Redescription of Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae

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(1)台灣農業研究 (J. Taiwan Agric. Res.) 65(1):1–7 (2016) DOI: 10.6156/JTAR/2016.06501.01. Research Article. Redescription of Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) Chi-Feng Lee1,*. Abstract Lee, C. F. 2016. Redescription of Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 65(1):1–7.. The taxonomic status of Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938 is evaluated by examining type specimens of all synonyms and specimens collected from various localities. Lectotypes are designated for Monolepta duvivieri Jacoby, 1904 and M. sexlineata Chûjô, 1938. Diagnostic characters of both sexes are illustrated. Key words: Leaf beetle, Taxonomy, Endophallic sclerite.. INTRODUCTION The genus Monolepta Chevrolat, 1837 is the most speciose galerucine genus, with about 600 described nominal species (Wagner 2007). Most species have been described from tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia, and few also from the southeastern Palaearctic region, and from the Neotropics (Wilcox 1973). This genus can be diagnosed by two characters: the closed front coxal cavity and the first tarsomere I of hind legs longer than others combined. Kimoto & Takizawa (1997) reported 28 species from Taiwan. One new species, M. tsoui, was described by Lee (2009). Two more new species, M. ongi Lee and Staines, 2010 and M. meihuai Lee, Tian, and Staines, 2010 were described in the following year. A few species are widespread and not restricted to Taiwan. Their taxonomic status has not been studied except for one species, M. signata (Olivier, 1808). Wagner & Bieneck (2012) studied types of its synonyms and confirmed a widespread distribution that ranges. from southern China, Taiwan, and India to New Guinea, and, rarely, northern Australia. The taxonomic history of M. sexlineata is complicated. Jacoby (1904) described M. duvivieri from India. However, it is a junior homonym of Candezea duvivieri Jacoby, 1897. Weise (1915) proposed a replacement name, M. lineata for M. duvivieri Jacoby, 1904, but it was still a junior homonym of a species described by Karsch (1882). Thus Wilcox (1973) proposed another replacement name, M. madrasensis for M. lineata Weise, 1915. Finally, Kimoto (1989) regarded M. madrasensis Wilcox, 1973 as a junior synonym of M. sexlineata Chûjô, 1938. Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938 has been recorded from type localities in India and Taiwan and from mainland China by Gressitt & Kimoto (1963), Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam by Kimoto (1989), Sri Lanka by Mohamedsaid (1997), and Nepal by Kimoto & Takizawa (1983). To evaluate the taxonomic status of this species, types of both synonyms. Received: May 22, 2015; Accepted: June 16, 2015. * Corresponding author, email: [email protected] 1 Associate Research Fellow, Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC..

(2) 2. 台灣農業研究第 65 卷第 1 期. were studied in addition to specimens collected from various countries.. MATERIALS AND METHODS To prepare drawings of the adult reproductive systems, the abdomens of adults were separated and boiled in a 10% KOH solution, cleared in distilled water, and then covered by a cover glass on slide glass with glycerin for observation. Specimens were examined and drawings were made using a Leica M165 stereomicroscope. Microscopic slides were examined and illustrated using a Nikon ECLIPSE 50i microscope. Body parts were then stored in glycerin tubes with the dry mounted specimens. Specimens available for study are deposited in the following collections: BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, UK; EUMJ: Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; KMNH: Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Japan; SDEI: Senckenberg Deutsches Enomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany; TARI: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan. Exact label data are cited for all type specimens; a double slash (//) divides the data on different labels and a single slash (/) divides the data in different rows. Other comments and remarks are indicated as follow: (p) preceding data are printed, (h) preceding data are handwritten, (w) white label, (b) blue label, (g) green label, and (r) red label.. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô Monolepta duvivieri Jacoby, 1904: 404 (India; nec Jacoby, 1897). Monolepta lineata Weise, 1915: 177 (replacement name for Monolepta duvivieri Jacoby, 1904; nec Karsch, 1882); Maulik, 1936: 398 (redescription); Hartmann & Medvedev, 2003: 169 (Nepal).. Monolepta madrasensis Wilcox, 1973: 562 (replacement name for Monolepta lineata Weise, 1915); Kimoto & Takizawa, 1983: 89 (Nepal); Kimoto, 1989: 150 (as synonym of Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938); Sprecher-Uebersax, 2000: 145 (Nepal). Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938: 150 (Taiwan); Chûjô, 1962: 127 (redescription); Gressitt and Kimoto, 1963: 632 (China: Hainan, Guandong); Kimoto, 1989: 150 (Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam); Yu et al., 1996: 172 (China: Guanxi); Mohamedsaid, 1997: 6 (Sri Lanka); Medvedev, 1999: 183 (Nepal); Kimoto, 2003: 34 (Sri Lanka); Hartmann & Medvedev, 2003: 169 (Nepal). Type Specimens Examined. Monolepta duvivieri: Lectotype ♀ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: “Nilgiri Hills [p, w] //Type [p, w; circle label with red border] // 912 [h, w; red letters] //Monolepta/Duvivieri/Jac. [h, b] // Jacoby Coll./1909 28a [p, w] //OriGa/Specimen ID: [p] /93 [h] /specimen data/documented [p] / 27.VIII2008 [h, w]”. Paralectotype: 1♀ (BMNH): “Nilgiri Hills [p, w] //Type [p, r] // 912 [h, w; red letters] //Monolepta/Duvivieri/ Jac. [h, b] //Andrewes/Bequest/B.M. 1922-221. [h, w]”. Monolepta sexlineata: Lectotype ♂ (left elytron lost; TARI), here designated, labeled: “Tainan/Formosa/H. Sauter [p] IV.19 [h, w] // CO/Type [p, yellow letters, circle label with yellow border] //Monolepta/sexlineata/CHÛJÔ [h] /DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] //1379 [p, w]”. Paralectoypes: 1♀ (SDEI): “Tainan/Formosa/ H. Sauter [p] IV.19 [h, w] //Syntypus [p, r] // Monolepta/sexlineata/CHÛJÔ [h] /DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] //DEI Müncheberg/Col – 05711 [p, g]”; 1♀ (TARI): “Anping/Formosa/H. Sauter V.1912 [p, w] //CO/Type [p, yellow letters, circle label with yellow border] //Monolepta/ sexlineata/CHÛJÔ [h] /DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] //1364 [p, w]”; 1♂ (SDEI): “Anping/Formosa/ H. Sauter V.1912 [p, w] // 7 IV. [p, w] // Syntypus [p, r] //Monolepta/sexlineata/CHÛJÔ [h].

(3) Redescription of Monolepta sexlineata. /DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] //DEI Müncheberg/ Col – 05710 [p, g]”. Additional Specimens Examined. INDIA: Assam: 1♀, Kaziranga, 75 m, 7-9. V.1976, leg. Wittmer (KMNH); LAOS: 1♂, Muong Sing, NW of Luang Prabang, 650 m, 6-10.VI.1960, leg. L. W. Quate (KMNH); 1♂, Sedone Prov., Paksong, 18.V.1965, leg. P. D. Ashlock (KMNH); SRI LANKA: 1♂, Polonnaruwa, 10.III.1976, leg. Ziegler (KMNH); Kandy Dist.: 1♀, Kalgomuwa, 29.I.1974, leg. A. Otake (EUMJ); Matale Dist.: 2♀♀, Sigiriya, 19.IV.1975, leg. A. Otake (EUMJ); 2♂♂, same but with “10.V.1975” (EUMJ); TAIWAN: Pingtung: 1♂, Kenting, 15.V.2010, leg. C.-S. Chiu & Y.-C. Lan (TARI); 1♂, same locality, 14.IX.2011, leg. Y.-C. Lan & Y.-H.. 3. Peng (TARI); 1♀, Lanren River, 16.VI.2010, leg. Y.-C. Lan & Y.-H. Peng (TARI); 1♀, Longluan Lake, 26.IV.2011, leg. S.-Y. Lee (TARI); 2♂♂, 1♀, same but with “30.VI.2011” (TARI); Tainan: 2♂♂, Chiku, 20.IV.2010, leg. T.-H. Lin (TARI); Taipei: 5♂♂, 1♀, Kuantu, 17-18. IV.2013, leg. S.-F. Yu (TARI); THAILAND: 1♀, Chiang Mai, 9.VI.1965, leg. K. Morimoto (KMNH); 1♂, Fang Spa, 21.XI.1968, leg. K. Hatta (EUMJ). Remarks. Monolepta sexlineata is characterized by its color pattern: the yellowish brown elytron with one longitudinal black stripe beginning behind the humerus and abbreviated apically, and the black suture and lateral margin (Fig. 1). Males. Length 2.8–3.5 mm, width 1.3–1.6. (A). (B). (C). (D). (E). (F). Fig. 1. Color habitus of Monolepta sexlineata. (A) Male, dorsal view; (B) Ditto, ventral view; (C) Ditto, lateral view; (D) Female, dorsal view; (E) Ditto, ventral view; and (F) Ditto, lateral view..

(4) 4. 台灣農業研究第 65 卷第 1 期. to width from antennomere II to XI about 1.7 : 2.0 : 3.3 : 3.1 : 3.2 : 3.3 : 3.3 : 3.3 : 3.1 : 3.7. Pronotum rectangular; 1.38–1.44 times wider than long; lateral margins arcuate; disc evenly convex and with dense coarse punctures. Elytra elongate, 1.54–1.55 times longer than wide; parallel-sided; disc with dense and coarser punctures than pronotum. Front and middle tarsomeres I apically and asymmetrically swollen (Fig. 2G). Penis (Figs. 2C and 2D) extremely elongate, about 6.8 times longer. 0.3 cm. 0.2 cm. mm. Color yellowish brown (Figs. 1A–1C); antenna black but three basal tarsomeres paler, elytron with one wide, longitudinal black stripe extending from behind humerus and abbreviated at apical 1/4; lateral margins darkened but apically and basally abbreviated, suture black. Head smooth and without punctures. Antenna (Fig. 2A) filiform, about 0.85 times as long as body, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 1.0 : 1.1 : 2.2 : 2.2 : 2.2 : 2.2 : 2.2 : 2.1 : 1.8 : 2.3; ratio of length. (D). (F). 0.2 cm. (C). (E). (B). (I). 0.1 cm. 0.2 cm. 0.3 cm. (A). (H). 0.2 cm. (G). (J). (K). Fig. 2. Diagnostic characters of Monolepta sexlineata. (A) Antenna, male; (B) Antenna, female; (C) Penis, dorsal view; (D) Penis, lateral view; (E) Endophallic spiculae, ventral view; (F) Endophallic spiculae, lateral view; (G) Tarsi of front leg, male; (H) Tarsi of front leg, female; (I) Ventrite VIII, female; (J) Gonocoxae; and (K) Spermatheca..

(5) Redescription of Monolepta sexlineata. than wide; parallel-sided, abruptly widened at basal 1/4, apex slightly concave; tectum elongate and with pointed apex; slightly curved at basal 1/4 in lateral view; internal sac with two pairs of median endophallic spiculae (Figs. 2E and 2F), one with apex recurved, the other with apex pointed and disc with several teeth; one pair of lateral endophallic spiculae deeply bifurcate, outer one with apex recurved; dense ventral endophallic spiculae surrounding base. Females. Length 3.2–3.6 mm, width 1.6– 1.7 mm. Similar to male (Figs. 1D–1F); antenna relatively shorter than male (Fig. 2B), about 0.71 times as long as body, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 1.0 : 1.1 : 2.0 : 2.0 : 1.8 : 1.8 : 1.8 : 1.8 : 1.7 : 2.2; ratio of length to width from antennomere II to XI about 1.8 : 2.0 : 3.8 : 3.7 : 3.4 : 3.4 : 3.4 : 3.4 : 3.2 : 3.9. Front and middle tarsomeres I normal and not swollen (Fig. 2H). Gonocoxae (Fig. 2J) slender, tightly combined from apical 1/3 to near base, base well separated, tightly connect with each other from apical 1/3 to apex; each gonocoxa with nine setae from apical 1/6 to apex, apex rounded. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 2I) weakly sclerotized; apical margin widely rounded, with dense short setae at apex, and several long at sides, spiculum extremely elongate. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 2K) swollen; pump extremely slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct short and narrow. Biological Notes. This species inhabits lowlands below 200 m elevation. Some individuals were collected using light traps. Some were observed feeding on flowers of Youngia japonica (Compositae) under laboratory conditions. Distribution. Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Michael Geiser (BMNH), Minoshim a Yu s u k e ( K M N H ) , H i r o y u k i Yo s h i t o m i (EUMJ), and Stephan Blank (SDEI) for loans of valuable specimens. I also thank members. 5. of Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team for assisting in collecting materials, including SuFang Yu and Mei-Hua Tsou. I specially thank Ta-Hsiang Lee for taking photographs of specimens. I thank Chris Carlton for reading the draft and editing for English style.. REFERENCES Chûjô, M. 1938. H. Sauter’s formosa-collection: Subfamily Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Arb. Morphol. Taxon. Entomol. 5:135–152. Chûjô, M. 1962. A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa Part XI. Subfamily Galerucinae. Philipp. J. Sci. 91:1–239. Gressitt, J. L. and S. Kimoto. 1963. The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea Part 2. Pac. Inst. Monogr. 1B:301–1026. Hartmann, M. and L. N. Medvedev. 2003. To the knowledge of Nepalese Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). Veröff. Naturkundemus. Erfurt 22:153–183. Jacoby, M. 1897. Further contributions to the knowledge of the phytophagous Coleoptera of Africa, including Madagascar. Part I. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1897:238–265. Jacoby, M. 1904. Another contribution to the knowledge of Indian phytophagous Coleoptera. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 48:380–406. Karsch, F. 1882. Verzeichniss der von Dr. Falkenstein in Westafrika (Chinchoxo) gesammelten Chrysomeliden, Endomychiden, Coccinelliden, und Anthrotribiden. Berlin. Entomol. Zts. 26:395–403. Kimoto, S. 1989. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. IV. Galerucinae. Esakia 27:1–241. Kimoto, S. 2003. The Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Akio Otake, on the occasion of his entomological survey in Sri Lanka from 1973–1975. Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Human Hist. Ser. A 1:23–43. Kimoto, S. and H. Takizawa. 1983. Chrysomelidae beetles of Nepal, collected by the Himalaya Expedition 1979 of the National Science Museum Tokyo (Part 1). Bull. Nat. Mus. Sci. A (Zoology). 9:83–96. Kimoto, S. and H. Takizawa. 1997. Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan. Tokai University Press. Tokyo. 581 pp. Lee, C. F. 2009. A taxonomic revision of Monolepta pallidula species group in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2170:15–27..

(6) 6. 台灣農業研究第 65 卷第 1 期. Lee, C. F. and C. L. Staines. 2010. Monolepta ongi, a new species from Lanyu Island, with redescription of its allied species Monolepta longitarsoides Chûjô. 1938 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galeruciane). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 112:530–540. Lee, C. F., P. L. Tian, and C. L. Staines. 2010. Monolepta meihuai, a new species from Taiwan, with redescription of its sibling species Monolepta mandibularis Chûjô, 1962 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Coleopt. Bull. 64:303–311. Maulik, S. 1936. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae (Galerucinae). Taylor & Francis. London. 648 pp. Medvedev, L. N. 1999. To the knowledge of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from Nepal and adjacent regions. Veröff. Naturkundemus. Erfurt 18:181–187. Mohamedsaid, M. S. 1997. The galerucine beetles of Sri Lanka, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Stobaena 9:1–7. Sprecher-Uebersax, E. 2000. Blattkäfer aus Nepal in den Sammlungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt 2. Teil (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Veröff. Naturkundemus. Erfurt. 19:139–151. Wagner, T. 2007. Monolepta Chevrolat, 1837, the most. speciose galerucine taxon: redescription of the type species Monolepta bioculata (Fabricius, 1781) and key to related genera from (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). J. Nat. Hist. 41:81–100. Wagner, T. and S. Bieneck. 2012. Galerucine type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Entomol. Zts. 122:205–216. Weise, J. 1915. Lieferung 7. Chrysomelidae und Coccinellidae. p.155–184. in: Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1910–1911 unter Führung Adolf Friendrichs, Herzogs zu Necklenburg. Band I. Zoologie, Teil I. (Schubotz, H., ed.) Klinkhardt & Biermann. Leipzig, Germany. 597 pp. (in German) Wilcox, J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae (Luperini: Luperina). p.433–664. in: Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa. Pars 78, Part 3. 2nd ed. (Wilcox, J. A., ed.) W. Junk. Gravenhage, The Netherlands. 232 pp. Yu, P. Y., S. Y. Wang, and X. K. Yang. 1996. Economic Insect Fauna of China Fasc. 54. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (II). Science Press. Beijing, China. 324 pp. (in Chinese).

(7) Redescription of Monolepta sexlineata. 7. 六線長腳螢金花的分類回顧 (鞘翅目：金花蟲科：螢金花蟲亞科) 李奇峰 1,* 摘要李奇峰。2016。六線長腳螢金花的分類回顧 (鞘翅目：金花蟲科：螢金花蟲亞科)。台灣農業研究 65(1):1–7。本文針對六線長腳螢金花蟲 (Monolepta sexlineata Chûjô, 1938) 的分類地位做評估，檢查所有同物異名的模式標本及世界各地所採集的非模標本，針對 Monolepta duvivieri Jacoby, 1904 及 M. sexlineata Chûjô, 1938 指定其選模標本，並對不同性別的診斷特徵以線圖描繪。關鍵詞：金花蟲、分類學、內囊骨片。. * 1. 投稿日期：2015 年 5 月 22 日；接受日期：2015 年 6 月 16 日。通訊作者：[email protected] 農委會農業試驗所應用動物組副研究員。台灣台中市。.

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