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國立臺中教育大學 100 學年度研究所碩士班招生考試

社會科學研究法(含統計學)試題

適用學系:永續觀光暨遊憩管理碩士學位學程

一、簡答題 (65%)

1. 請簡要說明何為深度訪談、參與式觀察、焦點團體、簡單隨機抽樣、立意抽

樣等五種研究方法。 (10%)

2.

承上題,哪種方法適合進行統計推論,原因為何?再者,是否該方法必然優

於其他四種方法,原因為何? (5%)

3. 請說明何謂中央極限定理及其在統計推論上之重要性。 (10%)

4.

承上題,請說明調查樣本數之多寡與此定理有何關係?接著,再說明是否調

查樣本數只要符合此定理,其統計推論就沒有偏誤。 (5%)

5. 在調查方法中資料的正確性會受到哪些因素影響?請列舉兩個並簡要說明

之。(10%)

6. 請說明測量尺度主要分為哪些類型,並舉例說明與比較其間之差異。(5%)

7. 良好之測量應該具備信度、效度及可行性,請說明前述三者之意涵。(10%)

8.

請說明何謂內部效度與外部效度,及其可能之影響因素為何。(5%)

9. 請比較 t 檢定與變異數分析(ANOVA)之異同與適用時機。(5%)

二、應用題 (35%)

1. 以下係中部某項宗教節慶活動中,不同類型之參與者(體驗型、靈性型、中

庸型與全面型)在各種參與動機(複合企求、體驗探索、神靈連結、社交關係

與庇佑熱鬧)與人口統計變數差異之分析結果(表 1 和表 2),請彙整相關統計

結果之資訊撰寫研究結論,並據此對於主辦單位提出可行之活動推廣建議。

(15%)

表 1 不同集群參與動機之差異

因素 1. 體驗型 n = 32 2. 靈性型 n = 112 3. 中庸型 n = 120 4. 全面型 n = 134 F 值 Post hoc (Scheffe) 複合企求 2.3828 (0.81502) 2.2020 (0.62742) 2.6042 (0.61672) 3.1539 (0.78234) 40.589 (p = 0.000) 4> 3, 1, 2 3> 2 體驗探索 4.4375 (0.52900) 3.4482 (0.56329) 3.9000 (0.46958) 4.4104 (0.46425) 84.997 (p = 0.000) 1, 4> 3> 2 神靈連結 2.9375 (0.90918) 3.0134 (0.60389) 2.9521 (0.53970) 4.1306 (0.49120) 117.336 (p = 0.000) 4> 2, 3, 1 社交關係 3.9375 (0.59229) 2.7232 (0.55280) 3.7833 (0.53347) 4.2127 (0.63830) 141.743 (p = 0.000) 4> 1, 3> 2 庇佑熱鬧 2.4688 (0.60824) 3.3705 (0.61051) 4.0708 (0.49491) 4.5336 (0.49508) 176.781 (p = 0.000) 4> 3> 2> 1

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表 2 不同參與者類型之人口統計特徵

變項 類別 體驗型 靈性型 中庸型 全面型 總和 卡方檢定 ANOVA 性別 男性 26 (81.3 %) 65 (58.0 %) 76 (63.3 %) 93 (69.4 %) 260 (65.3 %) χ2 = 7.404 df = 3 p = 0.060 女性 6 (18.8 %) 47 (42.0 %) 44 (36.7 %) 41 (30.6 %) 138 (34.7 %) 年齡 30 歲(含)以下 4 (12.5 %) 11 (9.8 %) 49 (40.8 %) 43 (32.1 %) 107 (26.9 %) χ2 = 46.805 df = 9 p = 0.000 31-40 歲 8 (25.0 %) 36 (32.1 %) 34 (28.3 %) 33 (24.6 %) 111 (27.9 %) 41-50 歲 6 (18.8 %) 31 (27.7 %) 26 (21.7 %) 29 (21.6 %) 92 (23.1 %) 51 歲(含)以上 14 (43.8 %) 34 (30.4 %) 11 (9.2 %) 29 (21.6 %) 88 (22.1 %) 教育程度 高中職(含)以下 12 (37.5 %) 54 (48.2 %) 46 (38.3 %) 89 (66.4 %) 201 (50.5 %) χ2 = 24.119 df = 6 (p = 0.000) 大專 16 (50.0 %) 46 (41.1 %) 62 (51.7 %) 39 (29.1 %) 163 (41.0 %) 研究所(含)以上 4 (12.5 %) 12 (10.7 %) 12 (10.0 %) 6 (4.5 %) 34 (8.5 %) 宗教信仰 無 14 (43.8 %) 21 (18.8 %) 37 (30.8 %) 27 (20.1 %) 99 (24.9 %) χ2 = 33.862 df = 12 (p = 0.001) 佛教 6 (18.8 %) 36 (32.1 %) 29 (24.2 %) 33 (24.6 %) 104 (26.1 %) 道教 8 (25.0 %) 48 (42.9 %) 50 (41.7 %) 70 (52.2 %) 176 (44.2 %) 基督教 0 (0.0 %) 4 (3.6 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 4 (1.0 %) 其他 4 (12.5 %) 3 (2.7 %) 4 (3.3 %) 4 (3.0 %) 15 (3.8 %) 婚姻狀況 未婚 9 (28.1 %) 37 (33.0 %) 81 (67.5 %) 70 (52.2 %) 197 (49.5 %) χ2 = 42.680 df = 6 (p = 0.000) 已婚 19 (59.4 %) 71 (63.4 %) 33 (27.5 %) 62 (46.3 %) 185 (46.5 %) 其他 4 (12.5 %) 4 (3.6 %) 6 (5.0 %) 2 (1.5 %) 16 (4.0 %) 職業 農林漁牧 0 (0.0 %) 4 (3.6 %) 2 (1.7 %) 4 (3.0 %) 10 (2.5 %) χ2 = 86.681 df = 30 (p = 0.000) 工 2 (6.3 %) 6 (5.4 %) 12 (10.0 %) 21 (15.7 %) 41 (10.3 %) 商 6 (18.8 %) 8 (7.1 %) 18 (15.0 %) 14 (10.4 %) 46 (11.6 %) 軍公教 2 (6.3 %) 12 (10.7 %) 8 (6.7 %) 6 (4.5 %) 28 (7.0 %) 服務業 2 (6.3 %) 22 (19.6 %) 25 (20.8 %) 23 (17.2 %) 72 (18.1 %) 自由業 2 (6.3 %) 15 (13.4 %) 15 (12.5 %) 28 (20.9 %) 60 (15.1 %) 專業技術人員 8 (25.0 %) 2 (1.8 %) 4 (3.3 %) 10 (7.5 %) 24 (6.0 %) 學生 2 (6.3 %) 7 (6.3 %) 18 (15.0 %) 13 (9.7 %) 40 (10.1 %) 退休 4 (12.5 %) 16 (14.3 %) 4 (3.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) 24 (6.0 %) 家管 0 (0.0 %) 8 (7.1 %) 4 (3.3 %) 2 (1.5 %) 14 (3.5 %) 其他 4 (12.5 %) 12 (10.7 %) 10 (8.3 %) 13 (9.7 %) 39 (9.8 %) 參與次數 4.50 (5.118) 4.24 (6.432) 2.72 (2.796) 5.55 (7.087) 4.24 (5.837) F = 5.161 df = 3 (p = 0.002) 全面>中庸

2.

試以臺北國際花卉博覽會為例,研究調查議題自行訂定,試擬研究調查設計

(涵蓋:研究變數、研究對象、抽樣方式、資料收集方法、調查工具設計與

統計分析方法)。 (10%)

3.

請仔細閱讀以下文章後,根據內文說明哪些變數可以用來做為觀光需求之指

標。 (10%)

Existing empirical studies looking at the determinants of international tourism

have focused mainly on developed country cases. Most studies that have attempted

to model tourism demand have relied on single equation models. Tourism demand

has been measured by a host of variables, including the total number of visits,

arrivals or tourists, visit per head of the origin’s population, total real expenditure

or receipts and per capita real expenditure (see Sinclair, 1998, for further details).

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第 3 頁,共 3 頁

Most of the studies use time series analysis, while some have used pooled and

cross-sectional data. Witt and Witt (1995) and Lim (1997) provide a

comprehensive overview of the regression analysis, model specification, attributes

and proxies. Among the most common independent variables used and reported to

be important in the literature are income of origin country, cost of travel, relative

prices, exchange rate, tourism infrastructure, level of development in home country,

common language and border, among others. Single equation specifications,

however, have been subject to some criticism, such as being somewhat ad hoc and

lacking an explicit theoretical basis (Sinclair and Stabler, 1997; Sinclair, 1998).

(資料來源 Seetanah, B., Durbarry, R. & Ragodoo, J.F.N. (2010). Using the panel cointegration approach to analyse the determinants of tourism demand in South Africa. Tourism Economics, 16, (3), 715-729.)

參考文獻

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