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(3) ".Ill'Ajlljll3-~.f!L~Nt. HeM ~-t:~ ~-~ t\il;lt.+;.~;.~. :fij n~ ~ 'l;t4h'a ~J. t¥-tl. 0. -tt~1~}lntfl~ filill/J ,*-ilt~!It. e...~~:ff. location-aware. ~.. ~4.~,~.~a:ff~W~~~ft• • f.o. • • *~~ae...~.~.ftroA .~~ae...£4.iIt~~M'l~,~~~~~!lt.a.~.,*-ilt*~I~1 • • • 'l~f'j $-ilt*~ PDA~.t, it:'f:j~~%~1~m PDA ~.iIt*~*ii.:ff ~~7t:.*~ ~~ • • • ~!It.~A~.iIt~A*a'~Y4~~«OCT~m~~*h~~~; jj -:ftM ~ ~J..it. fHR iIt:It )i ~ AP *:i! W~ jiE:.1n: I. ' itfl ~ Jt 1n: ~ ft -t- it. 7.l *. ~~~~7.l~~~~~'~~W~~Im~£~~~o. 1.2 RADAR: An In-Building RF-based Location and Tracking System {11. i!J;~x.W am-Microsoft' ~.t--tfA*1f~1;;:r.m WLAN ~tUt1g,' ll.m~:t'l. ~~~*~~~~~~t:~~l~~~O 1.2.1 Algorithms and Experimental Analysis it ;\:.1¥l-rt Signal Strength(SS)k. iif vJ.1:£.)t 19,~tJi*~ m~ 1t1fl.ff.J ' 1!1 ~t. t;.t. .-tII:1\l;;!-1VIl. oj;'- IoIJ -fJL J. if 11:. • 1fl.Jt IoIJ li<. Et-SS1 ...... BS2. ~~1~m. a e... ~~.'1*3t T"1!i7.l$f:gt~@~ , 9rh'a4 WLAN ~~~.t .a~~.~~~~~~l!lt.,~~~ • • ~~.ae...OC4~~I.'M~M~~ $t ~ ~ J.i m~ ~ jtl ~ ! I§ ~b ' ~ 1ar 4 WLAN ~.t;!t. ~ ~ 1n: ' ;M. ~;a 1rl;(f. it f,)-tif x..a~~t~.~. ill Figure2.1[I]. "i1f t'J.:t f'l :. ~*~*4~~-tt'*~.'~~~~~:ff~.~~~~~~7.l.'R~.. :ff PDA '. ~ -<l!." I!il Jll:,JIt;;!- if 11:. • ,a r ......s5!!l. 1. ~. E:I Ifl "_31. 'r:~ 25 i 10 I' II. 0. . 51. '\.. "... o. rl-. 41. :oJ). ,. III. ill.1ID=-'. ID. 1ltII:ara IIIIIrQWII1Ii:(mIIBtIIt. Figure 2.1. .~ta~.~l • • a_~~~,~m*~.La.~1fl.t.&~ • • ;f~. =-"~IHJ.*+~x.".1t. 1;JLa ~ ~ t! -II:. ~J. TAil k.!It~ x. tJi 0. 1.1 }t-6t.Jt. §. J¥r 4~.ii 1fl.:ff IJ8J ~ ~ 1n:7.l dO ~ ~ ~J. T ~:ft-*B.[1][3][4]:. In-building IR networks. IR network j m-~Jf~ t: ~ ~ 19,~ ~ ~ , ~4ij:.11l-i-:tt ~ ~ iil.lJe.lI:1~+ ' ~. , Jt~~t{* data. 4~.~~~J.im .L~,£:~~+. •. .L~1ltt. '. .t~~*.x..~. , 1!1 ~b. Empirical. :n-. -t- ~ .. ~ k.-f1!. m l:1:.1t ~ ;\:.~ I. -tf. "i;j;!\- ,*lJ. ifil ~ it:tt '. *~.~g.ffl-tf.~~I.~··~~o. ~model-tf..~~.jIlAt1;JLT ,a1rpr~J.*,1~'iZk..~jijlt"*1\t&~' ~it. Wide area cellular networks (based on RF). .--F--25th -41-56thJ ~-. AOA(angleofarrival) , TDOA(time difference of arrival) ~7.l* 4P*.~~.~ • • £,~~~~*~~~~~~,~~ • • • ~~&.~t: ~~S~~~~~x~'*~*all:1~~~s~~fta~~'l.~ • • *'~~ 0. _ 3,5. .i. 1. j.... 4~*.L"~-*1!it°. a 2 .6. 1.!. '1!11. 15 .$. Global Positioning System (GPS). ~ ifiJ Empirical. ~4.~t:~~.m.L,@s~Ym~~~~o. J:.'. ;a1l"j jt .f'j ~:ft:fij n~~ WLAN ~ ~9r 7.l*. 0.5 0+1----'--. .... ~. . .. 2 4 6 8 NtUnbar of neighbOrS HYDragod (III. 1i* :£.t-~~l5~1:£.m-S .t-1t. 1t4tt;k.ff.J;tiJ .k-tf.~~1. 'lff4,*. lEM:.~:::"'lIlmodeltJi*1-*it~~..:r*iW*i!1Ilrl1~~. ' ~liE.~T:f ill. 0. 129. 128. 0. Figure 2.2. ~~.-*BlI:1ft~~P*'4t:~~~&&~.~~~ • • • "It~~ •• ,~. WLAN}t-6t. Nt.. .. --",- .... .....-. .-----:... o. @S.I~~l!lt..~.I~~~~i6,I§~~:ff~.~~~.boR~.. •. j:.. ~t(l1111~ 50th ff.J~!:1tlb 2-3 ~R.. ' ~tIl$@.1tk.-tf.-.~.lkt:*+~. 0. ~;f~~:ff. •. *. 1.2.2 Empirical 1.i*. •. i6:ff~~iil.J.fij~:ff ~~~. *.. * ~ W3 ~)t-Ig, models :. 0.
(4) ~ &t1A ~~J3. ~:ffl:: ~ Nt.. ITeM. ¥-t:"- ¥-lil. ~!II:iL+.:...If-':"fl. 1.2.3 Radio Propagation Model. ,. .~. (l).Jl:I::. model1tm,VJ.""fffJ Equation[l] :. 0. 0. o. 0. O•••.. P(d) = P(do)-lO* n*log(-) -nW *WAF do. WAF ~. '*. A.~. 0y. ....I. h. Figure 2.4 .Il~ • •. • • *~~.~ftJ~.,.n.~*m**M~ • • ffJ8 • • ~'Ll.~~~. 0. 1I:b.1i *. If ifiJ~fO!1m model *-;t , JaJtlffJt-it1t1£~1hl.ffJ~tVt.""fk."if'vJ.i:lI1t}ij ffJ ' ~ *$1tl1rf if. it. "if .BAt *" m :tt ~Nit • ~' Ai: oost ftJ 't ~ *- tt ' ffJ.ti1i ~ -1m. !k... 0. 0. 00. 0 \.... :t..m~.-too~,~~I§.l£~~~.-I-AtffJ.t-m..%t.* • •.£..ffJf# 0. 0. ~~~m.. d. n : -m.~%tlll§.llE"~i~ffJ~it dO : 5J!1l: ffJ .£. ~ .~,. AP ffJ.llE Nt P(dO) : .£.~JliffJ-m.~%tll(dBm) d : jJt~" Jli ffJ ll£. Nt(-I- .n. ffJ ~~ 7t) P(d) : 5J!1l:JliffJ-m.3t%t~~(dBm) WAF : Wall Attenuation Factor nW : ~JtIJ i: Jli ~ AP :t.. ra, ffJ Mi~ it EI T *"1£ cost J:.{ij 'f ip -t ffJ -It 1: ~ Jt 1:tr.~ ilJf:t ffJ 1i *. ~. .........0. m~ • • • *tftJ~~~.~1i~,.u~~~~m~ffJ~ • •*t~~~. ~1i~o~.*m*1i~7t~~.~~,.~,··'*~-&.·~ftJ •• '~a !' .. (l-a)!' ~ a(l-,8) ~ (l-a)(l-,8)' 'vJ.J.W1t}ij*lTi"if1i6ffJtI::~ftJl&~ o~""f ~[4]. 0. -!ifffJ1i*o 1.3. i: ~ .JtriJi.IIPjJ3.-'t-f1t"~. *•• ~M*T~+. "ito."..... .tliJf)'t[4]. L2. • • ~$ffJ • • -I-ffJJt~1i*,~t~+T~-m.~ll * (Angle of arrival, AOA) ~ ~t -m. * ra, k (Time of arrivallTime difference of arrival, TOAITDOA)*ra,. ~~t-m.~ ll'itb,*"* (Hybrid angle and time of arrival)-&.-m.3t%t. ll* (Received signal strength approach, RSS) }ij -m.~%tll* ' 'vJ.""f .~'tftt1i*. a. l§ ~ • • ~$k}ij 802.llb ' ~t*. ~~,~ • • Jt~ffJ~~~7t~m~ffJ~~'.-1m~~.-.tJlio.. T.-t't~tJli'm~""f~.n.*~*~Jt.~.t~k~ • • tffJ'~~ffJ~ ~:t.. -m.. %t II. m-. *.m*8fb. . . . . . .. Figure2.5. 0. propagation model *. 1t.n. °. for all(positions without barriers) { if(there are barriers within the 3*3 square of the position && there are no other selected position). 1.4. Mobile Positioning Technologies in Cellular Networks: An Evaluation of their Performance Metrics[3]. *-.1iI~~,* T -*"~f.Jt1n.1i*tfJ~M ' ,V). Accuracy~Reliability, Latency -&. Applicability. * ~ II ' ~1t ~ It '*" mtfJ -t ~ Jt 1n.1i *. 0. Avallal3lllty. 1\ .1,. r....-o'____ ... the position is selected; eleseif(there are no barriers and other selected position within the 5*5 square of the position) the position is selected; }. I. _n \"U:::•. ",,,,I. OPS. SUb. •I. •. utbaf - - - - city. u_1. Indoor. Figure2.3 iJf;:.tt~J& heuristic ~"ito ~*~m*hm,*"m.~ffJ~I*~.~}ij*ftJ8.~.'~""f~~m~o. OPS. loop!!. _un. :,,1. I I1. '0..1. IWlN' r l1 , S. to. 3a. III. Accuracy 11m). Figure 2.6. 131 130. ~. I. lUI:.1Ge .It.liK .eK. I. .luI(;. ,.,.
(5) nCM. .-i=* .-JIJ!. ~/i!l1L+-=-lf--=-~ ,4;..~l<ll.mJ~~1tt.!Nt.. 1.2.3 Radio Propagation Model (1). Jtt. model1! Jij J-~ r (f.; Equation[1] :. '-..a.0. ~ilIIJ1. d P(d) = P(do)-lO* n *log(-)-nW*WAF do n : m~~&IN3.E..~i~(f.;~it. I. 0 0. 0. o. 0. --0. 0. o. i+h. 0 0. \... P(dO) : £$,f.5(f.;m~~&(dBm) d : i.P.~:f ,f.5 (f.; 3.E..( -t-.J. (f.; ~~ 13"'-) P(d) : iJN:f,f,!;(f.;m~~-9~(dBm). 0. 0. V. .I. h. #-~~ .... Figure 2.4. ~.*~~.ili(f.;~.'.ili~Jij.*M' • • (f.;8• • ~'Ll~M!.I~. *. ~~ T *-;(f. cost J:.fij f' &p :fj' (f.; ~ 'j: I*J ;t1iI. ~ l!$ftt (f.; 7i * ° ~I:. 7i ~ffl~&p~oo~'~~INa;(f.~~~.-t-*:f(f.;~:fm~~ft*.A£.~W~ WAF. 0 0. ~ ~~.. a ~ ~t:$\JlI;. dO : iM:f (f.; £$ ,f,!;. AP (f.; 3.E... WAF : Wall Attenuation Factor nW : i.P.~:f,f.5~ AP ~M (f.;~~it §. o. .o~~~.m~cl*~'~.(f.;*it.;(f..~(f.;.~rk~~~«~m~,~ * • • • L~~ • • *-Jijo.~a&p~*:foo~(f.;r.*«'(f.;4~~._.. ~~ • • • ~~(f.;~~~.~7iM'~L2~M!.~~~lli(f.;* • • ~~~~~. ~7iMo~~~Jij.7iM~~~.~~,~~,.~,~~'&.~(f.; • • '~a. /3 '. (1- a ) /3. ' a (1- /3) , (1- a )(1- /3) , J-~.J. ili 1t Jij =*:l ~ ts (f.; lli ~ (f.; ~ ~. 0. ~r. 111[4] °. ff(f.;7i*o 1.3. L. i: P9 .4.li. ~"'J3.~-&Jl.~ • it:.. &*C.• •~I;Jf}t [4]. *~~~~ftT~+~~~4(f.;~.I-t-(f.;;tft7i*'~~~*T~~~~ * (Angle of arrival, AOA) , ~tm*M.£(Time ofarrivallTime difference ofanival, TOAITDOA)*M.£~I/tm~ ~il...g..* (Hybrid angle and time of arrival) & ~~~ ~* (Received signal strength approach, RSS) ° IN Jt:.~~~4kJij 802.11b ' ~i*. L'. Jij -mtHi~* ' J-~ r A.Jtr1~7i* °. 7\:.~"*,;tfiI.(f.;M!.~tBt-~ m*n (f.;l&~ , *-100~~A-i.P.~:I-,f6 ° A T&P~~~:f~'Jij~r~·*~*~;t~~~.~k~S~:f(f.;,Jt:.~~1&. Figure 2.5. it7\:. '. ~~m~ ~ ~ Jij propagation model * tt.. 0. for all(positioDS without barriers) { if(there are barriers within the 3.3 square of the position && there are no other selected position) the position is selected;. 1.4. Mobile Positioning Technologies in Cellular Networks: An Evaluation of their Performance Metrics[3] -*1S; ~ ~~* T *1-f-~;t 1E 7i (f.; $ Jill ' J-A Accuracy' Reliability, Latency. '*. .& Applicability " ~ J.l ' 41!Ut ~ ~ of Jij. the position is selected;. I. rural. ~. SUb. ~*~Jij*h~..g..ffl~~(f.;ftI*~.~Jij*(f.;8.~.'~r~~ffl*o. I. ~~. '*. 0. :. :. I'\.. IOPS ". I. Urban. I. I. ---.!. Uf'b. Figure2.3 iA~tjJJ&!i heuristic ~.it:. (f.; 1'.;t1E 7i. Availability ramoteL ___ ... eleseif{there are no barriers and other selected position within the 5·5 square of the position). -1t18 *8.4........ city. i~::~ groun :.. IWIN<i , \. I. I lI3 I 1II1 I 16 38 IOG:..108 lK.lK .UK ..18K. D_1. Accuracy I [m}. Figure 2.6. 130 131. ...
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(12) • •Ii JAlIIiIllpt~ ~ lit. ji1*~ar}:.J.~I.'t~;tj~;faMltf.JAffll£,,"tf .~J.~""ft1.11 IJIJ ...' J!I 't ~ k.;!;. j> T ' "" a 1M ~~ IJIJ Il ~~ T ~;;: fjr I!IJ model J:.~~ - jY.<If k.. HeM ~-\:?f. ~-M ~.1t.+;..If.;'M. 1f(.j l,ltf;.1'-tf'. Prd:IDility. Pl~ lcm . .cm, . /'. m,!-. fIJI,. ~ 7!v. (jJJ,r--. '". ""'-. ,".. I. /! I 71.,. =EC ~. ""'-....:;-::1. P. <m. (]My. +~ I I l~ --i. 'F\"'''~~. [1] Paramvir Bahi and Venkata N.Padmanabhan, ''RADAR:. -1--1---1. ~. <JlJ <8l dD dil <!CJ. dD. '. Mar 2000, pp. 775-784.. ~ 1£ - ~ K. ~ ~ , Propagation Method ~.tt *f tf.J ~ 1Jt. 0. .&. ifiJ. Gravity Method ffil ~JSJT~1~tf.J f& ~ i-1£~ 'Ill' tf.J tf '.Hftl!!:. ' .&. ifiJ 1Al~ ~1Jt:l:/FJ£~ tf.J 1J * !tft ifiJ ~ , Comparative Method eA}t:f1~; et *f tf.J i!!"'. ' .&.tt Propagation 0. Method JSJT t,'/r *- tf.J it ?Y'" /F ~ ffi:AA. An In-Building. RF-based User Location and Tracking System", in IEEE INFOCOM 2000,. >!ll). Figure 4.2 Cumulative Distribution. J:.. ~ III ~ ~11. 0. J. dl <lOO. ;fa Ml tf.J applications ~ka1rl~~~1ttf.J 1J~. :;:-Ch!IHai~ .... !/'. .>.PrJ. 4J% t IYfo. ~#1£J!.~ atf.J 1J*~~r '. lJ ..J Ii --n. -. 0. [2]. Asim Smailagic and David Kogan, "Locating Sensing and Privacy In a Context-Aware Computing Environment", in IEEE Wireless Communications, no. 5, Oct 2002, pp.l0-17.. [3] Isaac K Adusei and K.Kyamakya and Klaus lobmann, "Mobile positions Technologies in Cellular Networks: An Evaluation of their Perfonnance. 0. Metrics", in MILCOM 2002, Oct 2002, pp. 1239-1244. [4] #.;j(1!}'. :£"'Ji'."'**&':«. A ~ Nt.~.~~ 1t", in NCS 2003.. l-1. J:.. ~ ,*:~ 3t tf.J JIIf &·ttlAl *- ' 1£ ~ it I! ;!;it ~ ~(WLANH.! ' tt~ user 1:a..I. tf.J ~~ • • J:..tf.J~t'~ak~~A~.~m.tf.J~.I.'~.~~.tf.JlAl*-o.~ ~~1t~ii~a1rl*liff1t~~ttf.Jll?ll ' 1~1~~1iJl£ AP ~7.fiiJ~~ server 1!~. clients 1£~1:a.J:..l!aJHt.'. it 'if ~ , ;\\-it it ' .1"!t., ":t I'! JiUt. ~ lO\ II!l it. ;;: fjr JlU!;j{ X. it. [5] Wenye Wang and Ian F. Akyildiz, "On the Estimation of User Mobility Pattern for Location Tracking in Wireless Networks", in GLOBECOM 2002, Nov 2002, pp. 619-623.. n ~rt.lt.-~~j1"'-tf.J server J:..#.t~~A~.tf.JttJ..~. ~~Hl~~!t*~1:a.~t.lt.J:..tf.J cost **Ft1~ , }j 51al£~/Fm%~ user -I-1!m. tf.J mobile devices ~-I-r"~~tf.Jflt\. ; ifiJ'it-t;-I-5:t;ttf.Jak.:ij--1!i mobile devices tf.J ~it1t.~~k:a ~~t.It.- tf.J r,,'?ll. 0. it.1!i r..' ?lla t; -I-fi:.t. ~ tf.Jf'~ ~. .~l£/F~.~r~~ • • • • ~*-f1:~~~J..'~~~~~~.*.t..i!!tf.J~ ~~t.lt.0. ~* ' 1£i!1!i4Jt~~~1t~/F.tf.J applications #j"J:.J.1!t ' ~"'*-1jl.akl£~. 1:a. tf.J ~ * ' ~*6 ~ data J:.. tf.J • • *1~1 *-1jl. , 1~ k 1£ ~ 1t-;f.! ~ .j~ tf.J if 4h ~ A 0. .~~tf.J~~'l£%-1!i.tt.ttll-1!ifi:£tf.J*., • • • • ~~~~ • •. A e-map;f.!' I~A!if!d!1t.~~.#j'l • • • tf.J mobile device J:... 0. ~;x1~ki:. ~tf.J •• ~t.It.,.~~~~t;*~tf.J~.4h;f.!,~~.t.lt.M~~tf.J'~~ • .:ij- ~. mobile device ~J:.J._i!t,. w1iJ • • a#j"l-Al!i&• • ~iiJ't..%-1!i1!m.~1:tt.'. ~.*~ • •A~.4h.JSJT~A~*tf.J~I."'~~~oa~l£WI~~;f.!'~ t.It.~~l!i&.f;.1'-tftf.J mobile device ~l1lt.f;.tf.Jl!p*1:a.I' 3t.~J:.. • •ll.t. 139. 138.
(13) ."Ill!i.jI@J$~1!r.~~. HeM. ¥ -I:: t- ¥ -lil r:\.1II1l. +':=-11'-':=- }j. 1ftf'l.~+ 1f ' ~ 9r~iif ~ ~Il! ilt ~1ij~;fll! IUl atJJ.i m;f±.~ 1f .~Jl;9f "f1M;.{I1i atJ J.i m.,.;f±. it. ~ j, T ' ifiJ a 1M ~ *- ff.J Ei ~~ T {i:.1t 1l'!. atJ model ~;f±. it.- ~..~ it. :a #{i:. J!. ;9f ~ ff.J 7i it-~ 9r ' ;fill ~~ atJ applications ~ it. a 1M;.fi:~~ 1L fI:J 7i {.;J 0. Prd:d:lililY 11(71. lID%. 0. m, 1m> 'm. /JJJJ. :1. m m,. /~;. ///. I I,. I. 1 '. ",,'~~:l.jt [1] Paramvir Baht and Venkata N.Padmanabhan, ''RADAR: An In-Building RF-based User Location and Tracking System", in IEEE INFOCOM 2000,. 1. Figure 4.2 Cumulative Distribution. J:..lif.:.r II ~l9;U. • ~;(±. - ~ J{. ~ P'J. Mar 2000, pp. 775 M 784.. ' Propagation Method 1f ~ *f fI:J ~ lJi. Gravity Method I§ ~ J5JT ~Hl fI:J ;l!i j, $i.;(±. ~. 0. &. m,. ra, ff.J 1f MJIf.t ili · &. JlQ ~ ~ ~ lJiJit ~ J.'!.m. ff.J 7i it- !tit.JlQ ~ , Comparative Method eAJt1* !t *f ff.J i\l1.j.. ' &.tt Propagation Method PIT ~ *- ff.J l! ffi" 1.j ~ :ftu fl Wl 0. 0. [2]. Asim Smailagic and David Kogan, "Locating Sensing and Privacy In a ContextMAware Computing Environment", in IEEE Wireless Communications, no. 5, Oct 2002, pp.10-17.. [3] Isaac K Adusei and K.Kyamakya and Klaus lobmann, "Mobile Positions Technologies in Cellular Networks: An Evaluation of their Performance Metrics", in MILCOM 2002, Oct 2002, pp. 1239-1244.. ~ # ~_'* •• ' ••• ' •• ~'''~P'J • • ~J&.~~1t • •~~~it. :1'Mi• • *-*.~. .~$t~.~-'Jftl.", inNCS 2003.. ~J.. J:.. ~ -*~ ~ fI:J Fir &'ti~ *-. ' ;(±. ~ ~ ~ J&.~ ~(WLAN)~ ,. ft~ user. 1:tt..i. S!J. ~~ • • ~ff.J.t'~a~~~._.~m.S!J~.i.'~.1f~.S!J~*-o.~ rl) 1f 1t j, 1i1l. a 1rJ -!:- ~ ~ ;l~:tt fI:J.1I1 ' 1J11:ftu:ftu 1ar;(±. AP ~ 7i iii ~ 11 server 1t~. [5] Wenye Wang and Ian F. Akyildiz, "On the Estimation of User Mobility Pattern for Location Tracking in Wireless Networks", in GLOBECOM 2002, Nov 2002, pp. 619-623.. clients ;(±.~1lL.J:..l!aJl1t.' }19ri9t.-~1tf'J.f--S!J server J:..1~~1l'!.._.ff.Jtt.J.~ ijS~Il~1t!t*"~1lL.~.$tJ:..ff.J cost AA,*f~' ~1§Q.t;(±.~~m-1ij.-~ user. -I-1tffl. atJ mobile devices ~-I-r"~1l'!.atJ~i(.; JlQit-:t-l-~:t;tatJl.t~-1ij.--1j'J mobile devices atJ ~~~th~~~:a ijS~i9t.- ff.J F,,'1I1 lt1m r,,'1I1a:t -1-11= J!. j, atJ-t-* ~ 0. .~;(±'~M.~r*~~~.~~*-~~.#~,~.~~ijSJ!..AL.i\latJ~ 1lL.~i9t.o. ' ;(±'It1m ~ J&. ~1f 1t j, ~ fU- atJ applications "'if ~J.. ~ , ~ .... *-1! a~;(±. ~ 1:tt.ff.JM~' ~ijS1f data J:..ff.J~. *1fil*-1!' 1t.k;f±.~ft~1f.f'Jff.Jlf.4bJ~ • • ~~ff.J~~,;(±.-1ij.-- • • • • • • I-.~£ff.J~.,ft • • *~~~~ft*" A eMmap ~, &t~it!d!1t-.;fQ~.*4f'j • • • atJ mobile device J:.. ~;:k1tJt.i: lit, 9r. 0. 0. ~ff.J.~~i9t.,ft~~~~.*~ff.J~.4bJ~'~:ftu.i9t.M~.ff.J'"'if~ft-1ij.- ~ mobile device ;ha J:J..MQtt. • JlQ .~a"'if J:J..l!i&.~ ~ $tf~-1ij.--1j'J1tffl * 1t1l'!. '. "'if&t~~ • • A~.4bJ~J5JT1fA~~atJ1lL..i.ft1.j.~~o~I;(±.T.~~." ~ iif tJ..l!i&,M ~. + 1f ff.J mobile. device 9;u .i!,M f;. ff.J !!p ~1l'!..i. ' 3L~ J:.. ~.11: .t· • 139. 138.
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