科技社會中的公民德行與教育

ѿѕఀىᏰѐ! ಑έΪΞ෈! 3122ԑ9Т! ॲ64.85! !

ऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕኈ՗ᇄఀى!

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྆ࢸݘ!

୽ҳᄲࠒ୽ሬσᏰ፞แఀᏰᇄऋ׬ंـܚ zsyang@ncnu.edu.tw ! !

ᄢ! ौ!

! ! ! ࿋фޥོϐင࢐এଽ࡙ี৤ޟऋ׬ޥོȂԃդஉᎴΡঈӵऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕኈ ՗ȂоᑖྃӴᆰ៖ᇄቨ໌ӒΡ᜸ޥོޟӓӣցઉȂ࢐ऋ׬ޥོี৤ޟ१ौដᚠȂζԙ ࣏ϴҕఀىޟ१ौ፞ᚠȄҏМ։კၐо౩፣ϷݙПԒȂលភऋ׬ޥོϛϴҕኈ՗Ѕڏ ఀىϱొȄॶӑ൷ऋ׬ᇄϴҕኈ՗Ϟᜰ߽ୈΙᐣѬܒޟӱ៫྅क़Ȃڏԩ൷౪фऋ׬ޥ ོϞ੫፴հΙϷݙȂശࡣඪюӵ७ᄇऋ׬ޥོپᖝܚџ૖ЕีϞᆍᆍ୰ᚠȂϴҕۣԤ Ϟኈ՗ЅڏఀىϞ౩܈Ȃհ࣏࡚ដ୤ՃȄ! ! ᜰᗤຠȈऋ׬ޥོȃϴҕኈ՗ȃϴҕఀى! !

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Citizen Virtues and Education in a

Technological Society

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Chou-Sung Yang

Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Curriculum Instruction and Technology, National Chi Nan University

zsyang@ncnu.edu.tw !

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Abstract

! ! Through theoretical approach, this paper aims at analyzing the citizen virtues in a technological society and its implications for citizenship education. Firstly, from historical perspectives this paper lays bare the relationship between technological society and citizenship. Then, it describes the characteristics and critiques of modern techn ological society. Next, it mentions probable issues and problems that modern citizenship education faces in a technological society. Finally, it presents some implications for citizenship education in a technological society.

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Keywords: technological society, citizen virtues, citizenship education

ΡᇄᐠᏢശσޟϚӣȂ൷ӵܻΡЖޟΨ໔Ȅ! ..!Kpio!Dpoops!)311:*/!UfsnjobupsȋTbmwbujpo/!

൦ȃࠉِ!

! ! ऋ׬ᇄΡ᜸Ռ٘ᐣѬӣڏѠՂȂ௃Ճᄆऋ׬Ѭޟี৤һџᑛΡ᜸ี৤Ϟ७ᇼȄՄ ᓍ๿ऋ׬Ϛᘞ۽ժޟኄ࡙ȃ౏࡙ᇄ஼࡙Ȃ౪фޟऋ׬ඁнϐငӒ७ܒޟᅤആՍᇄΡ᜸ ҡԆޟ፝ኺᄘȂٽԃȈΡሬޟҺ܁ȃ՗࣏ޟ዁ԒȃҬ኿ޟᒵᐅȃޥོޟ๖ᄺȃࢇݽޟ לԒȃҡᄘޟڼၼ้้Ȃඁн഍ၭऋ׬ಳϚΟᜰ߽ȄџоᇳȂ౪фऋ׬ӵϬРϐငԙ ࣏ΙএฒܚϚӵޟΨ໔Ȃζ࢐౪фМϽுо࡚ҳޟஅᙃȄՄӵࣺ࿋แ࡙ΰȂΡ᜸МϽ ޟҐپฒᅸӴȂऋ׬ζ஠ོ׸ᅋΙএߨல१ौޟؚۡܒُՓȄ! ! ! ऋ׬ΙП७࣏Ρ᜸ளپΟהఖȂԤڏғөޟΨ໔Ȃ஠Ρ᜸௃೨ӻޟ३ڙϛ၌ܹю پȄKbdrvft!Fmmvm൷ᇯ࣏Ȉ! ೸ၸࣽמǴΓॺவமуܭځ΢ޑਔޜज़ڋύှܫрٰǹவବᎧǵሉපǵ ᝄൣǵۑ࿯ࡓ୏ᆶࡉསϐڹှܫрٰǹ೯ၸᆶӹۖޑҬ۳ǴΓᜪவࢌ ٤ޗ཮״ᑛύှܫрٰǴ೯ၸჹૻ৲ޑಕᑈǴவඵΚޑ߳ज़ύှܫр ٰ)Fmmvm-!2:94-!q/!:2*Ƕ! ! ! ณՄȂऋ׬ࠓζளپ؁ӻޟ३ڙᇄॳᓎȂиџ૖Шо܁؁ёᝒሗᇄᔆ׻ȄоᄇΡ ޟᔆ׻ՄِȂҥܻऋ׬࢐౩ܒᇄਝ౥ᄂ፺ޟᐌᡝȂӣਢζ࢐પוȃ዁Ԓᇄᐠడޟ໱ӫ ᡝȂ೻൷ོߒ౪юΙᆍौؑ҆ณޟપוᇄጂۡޟᐣแȄӰԪޥོϛޟऋ׬ี৤ቨёޟ ູӻȂΡޟՌкܒᇄкଢ଼ܒζ൷؁ёڧ३ȂӰ࣏ȶ҆ณȃྥጂᇄਝ౥ޟऋ׬ᡒᒮฒݲ ϰ೨Ռҥȃ዁ጙȃϚڷᒙ้ޟᅤΣȷ)Fmmvm-!2:94-!q/:2*ȄՄष൷ॳᓎᇄ३ڙՄِȂ ऋ׬ี৤ູቨߝȂڏܚளپޟॳᓎζ൷ູଽȄٽԃȈσೣ዁ྒྞܒݡᏢלԙޟॖٱݡ Ψৼ܎ҁᒋȃਯ૖ऋ׬ளپޟਯኀਟ೎ညޟ୰ᚠ2 ȃፒᇧऋ׬Ᏺमޟၾኈগ౩ޟތដ3 ȃ

1 2009 ⸜ 3 㚰 18 㖍䴻㾇悐℔⏲⎘㜙䷋忼ṩ悱冯㼶㷾䷋㛃⬱悱ℑ嗽炻ἄ䁢Ỷ㓦⮬⿏⺊㡬䈑㚨䳪嗽伖⟜䘬⺢嬘῁ 怠⟜⛨炻忁ṃ⛘溆ᶵ㗗暊Ⲟ⯙㗗ῷ怈⛘⋨炻≈ᶲᷳ⇵䘬嗕ⵤ㟠⺊㕁⃚⬀⟜炻℞ᷕ晙⏓Ḯ⮵悱㛹冯⍇ỷ㮹㕷䘬 㬏夾シ嬀ˤ侴㓧⹄䁢枮⇑嗽䎮㟠⺊㕁炻ḇ䶐↿Ḯ⣏䫮䘬ˬ⚆棳慹˭炻ẍ⋼≑䘤⯽䣦⋨䁢⎵炻㓞䶐娚⛘⋨䘬⍵⮵ シ夳ˤ 2 1999 ⸜⽟⚳⿅゛⭞ Peter Sloterdijk 䘤堐Ḯᶨ䭯˪Ṣ栆楜梲⟜墉䘬夷⇯˫㺼嫃炻Ṿᷣ⻝䧵㤝⛘⮑夾➢⚈ⶍ䦳⛐ Ṣ幓ᶲ䘬忳䓐炻䓐㸾䡢䘬➢⚈䈡⿏ẍẋ㚧䃉夷⇯䘬Ṣ栆䷩㬾炻娎⚾⽆庫⣏䘬㝞㥳ᷕ⍣䡢⭂➢⚈ⶍ䦳⛐Ṣ栆䷩ 埵ᷕ忳䓐䘬ΐ䎮⬠ὅ㒂ˤSloterijk ᷣ⻝ㅱ娚㍸Έ⒚⬠⭞冯➢⚈䥹⬠⭞䘬⎰ἄ炻⇞妪ᶨᾳ䎦ẋ Plato ⺷䘬ˬṢ栆

ଉ਀ऋ׬џ૖അԙឌᄆࡔ୽ޟᅸኌ้Ȃζ഍џ૖ளپଽ࡙ޟॳᓎȂи೻ᆍॳᓎӵӒ౨ Ͻޟ៮ΨϞή஠џ૖Ᏺमࣺ࿋ኄݿՄ౏ሉޟኇ៪ȂՄպ݈೻ٲॳᓎѫܐ࢐ູپູ֨ ᜲȄFmmvm։ِȂȶΡঈ಑Ιԩ७ᄇӴ౨ΰӒഋҡڼ഍ོྞ๘ޟџ૖ܒȂӰ࣏Ρঈϐင ᏿ԤΟᄂ౪ѺޟПݲȷ)Fmmvm-!2:94-!q/:2*Ȅ! ! ! ྥԪȂԃդ೎౩Рઉቨߝޟऋ׬৚ڙȂϐင࢐೻এਢфᆧफ़ޟ୰ᚠȄ౪фΡభؑ ҡԆȂ҆໸ᄇԪ୰ᚠ໌՗ӱᔖȄȶՄఀى؁ሯᜰЖԪΙ୰ᚠȂӰ࣏Ρঈᕕுդᆍᜰܻ ऋ׬ޟ౩၌ᇄᄘ࡙ȂᄇΡܒޟ৤ఖՍ࣏ᜰᗤȄȷ)Cpoofu-!2::9-!q/479*Ȅ඲ѯၗᇳȂ Ԥᜰऋ׬ޟ୰ᚠȂᗙ࢐҆໸ӱڗΡޟҏ٘Ϟΰپ໌՗ࡦՃȄՙੲб঱Ᏸড়Kptf!Psufhb! z!Hbttfu൷ᇯ࣏Ȃऋ׬࢐ΡܒޟΙএҏ፴ौશȂΡ೽ႆऋ׬೻Ι՗ଢ଼فಛȂΨყᄂ౪ Ρҏ٘೻ኺΙᆍ຺ՌณޟೣგȂӰϞऋ׬࢐࣏ΟΡޟ࢚ᆍ౩དՄ໌՗ޟΙᆍސ፴ࣀଢ଼ )Hbttfu-!2:94-!q/3:3*ȄHbttfu࢐དौ஠ސ፴ี݂ᇄҡ౰࡚ҳܻΙᆍᆠડี݂ޟஅ ᙃϞΰȂᇯ࣏ڏਲ਼ྛ൷ӵܻΡޟ࢚ᆍ౩དޟՌרഺഅܖཎ᜹ȂՄᙤҥऋ׬ޟΨ໔پᄂ ౪Ȅ! ! ! ७ᄇ๿ऋ׬ี৤ܚբᓍՄپޟϚጂۡॳᓎȂগ౩ӰશޟՃ໔ၿӵऋ׬ޟ೩ॎᇄี ৤ϛ҆໸ौ׸ᅋ१ौޟُՓȄѓࢂȈџ௥ڧޟॳᓎแ࡙ԃդؚۡȉҢդ኿ྥؚۡȉҥ ።پጂۡ೻ٲ኿ྥȉ೻഍࢐ऋ׬ᄂ፺ϛ҆໸ࡦՃޟ୰ᚠȂζਖ਼ЅΟऋ׬ޥོϛΙ՝ي ԁϴҕᔖ၎ڎര࢚ٲኈ՗Մ૖ёоӰᔖȄྥԪȂΙএऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕԃդЅᔖ၎୤ ᇄڗԤᜰऋ׬ޟؚ๊ϞϛȂ༖҆஠ԙ࣏Ґپϴҕܚᔖڎരޟ૖Ψᇄ੫፴ȄՄԃդஉᎴ Ρঈӵऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕኈ՗ȂоᑖྃӴᆰ៖ᇄቨ໌ӒΡ᜸ޥོޟӓӣցઉȂ࢐ऋ׬ ޥོี৤ޟ१ौដᚠȂζԙ࣏ϴҕఀىޟ१ौ፞ᚠȄ! ! ! அܻΰक़ȂҏМკၐо౩፣ϷݙПԒȂ௴ҢՙПޥོޟऋ׬ंـᢎᘈȂលភऋ׬ ޥོϛϴҕኈ՗ЅڏఀىϱొȄॶӑ൷ऋ׬ᇄϴҕኈ՗Ϟᜰ߽ୈΙᐣѬܒޟӱ៫྅ क़Ȃڏԩ൷౪фऋ׬ޥོϞ੫፴հΙϷݙȂശࡣඪюӵ७ᄇऋ׬ޥོپᖝܚџ૖Еี Ϟᆍᆍ୰ᚠȂϴҕۣԤϞኈ՗ЅڏఀىϞ౩܈ᇄհݲȂհ࣏࡚ដ୤ՃȄ! !

楜梲⟜䘬夷⇯˭ˤṾ娵䁢炻怢⁛➢⚈ⶍ䦳䘬彭忇䘤⯽㗗䔞ẋ䘬䘬䈡⽝炻℞㇨ⷞἮ䘬⼙枧⊊暋性⃵ˤṾ⚈㬌ᷣ⻝ ㅱ娚䧵㤝⛘忳䓐➢⚈ⶍ䦳炻⇞妪ᶨ䧖Ṣ栆ⶍ䦳⬠䘬ℙ嬀冯㱽夷ˤSloterijk 㬌㔯ᶨ↢炻⛐⽟⚳⬠䓴⺽崟姙⣂䇕 婾炻姙⣂ΐ䎮⬠⭞ˣ➢⚈ⶍ䦳⬠侭ˣ㔁做⬠侭䫱悥⍫冯Ḯ忁⟜婾㇘炻⊭㊔䔞ẋ㚨慵天䘬㱽嗕⃳䤷⬠㳦⍲℞柀 ⮶Ṣ Jürgen Habermasˤ娛䳘婾彗忶䦳⎗⍫夳烉劫㌟⸛(2003)ˤṢ栆怢⁛➢⚈ⶍ䦳—Ṣ㔯ᷣ佑␴Ṣ㔯㔁做䘬䳪 䳸烎庱㕤⽟⚳㔁做⿅゛㤪婾 (165-191 枩)ˤᶲ㴟烉ᶲ㴟嬗㔯↢䇰䣦ˤ

ຯȃऋ׬ᇄϴҕኈ՗!

! ! ऋ׬ᇄϴҕኈ՗ޟᜰ߽Ȃ௃ऋ׬ଔྛޟהᛸડၗ࢈ٱϛȂ։џߑَᆒকȈ! Ϻઓۖථ)[fvt*ബғ࿤ނࡕǴࢴᇾදᛥԯঅථ)QspnfuifvtǴԖȨӃޕȩ ϐ ཀ * ϩ ଛ Ӛ ᅿ ω ૈ ๏ ࿤ ނ Ƕ ද ᛥ ԯ অ ථ ޑ ׌ ׌ Ҳ ׈ ԯ অ ථ )FqjnfuifvtǴԖȨࡕޕȩϐཀ*Ծ֋Ꮯ߿ᔅঢঢжമǶ୤Ҳ׈ԯঅථ όཎࡕޕࡕ᝺ޣϐӜǴՉ٣డคीฝǴӃډޣӃ๏ǴܭࢂྰηԖΑ߿ ਻ǵചٽԖΑԳЛǵԴ߁ԖΑПη…࿤ނӚᕇ፾ځ܄ϐωૈǶՠΓᜪ ۇۇٰᒨǴനࡕډਔςคωૈёϩଛǴΓᜪၱኪ៛ܭ࿤ނϐύԶԖ೏ ྐᅿϐဤǶදᛥԯঅථԖགρϐೢҺǴၱԿ໡ڂি)Buifob*Ϸᇲ๷ථ ੝)IfqibftuvtǴࣽמϐઓ*ೀୂளОᅿϷᇙբᏔڀϐࣽמ௲ϒΓᜪǴ ڐշځғӸǶΓᜪԖΑОϷࣽמࡕǴளа໒৖рΓᜪЎܴǶ୤ΓᜪԖ ΑࣽמϐࡕǴҗܭલЮ҅ကᆶಚ৭ЈǴၱᔲҔࣽמא٬Ծฅ࿤ނǴࣗ ЪӣᏘΓᜪҁيǴ೷ԋଯࡋόዴۓޑ྄ྐ॥ᓀǴΓᜪ΋ኬᎁڙྐᅿϐ ဤǶۖථၱࢴ٬ઓ಻ԯථ)Ifsnft*ଌ๏܌ԖΓᜪٿ໨ᘶނǺ৭གᆶ҅ က)ЇԾླྀు֞Ǵ2::8Ǵ।223*Ƕ! ! ! ҥΰϞડၗζᡗҰюΟऋ׬ᇄΡ᜸ኈ՗Ϟ໢ޟᜰ೿4 Ȅऋ׬ΙП७࣏Ρ᜸ளپה ఖȂࣥи໌৤ՍϬȂΡ᜸ԤהఖഺഅҡڼȂڥфഅސкϞӴ՝ȄณՄȂѪΙП७Ȃऋ ׬Ϛᘞี৤Ϟ๖ݎȂһ࣏Ρ᜸жࣨளپଽ࡙ޟϚጂۡܒॳᓎȄڏᄂȂऋ׬Ϟڍ७ܒȂ ௃ࠉक़הᛸડၗϞऋ׬Ϟડሀ຅඼੫Ϟഅ࠮։џࣼюȄሀ຅඼੫࣏Јડۤ඼ᇄЈӭה ܜ)Ifsb*ϞυȂ஌Јࣨശछτડߡ߁ᡎ৑အ)Bqispejuf*࣏ێȂԪᡗҰюऋ׬Ԥڏડ ܒਲ਼ྛᇄछޟ੫፴Ȅծሀ຅඼੫ҏ٘ࠓ࢐ໂٗՄϚيܻ՗ȂڏێάܣြЕፆȃϚԊܻ ࡉȂࣥՍЕଔ੫ࣄӀᏽތȂഅԙྒྞȄ೻ζᡗҰюऋ׬ҏ٘ԤڏીഞȂиৠܾྖю௡

3 㬌䤆娙Ṏ栗䣢↢Ḯ冯㔁做䚠斄ᷳシ佑ˤ椾⃰炻Ṣ栆䓙㕤℞㛔傥ᷳᶵ嵛䘬仢星炻忪暨天䥹㈨䘤㖶ᷳˬẋ℟˭ (prothese)ἄ䁢℞⿅゛冯幓橼ᷳ⺞Ỡ炻ẍ⋼≑℞䓇⬀᷎攳⯽㔯㖶炻䥹㈨䁢Ṣ栆䓇⬀冯㔯㖶ⷞἮⶴ㛃烊℞㫉炻䥹 ㈨㚱℞桐晒炻㮓䃉䭨⇞ˣ仢᷷」デ冯㬋佑ᷳ䥹㈨䘤⯽㇉⣑⼡䈑Ṏ㚫ⷞἮ䃉⎗㋥㓹ᷳ㭨㹭烊䫔ᶱˣ䥹㈨ᶵ㗗冒 䃞䘬炻㗗㛔傥䘬㚧ẋ⑩炻⚈䁢ᶵ㗗㛔傥炻㇨ẍᶵ㗗塓㰢⭂䘬炻侴⎗ẍᶵ㕟⛘䘤㖶ˣ⮎䎦冯∝忈烊䫔⚃炻䥹㈨ ᷎朆Ṣ栆㛔℟ᷳ㛔傥炻侴㚱岜㕤⬠佺䌚⼿炻㔁做㳣≽㚱℞⽭天⿏ˤ䫔ᶱ冯䫔⚃溆⇯溆↢Ḯ㔁做㳣≽冯䥹㈨ᷳ 斄Ὢˤ䓙㕤䥹㈨ᶵ㗗㛔傥炻㓭暨天⬠佺烊⍰⚈䥹㈨㛒Ἦ㛒塓㰢⭂炻℟㚱䃉旸⎗傥⿏炻侴㚱⼭德忶㔁做㳣≽侴 ≈ẍ攳⯽ˤ㔜橼侴妨炻䥹㈨⮵Ṣ栆㇨⎗傥䓊䓇䘬媠䧖䳸㝄Ṏ䁢㔁做㳣≽ᷕ⽭枰≈ẍ㶙⿅䅇ㄖᷳ慵天嬘柴ˤ

ڙϞѴՄלԙॳᓎ)྆౏֬Ȃ2::8Ȃॲ224*Ȅ඲ѯၗᇳȂయฒ࿽ڙϞऋ׬ี৤འЈמ ސһོளپฒџਗ௿ϞྒྞȂՄ೻ԤᒦΡ᜸৻ཐᇄғဎϞኈ՗ޟีථПுоᗗջȄ! ! ! ऋ׬ᇄϴҕኈ՗ޟᜰ߽һԞ࣏Ѡהᛸਢф঱ΡঈܚࡦЅȄԞ෈ၾኈᇄࢇݽ঱Ᏸ഍ ஠ऋ׬ຜ࣏࢐॒७ޟȂTpdsbuftȃQmbupᇄBsjtupumf഍मΨܻ௤ଆ๡ȃғဎȃޣᜋȃ ޥོȃϴҕ้ȂࠓᄇԤᜰऋ׬ޟሴ୿ܲࡻྃσޟᛄᅸᇄקЖȄ௃QmbupޟᢎᘈࣼپȂ ׬᛺)ufdioè*܁܁഍࢐Ԥ৛ኈ՗ȂӰ࣏ڏᜰݧޟ࢐ސ፴ޟ౪ຫࣨȂٮϚցܻଡؑശଽ ޟ౩܈๡Ȅӵȶරኈᛳ඼ȷጕϛтζࡾ೰ΟМԅ଄ၷϞ଄ᏹོࡄ૏ޣᜋӱᏹޟ଄ᏹȂ ଄ၷܒޟ଄ᏹོԤࣞԴΟӱᏹܒ଄ᏹϞӠᓎȂоम஠ڏྒྞȄ඲ѯၗᇳȂᙤօΟਪቸ ޟऋ׬ȂΡ᜸଄ᏹ஠ڧڗࡄ૏ȄQmbupᇯ࣏ȂࢇݽޟҬޟӵ࡚ᄺΙএᛧۡՄԤೣࡡޟ ޥོપוٮ٩Хڏ౰ҡ౅༄ᇄ૾ଝȂӰԪӵтޟདݲϛȂ౩܈)fjept*ೝԊညܻ౩܈ ࣨȂ࢐౩ܒޟΡ᜸ौўଡ൶ޟҬޟȂώӞޟᇧհސࠌ࢐ӵ౪ຫࣨȂڏ࢐౩܈ࣨন࠮ޟ ϚׇӒፒᇧސՄϐȂٮϚڎԤўଡ൶ޟቋ঄Ȅ! ! ! Bsjtupumfࠌ஠Ρ᜸ҡڼࣀଢ଼Ϸ࣏ȶ౩፣ޟȷ)uifpjb*ȃȶᄂ፺ޟȷ)qsbyjt*ᇄȶᇧ അޟȷ)qpjtfjt*ȂΡ᜸ٷڏ௃ٱҡڼࣀଢ଼ϞϚӣȂܚᕕमϞȶ๡ȷ)hppe*ζԤଽճ ϞտȄΡ᜸ശଽ౩ܒ࣏ȶ౩፣౩ܒȷȂଡؑ౩፣ؕࡦϞΡҡޟ๡ȇڏԩȂ࢐ࢇݽᄂ፺ Ϟ๡Ȃڏ࢐ԤᜰܻΡঈၾኈܖࢇݽޟࣀଢ଼ȇശήቹࠌ࢐ऋ׬ᇧഅޟΡҡϞ๡ȄՄࡸྱ BsjtupumfޟᢎᘈȂऋ׬ᇧഅᗶณڎԤᄂ፺౩ܒȂծڏҬޟ࢐Ѵӵޟ౰ࠢȂڟູٮߨ ϱӵܻএΡȂӰԪቹ઻ճܻᄂ፺ᇄ౩፣)Lojhiu-!3118*ȄஅҏΰȂᄇтՄِȂऋ׬։ ࢐Ιᆍȶᇧഅȷࣀଢ଼Ȃࢇݽٱ୛ࠌ࢐ȶᄂ፺ȷޟࣀଢ଼ȄΡঈོўȶᇧഅȷ಻ହȃᓏ჋ȃ ܘࡐȂࠓ࢐ўȶᄂ፺ȷࢇݽܖ঱ᏰȄᇧഅޟҬ኿࢐ΙএϚӣܻᇧഅࣀଢ଼ޟᄇຫȂ՗ଢ଼ ޟҬ኿ࠓ࢐༫ᅖޟ՗ଢ଼ҏ٘ȂՄ૖෉өശଽ๡ޟᄂ౪!)Njudibn-!2:91*ȄBsjtupumf ᇯ࣏ȂȶΡ࢐ࢇݽޟଢ଼ސȷȂΡҏ፴ΰ൷ᎌӫҡࣀܻ࠲٤ϞϛȄՄ࠲٤ޟҡࣀ࢐ҥՌҥ Ρޟᆹ໱ȄؐএΡ഍࢐ՌҥޟȂ೻൷ཎڨ๿ؠԤΡџоўࡾථտΡޟ՗ଢ଼ȄؐএΡ഍ ҁ้ޟȂӵݲࡡӴ՝ȃϴӓٱ୛ȃЅᄇࢇݽٱސีߒِ፣ޟ᠌Ψ഍࢐ҁ้ޟȄࢇݽҡ ࣀܚᜰЖޟٱސᄇܚԤϴҕՄِ഍࢐ΙኺޟȄӵϴӓሴ୿ϛȂؐএΡ഍ཎყौў຺ູ এΡܖড়৳ցઉՄўଡؑᐌᡝޥတޟ๡Ȅؐএϴҕ഍ϚӣܻڏтϴҕȂծ࢐ࢁ௿ޥတ ࢐ܚԤϴҕޟӓӣώհȄϴҕ٘Ӌ஼፡ᄇܻϴӓҡࣀޟᑖྃ୤ᇄȂٮᅖٗؐএΡޟശ ଽዖ૖Ȅо೻ኺޟПԒۡဎࢇݽȂBsjtupumf᝷៉ў௤ଆϴҕޟُՓᇄኈ՗Ȃтᇯ࣏ ౩དޟ࠲٤ϴҕ҆໸ѓࢂಛݽޱᇄೝಛݽޱڍᆍ٘ӋȈ!

ٿޣޑڑຫ٠ό࣬ӕǴՠࢂӳޑϦ҇ᔈ၀ԖૈΚٿޣ೿ࢂǴдѸ໪ޕ ၰӵՖႽঁԾҗΓѐݯ౛ǴаϷӵՖႽঁԾҗΓ૓ޑѐᒥӺݯ౛—೭ ٤೿ࢂϦ҇ޑڑຫϐೀ)Bsjtupumf-!2:95*Ƕ! ! ! Bsjtupumfٮᖂ๖ᇳȂΙএԁޟڙ࡙ौ૖ஊᡱϴҕᎈࢺ୤ᇄϴӓٱ୛Մ૖ӵᄂ፺ ࣀଢ଼ϛଡؑڟູᇄኈ՗ȄᄇтՄِȂѷᗵᇄώӞᄇܻ࠲٤࢐҆໸ޟȂծтঈٮϚ࢐ϴ ҕȂΙএԁޟ࠲٤Ϛ૖஠ϴҕၥਿᘗ৤ڗѷᗵᇄώӞȂӰ࣏тঈޟᇧഅҡࣀٮϚ૖ў ଡؑᄂ፺ޟڟູȄBsjtupumf໌Ι؏к஻Ȃϴҕ҆໸ᗗջᏰಬऋ׬ȂӰ࣏٥ོ६ճЫ ྥȂиོੑଶΟкΡᇄѷᗵޟୢႤ)Bsjtupumf-!2:95*Ȅ඲ѯၗᇳȂтᇯ࣏ऋ׬ޟٱ ୛࢐ᇄѷᗵЅڠ፮ޟ഼ώԤᜰȂಛݽ໦઻ޟΡঈौўᗗջȄBsjtupumfᄇܻऋ׬ᇄϴ ҕኈ՗ޟདݲஅҏΰϫณ࢐۽៉ΟQmbupоپޟࣼݲȄ! ! ! ϛжकஅ࿜ఀᄇܻऋ׬ٷณ௴ڥΟϚ߬ӈޟᄘ࡙ȄᄇϛжकޟΡঈՄِȂϱӵܒ ᡹ޟᙽᡐሉഽܻѴӵޟж߹ϞސȂӰԪᇧഅސࠢޟӴ՝ϫณճܻᄂ፺՗ଢ଼Ȅ! ! ! ծ࢐ڗΟGsbodjt!Cbdpo)2675.2737*ਢȂࠉक़ຶ׻ऋ׬ޟᄘ࡙ԤΟᙽᡐȄCbdpo к஻оᘪઽݲ)joevdujpo*հཱི࣏ंـώڎоڥфBsjtupumfᅋᛰݲޟᙟंـώڎȄ Cbdpoᇯ࣏ȂᙤҥཱིޟώڎџоੑଶᡱΡഞܻᙲᇲᇯᜋޟѲᆍୋ჋)jepmt*Ȉᆍఊȃࢾ ҲȃѿൟЅቑൟȂՄ૖ᕕுઍғޟޣᜋȄആႆᘪઽݲޟंـȂоᄂᡛᇄᢎᄆ؅ਟ࣏அ ᙃȂငҥϷݙȃШၶȃᒵᐅȃܢҌ้ȂџоଡؑՌณٱސޟনӰᇄೣࡡȂ໌Մџо܂ ݈Ռณٮᘗ৤Ρ᜸ޟ᠌Ψ—ޣᜋ൷࢐Ψ໔Ȅ඲ѯၗᇳȂᙤҥऋᏰޣᜋޟΨ໔ȂΡঈϚ Ӕ࢐հ࣏ೝଢ଼ޟᢎᄆޱپࣼ࡟ՌณȂՄ࢐ᔖ࿋ցҢՌϏޟऋ׬ᇄᚖЙȂफ़ٺՌณᚔ໠ ڏՌณޑᄘȂᄇڏ໌՗ᔆᄵᇄ༭അȂӰ࣏ٱސޟҏܒӵऋ׬ޟࢅᢐήौШӵڏЈณޟ Ռҥޑᄘϛ؁ৠܾኸ៩юپ)Xjoofs-!2::6-!q/81*Ȅ! ! ! CbdpoӰՄܷЀΟऋᏰᇄऋ׬௤ؑޟᓺӑܒȂ፭ϠΟऋᏰᇄऋ׬׽८ޱ؁ଽޟӴ ՝ȂӰ࣏ऋᏰี౪ᇄऋ׬ഺཱིޟցઉџоߝδӴЅܻܚԤΡ᜸Ȃ೻࢐ӈդࢇ᠌ȃӈդ ឩࣂȃӈդറюΡސᄇΡ᜸ٱཾޟኇ៪഍Ϛ૖ᇄϞШᔣޟ)Cbdpo-!2:71*ȄӵȮཱིٳ ੫៌ඪ඼ȯ)Ofx!Bumboujt-!2738*ϛȂCbdpo൷ජक़ΟΙএȶܚᛳߞ৞ȷ)Tpmpnpo!ipvtf* ޟंـᐠᄺȂڏϛԤᄂᡛࡉȃේސ༪ȃଢ଼ސ༪ȃώኅȃኁܘ้ȂऋᏰড়ঈӵڏϛϚٱ ҡ౰Ӵȃฒࡣ៫Ϟ኏ޟ׹ΣऋᏰंـώհȂڏҬޟ൷ӵܻ௤ଆٱސޟҏনЅڏၼ՗ફ ஝ȂоᘗσΡ᜸ޣᜋȂٺΙϸ౩དޟᄂ౪ԙ࣏џ૖Ȅܚᛳߞ৞ζԙ࣏ϞࡣӨ୽୽ড়઻

ंـᐠᄺԙҳޟ዁ԒȄ! ! ! ՌCbdpoඪюऋᏰऋ׬ޟཱིώڎо܂݈ՌณޟᢎᘈоپȂΡ᜸ംᅚᄺ࡚юΙᐌৈ ຟቋՌณȃҡސоЅΡ᜸ҏ፴ޟޣᜋȂ໌ՄџоளሴΡ᜸ᑸ۷ᆋҡࣀޟ੩Ԝ٤жࣨȄ CbdpoޟདݲϞࡣζថுΟ೨ӻޟଡᓍޱȂ29жकݲ୽ంᇌၼଢ଼ࡦདড়൷ࣺ࿋१ຜώ ᛺ԙ൷ȂEjefspuளᓞܚጡϞȮԻऋӒਪȯ)Fodzdmpqfejb*൷ҢΟྃσޟጕൽўఄक़ ऋ׬ี݂Ȅ! ! ! ᓍ๿ᄇܻऋ׬ᄘ࡙ޟᙽᡐȂΡঈᄇܻՌרցઉ༊өޟ୦ཾᏢސᇄސ፴ଡؑζᡐޟ ؁ё१ौȄЎڏӵ28ȃ29жकޟՌҥкဎࢇݽ፣क़ϛȂ൷ዅᢎӴᇯ࣏এΡငᔼցઉޟ ଡؑᄇܻငᔼቨߝ࢐ԤઉޟȄࡸྱ೻ኺޟᢎᘈȂଡؑȶՌרցઉȷ)tfmg.joufsftut* ࢐এϴҕछኈȂϚ༉࢐Ӱ࣏ڏོளپސ፴ΰޟցઉȂи࢐ҥܻᄇցઉޟଡؑџо౰ю ؁ԁޟಛݽޱᇄ؁ٹޟϴҕȄ! ! ! ԤᜰՌרցઉᏲөޟငᔼࣀଢ଼ӵKpio!MpdlfȮࢇۺ፣Πᖿȯ)Uif!Tfdpoe!Usfbujtf! pg!Hpwfsonfou*ϛԤΟ؁ӻޟលភȄтᇯ࣏ȂΡঈོདौ܂݈Ռณоຜ࣏ϏԤȄ࿋Ρ ᜸ᕣ၌ڗтঈޟ᏿ԤސԤೝ௠ჴϞӠᓎਢȂΡ᜸߯ᚔ໠ΟȶՌณޑᄘȷ)tubuf!pg! obuvsf*ՄלԙΟޥོٮಢᙑࢇۺȂٮۏଊڏ࡚ҳೣࠌо߳ራএΡޟؽԤ଒౰᠌Ȅࡸ ྱMpdlfޟᢎᘈȂࢇۺޟђ૖൷ӵܻ߳៖এΡ଒౰ջڧ߭৛ȂՄषࢇۺฒݲႀԙኺޟ ޟҬ኿ȂΡҕ߯Ԥ᠌ց஠ڏ௰ᙚȄӰԪȂ௃MpdlfޟᢎᘈࣼپȂΡ᜸ޟናؑ࢐Ιᆍᑖ ྃܒޟΨ໔Ȃ࿋Ρঈӵଡؑސ፴ޟቨߝਢȂтঈ஠ོ؁ё౩ܒȃҁڷӴўᒳԈݲࡡȂ ӰԪᇄѿൟޥོЅၥҏкဎࣺڳᔖޟএΡኈ՗џоў࡚ҳΙএᛧۡޟࢇݽપוȄྥ ԪȂӵڞօ࡚ҳيԁޥོޟࣀଢ଼ϛȂี৤ऋ׬оଡؑސ፴ቨߝޟӴ՝൷ೝᄔᡗюپȄ ᄇMpdlfՄِȂࢇۺϚڎԤϱӵቋ঄ȂڏُՓӵܻ߳៖ҡڼȃՌҥᇄ଒౰ޟ᠌ցȂհ ࣏Ԥᜰ೻ٲٱ௑ଔތដਢޟຘրȇऋ׬ᡐ᎐ࠌೝۡ՝࣏࢐ȶ໌؏ޟȷȂӵ౪фᐣѬϛ ೝᇯ࣏࢐҆ณོีҡޟȂӰ࣏೻࢐Ρঈ࣏ΟଡؑএΡցઉᇄؽΡၥ౰Մོў໌Ι؏ี ৤ޟ՗ଢ଼)Xjoofs-!2::6!-!q/83*Ȅ! ! ! ᆣΰܚक़ȂԤᜰऋ׬ޟᢎᘈȂ௃Ѡהᛸਢ෈ᄇܻऋ׬ޟ॒७ᢎᘈംᅚᙽ඲ԙዥϛ ܻऋ׬ޟ໌৤ȄޢՍϬРȂंـऋ׬ȃี৤ऋ׬ȃၼҢऋ׬ޟแ࡙ଽճࣥՍԙ࣏րۡ ޥོ୽ড়М݂໌؏ᇄ֏ޟٷᐃᇄຫ኉Ȅ୲ӵ೻ኺޟᑖྃዅᢎޟᄘ࡙ϞϛȂऋ׬ٷณӵ এΡؽΡሴ୿ᇄϴӓሴ୿໢ԤܚୢႤȄϴҕོೝჂᓾўၼҢӨԒӨኺޟऋ׬౰ࠢо໌ ՗ՌרശσցઉޟଡؑȂծऋ׬ंـᇄऋ׬ี৤ࠌ឴ܻடড়ޟٱཾሴ୿Ȃऋ׬ޟដᚠ

ӵၾኈတᡝܖϴӓሴ୿ϛٮؠԤϴҕџоབࡦ݂ᒱȃ፣क़៝፣ᇄϷٴ՗ଢ଼ޟު໢Ȅ! !

୤ȃ౪фޥོϛޟऋ׬੫፴!

! ! բᓍ๿CbdpoȃԻऋӒਪࣂᇄMpdlf้Ρᄇܻऋ׬ޟᢎᘈȂԙ࣏ΟՙПంᇌၼଢ଼ࡦ ད࣏ྃ१ौޟࡦՃၯኵȄࡦདড়ঈᇯ࣏ȂΡ᜸ᙤҥऋᏰޣᜋᇄऋ׬ഺഅȂ஠џо܂݈ ՌณȂٺΡ᜸ԙ࣏ՌϏࣥՍԇۤޟк৚Ȅӵ೻ኺޟ౩܈ήȂऋ׬ԙ࣏Ρ᜸৚ڙՌณᇄ Ռ٘ޟώڎȄณՄȂԪᆍऋ׬ࡦᆰᗶณڞօΟΡ᜸ўඡණՌณȃ௡ڙՌณȂࠓζӱႆ ᓞ پ ௡ ڙ Ο Ρ ᜸ Ռ Ϗ Ȅ Ipslifjnfs ᇄ Bepsop ӵ Ȯ ం ᇌ ޟ ៝ ᜌ ȯ )Ejbmfdujd! pg! Fomjhiufonfou*Ιਪϛ൷ࡾюȂంᇌ౩ܒϚᘞޟଽᅛȂ஠Ρ᜸ЅڏܚҡࣀϞҡࣀжࣨ സນ࣏аࢲоП߯ॎᆗȃႱกᇄԤਝ௡ڙȂϐငׯԢΟΡ᜸ҏܒᇄҡࣀжࣨȂ๖ݎం ᇌনཎӵ၌ଶડၗȂծശತంᇌՌ٘ࠓάלԙѪΙএડၗ )Ipslifjnfs!'!Bepsop-! 2:83*Ȅζ൷࢐ᇳȂంᇌ౩ܒন࣏ڞօΡ᜸ಳᚔཌྷ࢏ฒޣޑᄘоԙ൷ᐿҳՌкࡦՃϞ кᡝȂծႆ࡙஼፡ᇄ१ຜޟ๖ݎȂฒݲٷᐃऋ׬ᡒᒮौؑϞೝ໔ϽȃႱกޟ՗࣏ᇄҡ ࣀ൷҆໸ೝඳణȂ஼៧ӴᗍଶΟΡ᜸Ѕڏҡࣀޟଢ଼ᄘܒȃޥོܒȃᐣѬܒᇄࣺϣкᡝ ܒȄΙϸ༉૖ٷඉ౩ܒᇄࡊᢎޟݲࠌȂΡತـೝ౴Ͻ࣏ސȂޥོԙ࣏Ϛڎתដᖐॱޟ ൐өޥོȄ! ! ! ։ԃNbsdvtfܚࡾюޟȂऋ׬ϐငᙽᡐ࣏Ιᆍ௡ڙᡒᒮȂऋ׬ন࣏Ιᆍ၌ܹΨ໔Ȃ ஠ٱސ հώڎϽϞ ೎౩ȂࠓІ ՄᡐԙΙᆍ ၌ܹޟ؂ᑩ Ȃӱႆᓞپ ٺΡ᜸ԙ࣏ ώڎ )Nbsdvtf-!2:75*Ȅ඲ѯၗᇳȂऋ׬ন࣏җሉԤਝӴ௡ڙՌณȂζҥആႆ௡ڙՌณඪ ټΟᄇΡޟ৚ڙޟԤਝᢎ܈ᇄώڎȄӰՄȂ৚ڙҏ٘Ϟᘗ৤ᇄࡻδϐငϚӔ༉࢐ആႆ ऋ׬پႀԙȂڏҏ٘൷࢐ऋ׬ȄҢFmmvmޟၗپᇳȂऋ׬ϐင࢐এȶՌкޟفಛȷ )bvupopnpvt!tztufn*Ȃڏ຺юΟΡ᜸ޟ௡ڙՄԤΟՌϏޟၼհᡒᒮȄGffocfshࡾюȂ ೻ᆍऋ׬فಛ։ԃIfjefhhfsޟᢎᘈȈ! ᄬԋ΋ᅿཥޑЎϯᡏسǴ೭ᅿཥޑЎϯᡏسஒ᏾ঁޗ཮Шࣚख़ཥᄬࡌ ԋ΋ঁ௓ڋޑჹຝǶ೭ᅿᡏسڀԖ΋ᅿᘉ஭ࢲΚޑ੝ᗺǴѬஒനಖߟ Ε؂ঁࣽמ߻ݮ٠༟೷ޗ཮ғࢲޑ᏾ᡏǶӢԜǴᕴᡏޑπڀϯ൩ԋΑ

΋ᅿڮၮ5 ǴךॺନΑଏࠅаѦؒԖձޑрၡǶѝԖӣᘜ໺಍܈ቀᐆω ૈගٮ΋ᅿჹ຾؁ޑޓҞ஖ࡨޑඹж׎Ԅ !)Gffocfsh-!311303116-! q/7*Ƕ! ! ! Մᄇܻऋ׬໌؏ԃԪޟޡҬதࡶȂ࢐ҥܻऋ׬၌ܹΟΡ᜸নԤਢުϞ३ڙȂΡ᜸ ՗ଢ଼ୢ୿ޟȶᘗቨȷ)nbhojgjdbujpo*ܚளپޟՌҥЅ፭᠌ཐȂృؠΟΡঈᄇܻऋ׬ ޟ׳րȂиᡱΡঈןΟи҆໸ўܛၷऋ׬ܚளپޟȶᕻωȷ)sfevdujpo*Ȅ6 ऋ׬ΙП ७ԙ࣏ΡঈՌרޟ۽ժᇄޥོжࣨޟӔ౪ȇѪΙП७ȂΡঈޟՌרߒႀᇄӔ౪жࣨਢ ܚٺҢޟಒጆȂࠓ഍҆໸ᎌᔖܻϛϭऋ׬ޟ࢜ᄺȄྥԪȂΡঈܾྃഞΣΟҥऋ׬ܚ஼ ёޟΙ೿՛ᐇհࡾхᇄࡦᆰПԒϛȂи࡞פ൷ོӣཎೝȶ೩ۡȷ)qsphsbnnfe*ԙ࣏ȶแ ԒΡȷ)qsphsbnnfe!qfstpo*ȂٮฒݲၼҢད჋Ψپ೩དՌ٘ޟџ૖ܒȂלԙΙᆍߨ லᜲоඡණޟᕻωלԒȄ! ! ! ೻ኺޟऋ׬௡ڙȂӵNby!Xfcfs೎ᆎϞ࣏ȶ១᠖ȷ)jspo!dbhf*ȂNbsujo!Ifjefhhfs ᆎϞ࣏ȶ਱࢜ȷ)fogsbnjoh*)Hftufmm*ȄᄇIfjefhhfsՄِȂऋ׬ޟҏ፴൷࢐ԆԤޟ ၌ጶ)Vowfscpshfoifju-!vodpodfbmnfou*ȂΡ᜸ޟڼၼ൷࢐ԆԤޟ၌ጶȂԆԤޟ၌ጶ ༉ีҡܻၭжࣨޟՌҥᇄ໠ܹޟжࣨᜰ߽Ȅ౪фΡ஠Ռרཎס߭ΣڗԆԤȂऋ׬—ᆗ ॎޟоΙᆍᓽԆᇄȶ਱࢜ȷޟПԒӔ౪жࣨȂٺு࿲ސԙ࣏ᓽԆސՄࣱ࣏ΡܚҢȂᗶ ณ೻ζ࢐Ιᆍ၌ጶȄ౪фΡޟ၌ጶ࢐ΙᆍڼၼȂӰ࣏Ѻయฒ౩ҥӴ஼ؑՌณȂᗴጶՄ ߨ၌ጶԆԤȄྥԪȂ༉࿋Ρঈ१ཱིൔଔΡ᜸ޟՌרཎסٮ஠Ռ٘ॎห׹Σઍ౩ޟีҡ о຺պȶ਱࢜ȷޟऋ׬ᄘ࡙ਢϗ૖ு௿Ȃζϗ૖१ཱིᇯᜋڗԆԤȄؠԤऋ׬൷ؠԤ၌ ጶོีҡȂ࢐о୰ᚠٮϚ࢐ୄӵऋ׬ȂՄ࢐ϚӣޟၼҢऋ׬ȂӰԪ҆໸ӱᘪڗऋ׬ޟ ᛺೚੫኉ȂӱڗᇭِᇄၑϞϛȂആႆᄇᇭِᇄၑޟࡦՃȂ१ཱིี౪ԆԤᒦоԊ٘ҳڼ ޟжࣨ)྆ࢸݘȂ3122*7 Ȅ! !

4 ⍇㔯䁢”Geschick”炻⍇嬗䁢ˬ⣑␥˭炻㖻冯ᷕ⚳⒚⬠ᷕᷳˬ⣑␥˭㶟㵮炻㬌㓡䁢ˬ␥忳˭ˤ 5

㬌⌛⤪ Ihde(1990, p.74)㇨㊯↢䘬炻Ṣ冯䥹㈨⍲ᶾ䓴攻䘬ˬ橼䎦斄Ὢ˭(embodiment relations)炻⬀⛐叿℟㚱ᶨ䧖 ⽭䃞䘬ˬ㒜⡆/䷖⮷˭(magnification/reduction)㝞㥳(Ihde, 1990, p.74)ˤ橼䎦斄Ὢ㚫⎴㗪㓦⣏ˣ㒜⣏ㆾ㗗䷖⮷ˣ 䦣昌(旣㑳)ᶨṃ德忶⬫侴䴻槿⇘䘬㜙大ˤἳ⤪炻ṢᾹ德忶㛃怈掉奨⮇⇘䘬㚰䎫炻⿏岒㚫ᶵ⎴㕤倱䛤㇨䚳⇘䘬 㚰Ṗ烊德忶暣娙䘬倗专炻ṢᾹ⎗ẍ䴻槿⇘态怈嶅暊ᷳ⢾䘬ṢᾹ炻Ữ㗗ẋ₡㗗㬌䴻槿㚫塓旸䷖㕤倚枛ˤIhde ẍ 䎦尉⬠䘬㕡㱽⍾⎹㍊妶ˬṢ—䥹㈨—ᶾ䓴˭䘬斄Ὢ炻侴㍸↢烉橼䎦斄Ὢ(embodiment relations)ˣ娖慳斄Ὢ (hermeneutic relations)ˣ⬫䔘斄Ὢ(alterity relations)ˣ側㘗斄Ὢ(background relations)䫱⚃䧖✳ンˤ

6

! ! ୲ Ifjefhhfs ΰ क़ ᄇ ܻ ऋ ׬ ޟ ଡ ୰ Ȃ ೝ Gffocfsh ׳ ຟ ࢐ Ι ᆍ ȶ ᄂ ᡝ ፣ ȷ )Tvctuboujwjtn*ޟᢎᘈȂڏϐငᗴ֤ܻXfcfs౩ܒϽȶ១᠖ȷޟඍᢎ྅܈ϞϛȄтঈ ഍ᇯ࣏Ȃऋ׬Ϛ࢐ᙏ൐ޟЙࢲȂՄ࢐ϐငᡐԙΙᆍᕗცڷҡࣀПԒȂԪ࣏ऋ׬ޟᄂ፴ ܒ)tvctuboujwf*ኇ៪ȄྥԪȂΡঈݧۡܖޱ஠ऋ׬෉өȶІ੩Ԝ٤ȷ)Eztupqjb*ޟ Пө௰໌Ȃܖ࢐໐པ)Optubmhjb*ԒӴଝӱڗ؁নۖޟҡࣀПԒϞϛȄӵӈդ௑לήȂ ऋ׬഍Ϛོ׽ᡐȂڏ࢐Ρ᜸ޟڼၼȂΡ᜸ฒΨўওғܖϓႱ!)ᗺ೿ኊȃఔᢎݲឍȂ 3116*ȄՄ᜸խ೻ኺޟᢎᘈζџӵݲ୽ऋ׬঱Ᏸড়Fmmvm೎ࣼڗȄ! ! ! Fmvmmᇯ࣏Ȃऋ׬ϐငڥфΟՌณᕗცՄԙ࣏Ρ᜸҆໸ҡࣀڏ໢ޟཱིޟȃ੫ۡޟ ᕗცȄ೻ኺޟᕗცԤоήޟ੫኉Ȉ2/Ѻ࢐Ρώޟȇ3/Ѻ࢐Ռкޟȇ4/Ѻ࢐ᐿҳܻΡ᜸ ϓႱՄՌרؚۡޟȇ5/Ѻ࢐ࡸྱΙᆍӰݎՄߨҬޟᏲөޟႆแี৤ȇ6/Ѻ࢐೽ႆЙࢲ ᑖಣՄپȂЙࢲӑܻҬޟȇ7/ѺޟܚԤഋϷ഍ޭៈӵΙଔȂϚџ૖Ϸ໠Ȃฒݲ൐ᐿ၌ ؚӈդΙএऋ׬୰ᚠȄӰԪܚᒝএտڎᡝޟऋ׬ี৤࢐Ռࣺҭࣽޟ౪ຫȄՄࢋณऋ׬ ϐငԙཱི࣏ޟᕗცȂܚԤޟޥོ౪ຫ൷഍ည٘ڏϛȂᇳငᔼȃࢇݽȃМϽ้ڧڗऋ׬ ޟኇ៪ܖ׽ᡐ࢐ϚᄇޟȂ࢐೻ٲࣀଢ଼഍ညܻ٘ऋ׬Ϟϛ)Fmmvm-!2:94-!q/97*ȄྥԪȂ ؠԤܚᒝޟΡ᜸Л଩ऋ׬ޟٱ௑ȂѫԤΡ᜸ў݈௃ᇄᎌᔖऋ׬ᕗცޟᡐ᎐ȂӰ࣏ܚԤ Ρ᜸ޟᢎ܈ȃ߬Ӊȃրᘞᇄડၗ้഍ϐငೝऋ׬ܚ࠮༭Մԙޟᕗც׽അΟȄ! ! ! Fmmvmޟཎࡦ࢐Ȃऋ׬ׇӒ࢐এՌкޟفಛȂڏٮߨ࢐ҥ๻़டড়ܚ௡ڙܖᆓ౩Ȃ Մ࢐ؠԤΡ૖ઍғಛݽܖ௡ڙȄЎڏ࢐౪фऋ׬فಛޟፒᚕܒȂԤڏՌ٘ٱސᇄೣ ࠌȂོЕᏲؐএΡᇄސٷڏೣࠌ՗࣏Ȃٮആႆᎌ࿋ೣࠌپׇԙȄ඲ѯၗᇳȂσ࠮ޟऋ ׬فಛོࡸྱڏՌ٘ޟೣࠌၼ՗ȂٮϚོڧڗ୽ড়ȃࢇۺȃंـᐠᄺܖடড়Ᏸޱܚ௡ ڙȄٱᄂΰȂடড়ᏰޱଶΟՌϏᆠ೽ޟऋ׬ѴȂਲ਼ҏ൷ፙϚΰџо௡ڙڏтӈդΙ໶ ऋ׬Ȅ! ! ! Fmmvmᖂ๖ᇳȈ2/ܚԤऋ׬໌؏഍ԤфቋȄ࿋ऋ׬໌؏ΙП७ቨёΟΙٲݍՙਢȂ ѪП७ࠓζ҆ณ෵ЍΟΙٲݍՙ8 Ȅٽԃऋ׬ф഼ٺுΡঈ഼ଢ଼॒ᐊ෵ሆΟȂծᓍϞՄ پޟᆠડΰޟᆧ஻ȃ઀഼ᇄ஫ዛІՄቨёΟȄӰԪȂܚԤऋ׬໌؏഍ԤڏфቋȂϚ૖ ࣺ߬ᇳऋ׬ࣥቄ഍Ϛள๝ΡঈȂࠓζϚᔖ၎ᇯ࣏Ѻ࢐ջາளپޟȄ3/ऋ׬Еଔޟ୰ᚠ Ш၌ؚޟ୰ᚠӻȄؐΙԩޟऋ׬໌Ͻ഍၌ؚΟ࢚ٲΡঈܚ७ᖝޟ୰ᚠȂࠓζᇧഅΟཱི

7 㬌⌛栆Ụ⇵徘 Ihde ㇨㍸ᷳˬ㒜⡆—䷖⮷˭(magnification/reduction)㓰ㅱˤ

ޟ୰ᚠȄٽԃȂᚂ᛾ีႀ६ճΟᔉڋޟЋ׷౥ȂζளپΟΡ᜸ჰڼޟ۽ߝȂณՄࠓζ לԙΟΡοႆ഻ޟ୰ᚠȄ4/Ԥ৛ޟڷԤઉޟࡣݎϚџϷᚔȄٽԃՌଢ଼ϽளپΟ഼ଢ଼Ψ ޟ၌ܹȂӣਢࠓζഅԙΟѶཾՄॊҡԙޥོ୰ᚠ9 ȇ5/ܚԤऋ׬഍ᗴ֤ΟϚџႱَޟࡣ ݎ)Fmmvm-!2:94-!qq/:8.:9*Ȅٽԃ࣏Οσೣ዁ᆍේෝ߆ᇄҝԽȂऄӃිݓоቨёે Ӵ७ᑖ࢐ᎌ࿋ޟհݲȂ೻ሳ࣏ಒӫငᔼਝઉζߒ౪юऋ׬ޟ໌؏ȄծҐෆਟڗޟ࢐Ȃ ҝԽᇄෝ߆ٺπ᝔೴ዱȂࣥՍੑ၌Οπ᝔ȂငႆघѲΪԑેհࡣȂπ᝔ೝકᚽԙ࣏ᗻ ಖȂ஼ॳ֚ႆȂӴߒ൷༉഻ήᇦ៩ޟۭүΟȄ! ! ! Մӵ೻ኺޟऋ׬فಛϞϛȂऋ׬ޟቨߝЛ଩ΟӒഋޟΡ᜸Ψ໔ȃᐭ௑ȃසΨоЅ ኈ՗Ȅоमܻདौў൶ײᇄี౪ڟູޟΡ᜸ኈ՗Ȃӵᄂ፺ΰߖнϚџ૖ȂࣥՍҥܻ౪ фऋ׬فಛޟፒᚕܒȂٺுौ஠೰ӈᘪӰܻӈդএΡޟ๖ݎζູپູ֨ᜲȂΡ᜸ޟޟ ၾኈ೰ӈོೝใភܖ܇౱ȄٽԃȈઽᆞۢ჉Fjdinbooᇯ࣏т༉࢐ᅾтޟ೰ӈᇄॎหࡾ Ұ஠Ӗٙ၆ᅖนЊΡٮଚ܁໱ϛᕊȂтѫ࢐ୈтᔖ၎ୈޟώհ: Ȅ௃டཾগ౩پࣼȂOb{j ޟடཾΡষȂᚂৱȃώแৱȃॖۢȃρռ้Ȃ഍ᇯઍޟஈ՗Οтܚ၎ୈޟӈ୛ȂณՄ ๖ݎࠓ࢐Ιൟσ੝ք)Evtfl-!3117!-!q/21:*Ȅ! ! ! FmmvmԪᆍҥऋ׬Ռк፣໌ՄᏲөऋ׬ؚۡ፣ޟᢎᘈȂھณԤڏᐿڗَ၌Ȃ୲ڏ ζЕଔϚЍ፴ᅸȄЎڏ࢐Ռ2:61ԑфоپȂ೨ӻࣺᜰऋ׬ޟޥོȃࢇݽᇄগ౩ដᚠ໠ ۖџоആႆၮሴ୿ޟΡϗȂоၮሴ୿ޟӫհПԒپёо௤ଆٮၐყ၌ؚȂՄהఖ஠ऋ ׬ܚளپޟџ૖ॳᓎᇄኇ៪ࡣݎୈ؁Ӓ७ޟՃ໔ȄٽԃȂΡ᜸அӰಢॎหȂี৤ႆแ ϛϐԤ೨ӻޟϴӓ፣क़ਖ਼ΣีᖐȄ౪Ϭ೨ӻ१σϴӓώแ࡚೩Ȃӵೣგ೩ॎϞਢζོ ёΣϴҕღᡝޟଆ፣Ȃоᡱ୤ᇄቹ७؁ኄȂࣺᜰ୰ᚠޟՃኌџо؁ёں۽Ȅ!

ဓȃऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕఀى!

8 劙⚳⛐ 18 ᶾ䲨㛓 19 ᶾ䲨⇅㗪䓙㕤⺽忚㨇㡘䷼ⶫ冯䳉䷼ⶍ⺈炻忈ㆸ⭞⹕ㇳⶍ喅㰺句炻⮶农姙⣂ㇳⶍⶍṢ⣙㤕炻 䚏⽟⮯幵(General Ned Ludd)忪ⷞ柀ⶍṢ㍉⍾㽨忚ㇳ㭝䟜⢆Ḯ䲬⃳悉冯媦ᶩ㻊悉䘬ⶍ⺈姕⁁ˤṾᾹ㚨⼴Ẁ↢Ḯ 塓嗽㬣䘬ẋ₡炻Ữᷳ⼴䚏⽟ấ⫸(Luddites)ㆸ䁢⍵䥹㈨侭䘬ẋ⎵娆炻䎦ẋ䘬⍵䥹㈨侭⇯塓䧙䁢㗗㕘䚏⽟ấ⫸ (Neo-Luddites)ˤ㕘䚏⽟ấ⫸⍵䥹㈨䘬⍇⚈᷎朆㗗➢㕤⣙㤕炻㚜⣂䘬㗗㉝⇞䎦ẋ䥹㈨㇨ⷞἮ䘬䔷暊冯⅟㻈ˤ Chellis Glendinning ⌛㕤 1990 ⸜䘤堐˨㕘䚏⽟ᷣ佑⭋妨˩(Neo-Luddite manifesto)ẍ斄↯䔞ẋ䥹㈨⮵㕤䓇㳣冯 ‍⹟䘬⦩傭ˤ⎎⢾⁷ Wendel Berry˪䁢ỽㆹᶵㇻ䬿屟暣儎˫(Why I am not going to buy a computer)ḇ屔暋Ḯ㕘 䥹㈨㇨ⷞἮ䘬⭛嗽ˤNeil Postman ⇯㊯↢㕘䥹㈨炻⯌℞㗗暣夾炻忈ㆸḮˬ䪍⸜䘬㴰必˭炻䥹㈨ᶲ䘖㚫ˬ㬉ケ军 㬣˭ˤ侴㚨㽨䁰䘬⎗傥㗗⁷ Dr. Theodore Kaczynski 䫱ˬ悝⊭䁠⻰⭊˭(Unabomber)ˤKaczynski 㗗伶⚳≈ⶆ⣏ ⬠㝷⃳厲↮㟉㔠⬠䲣㔁㌰炻冒 1979 ⸜崟炻➢㕤⍵⮵㕘䥹㈨䘬䩳⟜炻Ṿὧẍ悝⊭䁠⻰䁢㬎☐炻㱧叿刦㢖尒℔嶗 䁠念㱧嶗ⶆ䩳⣏⬠炻⊭㊔≈⣏䘬 Davis ↮㟉ˣ渥㷾❶䘬䋟Ṿ⣏⬠⍲㆟Ὤ㖶⣏⬠䫱ˤKaczynski ḳ䘤⼴晙⯭呁⣏ ㊧ⶆ⣂⸜炻䚜⇘⛐⟙䳁ᶲ䘤堐⍵䥹㈨⭋妨ㇵ塓㩊冱句䵚ˤ

! ! ਲ਼ ᐃ Bsjtupumf ޟ ᢎ ᘈ Ȃ ኈ ՗ )wjsuvf* ࡾ ޟ ࢐ Ι ᆍ ಬ ᄛ Ꮄ ԙ ޟ ੉ ፴ ࿸ ܒ )ejtqptjujpo*ȂтܚඪϞኈ՗গ౩Ᏸ)wjsuvf!fuijdt*ौў୰ޟ୰ᚠ։࢐Ȉȶרौԙ ࣏ΙএࡩኺޟΡȉȷ)Xibu!tibmm!J!cfȉ*ȄषЕժӵϬРऋ׬ޥོϛȂԤᜰϴҕޟ ኈ՗ौў୰ޟ൷࢐Ȉȶӵऋ׬ޥོϛרौԙ࣏ΙএࡩኺޟΡȉȷ)Xibu!tibmm!J!cf!jo! ufdiopmphjdbm!tpdjfuzȉ*Մӵ७ᄇΡঈᇄऋ׬ࣺϣҺៈȂऋ׬࣏Ρܚี݂ȂΡζೝ ऋ׬ܚ१༭ϞϚџଛᙽȃฒџଟᗗޟऋ׬ޥོϛȂΡঈौԙ࣏ޟᔖ၎࢐૖ஊ౏࡙ࣸࡦ ऋ׬џ૖ளپޟ୰ᚠᇄॳᓎȂٮᑖྃϭΣऋ׬೩ॎȃंـᇄี৤ႆแȂԃIfjefhhfs ܚᒝᇄऋ׬໢૖ԤȶՌҥᜰ߽ȷ)gsff!sfmbujpot*ޟΡȄ! ! ! ྥԪȂஅܻࠉक़૕๜ȂҏМᔣඪюȈ)2*୤ᇄЅᄇၗޟϴҕఀىȇ)3*೰ӈগ౩ޟ ϴҕఀىȂհ࣏ऋ׬ޥོϛيԁϴҕܚۣԤϞϴҕኈ՗ᇄϴҕఀىޟ၄шᇄ୤ՃȈ!

Ιȃ୤ᇄЅᄇၗޟϴҕఀى!

! ! ౪фϽऋ׬հ࣏оਝ౥ᡒᒮ௮ࡕޟፒᚕفಛȂӵΡঈҡࣀںᎏޟऋ׬౰ࠢᇄفಛ ӵϚᘞଡؑਝ౥ޟႆแϛȂΡ᜸ޟ՗ଢ଼லೝຜ࣏࢐Ϛጂۡޟᡐଢ଼ӰશՄ҆໸ёо௶ ଶȂ೨ӻऋ׬೩ॎᇄࢇؚ๊ۡӰԪ഍ོ෉өቋ঄ϛҳᇄӫ౩Ͻޟনࠌў໌՗ࡦՃȂᅾ ໔ ᗗ ໠ Ρ ᜸ ޟ Ռ к ܒ ȃ ഺ അ ܒ ᇄ ၾ ኈ ೰ ӈ ཐ Ȅ ٽ ԃ Ȃ ഫ ࿋ ഼ Ͻ ন ࠌ Ȉ ਝ ౥ )fggjdjfodz*ȃџॎᆗܒ)dbdvmbcjmjuz*ȃџႱกܒ)qsfejdubcjmjuz*ЅߨΡऋ׬ޟ ௡ڙ)dpouspm!uispvhi!opoivnbo!ufdiopmphz*!)ݓէထȃဨݠܑឍȂ3113*Ȃ։࢐೻ ኺޟऋ׬ᡒᒮȄ׬ݽடড়кဎ)ufdiopdsbdz*அܻ೻ኺޟᢎᘈȂк஻ऋ׬ंـȃี৤ ᇄؚ๊࢐டড়Ᏸޱޟٱ୛ȂΙૡϴҕฒޣζϚᔖԤ᠌୤ᇄȄӰԪԤᜰऋ׬ޟࣺᜰؚ ๊ȂငலીмΟϴҕᑖྃ୤ᇄޟᐠོᇄު໢Ȅ! ! ! ծ୰ᚠ࢐Ȃऋ׬ޟ๖ݎ҆ณོᜰнএΡᇄӒᡝΡ᜸ޟڼၼȂڏϚᔖ༉ೝຜ࣏࢐Ѝ ኵடড়๻़ܖ᠌ΨΡρޟ࿱㞽ȂՄۣೝຜ࣏࢐Ιএϴӓሴ୿ȄӨএሴ୿ޟடড়ᏰޱȂ ࣥՍѓࢂӨ՗ӨཾޟΡρȂ഍ӵϴಀޟᅿ࿜ڷ௡ڙήώհȂо࡚ҳΙᆍҕкޟȃ୤ᇄ Ԓޟȃϴ໠ޟऋ׬ؚ๊ϴӓሴ୿Ȅӵ೻ኺޟϴӓሴ୿ϞϛȂϴҕޟབࡦᇄᑖྃ୤ᇄོ ࢐१ौޟኈ՗Ȅ։ԃXjoofsܚࡾюȈ! ! ӳޑϦ҇ाޕၰӵՖୖᆶόӕᜪᜪࠠϐࣽמޑࠠ༟ၸำǴӕਔΨाޕ ၰ ӵ Ֆ ѐ ௗ ڙ ࣽ מ ё ૈ ཮ у ፏ ܭ ي ΢ ޑ ࠠ ༟ Κ ໆ )Xjoofs-! 2::6-!

q/92*Ƕ! ! ! ඲ѯၗᇳȂऋ׬ޥོϛޟيԁϴҕᔖ၎ौ૖ᑖྃкଢ଼Ӵ୤ᇄऋ׬ޟ೩ॎȃؚ๊ᇄ ஈ՗ႆแՄ૖ڞօלԙऋ׬પוȄ։ԃGffocfshܚк஻ޟȂ҆໸ᘗσᄇܻऋ׬ޟҕк ϴӓ୤ᇄȄтᇯ࣏Ȃऋ׬فಛ࢐এࢇݽ׳րڷ՗ଢ଼ޟࡊᡝȂ౪фޥོޟ੫᠌࢐࡚ҳӵ ऋ׬ܻۨڏϛޟӨᆍޥོࣀଢ଼ޟஅᙃϞΰȂѓࢂҡ౰ȃᚂᕛȃఀىᇄॖٱ้ሴ୿ȄӰ ՄࣺᄇޟȂޥོޟҕкϽሯौஅҏޟऋ׬ᇄࢇݽޟᡐϽȄଶߨҕк૖ೝᘗ৤ڗ༈ಛޟ ࣨጣϞѴȂζ൷࢐ᘗ৤ڗऋ׬ޟሴ୿Ȃ֏ࠌҕкޟٺҢቋ঄஠ོή६Ȃҕкڙ࡙஠ོ ംᅚੑѶ)ᗺ೿ኊȃఔᢎݲឍȂ3116Ȃॲ33*ȄGffocfshӰԪк஻Ρঈᔖ၎кଢ଼୤ᇄٮ Ᏸོ௴ڥӻᆍלԒܰתڎᡝޟऋ׬੫᠌Ȃоᄂ౪ऋ׬ሴ୿ޟҕкϽȄ! ! ! ԃԪΙپȂऋ׬೩ॎԙ࣏Ιᆍ॒ၷΟࢇݽࡣݎޟ೩ॎȂՄ஠ޥོӻኵΡ௶ଶӵԪ ᆍ೩ॎϞѴ࢐ϚҕкޟȂӰ࣏ΡঈԤܚᒝޟȶ୤ᇄޱցઉȷ)qbsujdjqbou!joufsftut*Ȅ ։ԃGffocfshࡾюȂΡঈΙҍ௢Σڗऋ׬ᆩ๜ϛȂ൷ڎԤΟ࢚ٲޟ੫੆ցઉȂ೻ٲց ઉ࢐ᇄ೻ᆍ୤ᇄܚբᓍޟܖԁܖᚽޟዖ૖ࣺᄇᔖȄ౪Ԇޟऋ׬ೣგငல࢐݈୛ܻ೻ٲ ցઉȂծٮߨΙೱԃԪȂڏζџёоᗗջȄӵ೻ኺޟޑݷήȂএΡ໠ۖཎᜋڗҥܻڏ ᇄऋ׬໢ޟᜰ೿Մೝ܇ຜȃᔆफ़ܖࡄ૏ڗтঈޟҡԆȄՄ࿋тঈџо఼ཿӴߒႀڏց ઉਢȂ൷Ԥᐠོਲ਼ᐃΡ᜸ሯौᇄ૖ΨϞ؁ኄݿޟጒ൜پ१ཱི࡚ᄺऋ׬ᡝف)ᗺ೿ኊȃ ఔᢎݲឍȂ3116Ȃॲ33*Ȅ! ! ! Gffocfshᇯ࣏ȂԤᜰऋ׬ޟ঱ᏰࡦՃғ࢐ौўᄇܻΡঈՌ٘ޟഺഅސᇄ՗ଢ଼ޟ๖ ݎ॒೰Ȅऋ׬࢐஠ޥོᆹ໱࣏ΙএᐌᡝޟॎหȂആႆ؁ኄݿᇄࢇݽϭΣȂΡ᜸ᄇܻऋ ׬ޟҐپԤڏগ౩೰ӈȄтӰԪк஻ȶ஠ऋ׬ҕкϽȷ)efnpdsbuj{joh!ufdiopmphz*Ȅ ऋ׬לԒ࡞ЍԤҕк୤ᇄޟഋϷȂGffocfshᇯ࣏Ȃ҆໸ആႆఀىȃ൬ᡝȃݲࡡЅऋ׬ டཾ้پёо׽८Ȅ೻ኺޟᢎᘈкौپՌܻNbsyᇄEfxfzȄNbsyࣺ߬ώΡџоӵऋ׬ ޟஅᙃΰўᙽಋ౪фޥོȇEfxfzࠌהఖӵऋ׬ޟؚ๊ΰџоԤ؁ӻޟϴҕ୤ᇄȄ Gffocfshᇯ࣏Ȃҥऋ׬ޟٺҢޱᇄڧ৛ޱҕкϽӴϭΣڗऋ׬ҡ౰ϞϛȂོԤ࡞Ϛӣ ܻऋ׬டড়ᏰޱޟᢎᘈȄ፝ԃԪ᜸ޟҕкϭΣȂӵᕗ߳ដᚠоЅᚂ᛾ដᚠΰ७ϐငԤ Οԙݎ)Gffocfsh-!3118-!q/69*Ȅ! ! ! Մӵ೻ኺޟҕк୤ᇄϛȂϴҕ܄ԪϞ໢ޟᄇၗ࢐҆ौޟώհȄCpshnbo൷ࡾюȈ! ଺ࣁࣽמޗ཮ύޑ΋ঁϦ҇Ǵ཮ᜅԋѸ໪ჹࣽמࢲ୏຾Չ΋٤ϦӅ௛

ࡼǹԶ଺ࣁ੃຤ޣǴΓॺࠅۙܺܭཥᕉნޑ଎ΓᎶΚǵច୏όӼᆶᜤ аਆᄗޑ៥ΚǶ೭ኬޑҟ࣯ޟ่кᅈΑᅪቾᆶόӼǴऩाှ،೭ኬޑ ௃ᆣ൩Ѹ໪೸ၸ੿҅ޑჹ၉ǴѸ໪ӧϦ౲ፕᏝ຾Չྎ೯Ǵ૸ፕٗ٤Ԗ ،ۓཀကޑ٣௃аϷӵՖ٬೭٤٣௃ӧғࢲύૈ՞ԖዴۓԶЬाՏ࿼ ޑӅӕ௛ࡼ!)ۏቼਔ᝿Ǵ3114Ǵ।24:*Ƕ! ! ! ҥIbcfsnbt้ܚี৤ޟȶቷដԒҕкȷ)efmjcfsbufmz!efnpdsbdz*։џୈ࣏ϴҕ ྜ೽ᄇၗޟڎᡝᄂ፺ПԒȄܚᒝޟቷដԒҕкȂ߽ࡾϴҕആႆ౩ܒ፣៝)ejtdpvstf* ޟПԒӵԤތដޟࢇݽȃݲࡡᇄၾኈ୰ᚠΰלԙӓᜋȇиོཎᜋڗӓᜋ࢐኷ਢиџᒿ ޟȄҥܻؐএΡ഍џ૖қᒿȂӰԪ҆໸Ᏸಬ᠙ڥтΡޟϚӣཎَȂζ୲Ԥ᠙ڥܚԤཎ َڷϚᔆڙӈդΡȂϗ૖ўᔮᡛ঺ٲٱސᄇܚԤΡՄِ഍࢐ԁޟȄٮጂ߳ؠԤӈդΡ ೝ௶ଶܖ᜞ጢϽޟྜ೽ПԒȂи߳ᜌ৵༖ޱӣ้ޟࢇݽՃ໔)็жᗿឍȂ3114*Ȅ඲ѯ ၗᇳȂആႆቷដԒҕкޟแוȂএΡ୑ԁџоՄиζᔖ၎೽ႆᄇܻϴӓցઉޟ౩ܒՄ ϴ໠ޟଆ፣Մೝ׽ᡐȂڏ࢐ΙএѓৠܚԤΡάϚᔆफ़ܖ௶ଶӈդΡޟࢇݽϞᢎ܈לԙ ᇄཎסלԙޟᐇհПԒȄ! ! ! ՄӵቷដԒҕк࿋ϛȂ҆໸ौ߳ᜌ፣៝ޟ໠ܹо٩Х๊౱ܒޟ՗࣏ܖӓᒗȂӰԪ Ιএ౩དܒޟቷដԒҕкޥတᔖ၎࢐џоՌҥӴ୤ᇄȂи୤ᇄԙষঈᓍਢ഍Ⴑരӵ፣ ៝ႆแϛ׽ᡐڏᢎᘈȄӵΙএቷដԒޟ፣៝ႆแϞϛȂӓᜋᇄؚۡޟႀԙϚ༉࢐୤ᇄ ޱϞࠉ։ڎԤϞցઉܖཎَޟІࢎȂζ࢐ڏӵӱᔖΟ፣ᜌϞࡣܚήޟրᘞ)Njmmfs-! 3111*ȄӰԪӵቷដԒޟ፣៝ႆแϛȂ෈ఖሯؑȃ৯౴ᇯޣܖওғሯؑޟ౩၌഍ौೝ ՃኌȄ඲ѯၗᇳȂቷដԒҕкܚႀԙޟҬ኿ٮϚ࢐ΙᆍޣᜋΰޟӓᜋȂՄ࢐ौ֕౪ю ଆ፣ႆแᇄϱৠϛϚӣᢎᘈޟϴғҁᒋ)Njmmfs-!3111*ȄՄആႆቷដԒҕкޟПԒȂ ϴҕџоᑖྃӴ୤ᇄڗऋ׬ޥོޟفಛϞϛȂٮඪଽӨ໶ऋ׬ٱ୛ؚ๊ႆแޟแוӫ ݲܒȄ! ! ! ᆣΰܚक़Ȃऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕོᕣ၌ڗΙএཱིऋ׬فಛޟ೩ॎ࢐Ґپтौҡࣀܻ ڏϛޟު໢Ȃт҆໸ӱᔖڗBsjtupumfᄇܻيԁϴҕኈ՗ޟᢎᘈȂζ൷࢐ौ౩၌ڗԃ դӣਢհ࣏Ιএݽ౩Ρᇄೝݽ౩ΡȄՄӵऋ׬ޥོϛȂԁޟϴҕ։࢐ौўޣၾԃդ୤ ᇄڗϚӣ᜸࠮Ϟऋ׬ޟ࠮༭ႆแȂӣਢζौޣၾԃդў௥ڧऋ׬џ૖ོёܻ፝٘ΰޟ ࠮༭Ψ໔Ȃζϗ૖׸ᅋԁӣਢୈ࣏ݽ౩Ρᇄೝݽ౩ΡޟُՓȄ!

Πȃ೰ӈগ౩ޟϴҕఀى!

! ! Njudibn)2::5*ෆငࡾюȂ༈ಛޟগ౩Ᏸ஼፡ޟ࢐Ρሬᜰ߽Ȃฒ፣࢐ਝઉ፣ܖ࢐ ဎ୛፣গ౩ᏰȂஅҏΰ഍࢐ݧ१ΡၭΡϞ໢ᔖ၎ԃդࣺϣҺ܁ޟ୰ᚠȄณՄȂՙПՌ ౪фϽоپȂҥܻऋ׬ޟี৤Ѕڏ๝ϠΡ᜸ޟ१σኇ៪Ȃগ౩Ᏸҏ٘ޟጒ൜ϐငᘗσ ڗΟѓࢂΡᇄߨΡޟжࣨȂԃଢ଼ސȃՌณᇄΡώᇧࠢ໢ޟᜰ߽Ȅӵ౪фऋ׬ޟᔆΨήȂ Njudibnᇯ࣏ȂӨᆍלԒޟ೰ӈϚᘞᘗσᇄᡐϽȂቨߝޟऋ׬Ψ໔Ѕڏᅤആሴ୿ϐင ٺுᇄӨᆍऋ׬ࣀଢ଼ࣺᜰ೿ޟݲࡡȃࢇݽȃငᔼȃޥོȃ۠ఀȃၾኈ้೰ӈζϚᘞᓍ ϞቨߝȄ೻ٲᡐϽѓ֤ԤϤএП७Ȉ2/Ԥᜰ೰ӈޟݲࡡלԒޟ၌ភȂ҆໸ᘗ৤ڗᄇܻ ౰ࠢޟ೰ӈᇄᕗცҡᄘޟ೰ӈȄ3/ቨёऋᏰড়ঈᄇܻޥོ೰ӈ୰ᚠޟఃཐ࡙Ȅ4/ี৤ ᙛཾ՗࣏ྥࠌᇄޥོ೰ӈগ౩Ᏸޟ௤ଆȄ5/൷அ࿜ఀधශϛ೰ӈᇄऋ׬ᜰ߽ඪюࢅ ᏽ Ȅ 6/ ᄇ ऋ ׬ ޥ ོ ϛ ޟ ೰ ӈ ୰ ᚠ ໌ ՗ ঱ Ᏸ Ϸ ݙ )Njudibn-! 2::5* Ȅȶ ೰ ӈ ȷ )sftqpotjcjmjuz*҆໸ԙ࣏ऋ׬ޥོϛ१ौޟኈ՗ϞΙȄ!

! ! Nbsujo! Ifjefhhfs ޟ Ᏸ ҡ Ȃ Ibot! Kpobt:

ӵ Ȳ ऋ ׬ ᇄ ೰ ӈ ȳ )Ufdiopmphz! boe! Sftqpotjcjmjuz*)Kpobt-!3115*ΙМϛ൷ࡾюȂ࿋фऋ׬ϐင׽ᡐΟ೨ӻΡ᜸՗ଢ଼ޟ ܒ፴ȂՄগ౩ᏰᜰЖޟ൷࢐Ρ᜸ޟ՗ଢ଼ȂӰԪগ౩Ᏸζ҆໸ौԤܚ׽ᡐȄ༈ಛޟগ౩ Ᏸ౩፣୅ۡΟΡ᜸՗ଢ଼ޟѲএ੫፴Ȉ2/ᄇܻߨΡ᜸ٱސޟ՗ଢ଼—ׇӒऋ׬ޟሴ୿—ӵ গ౩Ᏸΰ࢐ϛҳޟȇ3/গ౩Ᏸ࢐Ρ᜸ϛЖȂڏ༉ᜰЖΡ᜸ᜰ߽ȇ4/ΡܒϚོೝऋ׬ܚ ׽ᡐȇ5/গ౩ᏰܚᜰЖޟ࢐ӵΙএ३ۡޟਢުᕗცϞϛȄՄ൷ԃӣKpobtܚࡾюޟȂ ࿋фऋ׬ϐင׽ᡐΟܚԤޟٱ௑Ȃኇ៪Ӓ౨ޟཱིΨ໔໠৤ΟΙএࠉܚҐԤޟཱིޟ೰ӈ ७ ө Ȃ গ ౩ Ᏸ ҆ ໸ ԙ ߝ ڗ џ о ѓ ֤ ೻ এ ཱི ޟ ७ ө Ȅ Kpobt ၿ ඪ ю Ο ȶ ೰ ӈ ন ࠌ ȷ )qsjodjqmf!pg!sftqpotjcjmjuz*հ࣏ऋ׬ޥོϛগ౩Ᏸޟ੫኉ȂоဴѢΡঈ޸॒ଔ ުࠉޟၾኈဎ୛Ȅ! ! ! ӵ2:8:ԑ)़Мގ2:95ԑ*ѐշޟȮ೰ӈন౩Ȉ൶ײऋ׬ਢфޟগ౩ᏰȯΙਪϛȂ

9

Hans Jonas(1903-1993)䁢 Heidegger ⚃⣏䋞⣒⻇⫸ᷳᶨ炻℞ṾᶱṢ↮⇍㗗 Emmanuel Levinasˣ Hannah Arendt 冯 Herbart MarcuseˤJonas1903 ⸜䓇㕤⽟⚳炻1933 ⸜䓙㕤䲵䱡䘬従⭛徫⇘劙⚳炻㇘⼴⭂⯭⶜≺㕗✎᷎ả㔁㕤 ⶴỗἮ⣏⬠ˤ1950 ⸜䦣⯭≈㊧⣏炻1955 ⸜䦣⯭䲸䲬炻1976 ⸜徨ẹ炻1993 ⸜必㕤䲸䲬ˤJonas 斄㲐䥹㈨䘬ΐ䎮 ⬠炻㍸↢屔ảΐ䎮⬠䘬奨溆ˤᷣ天叿ἄ㚱烉˪䓇␥䎦尉—崘⎹⒚⬠䓇䈑⬠˫(The Phenomenon of Life: Toward a Philosophical Biology, 1966)ˣ˪屔ả⍇䎮—⮳㈦䥹㈨㗪ẋ䘬ΐ䎮⬠˫(The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age, 1979)ˣ˪婾䥹㈨ˣ慓⬠冯ΐ䎮⬠˫(Technik, Medizin und Ethik-Zur Praxis des Prinzips Verantwortung, 1985)䫱ˤ

Kpobt፵៉ΟIfjefhhfsᄇܻ౪фऋ׬ޟԆԤ፣ࡦՃȂࡾюΟȶ٥ٲᗵ឴ܻΡ᜸ׇᐌܒ ޟ஼σኇ៪Ψᇄၥྛޟ࢝ᆑȂٺΡ᜸Ψ໔ޟᘗቨբᓍ๿Ռר྅܈ᇄԆӵϞ໢ޟҭࣽȄȷ )Kpobt-!2:95*ȄKpobtॶӑ൷ᄇܻ༈ಛগ౩ᏰޟΡ᜸ϛЖкဎ)Bouspqpdfousjtn*໌ ՗Ο׳րȂтࡾюᐌএ༈ಛޟগ౩Ᏸ൷࢐ΙᆍΡ᜸ϛЖ፣ޟগ౩ᏰȂฒ፣࢐Bsjtupumf ޟኈ՗፣Ȃᗙ࢐அ࿜ఀޟيЖ፣Ȃࣥܖ࢐Jnn/!Lbouޟဎ୛፣ȃK/!T/!Njmmޟਝઉ፣ȃ ᗙ࢐ӨᆍၾኈࣺᄇкဎȂܚԤ೻ٲগ౩Ᏸ഍࢐ΙᆍΡ᜸ϛЖкဎޟগ౩ᏰȂ೻ٲগ౩ ӵҏ፴ΰ഍࢐Ιᆍȶߖຽᚔޟগ౩ȷ)Obfditufo.Fuijl*Ȃ։࢐Ԥ৯้ϞདྷȄȶߖຽᚔ ޟগ౩ȷӵҏ፴ΰ࢐Ιᆍкᡝΰܖкᡝ໢Ռࡡܖтࡡޟগ౩ᏰȂ࢐ᄇΡᇄΡϞ໢ޟၾ ኈᜰ߽ඪюޟೣጒڷघ؂ȄՄฒ፣ၾኈޟҬ኿࢐ӵܻՌҥȂᗙ࢐ӵܻኈ՗Ȃζฒ፣ၾ ኈޟ኿ྥ࢐এΡ՗࣏ޟϱӵྥࠌȂᗙ࢐ޥོ࠶घޟғဎڷѴӵೣጒȂ೻ٲগ౩Ᏸޟᄂ ፴ΰڏᄂ഍࢐ᄇΡϞ๡ᇄ᠌ցޟᜰݧȄ! ! ! ณՄ೻ኺޟΡ᜸ϛЖ፣ޟগ౩ᏰȂӵऋ׬ୈ࣏к৚ᡒᒮޟ౪фޥོϛȂϐငᡗ៩ юѺঈޟ೴мڷฒ૖࣏ΨȂӰ࣏Ѻঈӵऋ׬ޟฒҬޟܒޟᛁσΨ໔७ࠉ؂Йฒ๊ȂҐ ૖ ඪ ю Ι ᆍ ऋ ׬ ਢ ф ޟ ၾ ኈ ೰ ӈ ন ࠌ Ȅ Kpobt Ӱ Մ к ஻ Ι ᆍ ȶ ሉ ຽ ᚔ ޟ গ ౩ ȷ )Fuijl efs Gfsof*Ȅ೻ᆍȶሉຽᚔޟগ౩ȷ७ᄇޟϚӔ࢐Ρ᜸ᆠડܒޟၾኈ֨ცȂՄ ࢐ӵऋ׬ಛݽޟࡄ૏ήȂΡ᜸ܚᔖ࿋ܛᐊޟ೰ӈȄ೻ᆍ೰ӈޟҏ፴࢐ᄇՌณޟᜰݧޟ ဎ୛ȂՄϚ࢐ᄇΡޟᜰϸȄȶሉຽᚔޟগ౩ȷ࢐௃౪ӵޟΡ᜸ᄇܻϐငԆӵޟՌณڷ Ґپҡڼޟ೰ӈюีޟȂӰԪڏ߽࣏ΙᆍᜰݧΡ᜸ᇄՌณҡԆኺᄘޟԆԤ፣ȄՄ೻ኺ ޟ೰ӈন౩षҢLbouޟِۡхԒپᇳޟၗȂ൷࢐Ȉȶձޟ՗࣏ޟࡣݎौᇄઍғΡ᜸ҡ ࣀޟࡻδܒ߳ࡻঙৠȷ)Bdu!tp!uibu!uif!fggfdut!pg!zpvs!bdujpo!bsf!dpnqbujcmf! xjui!uif!qfsnbofodf!pg!hfovjof!ivnbo!mjgf/*Ȃڏ֏ۡޟߒႀלԒࠌ࢐Ȉȶձޟ ՗࣏ޟࡣݎϚ૖કᚽ೻ᆍҡࣀޟҐپџ૖ܒȄȷ)Bdu!tp!uibu!uif!fggfdut!pg!zpvs! bdujpo!bsf!opu!eftusvdujwf!pg!uif!gvuvsf!qpttjcjmjujft!pg!tvdi!mjgf/*!)Kpobt-! 2:95*Ȅ! ! ! ᄇܻKpobtՄِȂ೰ӈগ౩ޟনࠌ։ӵܻौؑΡ᜸՗ଢ଼ޟࡣݎौᄇՌณޟҐپڷ Ρ᜸ޟҐپ॒೰ȂܛᐊଔΡ᜸հ࣏ԇۤ໢୲ΙڎԤ॒೰૖ΨϞԆԤޟဎ୛Ȅ೻ኺΙᆍ ೰ӈন౩ޟ៮ΨȂкौࠌپՌܻᄇܻऋ׬џ૖ளپϞॳᓎޟႱ෈ȄҥܻΡ᜸џоႱ෈ ऋ׬Ψ໔ོளپ࢚ᆍแ࡙ޟ༌৛ᇄࡄ૏Ȃ໌ՄЖ౩ΰོ౰ҡৼាϞཐՄ૖ԤܚంีȂ Ԫ։Kpobtܚᒝޟȶৼាంีݲȷ)ifvsjtujdt!pg!gfbs*!)Kpobt-!2:95*Ȅһ։Ȃᙤ

ҥᄇܻऋ׬ܚџ૖ளپϞॳᓎᇄӠᐠޟৼាȂΡ᜸҆໸॒ଔ೰ӈȂବᄇ٥ٲৠܾڧ༌ ৛ޟȃ฻኷ޟЅৠܾԥᚽޟтޱȂѓࢂΟՌณᇄΡ᜸Ռ॒٘ଔ೰ӈȄՄ॒ଔ೰ӈޟΡ ᜸ᇄೝ߳៖ޟᄇຫ໢ࠌ࢐ΙᆍȶЮҔ೰ӈȷ)qbsfoubm!sftqpotjcjmjuz*ޟלԒȄ೻ ኺޟΙᆍЮҔᄇυτޟ೰ӈȂ࣏ΙᆍϚџଛޟᜰ߽ȂӰ࣏ЮҔᄇтޟࡆυڎԤϚџ௰ ڣޟဎ୛ȄӵԪᆍϚџଛޟᜰ߽ϞϛȂौؑז៖ޟ࢐৵ޱȂՄܛᐊז៖೰ӈޟࠌ࢐Ԥ ՗ଢ଼૖Ψޟ஼ޱȄྥԪȂࣺᄇܻΡ᜸ՄِȂՌณڷҐپޟҡڼ࢐৵ޱȂЎڏӵऋ׬ಛ ݽޟ஼σΨ໔७ࠉȂհ࣏৵ޱޟՌณڷҐپޟҡڼ؁ሯौ࿋фΡ᜸ܛᐊଔՌϏޟ೰ӈ ᇄဎ୛ȂՄ೻ζ൷࢐঱ᏰޟҐپȂζ࢐ՌณڷҡڼޟҐپ)Kpobt-!2:95*Ȅ! ! ! KpobtоЮҔᄇ࡟υτޟלԒौؑΡ᜸ᄇܻՌณᇄҐپ॒ଔ೰ӈȂھณතҰΟհ ࣏࿲ސϞ᡹ޟΡ᜸ฒџᗗջȃϚџ௰ڣՄ҆໸ܛᐊޟগ౩೰ӈȄณՄȂԃԪޟᢎᘈڏ ᄂٮҐ૖ၰಳڏܚ׳րޟȶΡ᜸ϛЖкဎȷȂζФી؁࣏׉ᢎޟҡᄘຜഏȄ࿋ф౏࡙ ҡᄘᏰ)effq!fdpmphz*։؁໌Ι؏Ӵᇯ࣏Ȃၾኈဎ୛ޟौؑ҆໸ᘗЅڗܚԤޟҡᄘ ࣨȇ౏࡙ҡᄘᏰၼଢ଼)effq!fdpmphz!npwfnfou*ζौؑΡ᜸҆໸ඳణΡୈ࣏ԇۤϛЖ ޟࡦՃ዁ԒȂᙽ඲࣏оҡᄘ࣏ϛЖ)fdpdfousjd*ޟᕗცগ౩ᏰࡦՃ዁ԒȄਘࡄ঱Ᏸড় Bsof!ObfttЅڏЛࡻޱܻ2:95ԑ൷ඪю౏࡙ҡᄘᏰޟΤᘈᆪሴоհ࣏՗ଢ଼ྥࠌ)ЕՌ ഌᄂฃȂ3113Ȃॲ233*Ȉ! Ӧౚ΢܌ԖΓᜪϷߚΓᜪғڮޑғӸᆶว৖೿Ԗځሽॶ)ӕကӷǺϣӧ ሽॶǵ໺܍ޑሽॶ*Ƕ೭٤ሽॶᐱҥܭ଺ࣁΓᜪޑҞޑޑπڀሽॶǶ! 2/!ᙦ൤ᆶӭኬޑғڮ׎Ԅૈᡏ౜೭٤ሽॶǴӭኬ܄ҁيΨڀԖϣӧሽ ॶǶ! 3/!ΓᜪؒԖ៾Κߺ෧೭ᅿᙦ൤ᆶӭኬ܄ǴନߚࢂӢࣁױᜢғӸ܌ሡǶ! 4/!ΓᜪғڮϷЎϯޑᕷᄪࢂҗϿኧΓว৖ᆶᐱ՞ޑǴߚΓᜪғڮޑᕷ ᄪΨा᎞೭٤ϿኧΓޑոΚǶ! 5/!౜ӧΓᜪࢂၸҽߺ෧ߚΓᜪШࣚǴ௃ݩВᅌൾϯǶ! 6/!ࡹ฼Ѹ໪অׯǶ೭٤ࡹ฼཮ቹៜډ୷ҁ࿶ᔮǵࣽמϷཀ᛽ࠠᄊޑ่ ᄬǶനࡕ่݀ஒ཮όӕܭ౜ӧޑ௃ݩǶ! 7/!ཀ᛽ࠠᄊޑׯᡂ೷ԋΓᜪғࢲࠔ፦ޑׯᡂ)ᖿӛڀᆒઓϣӧሽ፦ޑ ғࢲύ*Զόࢂѝӧा؃ނ፦ғࢲޑНѳޑගϲԶςǶ!

8/!Ь஭΢ॊӚᗺޑΓॺԖޔௗ܈໔ௗޑက୍ѐჴ፬೭٤ѸाޑׯᡂǶ! ! ! ౏࡙ҡᄘᏰᇯ࣏ՌณՌԆȂϚ࣏ΡԆȂԤڏϱӵҏ፴Ȅ௃౏࡙ҡᄘᏰюีȂȶҗ ៉ี৤ȷ)tvtubjobcjmjuz*ԙ࣏ᄇऋ׬ߒႀҡᄘᜰᛄޟ१ौ྅܈Ȅ2:98ԑᖒӫ୽ȶж ࣨᕗცᇄี৤ۏষོȷ)XDFE*ีߒCsvoeumboeൢ֙ਪȂڼӪ࣏ȮרঈӓӣޟҐپȯ)Pvs! Dpnnpo!Gvuvsf*ȂғԒත㎄ȶҗ៉ี৤ȷޟ౩܈ᇄۡဎȈࢋᅖٗ࿋фΡϞሯؑȂάϚ ӠЅήΙфΡᅖٗڏሯؑ૖ΨϞี৤Ȅᆧ௥๿2::3ԑᖒӫ୽ӵБՙ٨घѢ໠ȶӴ౨ଽ ৫ོȷ)Fbsui!Tvnnju*ȂีߒȮΠΪΙжकដแȯ)Bhfoeb!32*Ȃζ഍ೣგΟӒ౨ӓ ӣஈ՗җ៉ี৤ޟώհᙢყȄ! ! ! ᆣΰܚक़Ȃऋ׬ี৤ܚளپޟџ૖Ӓ౨ॳᓎᇄΡ᜸خᜲ้Ȃफ़ٺΡঈ҆໸؁ўཎ ᜋڗᄇ೻এжࣨᇄήΙфΡ᜸ޟϴҕ೰ӈޟ୰ᚠȂΡঈ୲ԤᄇՌ٘ᇄтΡޟ೎ცߒ౪ ю؁ଽޟϴҕ೰ӈগ౩ȂΡ᜸ޥོϗџ૖ᛧۡᆰࡻᇄҗ៉ี৤ȄӰԪȂऋ׬ޥོϛޟ ϴҕኈ՗ȂϚӔ༉࢐࡚ҳӵȶ࣏ϏՄԆȷՄϐȂՄ҆໸؁ߝሉӴўࡦՃᇄܛᐊΙᆍᄇ ܻтޱޟ೰ӈᇄဎ୛Ϟΰޟȶ࣏тޱԆȷޟϴҕޥོȄ! !

ӂȃ๖ᇭ!

! ! ࿋фޥོϐင࢐এଽ࡙ี৤ޟऋ׬ޥོȂԃդஉᎴΡঈӵऋ׬ޥོϛޟϴҕኈ ՗ȂоᑖྃӴᆰ៖ᇄቨ໌ӒΡ᜸ޥོޟӓӣցઉȂ࢐ऋ׬ޥོี৤ޟ१ौដᚠȂζԙ ࣏ϴҕఀىޟ१ौ፞ᚠȄٱᄂΰȂऋ׬ᔖ၎࢐հ࣏ႀڗΡ᜸ҬޟޟЙࢲᇄհҢȂϚᔖ Іႆپԙ࣏৚ڙΡܒޟώڎᡝفȄྥԪȂҏМ஼፡҆໸ᝒ๦Ӵࣼ࡟Ρ᜸МϽϛऋ׬ޟ ፒᚕُՓȂк஻ऋ׬ޥོϛ҆໸๝Ϡऋ׬ӵϴҕኈ՗ᇄϴҕఀىϛޟ१ौ՝ညȄࡸྱ ೻ኺޟᢎᘈȂऋ׬౰ࠢ҆໸ೝຜ࣏ڎԤϴӓܒՄԤᒦ೩ॎޱᇄٺҢޱޟҕк୤ᇄȂҥ ೩ॎޱȃٺҢޱᇄऋ׬౰ࠢέПҺៈϣଢ଼Մל༭ࣺᜰޟϴҕኈ՗ȄѪѴȂऋ׬ี৤ܚ џ૖ளپϞॳᓎᇄ୰ᚠȂζඪᒺΟӓӣҡࣀܻԪऋ׬ޥོϛޟܚԤΡ᜸ўݧཎڗ࣏Ο тޱޟӓӣցઉᇄ҆໸ӓӣܛᐊޟ೰ӈগ౩ȇоϚӣܻΡ᜸ϛЖᇳޟߖຽᚔগ౩Ȃ஼ ፡஠հ࣏тޱޟՌณ࿲ސȃҐپжфϞҡڼઽΣ೰ӈՃ໔ޟሉຽᚔগ౩Ȃζ࢐ऋ׬ޥ ོϛۦҐׇӒೝஅӰώแᐇיᇄ௡ڙϞ౩ܒΡ᜸ޟ१೰σӈȂ؁࢐ϴҕఀىޟ१ौϱ ొដᚠȄ!

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୤ՃМᝦ!

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