̋̚ᗁጯ̂ጯ᜕நրᓜԖ၁௫ጱିर *઼ϲέ᜕̚நࡊጯ७ҁˠڇચְຽგநࡊઘି **઼ϲέ᜕̚நࡊጯ७ ҁˠڇચְຽგநࡊઘି ***઼̚ᗁᘽ̂ጯ᜕நրӄநିၱ઼̚ᗁᘽ̂ጯܢనᗁੰࣘЇ༛ጱ צ͛͟ഇĈ98ѐ6͡25͟ ࣒Լ͟ഇĈ98ѐ10͡22͟ ତצΏྶĈ98ѐ10͡27͟ ఼ੈү۰гӬĈเϲ൝ ઼̚ᗁᘽ̂ጯ᜕நր 40402 έ̚ξΔડጯ̀ྮ91ཱི ྖĈ(04)22053366ᖼ7120; E-mail: lichi@mail.cmu.edu.tw
݈ ֏
2003ѐSARSٙࡎព۞ੰ̰ຏߖౖ̈́ঽ̼͛ યᗟĂ߆ع፟ᙯฟؕ੫၆᜕நˠ˧੨ཉă᜕ ሀё᜕̈́ݡኳĂซҖ˘րЕ۞አߤᄃࡁտĂ ϫ۞ߏдޙၹЪآ۞᜕ந᜕ሀёͽ೩̿ᗁ ᒚݡኳĂ֭дࣘᜪЧᗁੰ۞јώड़ৈ˭Ăቤྋ ᜕நˠ˧̙֖۞યᗟĄ ࡁտĂᅃӄّˠࣶ۞ΐˢΞםӄ᜕ந ˠࣶેҖঽˠ͟૱Ϡ߿᜕Ăឰ᜕நˠࣶѣՀ кॡมેҖຽ᜕ந߿જĂͽ೩ֻ։р۞᜕ ݡኳ(Powers, Dickey, & Ford, 1990)Ą઼᜕̰ሀ ё࠹ᙯྏᏱࢍ൪̈́ࡁտពϯĂԫఙЪ᜕ሀ ё၁߉ޢĂঽˠăछᛳ᜕̈́நˠࣶ႕ຍޘᆧΐ (έΔξ߆عϠԊᗁ᜕გநĂ2005ćเĂ 2005ćเĂ2005)ăछᛳдੰౖҡத˭ࢫ(ഫă ౘăዑăӓĂ2003)ăঽˠ᜕ݡኳࢫҲٕ՟ѣ Լត(เĂ2005ćเĂ2005)Ą҃Ăѣᅃӄˠࣶ םӄ᜕நˠࣶેҖ᜕۞ሀёߏӎົԼត᜕ந ˠࣶ۞᜕ந߿જ̰टĂࠤҌߏӎົᇆᜩ᜕நˠԫఙЪ᜕ሀё˭᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જ̝Լត
ನನĆՂמࣖ*Ćୖֲ͛**Ćเϲ൝***
͛̚ၡࢋ
ώࡁտϫ۞ߏଣԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢĂ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જă̍үᑅ˧ă̍ү ఈᄃॡ̍ү̝Լតଐԛ̈́࠹ᙯّĄώࡁտࠎፖᕝёࡁտనࢍĂͽඕၹёયסٺ᜕ሀё ၁߉ޢ6࣎͡ซҖአߤĄࡁտ၆෪ࠎˬมБయ᜕ሀёྏᏱᗁੰĂ̰ࡊঽ᜕ٗநˠࣶВ39ҜĄඕ ၹёયס̝ܫड़ޘଳछड़ޘ(CVIࣃĈ .9)̰̈́д˘ّᑭീ(Cronbach’s α= .964)ĂВѣ52࣎ᗟ ีĂ̰टΒӣૄώྤफ़᜕̈́ந߿જĄ᜕ந߿જ̶ࠎۡତăมତă࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જ̈́࣎ˠ߿જα ᙷĄࡁտඕڍពϯԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢĂ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇۡତ᜕ந߿જഴ͌Ă͍ߏםӄঽ ˠᖙ֗ăჯ֗វሒඈćมତ᜕ந߿જពᆧΐ ( p < .05)Ăᆧΐ۞ѣጱᄃቁᄮᅃӄˠ᜕ࣶ ̍үϒቁّᄃԆፋّăϹॡมඈć࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જពᆧΐ ( p < .001)Ăтᄃ᜕ဥฤЪүăણ ᄃдᖚିֈᄃົᛉඈć̍үᑅ˧ពᆧΐ ( p < .05)Ă̈́࣎ˠ߿જ̚ҋᛇ⫭ԌଐԛᆧΐĄ࠹ᙯّొ ̶ĂΪѣ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જᄃ̍үᑅ˧ăఈ̈́ॡ̍үଐԛӔពϒ࠹ᙯĄࡁտ൴னԫఙЪ ᜕ሀё̚Ă᜕நˠࣶ၆ঽˠ۞ૄώ᜕̝߿જഴ͌Ăมତ̈́࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જᆧΐĂ̍үᑅ˧ᆧ ΐĄඕڍΞࠎᓜԖ᜕ந၁ચ̝ણ҂Ą ᙯᔣෟĈԫఙЪ᜕ሀёă᜕ந߿જăᅃӄˠࣶă᜕நˠࣶĄࣶ̍үᑅ˧̍үፉĉώࡁտ୬ଣдԫఙ Ъ᜕ሀёĂ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જ۞Լ តଐԛĂͽ˞ྋ᜕நˠࣶдѩ᜕ሀё̍̚ү ቑಛ̰ट۞ԼតĂ֭үࠎ߆ඉטؠ̈́ᗁᒚੰ ᜕ٙሀё̝ણ҂Ą
͛ᚥߤᙋ
˘ăԫఙЪ᜕ሀё ԫఙЪ᜕ሀёߏдᗁᒚ፟ၹ̚Ăѣ ᅃӄˠࣶΐˢ᜕ந᜕ဥฤ̚ĂםӄොΊ᜕̀ ેҖঽˠ᜕̍ү۞˘᜕ሀё(ᎊĂ2009)Ą ϫ݈έ៉੫၆ѩ˘᜕ሀёѣ̙Т۞ჍײĂт ኑЪё᜕ந᜕ሀё(เĂ2005)ăБయ᜕(เă ܘĂ2007ćᎊĂ2009)ඈĂҭሀё۞јᄃྻү ͞ё࠰ࠎԫఙЪ᜕ሀё(ăՂăୖăᆒă เĂ2009)Ąለ઼࡚छ၆ٺдԫఙЪ᜕ሀё ̚۞ᅃӄˠࣶѣ̙ТჍᏜĂּт᜕ந᜕ᅃӄ ˠ ࣶ ă ᅃ ӄ ˠ ࣶ ă ᅃ ӄ ˠ ࣶ ă ᜕ ந ӄ ந ࣶăઉ᜕ᅃӄˠࣶඈĂ҃έ៉̂ొ̶Ⴭ̝ ࠎᜪڇચࣶ(ᖎჍڇࣶ)ĄᔵЧ઼၆ٺᅃӄ ˠࣶ۞Ⴭײѣ̙ٙТĂҭٙેҖ̝̍ү̰ट ̂ ౌ ߏ ࠹ Ҭ ۞ Ă ּ т ჯ ᜕ ঽ ˠ Ϡ ă ם ӄ ซ ࢴă͟૱߿જăםӄ˯˭ԖĂͽ̈́םӄჯ᜕ঽ ˠщБඈĄϫ݈ለ࡚Ӵ઼́έ៉Ă࠰ఢቑᅃӄ ˠࣶٙેҖ۞᜕̍үĂᅮд᜕நˠࣶ۞Ⴞ༛ ᄃ ጱ ̝ ˭ (ഫ ඈ Ă 2003ć Keeney, Hasson, McKenna, & Gillen, 2005; Wilson, 1997)ĄBadovinacăWilsonWoodhouse(1999) Ăܧ᜕நຽ̍үϤᅃӄˠࣶםӄેҖĂΞ ͽឰොΊ᜕̀ѣՀк۞ॡมેҖຽ߿જĄΩ ѣࡁտពϯĂ᜕நˠࣶಈᝌᖐัϡᅃӄˠࣶ ˘Тםӄঽˠ᜕̍ү(Francomb, 1997; Rolfe, Jackson, Gardner, Jasper, & Gale, 1999; McKenna & Hasson, 2002)ĂͷොΊ᜕̀˵႕ຍ᜕̍ү ̶ࠁගᅃӄˠࣶ(Badovinac et al., 1999)Ąҭѣጯ ۰ᄮࠎĂᅃӄˠࣶ۞ΐˢົ᜕ֹநˠࣶΪઇ ᗁᒚԫఙّ߿જĂซֹ҃ాᜈ᜕ّតј̶ ߱ё᜕Ăົౄј᜕ݡኳࢫҲ(Castledine, 1995; Denner, 1995)ćڶͷᔵᅃӄˠࣶ۞ΐˢ Ξ༼࠷јώĂҭݒົᆧΐොΊ᜕̀༛ጱᅃӄˠ ࣶ ᜕ ̍ ү ۞ య Ї ᄃ ̍ ү ፉ ( ᎊ Ă 2 0 0 9 ć Garretson, 2005; Lang, Hodge, Olson, Romano, & Kravitz, 2004)Ą઼̰γጯ۰၆ٺԫఙЪ᜕ሀ ё၆ঽଈ᜕ݡኳĂ̈́д᜕ந᜕̚۞јώड़ ৈ̪ѣధкᛉኢĂЯѩĂ઼ᅫ˯၆ٺଣ᜕ந ԫఙЪ᜕߉Җ၆ٺঽˠă᜕நˠࣶ̈́ᖐ ۞ᇆᜩѣᆧΐ۞ᔌ๕Ą ˟ă᜕ந߿જ ᜕ந߿જߏ᜕நˠࣶྻϡ͕ംĂͽ̈́֗វ ۞ ౻ જ ˧ ֽ Ԇ ј ᄃ ે Җ ঽ ˠ ᜕ ந ۞ វ Җ જ (ᑛĂ1978)Ąᎊăआڒ(1998)᜕ந߿જߏ ᑕϡ᜕ந࿅Ăֽ႕֖ٕྋՙঽˠયᗟ۞˘ វҖજĂົצזˠăॡăг۞ᇆᜩĂ҃ѣ ̙Т۞ຍཌྷĄՀវгֽᄲĂ᜕ந߿જӈࠎঽ ٗ̍ү̚Ăᜪঽˠ࠹ᙯ۞ڼᒚٕܧڼᒚ߿જ (ՂăᆒĂ2001)Ă˵ܑ˞᜕ந۞ેຽቑಛĂΒ ߁ ຽ ۢ ᙊ ă ԫ ఙ Ă ̈́ ਕ ˧ ۞ ྻ ϡ ( ᎊ ඈ Ă 1998)ĄкҜ઼̰γጯ۰ĂЯ̙Тϫ۞᜕ந߿ જ̶ᙷĂּт᜕ந߿જ̶ࠎۡତ᜕நƝۡତ ᄃঽˠତᛈ̝߿જăมତ᜕நƝᓜԖ̝มତ߿ જăܧᓜԖ̝มତ߿જĂ࠹ᙯ᜕நƝᄃಏҜѣ ᙯ̝߿જăܧᓜԖ߿જĂٕ࣎ˠ߿જƝռ ˠ߿જඈ(ՂăᆒĂ2001ćᛂăᆒăăĂ 1998ćHendrickson, Doddate, & Kovner, 1990)Ą
ۡତ᜕ந߿જߏۡତତᛈঽˠ᜕̝ந߿ જćมତ᜕ந߿જߏϏۡତତᛈঽˠĂҭᄃ ঽˠ࠹ᙯ᜕̝ந߿જć࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જߏᄃঽˠ ᜕ᙯĂҭᄃঽְٗચѣᙯ᜕̝ந߿જć࣎ ˠ߿જߏ̙ᄃঽˠ᜕᜕̈́நಏҜѣᙯ̝ռˠ ߿જ(ՂăᆒĂ2001ćᛂඈĂ1998ćHarrison & Nixon, 2002; Hendrickson et al., 1990)Ą˯ࡁտ
̚Ăጯ۰၆ٺЧᙷ᜕ந߿જ̶ᙷЩჍ̙ТĂҭ Чᙷ᜕ந߿જٙΒӣ۞̰टౌѣ࠹Ҭ̝Ą ˬăԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၆᜕ந߿જᇆᜩ̝࠹ᙯ ࡁտ ࡁտពϯĂᅃӄˠࣶΐˢΞ᜕ֹநˠࣶҺ ٺેҖܧ᜕ந̍үĂּтፋԖăሒăວྻ ְચຽચّ̍үĂ҃ឰ᜕நˠࣶѣՀкॡมે Җۡତ᜕ந̈́ᅮࢋຽۢᙊ۞߿જĂּтঽˠ ିֈ᜕̈́ࢍ൪(Anderson, 1997; Badovinac et al., 1999; Gould et al., 1996)Ăͽ̈́ѣՀкॡมᄃঽ ˠ̢જăેҖڼᒚԔᄃෞҤăநღާଐڶ ඈ(Neidlinger, Bostrom, Stricker, Hild, & Zhang, 1993)ĄChangăLamLam(1998)ࡁտඕڍព ϯĂ᜕நˠࣶдᅃӄˠࣶםӄ˭ĂٙેҖ۞ ૄώ᜕߿જពഴ͌Ă҃ܧϠயّ߿જ(Β߁ ᜕நˠࣶ࣎ˠ߿જĂтͪăϡᐠăЃिඈ)ព ᆧ ΐ Ą Т ॡ Ă ᜕ ந ˠ ࣶ ે Җ ᄃ ᗁ ᒚ ဥ ฤ ఼Ăͽ̈́ќะᙯٺঽˠ͕֗ីۤົᅮࢋ̝ྤफ़ ี᜕ந߿જĂ˵дᅃӄˠࣶΐˢޢពᆧ ΐĄέΔξϲᓑЪᗁੰྏҖБయ᜕̝ࡁտࢍ ൪̚Ă̂ొ̶᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎĂঽٗӄநࣶםӄ ેҖܧຽّ̝̍үĂਕૉ೩᜕̿நຽ᜕ ݡኳ(έΔξ߆عϠԊᗁ᜕გநĂ2005)Ą HarrisonNixon(2002)੫၆ѣᅃӄˠࣶ̝˘ ਠΐ᜕ঽ᜕ٗநˠ᜕ࣶந߿જซҖࡁտĂඕڍ ൴ ன Ķ ঽ ˠ ෞ Ҥ ķ Κ ٙ ѣ ᜕ ந ߿ જ ۞ ͧ ּĂۡତ᜕நѨ̝ĄϤ˯ࡁտΞۢĂᅃӄ ˠࣶΐˢ᜕ဥฤ̚ĂΞםӄ᜕நˠࣶેҖঽ ˠૄώ᜕߿જĂឰ᜕நˠࣶѣՀк۞ॡมે Җᅮࢋྵкຽۢᙊ۞᜕ந߿જĂּт᜕நࢍ ൪ăঽˠିֈăঽˠෞҤඈĂֹຽ᜕ந ᜕ݡኳ೩̿Ą αăԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၆᜕நˠࣶ̍үᑅ˧ă ఈ̈́ॡ̍ү̝ᇆᜩ Changඈˠ(1998)ࡁտඕڍពϯĂᅃӄˠࣶ ΐˢΞഴᅅ᜕நˠࣶ̍үఈĂҹڇЯ᜕நˠ ˧̙֖ٙயϠ۞યᗟĄGouldඈˠ(1996)ࡁտඕ ڍ̚˵೩זĂᅃӄˠࣶΐˢĂ᜕நˠࣶॡଐ ԛࢫҲͷ̍ү႕ຍޘᆧΐĄ҃ĂдConeă McGovernăBarnardRiegel (1995)ࡁտ̚ĂЯ ࠎ᜕நˠࣶᅮࢋΝႾ༛ᅃӄˠࣶેҖ᜕̍ү ۞ଐԛĂͽ̈́ፋЪঽˠ᜕ĂЯѩົᆧΐ᜕ந ˠࣶ۞యЇᄃ̍үఈĂ˵ົᆧΐ᜕நˠࣶ۞ ̍үᑅ˧ĄдBlegenăGoodeReed(1998)ࡁտ ̚൴னĂдԫఙЪ᜕ሀё̚Ăྵּͧ۞ ො Ί ᜕ ̀ Ă ঽ ٗ ಏ Ҝ ۞ ̙ ։ ְ І ൴ Ϡ த ྵ ҲĄΩѣࡁտĂጾѣྵкොΊ᜕̀۞ԫఙ Ъ ᜕ ሀ ё Ă ᄃ ҝ ੰ ঽ ଈ Ѫ ˸ த ྵ Ҳ ѣ ᙯ (Lang et al., 2004)Ą Ϥ˯ΞۢĂдԫఙЪ᜕ሀё̚Ă᜕ நˠࣶ̍үଐԛѣ၁ኳгԼតᄃᇆᜩĄϫ઼݈ ̰͛ᚥ֭੫၆᜕நˠࣶдԫఙЪ᜕ሀё ̚۞᜕ந߿જ̰टă̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈĂ̈́ ॡ̍үଐԛ̝ԼតଐԛซҖ࠹ᙯࡁտĂЯѩ ώࡁտ۞ࢋϫ۞ߏࢋଣдԫఙЪ᜕ሀ ё̚Ă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જă̍үᑅ˧ă ̍үఈᄃॡ̍ү̝ԼតଐԛĂͽ̈́كѩ̝ ม۞࠹ᙯّĄ
ࡁտ͞ڱ
ώࡁտ̝̚ԫఙЪ᜕ሀёĂӈࠎĶБ య᜕טޘ९ࢍ൪ķ̚۞Бయ᜕ሀёĂຍ ѣᅃӄˠࣶםӄ᜕நˠࣶેҖ᜕۞ሀёĄ ࡁտ͞ڱଳፖᕝёࡁտనࢍĂࡁտ၆෪ଳϲຍ פᇹĂٺέ៉Δ̚ݑгડˬมણᄃБయ᜕ሀ ё(ԫఙЪ᜕ሀё)ᗁੰ᜕̝நಏҜซҖአ ߤ Ă ͽ ඕ ၹ ё ય ס ଣ ٺ ԫ ఙ Ъ ᜕ ሀ ё 2007ѐ7͡၁߉ޢĂ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જٺ ԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၁߉݈ᄃ၁߉ޢ6࣎͡࠹ͧ۞ ԼតଐԛĄࡁտ᜕̝̚நˠࣶĂΒ߁ٺྏᏱ᜕ நಏҜޞ႕6࣎͡ͽ˯᜕̝நˠࣶăྏᏱᗁੰ᜕̝நҖ߆გ(᜕நొЇă༛ጱăྏᏱ᜕நಏ Ҝ᜕̝நܜăઘ᜕நܜ)В39ˠĄˬมણᄃБయ ᜕ሀё̝ᗁੰ࠰ࠎ̳ϲᗁੰĂ᜕நˠ˧ֶෞ ᝥఢؠ˭၁߉Бయ᜕ሀёĄಏҜ̝ᅃӄˠࣶ ࠰ Ϥ Ч ᗁ ੰ ҋ ད Ă д ՟ ѣ Հ જ ࣧ ᜕ ந ˠ ˧ ̝ ˭ĂซҖᅃӄˠࣶΐˢ᜕̍үĂˬछᗁੰᅃ ӄˠ˧ᄃঽଈͧĂࡗ1/5Ҍ1/8Ą ࡁտ̍ࠎࡁտ۰ણ҂͛ᚥޢҋᑢ۞ඕၹ ёયסĂ̶͞ёଳՂҹёณܑ˛ᕇࢍ̶ڱ(0̶ ܑ՟ѣԼតĂ1̶ࠎҲޘᆧΐĂ2̶ࠎ̚ޘᆧ ΐĂ3̶ࠎޘᆧΐć-1̶ࠎҲޘഴ͌Ă-2̶ࠎ ̚ޘഴ͌Ă-3̶ࠎޘഴ͌)Ąώયס̰टࠎଣ ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જͽ̈́̍ү࠹ᙯតี۞ ԼតଐԛĂ̰टΒ߁᜕நˠࣶૄώྤफ़10ีă ᜕நˠ᜕ࣶந߿જă᜕நˠࣶ̍үᑅ˧࠹ᙯត ี(Β߁Ĉ̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈ̈́ॡ̍ү)Ą᜕ ந߿જొЊ̶ࠎۡତ᜕ந߿જ21ᗟăมତ᜕ந ߿જ16ᗟă࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જ8ᗟ̈́࣎ˠ߿જ3ᗟĂ В48ᗟĄ̶ᇴϒ̶̶кĂܑྍี᜕ந߿જ ેҖଐԛᆧΐć̶̶кĂܑྍี᜕ந߿ જ ଐ ԛ ഴ ͌ ć ̚ Ă ࣎ ˠ ߿ જ ొ Њ ̝ ௐ ˬ ᗟ Ķ⫭ԌଐԛķĂଳͅШࢍ̶Ą᜕நˠࣶ̍үᑅ˧ ࠹ᙯតีΒ߁ҋᛇ̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈᄃ ॡ̍ү̝ԼតଐԛĂТॡͽˬᗟฟٸّયඍྙ ય᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈᄃॡ ̍үԼត̝ࣧЯࠎңĄ યסड़ޘᑭؠଳछ̰टड़ޘĂछѣ̳ ВϠጯੰઉ߆ඉઘିăᗁᒚ߆ඉ̈́გந ઘିă᜕நጯրઘିăБయ᜕טޘ९ ࢍ൪ᗁੰ᜕நొ༛ጱă᜕நგЇᗁੰݡგ ܜВ5ҜछĄ੫၆યס̰ट۞ዋ༊ّซҖᆶ ߤĂЧछֶࡁտϫ۞Ăᆶ८ณܑ̰ट̝Ъዋ ّăᄬຍޘĂుᗟ̟ͽෞ̶Ąछड़ޘ ̶ᇴଳLynn(1986)̰टड़ޘᇴ(Content Validity Index, CVI)Ăෞ̶ᇾଳ4̶ڱĂ4̶ࠎĶܧ૱ዋ ϡķĂܑྍีϫ̙ᅮ࣒Լͷ̙Ξ࠷ரć 3̶ࠎ ĶዋϡķĂܑྍีϫࣃܲĂҭᅮ̈ొЊ࣒ Լć2̶ࠎĶ࣒ԼޢዋϡķĂܑྍีϫΞܲĂ ҭื಼̂ޘ࣒Լć1̶ࠎĶ̙ዋϡķĂܑྍีϫ ᑕԆБ࣒ԼٕӁੵĄ གྷ࿅छᑭؠޢĂώયסЧᗟี̝CVIౌ̬ ٺ .8-1̝มĂπӮCVI۞ࣃࠎ .9Ąયסܫޘଳ Cronbach’s ɗᑭؠĂീྏ̈́ϒё߉ീ̝̰д˘ ّ࠰ࠎ .964Ăɗࣃ࿅ܑᗟϫТኳّ࿅̈́ ᗟ ϫ ࢦ ኑ ̝ Ξ ਕ Ă གྷ ࿅ ͛ ᚥ ߤ ዦ ᄃ छ ኢ ޢĂЯ᜕ந߿જ̝Җࠎม࠹ᙯّĂҭયסٙ ̶̝αᙷ᜕ந߿જ̝ЧѨณܑᗟีĂౌࠎܑ ྍี᜕ந߿જٙυืхдĂͷЧѨณܑ̚ᗟี ̙࠹̢ᇆᜩĂٙͽ̪ܲٙѣᗟีĄ གྷܫड़ޘᑭീޢĂયס࣒Լࣧયסۡ̚ ତ᜕ந߿જ̝ĶϹॡมķᄃĶણᄃᗁ᜕֟ٗ ۞߿જķᗟொҌมତ᜕ந߿જĂ֭ᆧΐĶે Җგྮ᜕நķ̈́Ķ೩ֻЪঽˠϠநᅮՐ̝ ᜕(ּтĈჯঽˠײӛăႾീϠᇈ෪)ķ ᗟćдมତ᜕ந߿જ̚ĂĶᄃᗁᒚဥฤ۰۞ ఼ᄃЪүᙯܼķᗟี̶ࠎĶᄃᗁᒚဥฤ۰۞ ఼ķ̈́Ķᄃᗁᒚဥฤ۰۞Ъүᙯܼķᗟć ࠹ᙯ᜕நొ̶ĂĶણᄃົᛉ̈́дᖚିֈķ̶ ࠎᗟĶણᄃົᛉķ̈́ĶણᄃдᖚିֈķĄՀԼ ޢ᜕̝ந߿જયסᗟีĂϤࣧώ48ᗟᆧࠎ52 ᗟĄ ώࡁտགྷ࿅ˠវྏរ؎ࣶົᆶߤĂ఼࿅ޢ ؕซҖࡁտĂࠎቁܲࡁտ၆෪̝ᝋৈᄃ࣎ˠᔳ ռĂѩયסଳઠЩᆷĄ
ྤफ़ќะᄃந
ώࡁտયסВаќ39ЊĂаќத྿100%Ă ѣड़યסࠎ38Њ(97.44%)Ąࡁտٙྤफ़ͽSPSS Window 15.0ࢍహវซҖྤफ़நᄃࢍ̶ ژĂྤफ़ଳϡೡّࢍăಏ˘ᇹώᄃϲᇹ ώ t ᑭؠĂͽ̈́ϩႬ᎕म࠹ᙯܼᇴ(Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient)ඈࢍ̶ ژ͞ڱซҖྤफ̶़ژĄࡁտඕڍ
˘ă᜕நˠࣶૄώྤफ़ ˬมΔ̚ݑણᄃԫఙЪ᜕ሀёᗁੰ̝ ᜕நಏҜĂ࠰ࠎ̰ࡊಏҜĂͷঽଈ࠰ࠎۻԖঽ ˠĂ͐ͩณܑπӮ̶ᇴࠎ21.08(SD =14.22)Ăઐ Ш Ԇ Б ֶ Ꮵ ̝ ޘ Ă π Ӯ ѐ ᛬ ࠎ 6 6 . 6 8 ໐ (SD =21.11໐)Ąࢍ൪̚ᅃӄˠࣶ࠰Ϥˬछᗁੰҋ དăҋҖቚĂπӮѐ᛬ࠎ45.96໐(SD =9.00 ໐ ) Ă д ன Ї ᗁ ੰ ڇ ચ π Ӯ ѐ ྤ ࠎ 1 9 . 2 2 ࣎ ͡ (SD =48.45͡)Ă࿅Νഅдܜഇ᜕ᅳા̍ү۞ᅃ ӄˠࣶҫ56%Ą ણᄃԫఙЪ᜕ሀё᜕̝நಏҜ۞᜕ந ˠࣶĂΔొѣ10ҜĂ̚ొѣ15ҜĂݑొѣ13 ҜĄٙѣצീ᜕நˠࣶ࠰ࠎّ̃Ăͷѐ᛬̶Ҷ д23Ҍ57໐̝มĂπӮࣃࠎ35.26໐(SD Ŷ8.49 ໐)Ă̚ͽ31Ҍ40໐ࠎкĂҫ47.37%Ă21Ҍ 30໐Ѩ̝Ăҫ31.58%Ąބېڶ͞ࢬĂ̏۰ ҫ57.89%Ąିֈޘͽࡊ۰ࠎкĂҫ 68.42%ĂѨࠎ̂ጯĂҫ23.68%Ąд̍үᖚ৺ ͞ࢬĂͽN2۰ࠎкĂҫ42.11%ĂN1۰ࠎѨ ̝Ăҫ28.95%Ąٺצീ᜕̝நˠࣶ༊̚Ăϫ݈ ፉЇಏҜᅳጱ۰ҫ7.89%Ă̂ొ̶࠰ፉЇᅳጱ ᖚĂҫ92.11%ćഅགྷፉЇ࿅ᅳጱ۰ҫ28.95%Ă ̙അፉЇᅳጱ۰ҫ71.05%Ąдϫ᜕݈நಏҜ̍ ү ॡ ม ͽ 6 Ҍ 1 0 ѐ ۰ ࠎ к Ă В ѣ 1 5 Ҝ ҫ 3 9 . 4 7 %ĂѨࠎ1Ҍ5ѐ(31.58%)ă̈ٺ1ѐ (15.79%)ă11Ҍ20ѐ(7.89%)Ă20ѐͽ˯۰ҫ 5.26%Ą᜕நˠࣶଂ᜕ְந̍үͽ11Ҍ15ѐ۰ࠎ кҫ26.32%ĂѨࠎ6Ҍ10ѐ(23.68%)ă1Ҍ5 ѐ(18.42%)ă16Ҍ20ѐ(18.42%)Ă21ѐͽ˯۰ ҫ10.53%Ą ܑ˘ ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛůۡତ᜕ந߿જ(N =38) ᗟี πӮᇴŲᇾम Pࣃ ۡତ᜕ந߿જ (-3.16)Ų22.70 0.40 1.םӄঽˠᖙ֗ăᕚҜ̈́ٮࡦ (-1.16)Ų1.78 Ŵ0.001*** 2.םӄჯঽˠ֗វሒ (-1.37)Ų1.98 Ŵ0.001*** 3.םӄঽˠՀೱଵڴۏ (-1.32)Ų2.08 Ŵ0.001*** 4.םӄঽˠેҖБᙯ༼ྻજ (-0.97)Ų1.40 Ŵ0.001*** 5.םӄঽˠซࢴ (-1.37)Ų1.81 Ŵ0.001*** 6.ેҖঽˠ๋˾᜕ந 0.08Ų1.32 0.72 7.ેҖგྮ᜕ந (-0.24)Ų1.53 0.35 8.ᄃঽˠ఼۞ॡม 0.00Ų1.21 1.00 9.םӄঽˠેҖপঅڼᒚٕᑭߤ 0.26Ų1.22 0.19 10.ેҖ᜕நԫఙ۞Ԇፋّ 0.29Ų1.01 0.09 11.ග̟ঽˠᘽۏ۞ϒቁّ 0.18Ų1.06 0.29 12.ેҖќะᑭវ 0.11Ų1.62 0.69 13.៍၅ᄃෞҤঽˠ͕֗ېڶ 0.08Ų1.10 0.65 14.೩ֻЪঽˠϠநᅮՐ᜕̝ 0.5Ų1.22 0.02* 15.೩ֻЪঽˠ͕நᅮՐ᜕̝ 0.03Ų1.33 0.90 16.ෞࣃঽˠ᜕ඕڍ 0.28Ų1.11 0.13 17.ેҖঽˠщБ۞߿જ 0.31Ų1.37 0.18 18.೩ֻঽˠ়ঽ࠹ᙯ̝ઉྤੈ 0.24Ų0.91 0.12 19.ග̟ঽˠੰି۞Ԇፋّ 0.32Ų1.16 0.09 20.೩ֻঽˠۤົӀྤ 0.35Ų1.10 0.06 21.ᄃঽˠତᛈ۞ॡม 0.24Ų1.20 0.23 ಏ˘ᇹώ t ᑭؠ, Ho: µ =0 *p < .05; ** p < .01; ***p < .001˟ă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જ̝Լតଐԛ ԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢĂ᜕நˠ᜕ࣶந ߿જԼតଐԛĂྎ֍ܑ˘ҌܑˬĄͽЧᙷ᜕ந ߿જᓁ̶ֽ࠻Ă᜕நˠ᜕ࣶந߿જଘѣมତ᜕ ந߿જᄃ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛѣࢍ˯ព ຍཌྷćۡତ᜕ந߿જᄃ࣎ˠ߿જԼតଐԛ ̙ࢍ˯ពຍཌྷĄ ۡତ᜕ந߿જొЊĂ᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎۡତ ᜕ ந ߿ જ ᆧ ΐ Ă ͷ ѣ ࢍ ˯ ព ຍ ཌྷ ۰ ࠎ Ķ೩ֻЪঽˠϠநᅮՐ᜕̝(ּтĈჯঽˠ ײӛăႾീϠᇈ෪)ķĄ᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎۡତ᜕ந ߿જഴ͌ͷѣࢍ˯ពຍཌྷ۞ѣ5ีĂֶԔ ࠎĈĶםӄঽˠՀೱଵڴۏķăĶםӄঽˠેҖ Б ᙯ ༼ ྻ જ ķă Ķ ם ӄ ঽ ˠ ᖙ ֗ ă ᕚ Ҝ ̈́ ٮ ࡦķăĶםӄჯঽˠ֗វሒķăĶםӄঽˠ ซࢴķ(֍ܑ˘)Ą มତ᜕ந߿જొ̶Ă᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎมତ ᜕ந߿જᆧΐͷѣࢍ˯ពຍཌྷ۞ѣ6ีĂ ֶ Ԕ ࠎ Ĉ Ķ ቁ ᄮ ڇ ࣶ ᜕ ̍ ү ϒ ቁ ّ ۞ ̍ үķăĶቁᄮڇࣶᐂԆፋّ۞̍үķăĶ ጱ ڇ ࣶ ᜕ ঽ ˠ ԫ μ ۞ ̍ ү ķă Ķ Ϲ ॡ มķăĶ౯ᘽۏ۞ϒቁّķĂͽ̈́Ķᄃᗁᒚဥ ฤ۰۞Ъүᙯܼķ(֍ܑ˟)Ą ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જొ̶Ă᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎ࠹ᙯ ᜕ந߿જᆧΐͷѣࢍ˯ពຍཌྷ۞ѣ8ีĂ ֶ Ԕ ࠎ Ĉ Ķ ે Җ ݡ ኳ გ ந ቊ ८ ķă Ķ ણ ᄃ ົ ᛉķăĶેҖಏҜۏݡֻᑕķăĶેҖҖ߆ຽચ ࠹ᙯ۞఼ķăĶ೩᜕ֻநТ̥ѣᙯঽְٗચ̝ ᏙྙķăĶેҖੵ᜕நᄃঽ።ࡔᐂγ۞͛३̍ үķăĶેҖঽٗҖ߆ຽચķ̈́Ķણᄃдᖚିֈķ (֍ܑˬ)Ą ࣎ˠ߿જొЊĂ᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎٺԫఙЪ ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢĂ࣎ˠ߿જᆧΐͷѣࢍ ˯ពຍཌྷ۰ࠎĶ⫭Ԍଐԛķ(֍ܑˬ)Ą ܑ˟ ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛůมତ᜕ந߿જ(N =38) ᗟี πӮᇴŲᇾम Pࣃ มତ᜕ந߿જ 5.16Ų13.68 0.03* 1.Ϲॡม 0.53Ų0.98 0.002** 2.ણᄃᗁ᜕֟ٗ 0.16Ų0.49 0.06 3.ঽ።ᄃ᜕நᐂ३ᆷ۞Ԇፋّ 0.11Ų0.92 0.49 4.טؠ᜕நࢍ൪۞Ԇፋّ 0.11Ų1.03 0.53 5.౯ᘽۏ۞ϒቁّ 0.32Ų0.74 0.01* 6.םӄঽˠڼᒚᄃᑭߤ݈۞౯ 0.18Ų1.09 0.30 7.ᑭវਖ਼ᑭ۞நᄃᖸ 0.29Ų1.18 0.14 8.ેҖࢴᄃҗۏ۞̶ਖ਼ (-0.13)Ų1.23 0.52 9.ᄃᗁᒚဥฤ۰۞఼ 0.29Ų0.98 0.08 10.ᄃᗁᒚဥฤ۰۞Ъүᙯܼ 0.39Ų0.95 0.01* 11.ጱڇ᜕ࣶঽˠԫμ۞̍ү 0.74Ų1.39 0.002** 12.ቁᄮڇ᜕ࣶ̍үϒቁّ۞̍ү 0.97Ų1.28 Ŵ0.001*** 13.ቁᄮڇࣶᐂԆፋّ۞̍ү 0.79Ų1.17 Ŵ0.001*** 14.ـܔ᜕ந৭ᄃঽˠಏҜ۞Ѩᇴ 0.00Ų1.25 1.00 15.аᑕΨˠ࿚۞Ѩᇴ (-0.21)Ų1.21 0.29 16.ღާְІ۞ந 0.03Ų1.05 0.88 17.ᓑᘭ᜕࠹ᙯְآ۞̍ү 0.11Ų1.06 0.54 18.ᄃछᛳ۞఼ 0.24Ų1.30 0.27 19.߾͘Ѩᇴ 0.26Ų1.03 0.12 ಏ˘ᇹώ t ᑭؠ, Ho: µ=0 *p < .05; ** p < .01; ***p < .001
ˬă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ̍үᑅ˧࠹ᙯតี̝Լតଐ ԛ ԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢĂ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ ̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈ̈́ॡ̍үଐԛԼតଐ ԛĂྎ֍ܑαĄ55.26%۞᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎĂ̍ үᑅ˧ٺԫఙЪ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢᆧΐĂͷ ѣࢍ˯ពຍཌྷĂҭߏĂ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ̍ үఈᄃॡ̍үԼតଐԛ֭ពमளĄ αă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જᄃ̍үᑅ˧࠹ᙯត ีԼតଐԛ̝࠹ᙯّ ᜕நˠࣶ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જᄃ᜕நˠࣶ̍үᑅ ˧ă̍үఈ̈́ॡ̍үଐԛ࠰Ӕព̚ޘϒ ࠹ᙯĂܑϯ᜕நˠࣶ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જດᆧΐĂ ̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈ̈́ॡ̍үଐԛດᆧΐ(֍ ܑ̣)Ą ܑˬ ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛů࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જă࣎ˠ߿જ(N =38) ᗟี πӮᇴŲᇾम Pࣃ ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જ 4.26Ų6.48 Ŵ0.001*** 1.ેҖಏҜۏݡֻᑕ 0.55Ų0.92 Ŵ0.001*** 2.ેҖ᜕ந৭ሒፋந 0.16Ų0.75 0.20 3.ેҖੵ᜕நᄃঽ።ࡔᐂγ۞͛३̍ү 0.47Ų0.89 0.002** 4.ેҖঽٗҖ߆ຽચ 0.37Ų0.88 0.01* 5.ેҖҖ߆ຽચ࠹ᙯ۞఼ 0.55Ų0.92 Ŵ0.001*** 6.ેҖݡኳგநቊ८ 0.66Ų0.94 Ŵ0.001*** 7.ણᄃົᛉ 0.58Ų0.92 Ŵ0.001*** 8.ણᄃдᖚିֈ 0.37Ų0.97 0.02* 9.೩᜕ֻநТ̥ѣᙯঽְٗચ̝Ꮩྙ 0.55Ų0.92 Ŵ0.001*** ࣎ˠ߿જ 0.16Ų1.88 0.07 1.Ѓिॡม (-0.11)Ų0.83 0.44 2.ϡᐠॡม (-0.08)Ų0.75 0.52 3.⫭Ԍଐԛ(ͅШᗟ) (-0.34)Ų0.94 0.03* ಏ˘ᇹώ t ᑭؠ, Ho: µ=0 *p < .05; ** p < .01; ***p < .001 ܑα ᜕நˠࣶ̍үᑅ˧࠹ᙯតีԼតଐԛ(N =38) ᗟี πӮᇴŲᇾम Pࣃ ᜕நˠࣶ̍үᑅ˧̝࠹ᙯតี 1.Бయ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢᄃ၁߉݈࠹ͧଋ۞̍үᑅ˧ 0.55Ų1.29 0.01* 2.Бయ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢᄃ၁߉݈࠹ͧଋ۞̍үఈ 0.39Ų1.24 0.06 3Бయ᜕ሀё၁߉ޢᄃ၁߉݈࠹ͧଋ۞ॡ̍ү 0.32Ų1.07 0.07 ಏ˘ᇹώ t ᑭؠ, Ho: µ=0 *p < .05; ** p < .01; ***p < .001 ܑ̣ ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જᄃ̍үᑅ˧࠹ᙯតี̝࠹ᙯّ តี ۡତ᜕ந มତ᜕ந ࠹ᙯ᜕ந ࣎ˠ߿જ ̍үᑅ˧ 0.080 0.147 0.374* -0.268 ̍үఈ -0.023 0.058 0.410* -0.305 ॡ̍ү -0.092 -0.003 0.561** -0.258 * p < .05 (2-tailed) ** p < .01 (2-tailed).
ኢ
˘ă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇۡତ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛ дώࡁտ̚Ă᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎۡତ᜕ந߿ જពᆧΐ۞ѣĈ೩ֻЪঽˠϠநᅮՐ̝ ᜕ĂּтჯঽˠײӛăႾീϠᇈ෪ඈĄѩ ඕڍᄃࡁտඕڍ࠹ҬĂЯ᜕நˠࣶѣᅃӄ ˠࣶ۞םӄĂ҃ѣՀкॡมેҖঽˠෞҤඈ ѣຽّᄃԫఙّ۞᜕ந߿જ(Gould et al., 1996; Zimmermann, 2000)Ą˫ώࡁտ᜕̚நˠࣶ ᄮࠎۡତ᜕ந߿જពഴ͌۞ѣ5ีĈםӄঽ ˠՀೱଵڴۏăםӄેҖБᙯ༼ྻજĂםӄᖙ ֗ăᕚҜ̈́ٮࡦĂםӄჯ֗វሒăםӄซ ࢴඈĄChangඈˠ(1998)੫၆ѣᅃӄˠࣶᄃ՟ѣ ᅃӄˠࣶ۞᜕நಏҜઇଣĂඕڍ൴னѣᅃӄ ˠࣶםӄ˭Ă᜕நˠࣶેҖૄώ᜕߿જᄃ᜕ நԫఙ᜕ّ߿જពഴ͌ĄϤѩΞۢĂЯࠎ ᅃ ӄ ˠ ࣶ ۞ ̍ ү ̰ ट ࢋ ࠎ ે Җ ঽ ˠ ૄ ώ ᜕ĂּтĈםӄঽˠેҖБᙯ༼ྻજăᖙ֗ᕚ Ҝăჯ֗វሒăםӄซࢴඈĄ߇༊ᅃӄˠ ࣶΐˢ᜕ဥฤ̚Ăܮົ᜕ֹநˠࣶેҖঽˠ ૄώ᜕ᅮՐඈ᜕ந߿જഴ͌Ą ώࡁտᄃ઼γࡁտӮᙋ၁ĂᅃӄˠࣶΞם ӄ᜕நˠࣶેҖঽˠૄώ᜕̝߿જĂ᜕ֹந ˠࣶՀѣॡมેҖຽّԫఙ۞߿જĂтჯ ঽˠײӛၰ఼Ąዶ۞ຽ᜕ந߿જĂּт ೩ֻঽˠ়ঽ࠹ᙯઉྤੈă೩ֻЪঽˠ͕ நᅮՐ᜕̝ăᄃঽˠତᛈॡมඈีϫĂٺώ ࡁտᔵӔனᆧΐҭࢍ˯ពमளĄѩඕڍ ᄃNeidlingerඈˠ(1993)̝ࡁտ̙࠹Т̚Ăצീ᜕ நˠܑࣶϯĂᔵᅃӄˠࣶਕםӄ᜕நˠࣶે Җঽˠૄώ᜕ᅮՐĂҭ˵Яᅃӄˠࣶ৵ኳă ޘ̙˘Ă߇ᅮࢋ܅ॡม༛ጱᅃӄˠࣶăቁᄮ ᅃӄˠࣶ̍ү̰ट۞ቁ၁ّĂͽቁܲঽˠ۞щ БّĄ ˟ă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇมତ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛ дมତ᜕ந߿જొ̶Ăٺώࡁտ᜕̚நˠ ࣶᄮࠎมତ᜕ந߿જពᆧΐ۞ѣĈቁᄮ ڇ᜕ࣶ̍үϒቁّ۞̍үăቁᄮڇࣶᐂ Ԇፋّ۞̍үăጱڇ᜕ࣶঽˠԫμ۞̍ үăϹॡมă౯ᘽۏ۞ϒቁّĂͽ̈́ᄃᗁ ᒚဥฤ۰۞ЪүᙯܼĄдᆒૺ(2007)ࡁտ̚Ă 52.5%۞᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎ̍үయЇΒ߁ᄃڇࣶ ఼ăႾ༛ăጱĂͽ̈́؎ࠁڇࣶેҖ᜕ ̍үĂЯࠎᅃӄˠࣶΐˢ҃ᆧΐĄϤѩΞۢĂ ຽ۞᜕நˠࣶᑕѣຽۢᙊቚᄃҿᕝਕ ˧ĂѣయЇΝିጱᄃ༛ጱᅃӄˠࣶેҖঽˠ ᜕̍үĂͽቁ᜕ܲ̍ү۞ϒቁّ̈́ԆፋّĂ ༊ᅃӄˠࣶ࿃זયᗟٕ̙ົᏰᄮኑᗔ۞ᓜԖય ᗟॡĂ᜕நˠࣶᅮࢋ˯೩ֻםӄ(McLaughlin et al., 2000)ĄChangඈˠ(1998)೩זĂᅃӄˠࣶ ΐˢޢĂᔵ᜕நˠࣶٙેҖ۞ۡତ᜕ந߿જ ഴ͌ĂҭΞਕྻϡྵк۞ॡมΝ༛ጱᄃࠁᅃ ӄˠ᜕ࣶ̍үĂͽჯ᜕ݡኳĄ ٺώࡁտ᜕̚நˠࣶҋᛇĶϹॡมķ ѣពᆧΐĂࣧЯࠎצീ᜕நˠܑࣶϯĂд ԫఙЪ᜕ሀё᜕̚நˠࣶੵ˞ࣧώ۞Ϲ γĂΩᅮᄃᅃӄˠࣶ˘ϹĂͷυืቁᄮᅃ ӄˠࣶϹ̰टϒቁّᄃࡔᐂԆፋّĂЯѩᆧ ΐϹॡมĄ ˬă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જԼតଐԛ ᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જពᆧΐ۞ ѣĈેҖݡኳგநቊ८ăણᄃົᛉăેҖಏҜ ۏݡֻᑕăેҖҖ߆ຽચ࠹ᙯ۞఼ă೩᜕ֻ நТ̥ѣᙯঽְٗચ̝ᏙྙăેҖੵ᜕நᄃঽ ።ࡔᐂγ۞͛३̍үăેҖঽٗҖ߆ຽચĂͽ ̈́ ણ ᄃ д ᖚ ି ֈ Ą ѩ ඕ ڍ ᄃ ࡁ տ ඕ ڍ ̙ ТĂChangඈˠ(1998)ࡁտពϯĂдᅃӄˠࣶ۞ םӄ˭Ă᜕நˠࣶ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જΒ߁ࡁտăݡ ኳቁᄮăдᖚିֈă༛ጱඈពഴ͌Ăͷ᜕ந ˠ ࣶ ᄮ ࠎ ѣ ྵ к ॡ ม ᄃ ᗁ ᒚ ဥ ฤ ఼ ĄNeidlingerඈˠ(1993)ࡁտඕڍϺពϯĂѣᅃӄˠ ࣶણᄃ̝ಏҜ᜕நˠࣶĂણᄃฟົᄃಡӘॡ มࢫҲĄώࡁտ̚ඕڍᄃࡁտ̙Т۞ࣧЯ ߏĂྏᏱ᜕நಏҜ̝გഅܑϯĂࠎ˞ᆧΐણ ᄃטޘ۞᜕நˠࣶ၆ѩሀё۞˞ྋĂ߇ᓝᏱк Ѩ۞࠹ᙯᄲځົᄃдᖚିֈĂᆧࢎՏ࣎͡ؠഇ ۞̍үᑭົᏙྙኢćΩγЯࠎᅮႾീѩ ሀё၆ٺ᜕ݡኳ۞ᇆᜩĂ҃ᆧΐ˞Ⴞീݡኳ გநᄃቊ८۞̍үĂЯѩౄјώࡁտ̝ඕڍĄ αă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ࣎ˠ߿જԼតଐԛ ٺώࡁտ̚Ă᜕நˠࣶᄮࠎ࣎ˠ߿જ̚ ۞⫭ԌଐԛពᆧΐĂЃिᄃϡᐠଐԛᔵഴ ͌ҭࢍ˯ពԼតĄώࡁտඕڍᄃChangඈ ˠ(1998)۞ࡁտ̚Ăᅃӄˠࣶΐˢޢ᜕நˠࣶ ͪăϡᐠăЃिඈ߿જពᆧΐ۞ඕڍ̙ТĄ Ϥฟٸّયᗟ̚൴னĂώࡁտ̝צീ᜕நˠࣶ ܑϯĂᅃӄˠࣶ۞ΐˢᔵםӄ᜕ঽˠĂҭ ߏЯࠎ᜕ሀё۞ԼតĂԼត˞̍ү̰टĂт ݈̝࠹ᙯᄲځົᄃᑭົăݡኳგநᄃቊ८ ඈ߿જĂͷᅃӄˠࣶ۞৵ኳ̙˘ĂᅮѣՀк۞ ႾീᅃጱĂ࠰ົԼត᜕ந̍үีѨॡมĂ ٙͽᔵЃिᄃϡᐠॡมԼត̙кĂҭ⫭Ԍଐ ԛځពᆧΐĄ ̣ă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ̍үᑅ˧Լតଐԛ ᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ̍үᑅ˧ٺԫఙЪ᜕ሀ ё၁߉ޢពᆧΐĂࡁտצീ᜕நˠࣶϤฟٸ ّ ય ඍ ̚ Ă ܑ ϯ ̍ ү ᑅ ˧ ᆧ ΐ ۞ ࣧ Я Β ߁ Ĉ Ğ˘ğԫఙЪ᜕ሀё࠹ᙯܑಏ͉кćĞ˟ğ ڇࣶˠ˧̙ૉćĞˬğણᄃԫఙЪ᜕ሀ ё۞ঽˠֶᏥޘྵĂጱڼᒚ᜕ྵॡć ĞαğણᄃԫఙЪ᜕ሀё۞ঽˠĂछᛳྵ ͌дᗁੰ᜕ঽˠĂ߇ᆧΐᄃछᛳྖᓑᘭ۞ ѨᇴĂͷ༊ѣღާְଐ൴ϠॡĂᗁ᜕ˠࣶڱ ϲӈઇՙؠᄃཉćĞ̣ğڇࣶ۞ਕ˧ᄃ৵ ኳણम̙ᆅă၆ٺღާְІ۞ᛋᛇّҲĂͷ ᜕ԫఙ̙৷ሢĂ߇ᄃᅃӄˠࣶ༊ົѣ͕நᑅ ˧ĂЯѩֹࣇ۞̍үᑅ˧ᆧΐĄ၆᜕நგ ந۰ֽᄲĂЯᅮࢋщଵ᜕ˠ˧ăጱڇࣶ ̍үԫμĂͽ̈́Ⴞീ᜕ݡኳĂЯ҃ᆧΐ̍ үᑅ˧ĄϤѩΞۢᔵᅃӄˠࣶםӄ᜕நˠࣶ ેҖঽˠ۞ૄώ᜕̍үĂҭߏ၆ٺ᜕நˠࣶ ֽᄲĂЯࠎк˞༛ጱᄃ؎ࠁᅃӄˠࣶેҖ᜕ ̍ү۞֎ҒᄃᖚચĂ֭ͷᅮፉЇঽˠщБ᜕ ۞чܝࣶĂٙͽ̍үఈᄃ̍үᑅ˧Հߏᆧ ΐĄ ̱ă᜕நˠࣶҋᛇ᜕ந߿જᄃ̍үᑅ˧Լតଐ ԛ̝࠹ᙯّ дώࡁտ̚ĂΪѣ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જᄃ᜕நˠ ࣶ̍үᑅ˧ă̍үఈĂͽ̈́ॡ̍үଐԛ ѣ࠹ᙯّĂͷӔព̚ޘϒ࠹ᙯĂϤฟٸّય ඍۢࣧ̚ЯĂߏЯࠎдѩ᜕ࢍ൪̚Ă᜕ நˠࣶυืӀϡ̍үٕ̚ߏ̍үͽγ۞ॡมֽ ેҖ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જĂΒ߁ણΐྏᏱࢍ൪࠹ᙯᄲ ځົăᑭົăঽٗົᛉĂࠎ˞Яᑕࢍ൪۞၁ ߉Ă᜕நˠࣶ˵ેҖݡኳგநቊ८࠹ᙯ̍үĂ ၆ѩາ۞᜕ሀёĂᄃᅃӄˠࣶ۞᎐Ъםአ ඈ ዋ ᑕ ඈ Ă ֱ ౌ ј ࠎ ᜕ ந ˠ ࣶ ̍ ү ᑅ ˧ă̍үఈ̈́ॡ̍үଐԛᆧΐ۞ࣧЯĄ
ඕ ኢ
ώࡁտ൴னдԫఙЪ᜕ሀё̚ĂགྷϤ ᅃӄˠࣶ۞ΐˢਕםӄ᜕நˠ᜕ࣶঽˠĂ͍ ߏેҖঽˠૄώ᜕̝߿જĄҭЯࠎᅃӄˠ ࣶ۞৵ኳ̙˘ăቚ̙֖ඈࣧЯĂ᜕நˠࣶᅮ кॡมፉЇ༛ጱ̈́ିጱᅃӄˠࣶેҖ᜕̍ү ۞֎ҒĂٙͽมତ᜕ந߿જᆧΐĄѩሀёࠎ˘ ྏᏱࢍ൪Ăࠎ˞ࢍ൪۞߉Җᄃޢᜈ࠹ᙯ߆ඉѣ ֶፂᇴፂΞણ҂ĂঽٗಏҜົซҖ࠹ᙯ۞ᄲځ ົ ă ᑭ ົ ă ͛ ३ ү ຽ ă ᜕ ݡ ኳ ቊ ८ ඈ ߿ જĂЯѩֱ࠹ᙯ᜕ந߿જĂߏᄃᓜԖ᜕நˠࣶ ̍ ү ᑅ ˧ ă ఈ ̈́ ̍ ү ॡ ᆧ ΐ ۞ Я ৵ ѣ ᙯĄѩ˘ࡁտྤफ़ќะॡมٺࢍ൪߉Җ6࣎͡ ޢ Ă ٺ ࢍ ൪ ̝ ܐ ഇ Ă ߏ ᜕ ሀ ё ۞ ዋ ᑕ ᎐ ЪĂְ̈́ચّ۞ຽચྵкĂٙԛј۞᜕நˠࣶ ̍үᑅ˧Ăߏ၁߉ѩԫఙЪ᜕ሀёٙࢋڦ ຍ̝ன෪Ą
ޙ ᛉ
ॲፂώࡁտඕڍᄃ൴னĂ੫၆Ϗ᜕ֽந၁ ચ̈́ࡁտᑢೀᕇޙᛉĈ ˘ăᆧΐ᜕நˠࣶ۞ᅳጱᄃგநਕ˧ ధкጯ۰೩Ă᜕நˠࣶ༛ጱᅃӄˠࣶે Җ᜕̍үĂߏቁܲঽˠщБᄃঽˠ᜕ᇾ ۞ᙯᔣ(McIntosh, Moriarty, Lugton, & Carney, 2000)ĄࢵАĂޙᛉᗁᒚ፟ၹᑕᖣϤдᖚିֈ۞ ቚᄃކጱĂឰ᜕நˠࣶ˞ྋڇࣶ۞̍ү̰ टᄃᖚయĂጯ௫ώ᜕֗ந߿જдѩ᜕ሀё̚ ̍ү̰ट۞ԼតĂּтିጱᄃႾ༛ᅃӄˠࣶ ᜕̍үăፋЪᄃቊ८᜕ݡኳඈĄЯѩΐૻ᜕ நˠࣶ၆ٺঽˠ᜕გந۞యЇᄃ͞ڱĂΒ߁ тң༛ጱᄃםӄᅃӄˠࣶેҖ᜕̍үĄ᜕ந ˠࣶౌᑕѣგந드ጱਕ˧Ă̖ਕૉѣड़г ᅳ᜕ဥฤેҖᐹኳ۞ঽˠ᜕Ăͽቁܲঽ ˠ᜕ݡኳ̈́щБĄ ˟ăΐૻᅃӄˠ᜕ࣶቚ ϫ݈߆ع፟ᙯѣځ͛ఢؠᅃӄˠࣶ۞ቚ ̰ट̈́̍үีѨĂҭྵઐШاछ̈́ܜഇ᜕ٙ ᅮ౯۞ૄώਕ˧Ă၆ٺާّಏҜঽˠ᜕૱ ֍ ય ᗟ ̈́ ̙ Т ় ঽ ଈ ۰ ღ ާ ې ڶ ̝ ҿ Ҿ ᄃ ந Ă ֭ ځ ቁ ۞ ఢ ؠ Ą ҃ д ާ ّ ᜕ ಏ Ҝ ̚Ăঽˠ়ঽ۞ᚑࢦޘ়ঽপّĂ࠰ᄃܜഇ ᜕ಏҜ̚۞ঽˠ̙࠹ТĄϫ݈̂ొ̶߉Җԫ ఙ Ъ ᜕ ሀ ё ۞ ಏ Ҝ Ă ̂ ౌ ֶ ፂ ঽ ٗ প ّĂҋҖΩγкщଵ࠹ᙯቚኝĂҭѩቚ ኝ֭˘۞ᇾĄѩγѣֱ፟ၹ̝ᅃӄˠ ࣶᛳٺγΒಏҜĂ֭ځቁ۞ซล᜕ࢋՐĄ ߇ޙᛉᑕځؠᛳٺާّಏҜᅃӄˠࣶٙᅮ౯ ૄώਕ˧۞ቚࢍ൪Ă֭ࢎؠᓜԖ᜕ਕ˧ෞ ८ᇾĂ၆ٺ̏ซˢާ᜕ّಏҜ̝ᅃӄˠࣶ ֽ ᄲ Ă ˵ ᑕ ٺ д ᖚ ି ֈ ̚ ྃ ֖ ٙ ᅮ ۞ ቚ ኝ Ăͽૻ̼ᅃӄˠࣶ၆ާّঽଈ۞᜕ਕ˧Ą ˬă၆Ϗֽࡁտ̝ޙᛉ ώࡁտЯצࢨٺѩ˘᜕ሀёΪѣˬมᗁ ੰ ྏ Ᏹ Ă ͷ Տ ˘ ม ྏ Ᏹ ᗁ ੰ ࠰ Ϥ ˘ ࣎ ঽ ٗ ಏ ҜĂЯѩώࡁտ̝࣎९ᇴ͌ĂڱଯኢҌٙѣ ઼̰̝ᗁᒚ᜕፟ၹĄޙᛉϏֽ۞࠹ᙯࡁտĂ Ξᆧΐᇹώᇴăᆧΐ̙ТࡊҾಏҜඈĂͽซ˘ Վ˞ྋ̙Т়ঽᙷֶٕᏥޘĂ၆ٺԫఙ Ъ᜕ሀё᜕̚ந߿જԼតଐԛ۞ᇆᜩĂ֭ਕ ѣՀБࢬ۞ଣտĄѩγᑕΞГᖸѩ˘᜕ሀ ё᜕̚ந߿જԼតଐԛĂ࿅˞ዋᑕഇޢĂ᜕ந ˠࣶ۞ᑅ˧ߏӎѣ̙ТĄ˵Ξͽ੫၆дԫఙ Ъ᜕ሀё᜕̚ந߿જԼតଐԛĂͽ̈́ߏӎົ ၆ ঽ ˠ ᜕ ݡ ኳ ̈́ ঽ ˠ щ Б ౄ ј ᇆ ᜩ ซ Җ ଣ ĂͽүࠎϏֽ߆ඉטؠ˯۞ણ҂Ąᄫ ᔁ
ѩࢍထຏᔁҖ߆ੰϠཌ᜕ந̈́ઉ᜕ ᜕நࡊ2007ѐޘБయ᜕טޘ९ࢍ൪۞གྷ ˠ˧̝͚Ąણ҂͛ᚥ
έΔξ߆عϠԊᗁ᜕გந(2005ѐ5͡23 ͟)ĆέΔξϲᓑЪᗁੰБయᜪஎצр ෞĂӄநăछᛳ࠰႕ຍĆ2007ѐ10͡9͟פ ҋhttp://www.healthcity.net.tw/upload/ 200552316473612.doc Ղ⚻ăᆒܜщ(2001)ąଣ̰ăγࡊঽ᜕ٗநˠ ࣶ Տ ͟ ̍ ү ॡ ม ̶ ੨ ąၷ ᓁ ᜕ ந Ă 18(2)Ă193-203Ą ನ ನ ă Ղ מ ࣖ ă ୖ ֲ ͛ ă ᆒ ϲ ˲ ă เ ϲ ൝ (2009)ąଣ઼̰ԫఙЪ᜕ሀё۞ႊซ ᄃனڶą᜕நᗔᄫĂ56(3)Ă66-71Ą เ࡚ം(2005)ĆͽኑЪё᜕ந᜕ሀёܳซ ϔிઉ᜕ݡኳ(Җ߆ੰϠཌ᜕ந̈́ઉ ᜕᜕நࡊ94ѐޘܳซϔிઉ᜕ ݡኳࢍ൪јڍၡࢋĂDOH94-NH-17)Ćέݑ ξĈјΑ̂ጯᗁጯੰܢనᗁੰĄ เ৵ࠡăܘ͡؞(2007ѐ3͡10͟)Ć̚රϔ઼᜕ நर᜕̳̀ົБ઼ᓑЪົůௐ˛بௐ˘Ѩ ົܑࣶ̂ົࡔᐂĆ̞ৣᬂநְܜĂ̚ර ϔ઼᜕நर᜕̳̀ົБ઼ᓑЪົௐ˛بௐ ˘Ѩົܑࣶ̂ົĆέΔĈ઼ᅫົᛉះĄ เຎ͕(2005)Ćޙၹͽঽˠࠎ͕̚ၙّঽٗ ᜕நˠࣶăঽٗӄநࣶፋЪ᜕ّሀёᄃ јड़ଣ(Җ߆ੰϠཌ᜕ந̈́ઉ᜕ ᜕நࡊ94ѐޘܳซϔிઉ᜕ݡኳࢍ൪ јڍၡࢋĂDOH94-NH-26)ĄॿĈܜطࡔ هᗁੰॿ̶ੰĄ ഫᚊăౘࡌ۾ăዑᓐ࡚ăӓ͛(2003ѐ12 ͡)Ćᄂ៉ҝੰ̼͛۞តࢭůĶέΔξϲᗁ ੰБయᜪྏᏱࢍ൪ķĆ2007ѐ10͡9͟פ ҋhttp://www.stti.org.tw/publications/ no18.htm ᆒϖ۾ăૺۧآ(2007)ąϤ᜕நˠࣶ៍ᕇଣԫ ఙЪ᜕ሀё၆ᓜԖ᜕̝ᇆᜩąܜط ᜕நĂ18(4)Ă487-498Ą ᎊ࡚ս(2009)ĆፋЪ᜕ሀёĈԫఙЪ᜕ሀ ёΞҖّଣĆٺᎊ࡚սĂ᜕நຽય ᗟࡁ(˟ۍĂ309-319ࢱ)ĆέΔĈ̣ݑĄ ᎊ৷රăआබ ăڒᚊᒪ(1998)ą᜕ந߿જᄃ᜕ நຽˠࣶ̝ᖚయఢቑą᜕நາ෪Ă8(2)Ă 14-17Ą ᑛϜຎ(1978)ąঽˠ᜕̀၆ٺ᜕ந߿જࢦࢋّ ۞࠻ڱą᜕நᗔᄫĂ25(1)Ă66-79Ą ᛂಈăᆒᇊܺăᚊ༃ă۾(1998)ą᜕நˠ ࣶॡม̶੨ą̚රᄫĂ8(1)Ă36-50Ą
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ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the changes of nurses’ perceptions of nursing activity, work stress, workload, overtime, and the relationship between variables after implementing the Skill-Mixed model. Method: This is a cross-sectional designed study. The structure questionnaire is used after implementing the Mixed model for 6 months. The 39 registered nurses were enrolled from the 3 Skill-Mixed model hospitals. The questionnaire consists of 52 items which include demographic data and nursing activity. The questionnaire contains expert face validity (mean CVI: .9) and internal consist reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha= .964). The nursing activities are divided into four categories including direct, indirect, related nursing activities, and personal activities. Result: The results reveal that nurses’ perception of activity decreased in direct nursing activity such as assisting patient’s position change and personal hygiene. The nurses’ perception of indirect activity increased (p< .05) such as conducting nurse assistants’ skills of health care, confirming nurse assistants’ works, and time of duty shift; while related nursing activities also increased (p< .05) such as collaborating with others in health team, participating continuous education and conference. At the same time, personal activity increased such as suppressing urine, and the nurses’ perception of work stress also increased. Only related nursing activity positively associated with work stress, workload, and overtime. Conclusion: The study finds that basic direct nursing activities decreased while indirect and related nursing activities increased in this Sill-Mixed model. The results of this study can serve as a reference for nursing practice in the hospital in Taiwan.
Key words: Skill-Mixed Model, nursing activity, nurse assistance, nurse.
The Changes of Nurses’ Perception of Nursing
Activity in the Skill-Mixed Model
Ting-Ting Mei
ĆJwo-Leun Lee*ĆYia-Wun Liang**ĆLi-Chi Huang***
RN, MSN, Clinical Preceptor, College of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, *PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, National Taichung Nursing College, **PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, National Taichung Nursing College, ***RN, EdD, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, China Medical University, Adjunct Educational Supervisor, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
Received: June 25, 2009 Revised: October 22, 2009 Accepted: October 27, 2009
