資訊網路社會中電傳勞動關係之初探

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(2) m~M. *tJJ~¥~. Abstract As an important fonn of work organization in the coming Networked Society. Telework has a profound effect on labour relations in the Indstrial Society. For the individual labour relations. the emergence of telework has changed the nature of the old centralized workplace of factory or office work. The remote workplace of telework deviates subordi nate employment. the Aristotelian rules of labour law. from the unities of place and work. The appli cation of horne work law can help promote the regu lation of labour relations of telework. The remote workplace of telework causes many difficulties when the protective rules of labour condition are put into practice. It is most importance to realize labour protection and fonnulate new regulation that can effectively characterize the nature of labour condi tion of telework. For the collective labour rela tions. with the progressive prevalence of telework. even it has been gradually turned into the object of collective bargaining agreement. nevertheless it threatens the survival and bargaining power of trade union. Whether the development of electronic democracy can be functioning for labour relations of telework, it worths further inquiry and its regulation demands well-thougt preparation. fimilF¥ : j(m~~U1t ' .f!tH~Jlih ' #lihlimf* Keyword: networked Society. telework. labour rela tions.. i. 0. - ... At~. ~R. ~R~lmU1it. (Networked Society) fl'g7fj.r.oc Bf1:tl§ 81lJ~. Q. (~1) :tEHP~?!U~fI'gJii~R. ~ 1ft} U fp:p. ,. ~A. ~ ~ i$}f 1~ rJ ft 8:". -1- 9.l ft 3. lJi!"'" ~ ; ffi 1m fI'g lfllU9i ~ J.ltJ 1~ rJ:tE IfJ ~ § ::t 1iX 5t ~ fI'g iii ~ I 00 ' IfJ fI'g B3(::~ ~ ~ 1:f ~ fI'g ft I jHR~n""'fOO ' A~~m1JB'g~ra"Ji. 11' ~~tt-t!t*e'. '. :e fl A ~!JU51iJJ I'f';J. * *. ~[Z:;]J.ltR~m*£t-J~ft.. , - 80. 0.

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(26) *~~~ . ~~M. ff. ft. 1. ~i~fil : TIME, Feb. 3, 1997, pp. 36-51. :fflmj{v\~UU. Z~glj¥IH'. 0. 2.P. Elmer-DeWitt, "Welcome to Cyberspace", TIME, special issue, May 1995, pp. 4-11. 3.R. D. Lansbury and G. J. Bamber, "Technological Chang, Industrial Rela tions and Human Resource Management", New Technology: interna tional perspective on human resources and industrial relations(London: Unwin Hyman, 1989), pp. 3-37. 4. ~)I.- 'J ;;.. - ;f4~ of: ;;...- :1l - , ttvt¥ff t: 1988 :tf=.A FJ ' Vllt&) , II 36-39 0. *ID 0) ffff,jf~ (. ** :. ~. if;f*'. 5.V. Martino and L. Wirth, "Telework: an overview", Conditions of Work Digest, vol. 9, no. HGeneva: ILO, 1990), p. 3.. 6. . , r rrj&~t$~1JJ NIl ZjllDm~1flJ J ' 1JJ*j(~RJiJif~~*~~ NIl fjIJfU~ (.~I:; : fTi&~1JJ ~~JtJiJif~~*~~W~m:lih/j'\m,. 1}¥fil '. ~IJJA+=:tf=.ftFJ+Bilifl)'. 1. 0. 7.Werner B. Korte, "Telework: potential, inception, perationand likely future situation", in W. B. Korte et a1.(ed.), Telework: present situa . tion and future development of a new form of work organization(North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 1988), p. 162. 8.V. Martino and L. Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 4. 9. jii~~, r *pqi~Hih~Zm;i: *~~1$*. J. 'i&*~~~iiU~-=:. ' .a;lJJt+t:tf=. =FJ),. 93-112. + AM. ( .~t. : i&ra. 0. 10.V. Martino and L. Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., pp. 3-4; U. Huwet a1., Telework: towards the elusive office(Chichester: Wiley, 1990) • p. 24. l1.T. Cross and M. Raizman, Telecommuting: the future technology of work (Homewood: row JONE-IRWIN, 1986), pp. 3-8. 12.B. Lloyd, "Office productivity: time for a revolution?", in Long Range Plan ning, vol. 23, 1990, pp. 66-78. 13.J. N. Goodrich, "Telecommuting in America", in Business Horizons, July August 1990, pp. 31-37.. -104.

(27) 1997. -+ 9 fI. ;;/t lR~ ~l±- -t" 'f ~ if. *' tn. IW1 ~ :2:. .:fn 4¥.. 14.H. J. Woelders, "Telework: new opp::>rtuoities for the handicapped unem ployed workers" , International Journal of Sociology & Social Policy, vol. 10. April 1990, pp. 176-180. 15.Commission of European Communities, Opp::>rtunities for Applications of Information and Communication Technologies in Rural AreasCBrussels: CEC, 1989), Annex A. Draft 4. 16.H. Albrechtsen, The Tele-cottage: a world movementCVemdalan: Forenin gen af Informationsteknologiske Lokalcentre i Norden, 1988), p. 4. 17.C. Sims, "Earthquak leaves a glimpse of the future of commuting", York Times, Jan. 26, 1994, v143.. in New. 18.J. Nilles et aL, The Telecommunications/Transp::>rtation Tradeoff CChich ester: Wiley, 1976). 19.U. Huws, "Telework: projections", in Futures, Jan./Feb. 1991, pp.19-31. 20."Pros and cons of Telework", Worklife Report, 1993, pp. 1-2; "Study shows teleworking advantages and disadvantages", in IRS Employment Trends 458, 20 Feb. 1990, p. 2. 21. . .~Z~~, }~fttt(Jti. 298-305. l:::. ~ltJ(7) ~,r~. (. "* :. {;f~M'. 1989. .I. i¥) ,. 0. 22.A. Toffler, The Third WaveCNew York: William Morrow, 1980), pp. 210 223. 23.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 20. 24.B. Veneziani, "The new labour force", Comparative Labour Law and Indus trial Relations in Industrialized Market Economies (~venter: Kluwer, 1993), p. 216. 25. ~~-.E!~ , ~7B~-~ 14 PJ-r. ,. ~11J$,®J.!i!.. ( **. : *;jt*~1:f1lt&fr'. 1971. ),. 0. 26.J. H. Foe:gen, "Telexploitation", Labor Law. May 1993, pp. 318-320.. 27.A. Adlercreutz, "Sweden", International Encyclopaedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations, vol. 9(~venter: Kluwer, 1982), p. 28. 28.8. Veneziani, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 219. ~.~D. ,r~~~R.. ~~~-Pttt.~I1J$J. 105 -. '~fl~I1J$'. ".

(28) *1JJ~ua 146. 30. #k. '*. ~. (1988.1.25),. f§ ,r 0987.12.0'. 144. r v 97. 0. ? - ? C: g§ 1li. '*. !If}] 7.t:. m~ltJ.l. J. '. ::; .;:z. I). A ". '. No. 898. 0. 31. ~ ~ * !If}] ~ *\J • 7\: M ~ MU IlTI ~IJ ~ , .illL ~F 7.t: IlTI lit ~ M' (Court of Cassation, 30 Nov. 1992) X~m~ijm,*IJJ~*\J July 1978). a illllTI ~Ij ~ (Law of 3. 0. 32.B. Veneziani, "Telework: an overview", op. dt., p. 219. 33.Ibid. 34.D. Elisburg, ilLegalities", Telematics and Informatics, vol. 2, no. 2, 1985, p. 182. 35.R. Mackenzie, "Written statement submitted in conjunction with testimony before the Employment and Housing Subcommittee of the Ninety-Ninth Congress of the 'United States", Pros and cons of home-based clerical work(Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1986).. ,=. ~,. 36. B **IIJ~*~7.t:Uff~\!T~'E- r *IIJ~~$ (J) *IJJ~ (J)fIJIIT~~ '? \\ -r J ( 1985 if.) r:pt~1:f1 ' j:)'~*\Jr"H*" ~~im:;§I3EB .. t~mI$'iJ- .. ~ .~~IlTI~.tt"~MllTItt.~~~ ... ~tt" • • •AIlTI • • ~~ .a~~oD.. :~*. " ' ?fi 536 Mt (1987) , ][ 8. A,. r~~.~(J)wgJ. ,Lz/. 0. 37.B. Veneziani, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 216. 38. /J\'~M17tl, r::1:;; 1:::' 175-178. .;:z. -. ? -. *pg* 0. J. '~ffj* 0. ?t: ' ?fi 137 Mt (1985) ,. 0. 39.W. Kilian, "Do we need legal protection for remote work(terminal -home work)?", in A. 01erup et al.(OO.), Women, Work and Computerisation: opportunities and disadvantages(Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985), p. 152. 40.Gisela Schneider de Villegas, "Home work", Conditions of Work Digest, vol. 8, no. 2(Geneva: ILO, 1989), p. 198;. Y. Kravaritou-Manitakis, New Forms of Work: labour law and social security aspects in the European community(Dublin: European Founda tion for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1988), p. 86; S. Peles, "The legal aspects of home-based telework in Belgium", in. -106.

(29) 1997. -+ 9 Jl. 1f ill. ~ ~V:. .... tf i[ 1*. *. tq /Ul if. .: t..:flJ ~. Labour and Society. vol. 11, no. HGeveva: ILO[International Institute for Labour Studies]. Jan. 1986), pp. 83-96; 41.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 21. 42. ~~. ,. ;(£~JIJ~... I. 7" '-' '7. 7 ~ lt~~IJJ$. -l. iWf~. '. , Ji 145 ". 43."Will the information age mean a virtual revolution in employment?... World of Work, no.19(Geneva: ILO. March 1997). 44.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 23. 45.U. Huws, The new homeworkers: new technology and the changing location of white-collar work(London: Low Pay Unit, 1984), pp. 34-35. 46.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., 15.. p.. 47.Ibid., p. 109. 48.Ibid., p. 83. 49.Ibid., p. 60. 50.J. H. Pratt, "Home teleworking: a study of its pioneers", in Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 25, no. 1(New York: Elsevier Science Inc., Feb. 1984), pp. 1-14. 51.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 49. 52.U. Huws, op. cit., p. 33. 53.J. E. Thurman and G. Trah, "Part-time work in international perspective", Conditions of Work Digest, vol. 8, no. l(Geneva: ILO, 1989), pp. 3-28. 54.W. Heilman, "The organisational development of teleprogramming", in W. B. Korte et a1.(ed.), Telework: present situation and future develop ment of a new form of work organisation(Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988), p. 48. 55.L. Pickup and V. Di Martino, Commuting: the European dimension(Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Condi tions, 1987), p. 74. 56. ~~ ~ 7.f.. I. ;(£tJlJ~... 7" '-' '7 - 7 ~ lt~~I'h$. -107-. -l. •. wHtHI ' Ji 146 \. 0.

(30) *J1J~~ . m~Wj. 57.P. Judkins et al., Networking in Organisations: the Rank Xerox experiment (Aldershot: Gower, 1986), p. 6. 58.L. Bailyn, "Freeing work from the constraints of location and time", New Technology, Work and Emp10yment(Oxford), vol. 3, no. 2, Autumn 1988, p. 151. 59.C. A. Hamilton, "Telecommuting", 66, no. 4, April 1987, p. 95.. Personnel Journal(Costa Mesa), vol.. 60.M. H. Olson, "An investigation of the impacts of remote work environments and supporting techno10gy(New York: Centre for Research on Informa tion Systems, New York University, 1987), pp. 7-24. 61. ~JJji. 7.i;,. r tE~i1J~:. 62. ~JJji. 7.i;~.. TV? - 7 C l:t~~IJJ~. r TV? - 7 C j:!§~*IJJ$. J. J • iWmW '. 'iWm. 100. ~ 149. 0. 0. 63.J. H. Pratt, "Home teleworking: a study of its pioneers", op. cit., p. 6. 64.U. Huws, op. dt., p. 48. 65.C. A. Hamilton, "Telecommuting", op. cit., p. 93. 66.P. Judkins et al., op. cit., pp. 48-49; J. T. Trent et al., "Telecommut:ng stress and social support", in Psychological Reports, vol. .74, iss. 3, 1994, pp. 1312-1314. 67.D. Clutterbuck, New Patterns of Work(Aldersl1ot: Gower, 1985), p. 133. 68. ~~. , ~),. :::J ;;. 235-252. 69. ~~ 70. ~~. y". ~$ C. , r TV? - 7 ,rtE~!IJ~.. 71. • • IJt 279-281. '. *tJJ(7)** (:!lRg : 8 *~~U'. 1985if.-t. 0. c. g§~*tJJ$. J ,mrmIJ,]l[ 99. TV? - 7 cl:t~~tJJ$J. !Jif\;t~~. c ~IJJ (7). !~. '. 0. ,. ~. 145. 0. ( :!lRg : *-f ~M' 1989 if.) ,]l[. 0. 72.S. Peles, "The legal aspects of home-based telework in Belgium", op. dt., p. 94. 73.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, op. cit., p. 62. 74.Ibid., p. 52. 75.Ibid., p. 20. 76.R. Moran and J. Tansey, Telework: women and environmentsCDublin: Euro \. -108 .

(31) 1997. -+ 9 ~. ltl1t~J&.il-.~tit*t;"lW11*..ot.;fn~. pean Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Condi. tions, 1986), pp. 111-115.. Burnett and N. Maidment, "Some legal aspects of teleworking",. Computer Law & Practice, vol. 9, no. 3, 1993, pp. 91-93.. 78.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework", op. cit., p. 23. . 79. ~~. , r t£~JUJ;m.. 80. ~~ ~7.C~". r. -r v. -r v. '7. -7 l:: j;:t~*JUJ$. '7 - -7 l:: gs~~JUJ$. -'. -' 'iWmll'. 151". 'OOmil' l[ 100 ". 8l.S. Peles, "The legal aspects of home-based telework in Belgium", in Labour and Society, vol. 11, no. 1(Geveva: ILO[International Institute for Labour Studies], Jan. 1986), p. 9l. 82. Ibid. 83. Ibid., p. 93. M.~~.~~~ti • • ~.*zm~q,. ••~~ •••• m~.*JUJ*.. iff ' l& H!UI. ffllP.l fl Z 1* ll!HJU'B " ~.ft~q.~+h~~.m~m~~rt.~fflqZm~.B'@.~.ffl~. ~.~JUJ*'~X~®m~~~~~". 86. ~~~~ff.tIfl (TUC). Mil. Norman Willis ~ 1988. fF-h.F.Itl\fiili ' •• ~. .~~.~.~JUJ*~Z~~~~~.'.~Ifl$ft~tt~~~" ~!It. '. Ifl16\~~~~~~~~* jim1iffi.~{t7Jll.~~~. ,. .~JUJ*Jle. ~j~ fI~16\.tt". 87."Teleworking increases flexibility", IRS Employment Trends 499, 1 Nov. 1991, p. 2. 88.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. dt., p. 25.. 89.Ibid.. SO.Ibid.. 91.F. Kinsman, The Managers Guide to Teleworking(London: British Telecom, 1988), pp. 11-13. 92.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an ove'rview", op. cit., p. 27. 93.National Research Council, Office Workstations in the Home(Washington, National Academy Press, 1985), p. 152-153. \. -109.

(32) ~IJJ~~. ~1\M. 94.US House of Representatives, Pros and Cons of Home-based Clerical Work, Hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Opera tions, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session, 26 Feb. 1986(Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1986) ·95.CGT-FO, Guide CGT-FO, edition 1987(Paris: CGT-FO, 1987), pp. 132-133. 96.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., 28.. p.. 97.Ibid. 98.AFL-CIO, AFL-CIO Policy Resolutions, adopted Nov. 1989 by the 18th Constitutional Convention<Washington: AFL-CIO, 1989). 99.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 29. lOO.International Graphical Federation, Action Programme and Guidelines against Labour Flexibility<Berne: IGF, 1989). 101.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, ''Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 29. 102."Teleworking: flexibility with remote control", IR-RR 430, 13 Dec. 1988, p.. 7. 103.Ibid., p. 6. lO4.M. Nitta, "Current state of the home duty work system In Japan", in Japan Labour Bulletin, vol. 25, no. 2, Feb. 1986, pp. 6-8. 105.Vittorio Di Martino and Linda Wirth, "Telework: an overview", op. cit., p. 32. 106.Ibid., p. 33. 107.Ibid. 108.Ibid., p. 57. l09.Ibid., p. 132. llO.Ibid., p. 76. 1l1.Ibid., p. 52. ll2.Ibid., p. 34.. ". -110.

(33) 1997 -'f- 9 J!. 1filtl/!JJ3.;j!."1'tit*~IYJ{f...z...:fnn.. 113.K. Kubicek and U. Fischer, (Tele- )Homework in the Federal Republic of Germany, in W. B. Korte et aI.(edJ, Telework: present situation and future development of a new form of work organisation (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988}, pp. 184-185. II. 114.ILO, The ILO's database on international labour standards: C177 Home Work Convention, 1996(http://ilolex.i1o. ch: 1567/public/SOnormes/ilolex/ sqcgi/disply? host=status01&textbase, 14 may 1997).. \. -111.

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