⷓἄ䁢㔁㟰ᾖ㓡⺢嬘ˤ ȐΒȑৣғೖፋǺ ↮䁢ℕỵ㌰婚㔁ⷓ冯ḅỵ冒栀⍿姒䘬ᾖ婚⬠䓇炻㕤婚䦳╖⃫䳸㜇⼴↮⇍忚埴⋲䳸 㥳⺷姒婯炷堐 2炸ˤ
߄ 2ǵೖፋεᆜ ௲ৣೖፋεᆜ Ꮲғೖፋεᆜ 1. ፎ௲ৣᙁॊԾρޑߏǵङඳǶ 2. ፎ௲ৣᙁॊ೭ፐ೭Ꮲයޑ௲ᏢБԄǻᆶၸ ѐޑ௲ᏢБԄԖՖόӕǻ 3. ፎඔॊᏢғϩձӧᗺηวགྷ໘ࢤǵᄊঅ҅໘ ࢤǵᔕჴբ໘ࢤਔޑ߄ࣁՖǻ௲ৣӧፐ ϷፐࡕࢂӵՖЇᏤᏢғǻ 4. ௲ৣܭ௲Ꮲǵ௲Ꮲύǵ௲ᏢࡕǴᎁၶၸব٤ ֚ᜤǻ 5. ௲ৣ চӃޑ ௲Ꮲी ᆶჴሞ ௲Ꮲޑ ৡ౦ ࣁ Ֆǻ҂ٰӵՖૈ׳ᆒጏԜ௲Ꮲኳಔǻ 6. ௲ৣᐕ೭Ꮲයޑჴᡍ௲ᏢࡕǴགགྷࣁՖǻ ӧҁፐำύǴനεޑԏᛘࢂǻ ҂ٰऩ໒ᒤ࣬ᜢፐำǴፎୢாޑࡌᆶ ӣ㎸ǻ Ȑ ȐΟȑჴᡍ௲Ꮲӣ㎸ൂǺ ⚆棳╖䁢冒昛⺷Ḽ溆慷堐炻䓙朆ⷠ⎴シ炷5 ↮炸军朆ⷠᶵ⎴シ炷1 ↮炸炻㕤婚䦳䳸 㜇⼴䓙⬠䓇⠓⮓䘬シ夳⚆棳炻朊⎹⊭⏓婚䦳暋⹎ˣ冒ㆹ⬠佺ね⼊姽Ộˣᾖ佺シ栀䫱ˤ ȐѤȑཥጓബࡘԵෳᡍǺ 娚㷔槿䁢⏛朄⎱䫱Ṣ炷1998炸䶐⇞炻䁢䚖⇵⎘䀋⺋㲃䓐ẍ㷔慷ᾳ橼∝シ⿅䵕䘬 ⶍ℟炻⊭㊔婆㔯ˬ䪡䬟⫸˭ˣ⚾⼊ˬṢ˭ℑᾳ↮㷔槿炻㷔槿䶐⇞㧋㛔䁢冢䀋⚳⮷ˣ⚳ᷕˣ 檀ᷕˣ⣏⬠冯䞼䨞䘬⬠䓇炻ℙ妰 2311 ỵˤᾉ⹎悐↮炻婆㔯⍲⚾⼊㷔槿䘬㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲 忂≃ˣ䌐∝≃ᷳᾉ⹎䘮忼 .93 ẍᶲˤ㓰⹎悐↮炻婆㔯㷔槿ẍˬ㉻⺬⿅⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔 槿ḁ⺷˭ᷕ䘬ˬ䨢仸⫸˭䁢㓰㧁炻㳩㙊≃䘬䚠斄䁢 .70ˣ嬲忂≃䁢 .62烊⚾⼊㷔槿ẍˬ㉻ ⺬⿅⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔槿䓚⺷˭ᷕ䘬ˬ⸛埴䶂˭䁢㓰㧁炻㳩㙊≃䘬䚠斄䁢 .75ˣ嬲忂≃ 䁢 .63ˣ䌐∝≃䁢 .57ˤ⚈㬌炻㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐婆㔯ˬ䪡䬟⫸˭ˣ⚾⼊ˬṢ˭ℑᾳ㷔槿炻 㷔⼿ᷳ㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃ˣ䌐∝≃冯䱦忚≃⚃枭↮㔠炻 䁢㛔䞼䨞⍿㷔⬠䓇ᷳ∝シ゛⁷ ㊯㧁ˤ Οǵၗᆶϩ 㛔䞼䨞ℤ㍉岒⿏冯慷⊾屯㕁吸普炻⛐䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ㔁㟰姕妰ˣ姒婯ˣ 婚⭌奨⮇悐↮ẍ岒⿏㕡㱽忚埴↮㜸ˤ㔁㟰姕妰悐↮炻䓙䞼䨞⛀昲忚埴㔁⬠㳣≽姕妰㩊 㟠炻㩊夾ˬ㻓倗⣯⥁˭⛐㔁⬠㳣≽ᷕ圵ℍね⼊炻㍸ὃ⚆棳シ夳ὃ㌰婚㔁ⷓᾖ㓡炻ẍ䫎
⎰䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷ˤⷓ䓇姒婯抬枛㨼ˣ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㩊㟠堐ẍ⍲婚⭌奨⮇䲨抬悐↮炻 䘮䓙䞼䨞⛀昲䷽ㇻ徸⫿䧧ˤ᷎䓙 2 ỵ㔁做䚠斄柀➇䡑⢓䳂ẍᶲᷳ䞼䨞Ṣ⒉忚埴䶐䡤妻 䶜炻妻䶜㗪攻䁢 60 ↮揀炻ẍ ATLAS.ti 㬌ᶨ䶐䡤庇橼炻憅⮵姒婯屯㕁Ḱẍ䶐䡤冯⎴₽ 㩊㟠炷peer review炸炻℞姽↮侭ᶨ农⿏暨忼 .7 ẍᶲ炷Miles & Huberman, 1994; 64炸ˤ⮎ 槿㔁⬠⚆棳╖冯㕘䶐∝忈⿅侫㷔槿⇯ẍ SPSS 䴙妰庇橼↮㜸炻↮⇍忚埴㍷徘䴙妰ˣ䚠 ὅ㧋㛔 t 侫槿↮㜸㔁⬠⇵⼴⬠䓇∝シ゛⁷傥≃䘬ⶖ䔘ね⼊ˤ Ѥ Ѥǵࣴزࢬำᆶᡯ 㛔䞼䨞➟埴㛇攻䁢 103 军 105 ⬠⸜⹎䘬䫔Ḵ⬠㛇炷ℕ攨婚䦳⛯⛐ᶳ⬠㛇攳姕炸炻 㛇䚤啱䓙ᶱᾳ⬠㛇䘬㔁⬠炻德忶䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷䘬圵ℍ炻䁢ⶍ⬠昊婚䦳ⷞℍ㕘䘬 朊尴冯侣廱䘬⎗傥ˤ㭷⬠⸜⹎䫔Ḵ⬠㛇ᷳ⇅炻䞼䨞⛀昲怨婳㌰婚㔁ⷓ⎔攳婚䦳䘤⯽㚫 嬘炻㕤㚫嬘ᷕ嫃徘䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷䘬㟠⽫㤪⾝炻ẍ⍲圵ℍ婚䦳䘬ἄ㱽炻᷎㍸愺㌰ 婚㔁ⷓ䓙䎦埴婚䦳ᷕ冒怠╖⃫忚埴圵ℍ炻╖⃫婚䦳忚埴⇵暨丛Ṍ㔁⬠㳣≽姕妰ẍ⇑㩊 㟠ˤℕ攨婚䦳ὅ䄏㔁⬠忚⹎忚埴炻㔁⬠忚埴㛇攻㔁ⷓ暨⠓⮓㔁⬠㩊㟠堐炻䞼䨞⛀昲ℍ 䎕忚埴婚⭌奨⮇炻᷎㕤╖⃫㔁⬠㳣≽⼴姒婯㔁ⷓ冯⬠䓇ˤ㬌⢾炻⬠䓇⛐╖⃫㔁⬠⇵ˣ ⼴⛯暨⬴ㆸ㕘䶐∝忈⿅侫㷔槿ˤ
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ǵπำ௲ػჴ୍ബཥፐำኳಔ 㛔䞼䨞ℙ䘤⯽↢ℕᾳ婚䦳㧉䳬炻↮⇍䁢暣㨇䲣ˬẍ⽖㍏☐䁢➢䢶ᷳ暣嶗姕妰⮎⊁˭ 婚䦳ᷕ䘬ˬ䃉䶂⃭暣⮎⊁˭ˣ㨇暣䲣ˬ㨇暣⮎ἄ⮰柴䞼妶˭婚䦳ᷕ䘬ˬ傥慷廱㎃墅伖姕 妰冯墥ἄ˭ˣ忂妲ˬ㨇㡘⬠佺˭婚䦳ᷕ䘬ˬ徜㬠↮㜸冯↮栆䲣䴙˭ˣ䑘ⶍˬ㯜屯㸸 䭉䎮冯冒Ἦ㯜䲣䴙˭婚䦳ᷕ䘬ˬ㰁㯜⺈㯜ℵ䓇⇑䓐˭冯ˬℵ䓇傥㸸㈨埻˭婚䦳ᷕ䘬ˬ㱡 ⑩䘬Ἦ㸸˭ˣ暣䲣ˬ∝㕘屯妲䥹㈨ㅱ䓐˭婚䦳ᷕ䘬ˬἧ䓐侭暨㯪㍊䳊˭䫱ˤ⇵ᶨ⬠㛇 䘬㔁⬠䴻槿䁢ᶳᶨᾳ⬠㛇㔁⬠㳣≽姕妰ᾖ㓡䘬➢䢶炻⛐㬟䴻ᶱᾳ⬠㛇䘬㔁⬠冯ᾖ㬋⼴炻 㬌ℕᾳ婚䦳㧉䳬℟橼⎗埴ˤẍ W 侩ⷓˬ㨇㡘⬠佺˭婚䦳䁢ἳ炷⚾ 2炸炻㔁ⷓ暨⮯㻓倗 ⣯⥁䘬䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷斄挝⚈䳈圵ℍ㔁⬠ᷕ炻㻓゛≃シ㊯㔁ⷓ啱䓙䓇㳣⮎ἳ⺽⮶ ⬠䓇⿅侫⼭妋㰢⓷柴炻倗゛≃シ㊯㔁ⷓ⺽⮶⬠䓇㔜䎮⎬ᾳ⓷柴妋㰢㕡⺷ᷕ䘬斄Ὢ炻⣯ ゛≃⛐㕤德忶ⷓ䓇Ḻ≽ˣ⎴₽妶婾倂䃎⎗埴溆⫸炻㚨⼴忋䳸⬠䥹⮰攨䞍嬀⮯溆⫸℟⁷ ⊾炻䓊䓇ㆸ䅇䘬溆⫸ẍ妋㰢⓷柴ˤ⛐ℤ栏柀➇⮰攨䞍嬀䘬⁛怆冯∝シ゛⁷⿅䵕䘬⺽⮶炻 嬻⬠䓇⛐㔁ⷓ䆇忈䘬ね⠫ᶳ炻圵⎰⮰攨䞍嬀冯∝㕘⿅䵕忚埴⓷柴妋㰢ˤკ 2ǵȨᐒᏔᏢಞȩፐำኳಔጄٯ Β ΒǵࣽᏢགྷႽΚᑼΕ௲Ꮲϐԋਏ Ȑȑ௲ᏢࡕᏢғബཀགྷႽૈΚϐ 㛔䞼䨞ẍ䚠ὅ㧋㛔 t 㩊⭂炻徸⸜忚埴⬠䓇⛐㔁⬠⇵⼴ᷳ∝シ゛⁷傥≃↮㜸ˤ䫔ᶨ ⬠⸜䘬䳸㝄栗䣢炻䴻䓙䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠⼴炻⬠䓇⛐ˬ婆㔯∝忈⿅侫㷔 槿˭䘬ᶱᾳ朊⎹炷㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃冯䌐∝≃炸ᶲ䘮忼⇘栗叿ⶖ䔘炻Ṏ⌛⬠䓇⛐婆妨∝ 忈≃ᶲ炻ᶵ婾㗗㔠慷ˣ栆✳ˣ䌐∝⿏悥㚱忚㬍烊䃞侴⛐ˬ⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔槿˭䘬⚃ ᾳ朊⎹炷㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃ˣ䌐∝≃冯䱦忚≃炸ᶲ䘮㛒忼栗叿㯜㸾炻堐䣢⬠䓇⛐⚾⼊㕡 朊䘬∝忈≃㰺㚱㖶栗䘬㓡嬲炷⤪堐 3炸ˤ䫔Ḵ⬠⸜䘬䳸㝄栗䣢炻䴻䓙䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉 ⺷圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠⼴炻⬠䓇㕤ˬ婆㔯∝忈⿅侫㷔槿˭䘬ᶱᾳ朊⎹炷㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃冯䌐∝ ≃炸ᷕ炻䌐∝≃忼⇘栗叿ⶖ䔘炻Ṏ⌛䴻⮎槿㔁⬠⼴炻⬠䓇傥゛⇘㚜⣂㕘䧶䘬䓐徼ˤ 侴⛐ˬ⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔槿˭䘬⚃ᾳ朊⎹炷㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃ˣ䌐∝≃冯䱦忚≃炸ᶲ炻 㚱䱦忚≃忼栗叿㯜㸾炷⤪堐 4炸ˤ䫔ᶱ⬠⸜䘬䳸㝄栗䣢炻䴻䓙䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ ⺷㔁⬠⼴炻⬠䓇㕤ˬ婆㔯∝忈⿅侫㷔槿˭䘬ᶱᾳ朊⎹炷㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃冯䌐∝≃炸ᷕ炻 䌐∝≃ˣ嬲忂≃冯䌐∝≃䘮忼⇘栗叿ⶖ䔘炻Ṏ⌛䴻⮎槿㔁⬠⼴炻⬠䓇傥゛⇘㚜⣂㔠慷ˣ
㚜⣂䧖栆⍲㚜㕘䧶䘬溆⫸ˤ侴⛐ˬ⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔槿˭䘬⚃ᾳ朊⎹炷㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃ˣ 䌐∝≃冯䱦忚≃炸ᶲ炻⇯㚱䱦忚≃忼栗叿㯜㸾炷⤪堐 5炸ˤ ߄ 3ǵಃᏢԃࣽᏢགྷႽΚᑼΕԄ௲ᏢǵࡕᏢғബཀགྷႽ߄ ཥጓബࡘԵෳᡍ ӛࡋ Mࡕෳ-ෳ SD t d ᇟЎബࡘԵෳᡍ ȐԮηȑ ࢬᄣΚ 2.59 6.45 3.95** 0.28 ᡂ೯Κ 0.83 3.17 2.56* 0.21 ᐱബΚ 3.39 7.36 4.54** 0.35 კബࡘԵෳ ȐΓȑ ࢬᄣΚ 0.47 5.17 0.90 0.08 ᡂ೯Κ -0.24 3.14 -0.74 -0.07 ᐱബΚ 0.74 6.36 1.15 0.11 ᆒΚ -0.40 4.08 -0.97 -0.11 ຏǺ**p<.001ǹ*p<.05Ƕn=97Ƕ ߄ 4ǵಃΒᏢԃࣽᏢགྷႽΚᑼΕԄ௲ᏢǵࡕᏢғബཀགྷႽ߄ ཥጓബࡘԵෳᡍ ӛࡋ Mࡕෳ-ෳ SD t d ᇟЎബࡘԵෳᡍ ȐԮηȑ ࢬᄣΚ 0.85 7.28 1.42 0.24 ᡂ೯Κ 0.29 3.65 0.97 0.16 ᐱബΚ 1.96 9.51 2.50** 0.41 კബࡘԵෳ ȐΓȑ ࢬᄣΚ -0.33 6.22 -0.64 -0.11 ᡂ೯Κ -0.30 3.87 -0.94 0.16 ᐱബΚ 0.23 7.56 0.37 0.06 ᆒΚ -1.55 3.91 -4.81*** -0.80 ຏǺ**p<.01ǹ***p<.001Ƕn=145Ƕ ߄ 5ǵಃΟᏢԃࣽᏢགྷႽΚᑼΕԄ௲ᏢǵࡕᏢғബཀགྷႽ߄ ཥጓബࡘԵෳᡍ ӛࡋ Mࡕෳ-ෳ SD t d ᇟЎബࡘԵෳᡍ ȐԮηȑ ࢬᄣΚ 2.51 7.99 3.72*** 0.25 ᡂ೯Κ 0.51 3.12 1.95* 0.14 ᐱബΚ 2.86 10.95 3.09** 0.23 კബࡘԵෳ ȐΓȑ ࢬᄣΚ 0.67 5.27 1.51 0.10 ᡂ೯Κ -0.01 3.21 -0.03 0.00 ᐱബΚ 0.56 6.55 1.01 0.08 ᆒΚ 1.05 4.48 2.77** 0.22 ຏǺ*p<.05ǹ**p<.01ǹ***p<.001Ƕn=139Ƕ
Ȑ ȐΒȑ௲ৣჹࣽᏢགྷႽΚᑼΕ௲Ꮲϐௗڙ 1. ௲ ৣ ག ڙ Ꮲ ғ ߄ ၨ ࣁ Ь 䓙㔁ⷓ姒婯䳸㝄ᷕ⎗䘤䎦炻䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ⺷婚䦳嬻㌰婚㔁ⷓデ⍿冯 ẍ⼨ᶵ⎴䘬婚➪㯃⚵炻⬠䓇䘬⬠佺堐䎦庫ᷣ≽炻⤪烉ᷣ≽⍫冯婚➪ˣ栀シ⍫≈妶婾ˣ ⡆≈⎴₽Ḻ≽冯⚆棳䫱ˤ ൩ࢂၟךаޑᢀჸКၨόኬǴ…ฅࡕךวǴԖ٤Ꮲғךаࣁдᔈ၀ࢂК ၨЕǵ্ಚޑΓǴ่݀дӧѠ߄ளߚதޑ॥፪ǴֹӄၟךޑགྷႽό ኬ೭ኬǴᡂΑঁΓޑٗᅿགǶࣗԿวᇥǴচҁӳႽ࣮ଆٰόࢂٗሶޑሦ ᏤύЈޑΓǴёࢂдӧϩಔޑਔংǴӢࣁдගрΑ٤གྷݤϐࡕǴᡂԋࢂঁϩ ಔӧр APP ၸำύࢂঁКၨୃӛཷۺޑሦᏤΓрٰǶȜYT105ȝ ȨзךКၨ౦ޑᗺ൩ࢂᇥǴך໒ܫεৎፕޑਔংǴεৎКၨЬǴε ৎᜫཀѐፕǶಃΒᗺࢂך໒ܫεৎ๏ӣ㎸ǵගୢᚒޑਔংǴдॺۚฅΨ ೭ҹ٣Ǵ೭ࢂךԾρளόϼኬޑӦБǶ……εৎϸԶࡐᜫཀගࡐӭୢ ᚒǶх֖ࢂձޑಔдॺΨගୢᚒѐୢǴёૈፐፕѐ೭ҹ٣ǶȩȜYT104ȝ ȨаךεཷΨࢂࡐѨఈᏢғ࡛ሶٗሶӼᓉǴନΑ೭ঁፐǴΑаࡕ൩ว ځჴόฅǴᏢғдԖࡐӭޑགྷႽޜ໔ёа໒วǶȩȜQT103ȝ 2. ৣ ғ ϕ ቚ у 䓙㕤䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷⻟婧䘤゛ˣ忋䳸冯⮎ἄ䘬㤪⾝炻嬻㔁ⷓ冯⬠䓇攻䓊䓇 Ḻ≽炻忚侴䚠Ḻ㽨䚒↢溆⫸ˤ аፐКၨୃӛᇥך௲дॺǴჹᏢғٰᖱǴдॺѝࢂ᠋ךᖱԶςǴӧᡂԋλ ಔፕǴ܌адॺόӕሦୱޑΓӧଆ൩ᖱрόӕޑܿՋǴႽдॺԛٗঁ ϙሶ൩Ԗόӕڻڻ܁܁ޑགྷݤрٰǴ೭གྷݤόـளࢂᒱᇤ܈ࣗሶޑǶךޑག ԿϿᏢғдඪᖱрٰǴӧፕޑၸำύǴдѝाඪᖱрٰ೭൩ࢂঁ҅य़ᄊ ࡋǶȜLT103ȝ Ȩځჴவύ᠋ډࡐӭΓޑ٤ԖബཀޑགྷݤǴ൩ࢂೱךؒԖགྷၸޑǶჹǴ ٗךࡐᡋǴΨ൩ࢂ೭ঁচӢǴ൩ࢂך…ࡕٰךᗋࢂѐ٤Ǵ൩ࢂᇥд ගޑ೭٤ୢᚒǴӢࣁගΑ೭ঁเਢǴࡕុԖਔংךᗋԾρѐགྷགྷᇥ࣮࣮Ԗ ؒԖࣗሶኬޑёՉǶȩȜWT103ȝ
3. ௲௲ ৣ ௲Ꮲ ᄊࡋ ׳ᡉ ໒ܫ 㔜橼侴妨炻䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠䌚⼿⍫冯㔁ⷓ䘬偗⭂ˤ⛐㔁⬠忶䦳ᷕ炻⎗ẍ 䘤䎦⬠䓇䘬⬠佺≽㨇㚱栗叿㍸⋯炻庫ẍ⼨㚜ᷣ≽ˣ㚜㈽ℍ㕤⬠佺ᷕˤᶼ⮵⬠䓇䘬∝ シ゛⁷傥≃⍲゛㱽䘬⣂㧋⿏デ⇘䚠䔞樂姅炻⽆侴ẍ㚜攳㓦䘬ン⹎忚埴㔁⬠Ḻ≽ˤ ȨךளߚதӳǴ൩ࢂᇥдॺрٰޑԋ݀൩ࢂςຬЯךޑགྷႽǴ…ךΨ࣮ډ КၨӭӕᏢࢂ೭ኬǴԖགྷݤǴΨЋѐǴ܌адޑ่݀…ࡐӭޑ่݀ຬЯך ޑႣයǶȩȜWT105ȝ Ȩ೭ץᏢғ܈൩ޑᏢޑډܿՋޑीکགྷႽکᔈҔǴځдӵ݀ؒԖ೭ኬη ٰᏢךளࡐᜤǶȩȜQT104ȝ ȐΟȑᏢғჹࣽᏢགྷႽΚᑼΕ௲Ꮲϐௗڙ 䓙⬠䓇䘬姒婯ᷕ栗䣢炻⬠䓇娵䁢冒婚䦳ᷕ㓞䨓枿寸炻ᶼ䘤䎦⍫冯婚䦳ᶵỮ傥佺⼿ ⶍ䦳柀➇䘬⮰㤕䞍嬀炻℞檀Ⰼ㫉⿅侫傥≃Ṏ㚱㍸⋯炻䓂军㚜╄㬉ˣ㚜㈽ℍ㕤⬠佺ᷕˤ 䚠斄屯㕁⎗䳘↮䁢ᶱᾳⰌ朊炻⊭⏓ˬ䞍嬀Ⰼ朊˭ˣˬ∝忈ˣ゛⁷ˣ⓷柴妋㰢䫱檀Ⰼ㫉⿅ 侫Ⰼ朊˭⍲ˬ≽㨇Ⰼ朊˭ˤ 1. ޕ ቫ य़ 䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠昌Ḯ傥⣈㚜層役⬠䥹䞍嬀⢾炻Ṏ傥Ḯ妋柀➇䚠斄䞍嬀冯 ⮎⊁ㅱ䓐炻朆㬊㕤婚㛔㔁䥹㚠䘬䞍嬀⁛㌰炻媠⤪烉 ჹܭ machine learning Ԗ׳ుቫޑΑှǴΨவӕᏢॺޑൔکԴৣޑࡌύ࣮ـ machine learning ޑቶεҔکคёज़ໆޑᔈҔȜB104315ȝ ԴৣޑᖱှుΕభрǴፕᆶჴ፬่ӝǴ܌аϐჹךٰᇥКၨܜຝኳጋޑཷ ۺӧ׳ғܴዴȜB105523ȝ 2. ࡘ Ե ૈ Κ ቫ य़ ⛐∝忈ˣ゛⁷ˣ⓷柴妋㰢䫱檀Ⰼ㫉⿅侫Ⰼ朊炻ȨନΑޕޑᏢಞϐѦǴך ΨၸҁፐำගϲךѠว߄གྷݤᆶکӕᏢǵԴৣྎ೯ޑૈΚȜB104101ȝȩǵȨᏢ ಞډӭ҂ٰૈճҔډޑૈΚǴЪჹགྷႽΚޑख़ा׳уమཱΨ׳ᔉளѐวචബཀΑ ȜB103121ȝȩǵȨᏢೀӧჴᡍၶډޑ֚ᜤϷᆶಔྎ೯ڐፓޑБݤȜB105242ȝȩǵ ȨᇡډബཀΚচٰёа೭ሶٰᆒȜB104606ȝȩ䫱䳸㝄栗䣢炻德忶㔁ⷓ䘬⺽ ⮶嬻⬠䓇㚱㚜⣂檀Ⰼ㫉⿅侫傥≃䘬橼槿炻᷎佺⼿∝シ䘤゛䘬㈨ⶏˤ
3. ᐒ ቫय़ 䚠庫ẍ⼨⁛䴙䘬嫃徘㔁⬠炻䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠⤪枸㛇⛘㍸檀Ḯ⬠䓇䘬⬠佺 ≽㨇ˤ ᇸԖ፪ǴගϲᏢಞᑫ፪ȜB104616ȝ Ԗ፪ǴόኬޑᏢಞБԄȜB104626ȝ ༾ᏔϼᢌǼȜD103116ȝ ғǵԖ፪ȜD103412ȝ 4. Ꮲ ғ ჹ ܭ ࣽ Ꮲ གྷ Ⴝ Κ ᐕ ำ ᑼ Ε Ԅ ፐ ำ և ҅ य़ ຑ ሽ ⬠䓇⮵婚䦳䘬⚆棳シ夳栗䣢炻⎬枭㊯㧁⸛⛯㔠⛐ 3.68-4.08 ᷳ攻炻栗䣢⍫冯⬠䓇 ⣂䴎Ḱ㬋朊姽₡ˤ䫔Ḵ⸜䘬シ夳婧㞍栗䣢炷堐 6炸炻⯙㔁⬠㕡⺷侴妨炻⬠䓇娵䁢婚 䦳ᷕ䘬⮎ἄ悐↮傥≈㶙℞⮵婚䦳䘬䎮妋冯⌘尉炷M=4.08炸ˤẍ婚䦳ℏ⭡Ἦ婒炻⬠䓇 奢⼿婚䦳ℏ⭡傥⏠⺽㲐シ炻ἧṾ/⤡ṓ⍿℞ᷕ炷M=3.96炸炻᷎傥㍸檀℞⍫冯シ栀炻㕤 ᶲ婚㛇攻䴎Ḱ侩ⷓㆾ⎴₽⚆棳炷M=3.96炸炻Ṏ傥≈⻟ṾᾹ䓐⽫⬠佺䘬≽≃炷M=4.02炸ˤ ⛐㔁⬠ン⹎㕡朊炻⬠䓇娵䁢⮎槿㔁ⷓ冯℞Ḻ≽列⤥炻Ṏ㚱侸⽫⚆䫼⓷柴炷M=4.11炸炻 ᷎堐䣢劍㛒Ἦ攳姕栆Ụ婚䦳炻℞ṵ㚫怠㑯ᾖ佺ẍ㍸⋯冒ㆹ傥≃炷M=4.06炸ˤ ߄ 6ǵಃΒԃჴᡍ௲Ꮲӣ㎸ൂϐѳ֡ኧǵྗৡ ჴᡍ௲Ꮲӣ㎸ൂᚒҞ ѳ֡ኧ ྗৡ Γኧ 1. ҁፐำޑϣᜤܰύǶ 3.75 0.80 159 2. ҁፐำӧགྷႽΚᆶബΚޑ௴วǴჹܭךВࡕޑᏢಞԖᔅշǶ 3.91 0.81 159 3. ԴৣᖱှమཱǴుΕభрЪғԖ፪Ƕ 3.89 0.82 159 4. ԴৣᆶᏢғԖؼӳޑϕЪૈऐЈӣเୢᚒǶ 4.11 0.77 159 5. ፐำϣૈ֎ЇךޑݙཀǴ٬ך٦ڙځύǶ 3.96 0.83 159 6. ፐำჴբҽуుךჹፐำޑှϷӑຝǶ 4.08 0.75 158 7. ךࡐҔЈঅಞҁፐำǴЪుΕᕕှፐำϣǶ 4.02 0.73 158 8. ፐය໔ǴךૈᒿਔඓඝԴৣࡋ٠ਔගୢǶ 3.94 0.78 158 9. ፐය໔ǴךගٮԴৣ܈ӕᏆॺፐำϣޑӣ㎸Ƕ 3.96 0.77 158 10. ҂ٰǴךᗋঅಞᜪ՟ፐำǴගϲԾךૈΚǶ 4.06 0.80 158 䫔ᶱ⸜䘬シ夳婧㞍栗䣢炷堐 7炸炻⛐㔁⬠⚆棳䘬悐↮炻⍫冯⬠䓇⣂䴎Ḱ㬋朊姽 ₡ˤ⯙㔁⬠ン⹎侴婾炻⬠䓇堐䣢㌰婚㔁ⷓ冯℞Ḻ≽列⤥ᶼ㚫侸⽫䘬⚆䫼⓷柴
炷M=4.14炸烊侴ẍ㔁⬠㕡㱽侴妨炻㌰婚㔁ⷓ嫃妋㶭㤂炻ᶼ㶙ℍ㶢↢ˣ䓇≽㚱嵋 炷M=3.87炸炻婚䦳䘬⮎ἄ悐ấḇ傥≈㶙⬠䓇⮵婚䦳䘬䎮妋⍲⌘尉炷M=3.96炸炻Ṏ㚱 ᶵ⮹⬠䓇娵䁢冒䚠䔞㈽ℍ㕤婚䦳炻⮵⬠佺ℏ⭡㚱㶙ℍ䘬Ḯ妋炷M=3.91炸ˤ昌㬌ᷳ ⢾炻⬠䓇ḇ㊯↢㛔婚䦳傥┇䘤゛⁷≃ˣ∝忈≃炻⮵℞㛒Ἦ䘬⬠佺㚱≑䙲炷M=3.84炸ˤ 䵄奨ᶲ徘炻⬠䓇⮵㬌㔁⬠㕡⺷デ⇘㺧シ炻᷎⎴シ㛒Ἦ劍攳姕栆Ụ婚䦳炻ṵ㚫怠㑯ᾖ 佺ẍ㍸⋯冒ㆹ傥≃炷M=3.95炸炷⤪堐 5炸ˤ ߄ 7ǵಃΟԃჴᡍ௲Ꮲӣ㎸ൂϐѳ֡ኧǵྗৡ ჴᡍፐำ௲Ꮲӣ㎸ᚒҞ ѳ֡ኧ ྗৡ Γኧ 1. ҁፐำޑϣᜤܰύ 3.68 1.03 167 2. ҁፐำӧགྷႽΚᆶബΚޑ௴วǴჹܭךВࡕޑᏢಞԖᔅշ 3.84 0.97 167 3. ԴৣᖱှమཱǴుΕభрЪғԖ፪Ƕ 3.87 0.91 166 4. ԴৣᆶᏢғԖؼӳޑϕЪૈऐЈӣเୢᚒǶ 4.05 0.88 167 5. ፐำϣૈ֎ЇךޑݙཀǴ٬ך٦ڙځύǶ 3.83 0.93 167 6. ፐำჴբҽуుךჹፐำޑှϷӑຝǶ 3.96 0.92 166 7. ךࡐҔЈঅಞҁፐำǴЪుΕΑှፐำϣǶ 3.91 0.91 167 8. ፐය໔ǴךૈᒿਔඓඝԴৣࡋ٠ਔගୢǶ 3.77 0.89 167 9. ፐය໔ǴךගٮԴৣ܈ӕᏆॺፐำϣޑӣ㎸Ƕ 3.79 0.92 167 10. ҂ٰǴךᗋঅಞᜪ՟ፐำǴගϲԾךૈΚǶ 3.95 0.97 166
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Ҵǵፕᆶࡌ
Cropley炷2005炸⻟婧∝忈≃⮵ⶍ䦳㔁做䘬慵天⿏炻娵䁢ⓗ㚱∝忈≃傥➡梲ⶍ䦳柀 ➇⬠䓇䨩䟜佺ẍ䁢ⷠ䘬ㄋἳ炷routine炸炻ẍ㕘䘬⿅䵕冯⓷柴妋㰢㕡⺷朊⮵ᶵ㕟嬲⊾䘬䣦 㚫ˤ䃞㚱䞼䨞㊯↢∝忈≃䃉㱽枸㷔⬠䓇⛐ⶍ䦳柀➇ᷣᾖ䘬➭㊩䦳⹎炷persistence炸冯㛒 Ἦ⬠㤕堐䎦炻Ữṵ䃉㱽⾥夾∝忈≃⮵ⶍ䦳㔁做䘬⼙枧炷Atwood & Pretz, 2016炸炻侴 Hsuˣ Chiang 冯 Liang炷2014炸⇯德忶⓷⌟婧㞍䘬㕡⺷炻䴻䓙䴙妰↮㜸䳸㝄㊯↢炻∝忈≃ᶵ ⮵㕤⬠䓇䘬⬠佺ㆸ⯙㚱枸㷔≃炻⮵㕤䥹⬠ᷣᾖ⬠䓇䘬枸㷔䦳⹎檀㕤ⶍ䦳ᷣᾖ䘬⬠䓇ˤ 䓙㬌⎗䞍炻∝シ゛⁷傥≃⮵㕤ⶍ䦳㔁做侴妨炻⛐㔜橼婚䦳夷∫ᶲỤ㛒㚱ᶨ农䘬夾奺炻 Ữ⛯⻟婧∝シ゛⁷傥≃䘬斄挝⛘ỵˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻ⶍ䦳㔁做攟ᷭẍἮὪẍ⣏慷䘬㗪攻ˣ⍵ 央䘬⮎ἄ䶜佺炻忼⇘ⶍ䦳ⷓ妻䶜ᷳ䚖㧁炻晐叿䥹㈨㚜㕘ˣ⓮㤕㧉⺷⾓忇㚜徕炻⻟婧₡ ῤ∝忈䘬ˬ∝㕘㔁⬠˭徸㻠ㆸ䁢ᷣ㳩ㆾ㗗ᶳᶨẋᷳ㔁做㕡⎹ˤ䥹㈨悐㚜㈽ℍ屯㸸䰚 㔁做ˣⶍ䦳䫱䚠斄柀➇⮰⭞㈽ℍ炻ẍ➡做℟㚱∝⿅䵕㕘䘬㛒Ἦⶍ䦳Ṣㇵˤ㛔䞼䨞⌛㗗⛐ㅱ⚳⭞㔁做㓧䫾ẍ⍲䳸⎰攟㛇⮵∝忈≃ˣ゛⁷≃䘬䞼䨞冯⮎⊁䴻槿ᶳ㥳⿅侴ㆸ䘬炻 ⶴℨ傥德忶㔁做冯ⶍ䦳嶐柀➇䘬⎰ἄ炻㒀䔓↢ⶍ䦳㔁做婚䦳夷∫冯㔁⬠∝㕘䘬ᶨ䧖⎗ 埴㕡㟰ˤ 䴻䓙ᶱᾳ⽒䑘䘬婚䦳⮎槿栗䣢炻⛐婆㔯∝忈⿅侫㷔槿ᶲ炻䫔ᶨ⸜冯䫔ᶱ⸜㳩㙊≃ˣ 嬲忂≃ˣ䌐∝≃䫱朊⎹⛯忼⇘栗叿炻䫔Ḵ⸜䌐∝≃忼栗叿ˤ㳩㙊≃ˣ嬲忂≃ˣ䌐∝ ≃シ㖐傥⣈゛↢⣂ᶼ㕘⣯䘬溆⫸炻叿慵⛐゛䘬崲⣂崲⤥烊䱦忚≃シ㖐⛐㖊㚱溆⫸≈ᶲ 㕘䧶䘬㤪⾝ㆾ゛㱽炻ἧ溆⫸㚜␐娛⬴㔜炻℟㚱⮎嶸䘬⎗傥⿏炻叿慵⛐溆⫸䓊䓇崲⣂₡ ῤ崲⤥ˤ⚈㬌炻㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐䘬䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ⺷婚䦳⛐㽨䘤⬠䓇∝㕘⿅䵕ˣ溆⫸㔠 慷䓊䓇ᶲ㚱ᶨ⭂䦳⹎䘬㓰㝄炻䃞侴⛐䘤⯽ㆸ䅇溆⫸ẍἄ䁢䓊⑩䓇䓊ὅ㒂ᶲ炻ṵ枰婧㔜 㔁⬠ℏ⭡ˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻㬌䞼䨞䳸㝄ㅱ⎘䀋⛐⚳晃姽㭼ᶲ䘬堐䎦ẍ⍲⚳晃⮰⇑䓛婳䘬ね ⼊炻ᶾ䓴䴻㾇婾⡯炷WEF炸2018 ⸜䘬ℐ䎫䪞䇕≃⟙⏲㚠炷The Global Competiveness Report炸炻ℐ䎫 140 ᾳ⚳⭞ᷕ⎘䀋⛐ˬ∝㕘傥≃炷innovation炸˭枭䚖䁢ℐ䎫䫔⚃⎵炻塓 䧙 䁢 ˬ 崭 䳂 ∝ 㕘 ⚳ ˭炷 super innovators 炸 ᷳ ᶨ ᶼ ⮰ ⇑ 䓛 婳 㔠 䁢 ℐ 䎫 䫔 Ḵ 炷https://www.weforum.org/reports炸炻䃞侴⛐ℐ䎫䘦⣏ẩ㤕姽㭼ᶲ炻⌣歖夳⎘䀋ẩ㤕ˤ 䃞侴炻⛐⚾⼊∝忈⿅侫㷔槿ᶲ炻䫔Ḵ⸜冯䫔ᶱ⸜䘬䱦忚≃忼栗叿炻ㅱḮ⎘䀋䥹 ㈨䓊㤕䓊⑩㓡列ˣ徥㯪⑩岒䘬䈡刚炻䈡⇍㗗⛐ⶍ㤕 4.0 ⻟婧屯妲⣂⨺橼㗪ẋ炻⚾⁷ˣ ⼙枛䫱⣂⨺㛸䘬圵ℍ㔁做㗗㔁做䘤⯽䘬嵐⊊炻⬠䓇攟㛇㍍⍿⣂⨺㛸䘬⇢㽨炻ẍ㚜䁢 䳘䶣䘬⚾⁷寸溆⫸䘬⏰䎦㕡⺷炻䃞侴⤪ỽ德忶㔁⬠⺽⮶⮎嶸∝㕘䘬㔜橼㊯㧁㗗䎦Ṳ 䥹㈨Ṣㇵ➡做䘬斄挝ˤ⎘䀋䥹㈨䓊㤕⛐䓊⑩㓡列ˣ≇傥㒜⃭ˣ㛸㕁䞼䘤ᶲ咔≫䘤⯽炻 㬌䎦尉ᶨ㕡朊⯽䎦⎘䀋䥹㈨Ṣㇵ➡做䘬⃒⊊炻Ữᶨ㕡朊ḇ⍵ㅱ⍇∝⿏ᶵ嵛ẍ⍲䓊㤕Ṣ ㇵ➡做ᶲ暨ℵ㩊夾冯⻟⊾ᷳ嗽ˤ ḳ⮎ᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞德忶䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ婚䦳䘬㕡⺷炻㍸ὃ⎎ᶨ䧖㔁⬠䘬怠 㑯炻⯽䎦ⶍ⬠昊婚䦳徸㬍侣廱䘬⎗傥ˤ⁛䴙ⶍ䦳㔁做婚䦳冯㔁⬠⻟婧嫃㌰ˣ↮㜸 炷analyze炸冯䎮妋炷understanding炸炷Daly, Mosyjowski, & Seifert, 2014炸炻⬠䓇攟㗪攻 ╖⎹⛘㍍⍿倂㔪⿏⿅侫䘬妻䶜炻侴䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷婚䦳ᷕ⻟婧䘤゛ˣ溆⫸忋䳸冯 ⮎ἄ䘬㤪⾝炻⮵㕤ⶍ䦳⬠䓇侴妨㗗⬠佺䴻槿䘬⎴⊾冯婧怑炻℞㓰㝄⣏农䫎⎰䞼䨞⛀昲 䘬枸㛇ˤ⎎ᶨᾳ暨⿅侫䘬Ⰼ朊䁢∝シ゛⁷傥≃䘬柀➇䈡⭂⿏炷Baer, 2010炸炻䔞柀➇崲 嵐⮰䱦㗪炻暨天䘬∝シ゛⁷ㆸ↮崲℟䈡⭂⿏炻ⶍ䦳㔁做⛐柀➇㘖念䘬∝シ゛⁷傥≃
ᷳ⢾䘬䈡⭂⚈䳈炻Ṏ㗗忈ㆸ㬌䞼䨞䳸㝄䘬⎗傥⍇⚈ᷳᶨˤ ⛐㔁ⷓ⮵䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷㔁⬠ᷳ㍍⍿ね⼊㕡朊炻㍐≽ˬ∝㕘㔁⬠˭忶䦳ᷕ炻 ᶵỮ㗗⬠䓇暨天慵㕘怑ㅱ炻⯙忋㔁ⷓḇ⽭枰慵㕘⮑夾㔁⬠㕡⺷冯ℏ⭡ˤ䓙㔁ⷓ姒婯䘬 䳸㝄栗䣢炻㌰婚㔁ⷓ㘖念㍍⍿᷎娵⎴䥹⬠゛⁷≃圵ℍ⺷婚䦳䘬䎮⾝冯姕妰炻䥹⬠゛⁷ ≃㧉⺷ẍ溆⫸䓊䓇ἄ䁢㔁⬠㬟䦳ᷳ㧁䘬炻⻟婧溆⫸䓊䓇忶䦳ᷕ㔁ⷓ⺽⮶冯⚆棳炻㬌 ㅱ Kazerounian 冯 Foley炷2007炸㊯↢ⶍ䦳㔁ⷓ娵䁢➡梲∝㕘⿅䵕ⶍ䦳Ṣㇵ䘬婚䦳ㅱ℟ ⁁䘬ᶱᾳ㊯㧁烉攳㓦⽫傠炷keep an open mind炸ˣ⭡⽵㧉䱲炷ambiguity is good炸ˣ⮳㈦ ⣂⃫䫼㟰炷search for multiple answers炸ˤℵ侭炻⛐䁢㛇ᶱ⸜ˣℕ攨婚䦳㕥埴ᶳ炻∝㕘㔁 ⬠䘬㯋㯃徸㻠⛐⬠昊ℏ⁛㑕炻≈ẍ㟉㕡䘬㓗㊩冯⭋⁛炻䳬䷼㯋㯃⮵㕤∝シ㔁⬠埴䁢䘬 㓗㊩℟㚱㬋⎹⼙枧炷昛䌱㧡ˣ傉⣊殐炻2008炸ˤ侴㔁ⷓ䘬攳㓦⽫傠⮵⬠䓇溆⫸䘤゛冯⬠ 佺 埴 䁢 䘬 䓊 䓇 㔁 ⷓ 㛇 㛃 炷 Carpenter, 2016; Tolbert & Daly, 2013 炸 冯 ∝ シ 䘬 䞍 奢 炷perception炸炷Carpenter, 2016; Katz-Buonincontro, Davis, Aghayere, & Rosen, 2016炸炻 忚ᶨ㬍㍸⋯⬠䓇⓷柴妋㰢傥≃冯⬠㤕堐䎦炷唕Ἓ䲼炻2017炸ˤ
ℵ侭炻⬠䓇姒婯䳸㝄栗䣢⬠䓇⮵㕤䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷婚䦳䘬偗⭂ˤ德忶婚䦳㔁 ⬠シ夳⚆棳栗䣢⬠䓇䘬㍍⍿檀炻䈡⇍㗗⮵㕤ⷓ䓇Ḻ≽ˣ⮎ἄ䘬婚䦳⬱㌺ẍ⍲栀シᾖ佺 䚠斄婚䦳䘬シ栀䫱朊⎹ˤ⛐⮰㤕䞍嬀⬠佺ᶲ炻圵ℍ⺷婚䦳㚱≑㕤ⶍ䦳䎮婾䞍嬀䘬䎮妋 ẍ⍲冯⮎⊁䘬䳸⎰炷Tolbert & Daly, 2013炸炻侴䥹⬠゛⁷≃㔁⬠㬟䦳⻟婧冯䓇㳣䴻槿䳸 ⎰䘬䎮⾝炻ㆸ䁢㔁ⷓ廱⊾⬠䥹䞍嬀军⬠䓇娵䞍䳸㥳䘬⸛⎘ˤ⛐檀Ⰼ㫉⿅侫傥≃➡梲ᶲ炻 䥹⬠゛⁷≃ᷕⷓ䓇冯⎴₽妶婾ˣ嘃㒔⮎ἄ䫱㍸ὃ⬠䓇昌Ḯ嫃徘㱽ẍ⢾䘬⬠佺橼槿炻㽨 䘤⬠䓇䘬⣂⃫⿅侫傥≃ˤ䈡⇍㗗⮷䳬⎰ἄ忚埴䘤堐冯⮰柴⮎ἄ炻㍸⋯Ḯ⬠䓇䘬∝シᾉ ⾝冯冒ㆹ㓰傥炷Cropley, 2005; Katz-Buonincontro et al., 2016炸ˤ⛐⬠佺≽㨇ᶲ炻⬠䓇㘖 念ẍ䓇≽ˣ㚱嵋Ἦ⚆ㅱ⬠佺䘬デ⍿炻庫庽檮冯⸥満䘬䑘⠫㚱≑㕤⬠佺炻⬠䓇庫㖻㕤⏠ 㓞屯妲炻㍸↢⓷柴㼬㶭䔹⓷炻᷎ᶼ⛐⬠佺㬟䦳ᷕ傥䓊䓇庫⣂䘬⍫冯デ炷Treffinger, Schoonover, & Selby, 2013炸炻䈡⇍㗗⛐ˬ㛒Ἦ炻ㆹ怬㚫ᾖ佺栆Ụ婚䦳炻㍸⋯冒ㆹ傥≃˭ ᶲ䘬⚆ㅱ炻栗䣢↢㛔䞼䨞ᷳ婚䦳㧉䳬㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⬠䓇⬠佺≽㨇ˤ
㛔䞼䨞娎⚾⺢䩳ᶨᾳⶍ䦳㔁做冯∝シ゛⁷⿅䵕忋䳸䘬㧳㦹炻德忶ᶱᾳ⽒䑘䘬䥹⬠ ゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷婚䦳⏰䎦ᶨᾳ⎗埴䘬∝㕘⿏ⶍ䦳⮰㤕㈨埻Ṣㇵ梲ㆸ㧉䳬ˤ㛔䞼䨞ẍ⋿ 悐㝸⣏⬠ⶍ⬠昊䁢⮵尉炻ẍ㸾⮎槿姕妰忚埴㔁⬠⮎槿炻⛐䞼䨞忚埴忶䦳ᷕ吸普慷⊾冯
岒⿏屯㕁忚埴⮎嫱⿏䞼䨞炻䃞⛐侫慷⮎埴⎗傥⿏冯屯㸸忳䓐ᶳ炻ṵ㚱姙⣂旸⇞⼭㚵ˤ 䫔ᶨ炻䁢傥⡆≈ⶍ䦳㔁做䎦⟜⮵∝㕘婚䦳姕妰䘬㍍⍿⹎炻㛔䞼䨞㛒傥㍉䓐䫱䳬㸾⮎槿 姕妰炻ẍ╖䳬⇵⼴㷔姕妰忚埴㔁⬠⮎槿ˤᶼ䁢性⡆≈㌰婚㔁ⷓ㔁⬠屈㑼炻昌Ḯ㔁 ⷓ㔁⬠㩊㟠堐ˣ㕘䶐∝忈⿅侫⇵⼴㷔ˣ㔁⬠シ夳婧㞍ˣⷓ䓇姒婯⢾炻㛒憅⮵婚䦳㔁ⷓ 冯⬠䓇䘬℞Ṿ嬲枭忚埴屯㕁吸普冯⮎槿㑵⺬炻⤪烉㔁⬠/⬠䓇桐㟤ˣṢ㟤䈡岒ˣ⬠佺≽ 㨇䫱ˤ䫔Ḵ炻䞼䨞⮵尉怠⍾惵⎰⬠䓇怠婚炻㛒傥ὅ䄏䈡⭂㝞㥳忚埴䶐䳬炻⤪烉⸜䳂ˣ 婚䦳⿏岒炷⽭ᾖ/怠ᾖˣ➢䢶婚䦳/ㅱ䓐婚䦳䫱炸炻䞼䨞䳸㝄䃉㱽⏰䎦䚠斄嬲枭↮㜸ˤ䫔 ᶱ炻⮎槿婚䦳㍉圵ℍ⺷㔁⬠姕妰炻䓙㔁ⷓ冒怠⬠㛇婚䦳ᷕ怑⎰圵ℍ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㧉⺷䘬 ╖⃫忚埴㔁⬠炻ᶨ㕡朊䁢㷃庽㔁ⷓ屈㑼ˣ⡆≈∝㕘㔁⬠≽㨇炷Tolbert & Daly, 2013炸炻 ᶨ㕡朊䁢㍐⺋∝㕘㔁⬠䘬䎮⾝炻䃞侴㛒傥ẍ⮰㤕柀➇ᷕℙ⎴ᷣ柴ㆾ⼭妋㰢⓷柴忚埴⮎ 槿㔁⬠姕妰炻晾⛐岒⿏屯㕁ᶲ䌚⼿㔁ⷓ冯⬠䓇⮵㔁⬠㓰㝄䘬㓗㊩炻ỮṎ忈ㆸ⮎槿㔁⬠ 㓰㝄㛒傥⛐䴙妰↮㜸ᶲ⎬⎹⹎忼栗叿䘬⎗傥ˤ 㚱揹㕤㬌炻䁢傥㚜㶙ℍ㍊妶䥹⬠゛⁷≃㧉⺷圵ℍ⺷婚䦳ᷳㆸ㓰炻⛐䞼䨞姕妰悐↮炻 ⺢嬘㛒Ἦ䞼䨞⎗㍉朆晐㨇⮎槿㍏⇞䳬⇵⼴㷔姕妰炻昌Ḯ⬠䓇⛐∝シ⿅侫ⶍ℟⇵⼴㷔ⶖ 䔘⢾炻Ṏ傥㭼庫⮎槿䳬冯⮵䄏䳬ᷳ攻䘬㔁⬠㓰㝄ˤ⛐䞼䨞⮵尉悐↮炻⺢嬘ẍ⎴ᶨ⬠攨 柀➇䘬婚䦳ἄ䁢䞼䨞⟜➇炻ẍ㌺昌⬠䥹⮰攨䞍嬀⮵䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳圵ℍ⺷婚䦳ᷳ⸚㒦ˤ ⛐䞼䨞ⶍ℟悐↮炻昌䎦㚱慷⊾冯岒⿏屯㕁⢾炻⺢嬘⡆≈ἄ⑩姽㭼炻ẍ吸普⬠䓇⛐圵ℍ ⺷婚䦳⬠佺⼴炻℟橼䘬⬠佺堐䎦炻⡆≈⮎槿㔁⬠䘬㓰⹎嫱㒂ˤἄ⑩姽㭼昌㌰婚㔁ⷓ⢾炻 ⎗怨婳㤕䓴㔁ⷓᶨ⎴⚆棳炻㤕䓴䘬⍫冯⚆棳㚱≑㕤嬻㔁ⷓ冯⬠䓇橼槿⚈ㅱ䣦㚫嬲怟⿍ 暨䘬∝㕘⓷柴妋㰢傥≃炷Katz-Buonincontro et al., 2016; Lim, Lee, & Lee, 2014炸炻㬌䁢 ⶍ䦳㔁做嶐➇㔜⎰➡做∝㕘ⶍ䦳Ṣㇵ䘬嵐⊊ˤ⛐婚䦳㧉䳬䘤⯽悐↮炻⺢嬘㕤婚䦳⮎㕥 ⇵ˣ⼴⡆≈婚䦳媖娊㚫嬘炻ẍ㩊㟠䥹⬠゛⁷≃㧉⺷㕤婚䦳ℏ⭡句⮎ね⼊炻ẍ⍲㍸ὃ㌰ 婚㔁ⷓ㔁⬠ᶲ䘬⚆棳ˤ ठᖴǺ ࣴزი໗གᖴࣽמࣴزीฝံշჹҁࣴزϐЍȐMOST 105-2511-S-110-007-MY3ȑǴ ٠ձགᖴୖᆶፐำวᆶჴᡍ௲Ꮲޑ௲ৣǴаϷڐշҁࣴزܭπᏢଣჴՉޑЬᆅᆶ ՉࡹΓϐڐշǶ
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ǵύЎЎ 䌳Ἓ䏒ˣỽ㙱䏒ˣ恙㔯⼔ˣ惕劙侨炷2017炸ˤ䥹⬠゛⁷≃佺忚䦳ᷳ槿嫱烉㷔慷奨溆ˤ㔁㔁 做⽫䎮⬠⟙炻49炷1炸炻69-94ˤ 䌳Ἓ䏒ˣ惕劙侨ˣỽ㙱䏒炷2016炸ˤ䥹⬠゛⁷≃⚾⼊㷔槿ᷳ䘤⯽ˤ㔁㔁做䥹⬠䞼䨞㛇↲炻 61炷4炸炻177-204ˤ ⏛朄⎱ˣ昛䓓⼍ˣ悕ὲ岊ˣ㜿㔯ˣ∱⢓尒ˣ昛䌱㧢 (1998)ˤ㕘㕘䶐∝忈⿅侫㷔槿䞼䨞ˤ ⎘⊿:㔁做悐ˤ 昛䌱㧡ˣ傉⣊殐炷2008炸ˤả⊁≽㨇冯䳬䷼∝㕘㯋῁⮵ㆸṢ㔁ⷓ∝シ㔁⬠堐䎦ᷳ⼙枧烉 昶Ⰼ䶂⿏㧉⺷↮㜸ˤ㔁㔁做⽫䎮⬠⟙炻40炷2炸炻179-198ˤdoi:10.6251/bep.20080225 㚦䥨䌱炷2014炸ˤˬ㻓倗⣯⥁˭䥹⬠䘤㖶゛⁷≃㬟䦳ᷳ㔁⬠ㆸ㓰炷㛒↢䇰䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳ 䩳ᷕⰙ⣏⬠㔁做䞼䨞炻檀晬ⶪˤ 㣲㢐㢈炷2017炸ˤ䥹䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟䦳㧉⺷圵ℍ冒䃞䥹婚䦳╖⃫ᷳㆸ㓰炷㛒↢䇰䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⋿冢䥹㈨⣏⬠㔁做柀⮶冯姽揹䞼䨞炻⎘⋿ⶪˤ 惕劙侨ˣỽ㙱䏒ˣ㜿㶝㶁ˣ昛唯㰅炷2016炻12 㚰炸ˤⶍⶍ䦳㔁做婚䦳圵ℍ䥹⬠゛⁷≃㬟 䦳㧉⺷ᷳ㔁⬠ㆸ㓰烉ẍˬ傥㸸䭉䎮冯㰉㝻旚⇞˭婚䦳䁢ἳˤ婾㔯䘤堐㕤䫔 32 ⯮䥹 ⬠㔁做⚳晃䞼妶㚫炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ 唕Ἓ䲼炷2017炸ˤ⬠䓇⬠佺≽㨇冯⬠㤕ㆸ⯙斄倗ᷳ䞼䨞烉㔁ⷓ∝シ㔁⬠䘬⣂Ⰼ㫉婧䭨⺷ ᷕṳ㓰㝄ˤ䈡䈡㬲㔁做䞼䨞⬠↲炻42炷1炸炻79-111ˤdoi:10.6172/bse.2017.03.4201004 ΒǵमЎЎAtwood, S. A., & Pretz, J. E. (2016). Creativity as a Factor in Persistence and Academic Achievement of Engineering Undergraduates. Journal of Engineering Education, 105(4), 540-559. doi:10.1002/jee.20130
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