英國購屋貸款之探討

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(1)(47). *. l1.li1f$k.t~lt 1l. ~. •• fi• • M. •• rr.••••••••• ~. rn.~~~ ••• ~~ N.••••••• ~~ v.M• • • ~~. !4* W.•••• ~ •• ~~ W. • • • • ~~~~~ m •••• ~~.~~. I.ft~·M.·. ~.~~~*M. ••• ~~~. x.~.-~~~M. ••• ~.~. .~ •. •• mmmm~~A-~w.~~~ft±~~m.xm(~~.~A) '~Wm~ {:t~*~~~fdt ' E1 mr• .sp*mHj}~~A~~~ 'ilm~~ii.mil:~ (Mortgage). •• mm'~~~~~ffi~~.~~.~~~~~~o*~~~~•• noo*~~. ~~. ~~.mil:~2JI~lSl' [email protected]'". (Building Society) :tEmnoo~. ~*,~~~~~~~~~~:tEmnoo~-~~G,~~~~.mil:~z.~o *~~~+~,~-~m~~~~{:t~m.,.mrr~w.m.~Zg~,~.~. ••~~~W•• 'H~T$ ~~ii~.mil:~~~lSlo~~e~~~~.mil:[email protected]"'••AAlSl' .m~~w{:t~~~zm~~o~=em~~~.mil:~. ~T$@.~.:tE.m.~m~M~~~&m~tto.~e~~~.mil:~~~Wn. ~&~~~~m'~~WM~~~~~.m~.o.lie~M~~.mil:~mlSl'H. •. • M••~.~~m.mil:~AAlSlo~*e~-~~m~~-~~~.m~~~••~ no~te~ii~~•••~~m~~.mil:~~~mlSl'~m~~~.mil:~~~e mlSl ~/\eft£i&RV~~~I1~~W.mil:~MMmlSl ' :M!H~filiJl6~~ ~:h.e. 0. 0. ~~.m~~~~~-~~~:tE.mil:~noo~mlSl'~.filim~~~.mil:[email protected] ~~,ft~M~~W~~.mil:[email protected]. I~ft~~t"".&.ft~I!- •. .&)f;tt. ••m.~mlSl~~~~o{:t ••wm.,m~~&MA~~~~m{:t~oo~m,m~~A. m~{:t~*~~~.,{:t~~m.w-~~~~~~ ~m.±~~m.~g:. (~mW-~M.)~.,fttt"'~~.~~~.W-~mA~~~~*~m.m{:t~~ m~J&A~fj~n~Pl. ••{:t~ , :tE-~m;l;ltilJ!f.*ljtt"'~ ,{J3~11t!EJ Read!r.1l University. ~PJ}&:1If. •• ±1II!~.*'fIJ '" 30 .'" 3 JUI. (±jj!J1fJJBI~~I!!.~). 0. (No.l17) !l;1I 82 ~ 9 ". (~~). • •{:t. III Glasgon Universihy. (tE!tiif~.

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(3) ~1I.RUUt;z;~lf1. (49). ft~.~~~~ • • ~~mffi~~'Wfi~M~~~~~~~mffim~(tt6). ,.~. ~~.~~~~~-~,~~~~~~o. II .. *li)f;tt.Jl1r~ll-i>t~ -ftJiJTjf.~jf~. ~Ji>iIl!1Jm (jf~1!f'. TM). (Mortgage) })m.~1!f (ff~1!f' Borrowers) lIfm~g¥p Lenders) (:(£~IWj:J!~J!• •"" IHT " ~1rt0iij~ttB:1ifl. ,ti~raJ;ttff~' ~.~1!f~fig11.PJxf1m1l~.m1!f~-.~»tljf~:1i~. 1i~jf~~MmHIH~ (llfi1it~:P~20$ir:;(:j). 0. ;tt~. ,jf~Ji>iIl:(£~IWJ!~.m1!f~J&A&1fi. .fimm~1Jl~W~'. (llfi1itIiJiiJ\--fLnlGir:ti) '~~:1i~~~.' 1Hf1IJ~j:J!:l!.PJ (Annuity Mortgage) ,W1It.m. (1i~.) flX3l~iI~ 1fIJ1~~ (:(£~IWM Mortgage Ayrears ' :(£~~M Mortgage Default) ,~IIt.lJfiL ( jf~.) fl.lIf.m.~gfllJmm18. (:(£~IJM Possessions • :(£~IWM Foreclo sure) '.P.k~Jtll'Xf4;tt1fiflxff~ *,~,$~IE'I~.~:1i~. 0. ~1J~Mm~tt~~fl*.~,.~.*.:p'ffiW~.m~~~m$mm~~~. 1j\, 1I• •mg*~f:IiJO(~~*~*ftU~~) ~J.M. 0. ,.mjf~m~m.m.*,. ;ttllJ!M.PJ. m~~IW~M(rmtla~181!t*c*M)~PM~~~U:fm~{'Fii:~~WJtt~IkU'. ~m ~ 11 ~~~ .. jl jf~:flHH1!I". '. ~!ij1fijf~J!• •". (Building Society) (ff~r. iPimlI)D ' ~1~~f1IJ~ ~ WJ1!~.m:a~ffl.~.:(£1970$Rali~~j:J!~.m~~ 'i'?AJ!. . . .glT.mjf~m~~nuHii ' :Ml~F:l!J!.mfr~f1IJ~~m.~tt1fi~ ,j:J!})~.TMW;ttB~lI!ffl.~~~am~~~*oOO~:~~flTMlIfR• •ft( Saving Banks) ~Ul~{l!.:§:jf~~j:J!*i1J ' fU$M~1I1g;*!t! ' :Ml*.i"jf~;ljJft~ , ~~1&:Pmm.mjf~ ; iIf~1fRft(Commerical Banks):1iHii ' ~~flTM:(£1960$~ffilj rfj~. 0. ;ttjf~.~.m ':(£1970~R~*,J1fRfT~iH.nlG:Bt '~f4rm~.ft~z.lmflflA.1iI~ ~~. ' .R.{'F*.imJ£jf~ , W~:1iaTM(Local Authorities):1iiM-&m~:(£1975$ 0~xlli~~~*U'~:1iaTM1fimm~.mjf~'$ffi"m • •m.~.o~~~*, iJ~:(£1970~{~*M' J!• • trfl£mllfm:95%~1ItM.mjf~m$' ~nlG!lITJiijiM 0 J!~m1r~glTml7l' ~7:(£.mjf~~m$m.m~, !ij~:(£.mjf~fU$~.. (Building Socieities Association, BSA) 1fi~*,J~~ 0 If!:(£1930~1~*M ' . . . . .1;}.. e~fl£mjf~fU*m;tt .. jl~~ , ~J1960" 1970$R ~~~flj*nlGf£4§.~• • • • jl~j:~f/R.' ~~• •mfrw.mjf~~~.-&~J[. IUII!! ?Am~flj*~~~~z.m$.~' iim~;tt~.m*, 1it1itRlGf£ataftA..~1B 11 (tt7) • WmBHflj*~*. ' t!!~~RJiHtl1lt~kiWiI~ !iI?AJ!mm... ~glT~JE1g;flj*~f4.m1!f~$IHlHI ' ffifjpIMtff~1!f~flj~:Ml• • ~*m$~.~'~&m~.~m~o~~J!*~¥f1IJ~J!• • *~glT~§~IT' $IJ1980$it ' ~~m.. ~gllfi1i!l7l' (~~~2"""'1) ~.~ni1l' .ft~1981$21B* .liHiiflj;tt.mjf~m.tl ' 4§..m*,j~1lJ:t!!~.1.&. ' ffij1983-.®m.m.*~• • • • • jl (~D Abbey National ~=*m.mZJ!• •"') eE:15'1'M5lt0..... ~flJ$~fJJti , W~1;}.t!!~~~MfJHf~..~flj* ' m...jlftm$~ft~~ , 1986$J!• •lIP ( 1:. ,~mJ!mm1r~~0.. 0. 0. -3.

(4) (50 ). The Building Society Act. 1986). , ffii1989~m.m=®lt.~* *-2-1 ~. Abbey National m-m1"~~.ff. ~JfUI"'.$-~Ik .....&:stit. ft 1910 1973 1974 1915 1976 1977 1978 1919 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992. .. _.. .ir~n, ~lt.t6Hitl/[email protected]}jU1'* 0. ~&.1iifili~if~J!t)JL. (5t.tJI ,Net Advances). (lfi{fl : %). fiR. 87 69 60 76 92 94 94 82 80 68. 58 75 85 77 74 52 59 71. 74 78 78 .fl*iIi : Housiy Finance. Table 3.. i1ll:nili!cJ(if. fj'. 3. 6 12 22 17 2. 11. 4 2 2 3 5 9 7 24 36 24 12 22 18. -. -1 5 6 3 4 -2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -4. 34. 27 21 20 18 34 (1!!~.fl). f¥~i}i'\I. 3 6 8 2 3 3 1 4 5 3. -. 1 1 1 1 3 2. -. -1 -8. lit. 1&. 1 2 5 3 2. -. 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 9 12 13 9 7 7. 0. §~~~®.m~~m~B~.~~~~.~~OO' (m@.~*~~.m~~® ±W4Im:1f) ,#?&m1rtl.~.'§!~~.flf:7J~®tUir~.~7r' ~J1i1~fIjJil~• •• 'Tfii~JiJl\Irti!!.m?ai (its) ,?&mllffiiEi' m~ml(l.~ka:Jf! ' J1.m;lU~fl 1~~3B~'§'DIU9jdbJli!!*m~ifii!l~~~HI1it ' tmJft~rI!~f*• .§!~~m~B~.~;Jt M~M~m.m~~-~oifii••~m7JOO®~~~.~rI!.?&~~~*1'~~o~M IiJpglm?& ' ~fl$m(.i6 , ltimmm.~ff ' ffi 0 w~j.>fljm~MIJUl®ltim~~ (1'~'pJ:. ~flif~n~.m 'flP~'pJ:;lFlE~~M!I!ffmtmlht~iiJ!ijH~®fi~m::l:) 0 'I'?&n* ~pgA~.m~~~m®~~~~MM.®~*~~,ltim~~m~m.~~.*(i± 9) 'ffi~1'.~~flg~.m~~m~®~M!I!•• (@•••) ,~pg-~&.ff~ fl~~.m~~~~'.§.n*~.ff®~~~~,.~~*.~om~~~.m~~m ~AAm.®~~'~Jft~H~M.flM~~'i!!m~~~@••*~.~~~$®.~~ Ul'~T~M.~.~~@•••AAm.*~~o. III .. It.~-t (Buildirg SocIeties) .Jl.~OC. @•••~m§~tt®~M!I!•• ,.~~m~~tt'~::I:~l/J~fl~m:®.~. A®~~,@mm.m~~;§~~~~.::I:~®mA••~~&.m~~~••• o @••• m-m11€~~~1775~®{e~~ (Birmingham) 'fi~ Ketlegs -4.

(5) (51). ~1iiII.At.atz"M. Building Society; :!ij?J.tE1785~I¥J.m.lt (Leeds) tf!lf-~n.q Hill House Build ing Club ' !f.M~1iij!~~fll¥Jfljl~~m~20A ' Jit~i3WJi!mz.J! ' *jllmm :a:Jl~~". i!$IJ19ift*amM' ~~~1t::t~~W@~J!. (~) mmffij;Hi~:J!tifl. Itl¥Jfl jl , ~~~fl~Jft&:'~ftfrj,@,~N:flff~=a ' ffijJtiJfii~.m=al&fU,1 ' Jft~~R1G filflr~l!Irll#4 ~~~fltE1812~::t1i~)Eff~ , ffijtE1836~~I11im-lmij!~~*~~ (Regulation of Benefit Building Societies Act, 1836) 'tE1845~m-1i7.k~ ttl¥Jij!~~1t~.TI: 0 tE19"tlt*ar:J:t ' -iMt~ml¥Jij!~~1t1i100-200~*jlm. ' 1874if. ij!.~.~~.~~.~al¥J • • fi.ffij~i! • •1i±.otE~%.~.~~Mlf& 642~ij!~~* ' ffi~./J\mm ' tE1918--39~ , ij!~~ffJli£:~~lOffl ' ti~i*~ , 1940~lIlt~ , .I.~1&tJ[l%immilim ' ij!~~ftjij{S~1'1iJ! ' ft£1950~~ , fAAi31i 0. 0. mm~fi,ij!~~ff~~~~~,jij{S~~mJ!o. (l962~) ij!~~fll¥J.TI:~~#4• .yij!~~1t~~}jU• •. mtla!f.M. ~0a.J~1f) ~~FlIRfT~i:l''-J.$~' ~j:1f.H:fi!. ety 0. ft£1981~12J=j~. ,. '. :Ml~1:1-a.J. '. (1'. the Registrar of Friendly Soci. fi~IlI¥Jij!.~1t&:'~J!lOflMPJl:ft~A. • N:.1i~~. EI:l. ~ij!.~fl~1il[JVJ*,Ua. '1iJN:!JRftjl (Shareholder) fI1fii~&f¥lt*jl (Borrow ing member & Deposit menber) 'll'$Jl:' N:.l¥Jffjl:fi!MJtiJf¥~=affij~F.1i;g , mtla.;ilf1986~fi~UI¥Jij!• •ff~ , ftffij!~. fI'"6JKifii.B:WJtil.tf!"6J...R1Gflff 0a.Jm. (fgjf~~JHT~1fJ!ID ffij§iiUl¥Jij!~~ff"6Jft£$J!:J[.l¥Jfm.tifl ' tf!~i1 m~g.m~$J'~ffl~ft,~~ • •~,~*m.I¥J~.~ft~~~~ffm.~I¥J~ ft~1fJ.m.If'F ' ~W.:1i~1&i:l'f'F.~iliml!!1~ ,mtla186~~~~ff~ (Schedule 8) m)Eij!~~ft~.l~H~~""f~J~~)JIl$J: ®_ffDIl$J ,®ti.DIl~ '@1*Iflt!IlD1 ' @ miEDIlD1· @~ffll'BDIl$J , @±.DIl$J~ ~~.flPJft{~1i~~I3l*,J ; m-~ft{lt (Class 1) JI~i31ifi~.mjf~, ;ttr:p~9->J!1i75% (1993~1J=j~) l¥Jili• •~ ( Commerical Assets) (i:t10) J!~m-.t&~; (Class 2) JI~;ttft!!~F fi~m1im:f:ll!i£:g¥Pjt1*zjf~ ; m~.t&~ (Class 3) fllJ.~1IWg¥Pjt1*zjf~, ;ttr:pm=.wm~.t&~i:l'~*'l~l:t~11'mJm~25%l¥Jili • •i£: ' ffij¥~m'='I(ft{~~ 1'f~Jm~10%PJ • • ~i£:llRmU .'Bz ' ~~~.ft£ffJRiJCf{1i.mjflt$Y §iiU1ilmfjiJl ~~ft£.ffWN:~(~ffl~~m.' • • N:.WJN:~N:.~) ol¥Jm~*~,~~• • W.fil¥J)jJtgB1IW~*liI}j~7 ' §rrut~tbhff~Jitfi~.TI:1¥J Building Societies Conmission (BSC) jitjflfitJ, ffi±~-re~ Registav of Friendly Societies 0. 0. m=.ft{*". 0. 0. ij!~tbhfftE1869~~Il~i:l'1:1-* 1936~::t~~mJ!. .Jl ' ~. '. §iiU*lmf~lmJ!ij!~tbhff:l$)~;ttffjl. ;ttr:p15~EI:l~I!!1m!ili. Mark Boleat (i:tll). jll¥Jij!~:mfB. '. (Building Societies Association, BSA) ,$Il. '. 10~EI:l.*10~m)E 0. 1:1-fljit.~m~~. 1:1-ff:fi!~jlff*,l ' 1i35~~ , :!ij?J.10~EI:l1il~~ffm)E , §iiUj:~ , ~*~}jU:fi!flj$~mI¥JU)E , J;1;tt*.. ffirmif~:&flm1&.iliMi~$:§:. 0. 0. :!ij?J.~~.ffjl.Iajl~til1i. The. Chartered Building Societies Institute 1¥J.~1II11 ' i1m~g• •fiff ' tEa"".. :&• •~iito ~~~.~7tE.mjf~m~ID~1iJ!jij{S?J.(~iiUM~2-1) -5. ,tEMAI¥JR.f¥.

(6) (52). ~nOO~~~m~~~o~3-1.~e~~A.~ff~~m.~.m~~~~'~illm P.kfi~j1f.W:Jm.~. " .fJ~~ij(.It=:1!f-J~f~=:7tz.-mlSt ' JlJ1980~~m.~. ~~HA-~.l:ti71J ' ~3!:ftm:1991~m.~.~mAMfltff~f~~t$~iktla~t;nlG ' IIlF It."!h.fimAff~~m~o .t.3-1. *~!l1f-1f1A".. ~. oft. 1967. 1967. 1968. 1969. 1970. 1971. 1972. 1973. 1974. 1975. 1976. 1977. 1978. 1979. 1980. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989. 1990. 1991. II. ••. (Personal Sector Liguid Assets) :it-3-1tRtl:~;fl.~I::.~'l. .. f1iil'l : %). •. 24. 26. 28. 30. 32. 34. ,. 35. 35. 35. 39. 41. 44. -. fj. lilijljl£ • • • •. 30. 31. 32. 31. 31. 30 31. 34. 36. 33. 31. 28. 44. 28. 43. 31. 32. 17. 22. 21. 19. 23. 37. 43. 45. 58. 61. 65. 65. 53. 56. 53. 45. 34. 44 59. 54. 43. 71. 20. it : 197~DiIfl*47!1mtE}$ (Housekold) msr,·. mmA1'*o. i. I. 1&. ;It. 34. 12. 32. 11. 30. 10. 28. 26. 11. 11. 26. 10. 9. 9. 9. 10. 9. 9. 9. 9. 8. 24. 22. 19. 19. 18. 18. 18. 17. 17. 38. 19. 17. 16. 12. 10. 10. 4. -4 2. 91. 1979~~.::t.iIIAmsr' (personal Seetr). 1. 1. -. -. 1. -. iiJii'ffflll:j!fi!Ii'. fl*4*II: 1. Boleat 1982) .The Buildirg Society Indnshy. P.19 0 2. Honsing Fnanie. Table 22 • 1992 •. m."!h.1f.W:J4j*nu~~/J\. , $UEliW1992~JUIRJfll05*. , *If{~~ , ft£1890~fl2,795* ' ~~~-9f~~*1f{ ' ifff4j*mm~II?&!t*jlf~ , ;t;ttm."!h.fl~If{.*. m~m*a~m~~m~o~3-2I1lF~~*m."!h.~.*m.mm~~~t~illm PJ!&$H~~ifi~Qfl~-9f.tpm~ , 1991~.R~ruIi.**lt."!h*~.ifigt{~mflifi. ~~~nlG,ru=+**~mflifi~nnlG~Lo~3-3~II~iW+**lt."!h.~M&. m:.iI~lSto -6.

(7) (53 ). 5t1ll.~iU~:Z~iM. *. .!.3-2 f~. ~. :~i~;. Jt. (%). 00. fUr. ... Jt ~ ...A. it iii .~~. !m~m;. *iWIf~~. ft!im-fiiJi~. Jt. (%). f9lI. Jt. (%). f9lI. *' t'. ~;~~;. Jt. (%). 00. JltOC. .J!1J=~~. llTlfiJil. ft!i llTlfiJill Jt f9lI. Zm-lf'fil. (£m). (%). 371. 1930. 39.1. 14.4. 53.4. 11.6. 65.0. 1940. 38.0. 12.3. 50.3. 10.5. 60.7. 756 1,256. 1950. 37.3. 11.5. 48.9. 13.6. 62.5. 1960. 45.3. 11.6. 56.9. 11.7. 68.6. 3,166. 1970. 50.1. 14.2. 64.3. 13.1. 77.4. 10,819 24,204. 1975. 52.9. 15.3. 68.2. 14.2. 82.3. 1976. 53.7. 15.1. 68.8. 14.0. 82.8. 28,202. 1977. 53.6. 15.5. 69.2. 14.2. 83.3. 34,288. 1978. 54.4. 16.2. 70.6. 13.5. 84.0. 39,538. 1979. 55.0. 15.7. 70.7. 13.3. 84.1. 45,789. 1980. 55.4. 15.7. 71.0. 13.3. 84.3. 53,793. 1981. 55.1. 15.6. 70.7. 14.1. 84.8. 61,815. 1982. 55.7. 17.3. no. 13.3. 86.3. 73,033. 1983. 55.7. 17.6. 73.2. 13.8. 87.0. 85,868. 1984. 56.3. 17.2. 73.6. 14.1. 87.7. 102,688. 1985. 56.6. 19.9. 76.4. 12.1. 88.6. 120,764. 1986. 56.9. 19.8. 76.7. 12.7. 89.2. 140,603. 1987. 60.8. 18.5. 79.3. 10.6. 89.9. 160.097. 1988. 62.5. 18.2. 80.7. 10.1. 90.8. 188,844. 1989. 61.0. 18.1. 79.1. 10.8. 89.9. 187.012. 1990. 59.9. 19.8. 79.7. 11.5. 91.2. 216.848. 1991. 59.2. 21.8. 81.0. 11.5. 92.5. 243.980. JU4*lmi : Coles.. Adrian (1992). "Conceritration and Mergers in the Building Soucty Industry" , in. Housing Finemce, No. 16. PP. 6-13·. *~it]t-t- *-~Jt~.t-~~a WA.JltOC. .!.3-3. m. •. ~. .,. WI. 8. Halitax. 31.1.92. ". 'fil 58,814. Nationwide. 4.4.91. 31.138. Woolwich. 31.12.91. 20,212. Alliance and Leiester. 31.12.91. 18,121. Leeds Permanent. 30.9.91. 16,211. Cheltenham and Gloucester. 31.12.91. 14,775. Bradford and Bingley. 31.12.91. 11.913. National and Provincial. 31.12.91. 10,710. Britannia. 31.12.91. 8,523. Bristol and West. 31.12.91. 7,127. 'filf4*mi : Mark Boleut et al. (1992) ,Buildirg Societies the Reguiatong Forneivork, BSA, P.5·. -7. iii.

(8) (54 ). ~3-4mm7~~~~~.m~~~~~AA~±~~~,~~.m.~~~.p~ ~7m~~~~AA~,m~~~,,~~~*.pm~,~~~~m.~~~A~~* ~Jltij1J[J. JBtJfI. jijA~~1910~~63.A~U1911~~3,793.An!G~i~H! ' ;t~:tE 1970-1980~ftflU ?t.tifij1980~~~IVf- ' JBtJfI~~~.P~500~~~A~{.!i54.7% , ;Jt.~.PP~U.fff>t~5% ' J5{;Z. , JBtJfI~~~.~iMl5,OOO~~~A~f!i{.!i7.6% ' m;Jt.~.{.!itlfff>t~48% (E:12) ,~~;Z., ~.m.~~/J\.JBtJfI m~~fff>t~ m~A~*:ti ' .?t.tm:.@~jtJBtJfIA~P7ff~ §Dii (1991~) m~A~~700.A~ ~~470.A~ff~A~ §Dii~.1t:h~itlflftjijI*!~*9~6.4=f A ' ~lfIftjijI~1.5 =fA ' 2J!M:J~-~fI.~itlflftjijIllA ' :MilflftjijI2.6A ' m~m#1fI* ~3-5.~ iJ!.m.~~~:fH.m$t. , ~1991~~~.m~~~*!.~243,980s.~~ , ~tp80 %JI~'U~tii(~ , ifij:tEJaM:nOO*970%~JBtJfI~~ , 20%~ff~~ jlf~*2J!M:J~~. m~~~A~**9.f;j:tE150.A ' ~.~43,OOOs.~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. *.MJj!-Jt~~i".JlJ/:JU)t ' 1910-1991. .!.3-4 1. iFft. 2. i!.~ .~It. 4. 3. 5. ff. it m it 7tsttl /.f,f)Jihlr ft. A It A It 6 m~1t (TA) (TA) (TA). .. JIIlljLA. •. " "~ 7. ~. 1910. 1.723. 626. 1920. 1.271. 748. 8 I.f,f. 64. 19. 25. 1930. 1.449. 428. 720. 303. 45. 89. 1940. 2.088. 771. 1.503. 552. 142. 21. 1950. 2.256. 65. 1.50. 962. 205. 270. 1960. 3.910. 571. 2,349. 2.721. 222. 560. 9.788. 382. 1.954. 1970. 481. 2.016 10.265. 618. 3.655 24.116. 1.050. 1980. 273. 5,684 30.636. 915. 5,383 46.418. 6.309 48.915. 1981. 253. 6,162 33.388. 995. 5.490 47,716. 7.661 55,463. 1982. 6,480 36.607. 1,094. 5,645 49.102. 9,047 64,968. 1983. 6,643 37,711. 5,928 50,761 10,431 75,197. 1984. 6,816 39,380. 6,31. 1985. 6,926 39.996. 6,657 53,172. 1986. 40,559. 7,023 55,830. 1987. 41.965. 3.. 51,660 11,454 88.087. 7,182 59,315. 1988. 131. 1989. 126. 6,. 1990. 117. 6,051 36.948. 6,724 61,254. 1,397 43,081. 1991. 110. 5.921 37.925. 6,998 63.997. 1,492 42,948. Jin*1mt : Housiy. 43.816. 7,369 63,874. 36,805. 6,699 59.. 14,. Fincmce. Table 24.1992 • -8.

(9) ~. jtll.liftitZ~!M". (55 ). ,.. It. 1tJ.1f,t-f.i.1t 1'* *- '. *-3-5 £m. %. am:aat:tiillt. 117.519. 72.7. 49,517. 20.3. &&~1&It.. 3.094. 1.3. iJit!I/IJif.li. 11,,430. 4.7. 2,419. 1.0. 243,980. 100.0. ,. ~. 1& lit. iff4*iIJJi : f6Jft3-3. P.5 o. N. ~. % 80.7. 196.946. ~1&ilUltif.li. 3.943. 1.6. 39,514. 16.2. .~,I;}1fif.li. 1,992. 0.8. ~. 1,586. 0.6. 243.980. 100.00. 1& lit. •. -. _£. £m. .Ii. if. llIl:JIUltiftiillt ff!:f.i!(l!\tiillt ~ill!\. 1991if-Jil. '---. )f;tt,*,11l~~. d\. ~~.m~~~~~@~~~~.m~~~~~B.m(~~~~• • • )~lli~. ~'~~~B.m.~*fl~mm&m~~~Mro~~~~fl,mm~fl~~~m.~ ~~ft~~mm,~~~mmm~~&mmft.~.~m;Wffl~~~fl~~~~A~ ~If~. , tl[J;~fHt!~~~5'tiijlI '. Blm;ltii~mmjaiflf~. fl.~Bili~1f2--3~~~V~x~~If~. , tllJ*~~5't1JijlI , Jm~. , ~~~ ~ ~J!1JHiflf*m~~~.~ft~1J&g. wmm~~~o~~~B.m.tt-m~~Bili(fl~m.m)~~gWmm~ff~~( ~.mmm~~~.). '~~lli~~lfz.~~~&mm~~(~1'~m~~.~). 0. ~~~B.m~m.m~~~~A~~'mmft.~m~&~~Bili~~~*'~~~z lfi1m~. ' ~m;ltmf1f.m~~ 0 1I!tl[J*m~~mf1f~~iiH~mil~70"'80% (lfiif6~ ~100%). ,~i!ftl'fllli: • • 51-~*m~~mm,gtH,~·~~ ~jI~~1f. Indemnity Scheme Guarantee). 0. lfi~m.~f$Bili. ~n1G4Hi~f-J&~.~.Jf~2~7*JE:f... CM11i Standard. (Conveyancer, Solicitor). 0. 1f!.M~liUtt&fl.m~~~¥-i~U7*{!:Jm$B~~@~~~~~ &m~~ fl.m~~7*. (Mortgage Law) ... &¥-i~~BlI1.~.lr7*. ~fI~*JljUIIj. ~Jm. , ~*:ti¥.. m.~fEjm7*. (Consumer Credit Act, CCA) , (~~ • •7* Building Society Act) ~ 0 .m~~7*iI.lr. ' ~1ifjl§tlYlf)lf*i!fHlmJlmm ; :!ij-~ft!1i1'fiI§1fIl~1i7,1:J1'~ZP:~~~ , ~ Jlj{J{IjJJ!m~tf ' 1I!:ftIt~~~'I'ft!1iftl§tE1:EfiU~IYI)if~m~J~~ , m1iJ{U1'Nf1f~Mf3: fiU.mffifWJl:~~ :!ij51-~~m.~mmB.5't$Um.~fEjm7* (the CCA 1974) ~ ,tJIIm-JltH1t. : -~iI~~lt '. tllJ*ft!1i1'fil§~~~~*'-1. (tlUfl~~J{U.~m1i). 0. m$B'~~~1'~fl~~B.W~mmflm.~B.'~7*~B.~.a~,.~~m. ~*&ft!~:tfm~*&m~~m~*Z.mi.m~flm~. , m.JIt~~~itRiH~15,OOO~ j<JflP1'fil§~m, ftSI~-I8iW~' m.~fEjm~~.m:R~~.1'* .1E~• • m~it ~~~• • • ~ (Building Society Act 1986) J1t7*;Jt.flllfiMf~126fl¥ ' ;lt~~~ • • ~~~fl~~~m$B fflJtlUm35.m~~~• •mm~~1'fil§~mit~fl1:EfiU.flJ: ~~~ftMIU9f (tllJ~lfi'nIU9f) f'F~~*' ll~-.!JlU9f»!?t~O~~ , W~IMt~ff.~1' 0. 0. 0. -9.

(10) (56 ). ~~.~.$m.'ffi~~n$(~~M~~.n)~*,~~~~~,~~~~Jt~. 1f"fJ;{I!)j(o -~lIi4m~~1J~®~Mj:I!1!!flS~~mlf ~)('pJJi!~1JA®.ft4t~. '. ~Ij*. '. WII1N.&JIt~1JA~l!Bl!ftj:. , ;1t , -&gtmrmll ~~IIJli~~®3It~1J~1f1f~fI' ffij:1! 0. ~r,U=tm1J~4tmjjffl. : <DtiWI*~IJ~~reI~flJi!n;;:t (Repayment Mortgage, or Annuity Mortgege) , Jlt1JA!J)\m• •jjffl1JA ' J:7tiWI (F.J) flMreI~~m, 1J1WI 1->Wf*~~m~lJ~ , ~WI~m*~1->1f~IjJ~, ° ®1¥Jt~~fl3It1J~ (Endowment Mortgage) 'Jlt&Hil(W1¥~ff1t61S' Ul!1¥~~JWI (Mature) W~!tWI/lR (Tevm) :f~ IQ] , m;JltWim~=i,Rf'f~U)~,t:€i~~=i ' IQ]WiMf*Jt (Premium) t:€i1¥~1}iiJ ' m;4t~ 'I'~~~jWIWi. '. 1¥~1}iiJ-~~*~Mt:€i~fiIt~tI ,JltI'i)(!Z9f*~M.~~1!!-ft~IJfi. (. Non-Profit or with-profits policies) zf*~1J~m;1f~fI.ft ° ~J:jzjj;=flz5'f. ' fftl1f~ilIl~~.Jli~.~j]t5C~~®:fJJWI~~t5C1-> '~WIM~t5C~®1JA (Low Start Repayment Mortgage) 'Unit Linked Mortgages' JltJ:7W.~mt~m$ff1t61S® Itlt1J;;:t , ffiJil.~t5e* ; Pension Linked Mortgages ' JltJ:7~mf*~:f~t61S®.~1J. A. (1'i~~:1J[JJ1£1}fJt~1JA) ~::fIQ]1JA' 'I"?&~fI::fIQ]Ji!~1JA. jf~jlffl~::f/iiJmm.. '. ~1f;1t~Ijf¥. 1§I~~~~U*®~~~;1tIHt. '. !Z9~:&mmJil.~~. ° (IU3). '. .Jli~~nA-&1f~.. 0. -i!t~~~IJ*tt9~~J:7~. ~gll@~tt.~jf~{JHlm~. 'ffi~liJ!f.WJ (1970~ftzHiJ) ~~.~.~Il$gllT :&jij(J&jij(.~.IIi4§!~~~U*~;1tf&~'J$m{fiif.re. ' ffil§l;S:iiltg)j(tt9Jt:1J[] , t.re~~~Ij$ ~$~. ' m;~ltJf~£*~IJ* (Base Rate) Im!EreI~fHJ~ ° m.m:~*;t:tJf ' .Jli~ ~~lJ$*~ifljlli£*~Ij$1.5% (;1t~l%"VjlnlG*' O.5%m5l~~Ij$\1) (IU4) ° ~5'f.EB~~Ij$tt9reI~.r-IlIJ ' Ul!t4~~1JA1fm::f/iiJ ' ~iJ*~'pJr-IlIJ~U$mj: , llfEiiJ .t;.(:t£-~WII1N.!IlP9~~reI~WGr-IlIJ1JA (~Jtl[)j{.li~'pJreI~~Ij$' .PJ~20~r-IlIJ~lj$. ) 'Jlt.~~.If~~~. (Saving and Loans Association) ~'pJ;f!tWIreI~~IJ$1f m::f/iiJ (ffi S&Ls -&!Z9Jlt:t£1980~ft ,~Ij**(tItI!lIJm;3finlG1f~~M~~JJHtj:) ° 0. 'I"?&r-IlIJ®.~~.l.-~jj::a:~M*. (Retail Price Fnder) WG~~IJ*-&.1fmm:f4 0. .~~ltmlf~~/lR®~~~.ft. '. ;1t.mjf~mm.!J)\1fPJT::f/iiJ. 0. ~ltmlf®~~. '~7~.~~mJli®.M5'f.(EB • • ~~.~~~.~~M~**~~). ,j:I!~~. LI.§!=i®j!~tl~j] ,jjm~~mlf~mtmlA~PJT1t®3ffl (JltJ:7lMPJTf~H1iti. Multiples). 'N:1JIlJ:~~;1tf&nlGjiPJTft, WG~~1Sf#PJTt4tt92ffl. ~/lR4t;f!tiiJjl35~. (i±15). 0. Income .Jli~~. , -~EBm~=i~.~Ji!~~.1.J ~n~~20~' 25~WG30~zWI/lR '. ?&.*.mg*WGtmlAjf~jlffl,.m~~jjm.~HiJmfl,-~~~.mjf~®~/lR. *~~:t\~. (tt16). ''I"?&-&.!Z9.Jlim;Im!E~5'f.~~. 0. ~iJ**.m~~tt9-tmlml!~m~~~IIi4Jli~~il~{t "~i!i~~ffI~~m:ll. (Securitization) Mlfi. (tt17) ,tl[)Jlt::fffiiiJiI! , Ml.§.~IIi4§!~~tt9~Ij*-&iiJ!Z9Jlt~f.re ' ~:1i~I.(~.~.. (Secondary Mortgage Market). ~1k• • ®ft~vrellJ'M:~ifIj. ~1986~~$~!J)\:1JIlJdiJ!:!::m~ 'UI!~~~.iiJ'pJfin1tf*.~ 10. (Mortgage Bock.

(11) ~1I.!i!1!f~z.t-t. (51). ed Securities) ,§ frj~IiUtl9t:pt;g¥fJmm~m#HJi1&'J\ ,. ~1987~5J3 ~1991~12fJ. , ~~~ff67~g¥!t.~ ,~f{mll,6498.~~ (litI8) jjuVJ**.mj1f~tEm1:f iMjlff~~nX~~rdj , fIti~tt~ m~~• • tl9.m~~~~~1:f~,~~tl9-@~~~~~~~~o~~~.m~ ~1'fU!~Llg¥fJ~tl91Jtflti ' ffijJ3.mm.m:lftl9ii~ftg1J ' ~J~1>~~l\lft • ffij~~PJf 0. 0. ~~H~~ f1j~. 0. (Income Multipliers) ~fiS1JtBifj~m*U~J!Jl.~~f.IHfttl9I!*!!YM~~~ 'I"?t.t~p~ntftltW~tHt{~~lt~1(&*~ff4. it~1:f~tl9~tJft;J!~~1'ii\.~1Jtl9~lI. ' '. ;ttmlUl~1r*u~Mt:lfW~~fJ. '. m.-~.m. ~~l1hili!l!.1tl5!~1Jtl9ml!1:f~. , :lilli (t{:19) ,fmUi , BIj~~ijij~flff;fIJ.m:lftl9~~1:f;t\ , 'I"?&9!I!i&. fiXlif]~pgmffmffiif*itm~ '~Jflm~U~~itftt~:P;fIj,§~ffi1:f;t\ ~1IIJ. '. llfE5!f.fi!~mff9!1Juffi1[ft~. J&mlUl~1rtl9lEit (~l1~~m~ft;~) fi*ffijff~fttl9~~. 0. ,~oJtt~.m~~:lfitJ~J1'lUI4imA1'~tl9fi~. ~9f.tE~lilX;fIJ~tl9~tJ1t;J!~lilX~~tl9fi{1!~30~!!Y~~11~**. .m~~5!~1Jtl9§~,.?t.t~pgm@1:fiMjlff~~~1:f5!~~~~,~t:pi&~~1rtl9. ~~lEit*:fl!IUI.. '. 5!7~;JUmm.. 0. V ' "~JllmjfexMlSl. *~it~*. fllDl!I1t '. )f;%t.JJL~x.. (Departmartneit of Environment) !;Jiut~1(& (Building Societies Association) 4ifJ::;;It~*;iiff5%.m~~:f~t;$:tl9M. '. ~l!Illltm$. .£. Jlt$1]}fi*l-fEl'l"~Ml. ~;tRlSl~mH]}. ' JIIJ(mmtl9f-ffl ' ~J&lIIm~ • 'I"?t.tJlt$1]} .R:fl!lt~1(&*tl9l11mjf~MlSl • ffij~tftliUlH=r (Bank of '. ±1!1!J.mfi~:lftl9.11. England) tf!*flm.fi$1]}~m~tl9fi*l-' ~).m~~.Jt~ ~XfbltefJ:::lilliff~fi 0. ~wtijij~~.~Jllm~lilXfJl.lSlo. ~~wtEJJjfi~:lf.tt;tRlSl. 0. ~5-I1iffi~m!HlffJ::*~~.mJ!tlm:lftl91tf?lJ*~~. fti-* ' ffijI99IfJ::fi*l-.$ , ~~lIIm:lft:p '~)'ffinXJL~FPJffti.Jtf?lJ:lii'ili (~~-*) , ;tt~-*mJjjtmffifIH±~:lf ' ffijJjjt~~rdjffim{±~:lf~~Mm.ltf?lJ~iWi~Jjjt~I!I~:lf , .$iW:lfMm~*~1i:lf~r.U ' ljJ\WG.f!m:lfzMmftl§1JJ!{±~ijii;fIjtl91'~PJf~ ~ 0. 5-2wtEJJjMm~lilX:lftl9~PJf~~~;tRlSl·ijij.1iffi~~Jllm:lftl9PJf~~.Jttlm:lf~'~ t:p~~tl9Mm:lf~iiT~tEIi§t5'T~if~2i§t~~Zrdj (~~lffM fJ iiT5i§t.¥6.5i§tZOO) o~5-3;ii-~~mMm~~:lftl9fJ::ti;tRlSl,tf!itJEJJj.1iffi~~.m:lftl9fJ::ti~tlm:lf. i1$fJ::tl1! ' -lfgtlf! !$jMm fJ::ti ~~Mm:lf tttlm:lf ~'J\li~tr:ti ' JltJij rrHz.tt.PJT~;tRlSlfEl ~ , ffif~I!I~~Mm:lft:p • 25~~Xf~Pff30% ' U$fJ::tl1!:lfMmttf?lJfEI'I"iWi • ffij*~f{ .m:lf~~~tE25"""'34~ZIY1 • -lfgtfJ::ti.m~55~~)'J:BD1&:PffJllmjf1it 0. ~~~EJJjJllm~~:lfJIIRmmtl9~~M~o~5-4wtEJJjMmjf~~~;tRm,itJ~1i. ffi~~Mmill~~~J!~ftt;t\mmi1$±'~~~~~Z-tr:ti,~~~~&~.tf!~~ ~~~z-m~'lli~*JIIR~ • • ~~1Jn,ffijMR~~mm~~~1>,~~JltJijllifJ::. *m~Jij~~tl9J:$fflUloffijtlm:lfJ!~*Mm:lf~Jlt.PJTMRtl9{±~~~tf!ffU~1'~. ,. ~~Mm:lf~).~~mmm±~fti45%. • ~~&~.;tt~ , ~~fti~~z- , f&1>~~ -11.

(12) (58). (IJfli.. it. f¥. It. ~. i1m~mm.. i1m~mm.. ~/lQtI:!i{:i. !i{:i. IJ. •. ~ ~. ~. JL fS. ,.. ~. It i1m~tI::Jtflll. !i{:i f~·!1#. fi. : %) Jiit. 1980. 47.0. 53.0. 1981. 49.5. 50.5. 1982. 54.3. 45.7. 1983. 52.8. 47.2. 1984. 52.3. 47.7. 1985. 52.9. 47.1. 1986. 50.3. 49.7. 1987. 48.2. 51.8. 1988. 47.3. 52.7. 1989. 52.4. 47.6. 1990. 53.0. 47.0. 1991. 12. 24. 7. 4. 47. ::ff. 53. i. ff*,*1! : Sample Survey of Building Society Mortgages.. f¥. m. ff. (~.). ~. liIS •. III ::ff. It. ~. •. II ::ff. ,.. (1lIfli. : %) II. 10,OOO~.P...r"F. 11. 14. 8. 10,000-11,999. 8. 10. 6. 12,000-14.999. 15. 13. 12. 15,000-19.999. 25. 28. 22. 20,000-24,999. 17. 15. 18. 25,000-29,999. 10. 7. 11. 30,000-39,999. 9. 5. 12. 40,000-49,999. 3. 1. 5. 50,Ooo~.PLt. 3. 1. 4. -12. ::ff.

(13) i ~. f. .......... (59 ). ~1I • .!I.~z~f1. .t.5-3. ~IQAl"'.& jf~:t"'''JRiJ(.. , 1980-91. (.{It: %). li~• •tt. ljIl;iJ~.. 25liit.I;.{r. 25-34liit. 35-44liit. 45-54.. 55liit.I;.{l:. 36.0 33.8 31.2 29.8 31.4 31.5 31.9 31.8 31.3. 12.1 13.3 15.6 17.5 16.7 16.0 15.8. 28.1 30.0 30.0. 45.3 43.6 40.0 40.0 41.2 40.9 41.3 40.1 38.8 37.9 40.6 45.0. 4.8 6.1 8.5 8.5 7.3 7.1 6.8 7.0 7.7 8.6 7.0 5.0. 1.8 3.2 4.7 4.2 3.4 4.5 4.1 5.4 7.4 10.2 7.9. 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.1 5.8 5.6 6.2 7.0 8.8 8.9 7.8 7.0. 50.0 49.6 48.1 44.4 43.3 42.8 41.8 42.0 43.6 43.9 43.3 43.0. 27.7 27.9 29.2 32.4 31.9 31.9 32.3 30.7 28.1 28.6 29.7 29.0. 11.8 12.0 12.0. 3.5 3.8 4.1. 12.6 14.1 14.3 14.1 13.8 13.3 12.8 13.4 14.0. 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.8 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.9 7.0. 35. 35. 35. 36. 36. 37. 37. 37. 36. 36. 36. 37. 20.6 20.1 20.0 18.6 19.2 19.3 19.1 18.9 19.5 18.9 19.6 17.0. 47.8 46.6 43.7 42.1 42.2 41.8 41.4 41.1 41.2 40.6 41.9 44.0. 20.4 20.7 21.8 24.5 23.9 23.5 24.0 23.5 21.6 21.4 21.':> 22.0. 8.5 9.1 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.6. 2.7 3.5 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.9 4.9 5.9 6.8 8.1. 32. 33. 33. 34. 33. 34. 34. 34. 34. 35. \~.~. ,.~. "M. 10.0. 6.0. I. 1980. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989. 1990. 1991. 15.7 14.6 14.9 14.5 15.0. 29. 30. 31. 31. 31. 31. 31. 31. 32. 34. 33. 31. 5.0. _.!Itt. .. 1980. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989. 1990. 1991. ~$IlI.:ft. 1980. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989. 1990. 1991. Jl*,,"*l/Il :. 1. 1liJ~5-1. I. 0. -13. 1. I. 34.

(14) (60 ). ~. .8U. ~. all!. !!. f1t. ~. **. ~~.m:=If. ;!I(. 0. flll. :it. 1980. 6.5. 6.1. 28.8. 43.6. 15.0. 0.1. 1981. 5.3. 4.9. 29.3. 45.3. 15.0. 0.1. 1982. 5.1. 4.4. 29.9. 45.9. 14.6. 0.1. 5.0. 5.0. 30.6. 43.8. 15.6. 0.1 0.1. 1983. 1984. 5.1. 5.4. 28.5. 43.2. 17.8. 1985. 4.4. 4.8. 27.3. 44.1. 19.4. 0.1. 1986. 4.2. 5.3. 27.0. 43.4. 20.1. 0.1. 1987. 3.9. 5.0. 26.8. 45.1. 19.2. 0.1. 1988. 3.5. 4.3. 25.6. 44.0. 22.5. 0.1. 1989. 3.2. 3.1. 24.3. 46.1. 22.9. 0.4. 1990. 3.6. 4.4. 23.3. 44.8. 23.5. 0.5. 1991. 4.0. 5.1. 23.9. 42.9. 23.5. 0.6. 1980. 12.0. 31.7. 34.2. 17.9. 4.1. 0.1. 1981. 11.8. 29.8. 34.0. 19.4. 4.8. 0.1. 1982. 12.4. 29.0. 35.4. 18.5. 4.5. 0.1. 1983. 12.1. 31.2. 33.6. 18.3. 4.8. 0.1. 1984. 11.7. 28.9. 33.7. 19.9. 5.6. 0.1. 1985. 11.6. 27.4. 33.4. 21.7. 5.9. 0.1. 1986. 11.3. 28.0. 32.5. 21.7. 6.4. 0.2. ~m=lf. 1987. 11.2. 26.3. 32.1. 23.2. 9.1. 0.1. 1988. 9.9. 24.3. 31.6. 25.3. 8.6. 0.3. 1989. 9.5. 21.1. 32.3. 27.4. 8.8. 0.7. 1990. 9.5. 25.0. 29.5. 25.9. 9.3. 0.9. 1991. 9.8. 26.3. 30.0. 23.9. 9.2. 0.8. 1980. 9.4. 19.6. 31.6. 32.0. 9.3. 0.1. 1981. 8.6. 17.5. 31.7. 32.3. 9.9. 0.1. 1982. 8.4. 15.7. 32.4. 33.4. 10.0. 0.1. 1983. 8.3. 17.3. 32.1. 31.8. 10.5. 0.1. 1984. 8.2. 16.6. 31.0. 32.1. 12.0. 0.1. ~ms.m=lf. 1985. 7.8. 15.4. 30.1. 33.6. 13.0. 0.1. 1986. 7.7. 16.6. 29.8. 32.6. 13.3. 0.1. 1987. 7.7. 16.0. 29.5. 33.7. 13.0. 0.1. 1988. 6.9. 14.8. 28.8. 34.2. 15.2. 0.2. 1989. 6.2. 11.7. 28.6. 37.3. 16.2. 0.5. 1990. 6.3. 13.9. 26.1. 36.0. 16.9. 0.7. 1991. 7.1. 16.3. 27.1. 32.8. 15.9. 0.7. I. -14.

(15) ~1ilII.mjU'l::Zf'lllM. (61). l!fC1?dlU!m:nHl! ; l5iz '. ~M:1f. '. If.WlPJ~#tfl]~l!fCfti~Itf.J1~Ht!i=?tZ-. , m:~*~#t. 31U(&~I!fCf.J1§.ftilm?t z. - , 13.Zij!m:.~I!fCIVJ.ff!!m:1f~ltgr~Jlm:1fJ:t f?lJ~ l:f:Hff~ i£Mti1ilIff ' ~5-5~llilffmJ!tIfMPJffti12% ' m:1L~A~m ' ~*JlJ!60'""'70~t19 ::Jt"!J}mfl"lm?tz-PJJ: ' ftif§1it*:t19ltf?lJ ' ffijff!!m:1fJlJ!!J}mt19mfi~ltgr~Jlm:1f ~tIf i£~ 5-6 !J}ra'~§ (lI.tl~lIfffJt*!J\) 1ilIff' If.Wl5--6 rd]~~~ , m:~*.J!!J} mlVJ.t19• •~~!J}OOIt (lIff.*~) '400!J}OOl5iA~~'~.=?tZ-;ffij.~ 0. 0. .m:1ff.Jm:-*~J!4M!J}OO~r!J}m~ff!!m:1fPJfJ!t19!J}oo~~~,~~m~IVJ.~~. 5 - 7!J}mmt1i1ilIff ' .mji~:1fPJ 120.--240 1.4.~t19!J}lMftilR~1t ' f.Jfti *ti::ti ' ~.500• •~t19!J}.:r1'~U-~' (ffi~~JU.!J}mffi1fOO'1r) ; 1f~.~. M:1fPJfJ!t19m.:rIVJ.a1J~J:!::~m:1fOO'1r ' f?lJt.l[)160• • ~PJr!J}m ' .~.m:1ffl"jftfm: -*J:tf?lJ ' ffij~m:1f.Rfl"15% ' ~.500• •~t19!J}.:r ' .~.m:1f.Rfl"2%ffij~m:1ffl" 12% o. ~. 0. ,*-5-5. lit. Wi. "*BlMJf-M-& 'i';tt& &&"J!J:.lJt. <.til: %). ~. lit. it. 'it. 1960Z.. 1940-1960. 1919-1939. 1919~Z1iiI. ~$IIIUI:ft. 1980. 14.6. 85.4. 31.1. 8.3. 18.4. 27.7. 1981. 12.2. 87.8. 32.7. 9.0. 17.8. 28.3. 1982. 11.0. 89.0. 32.9. 11.2. 17.9. 27.0. 1983. 11.6. 88.4. 33.7. 11.6. 17.5. 25.6. 1984. 12.1. 87.9. 33.2. 10.8. 16.8. 27.1. 1985. 11.1. 88.9. 32.8. 10.9. 16.7. 28.5. 1986. 10.1. 90.0. 35.1. 10.1. 16.7. 28.1. 1987. 10.2. 89.8. 36.5. 10.8. 16.1. 26.4. 1988. 10.0. 89.9. 35.3. 11.3. 16.2. 27.1. 1989. 10.7. 89.1. 32.1. 13.1. 15.0. 28.3. 1990. 11.7. 88.1. 33.6. 11.9. 14.4. 28.2. 1991. 12.0. 88.0. 35.0. 11.0. 15.0. 27.0. 10.0. 90.0. 32.0. 12.0. 16.0. 32.0. 13.0. 87.0. 38.0. 11.0. 16.0. tt~.m:ft. 1991. ftlit:ft 1991. - JUl*l&t : r.!If.t5-1. ~ ... -15. ,. 23.0.

(16) (62 ). (.IflU'z.:. %). 41111,Cf"F. 5l1li. 6l1li. 71111~"(J:.. 20.7. 31.1. 29.8. 17.7. :t;lmllllA'Uf 1980 1981. 22.1. 33.0. 29.0. 15.3. 1982. 23.4. 33.9. 28.8. 13.9. 1983. 24.7. 33.3. 27.0. 15.0 13.7 13.1. 1984. 28.5. 31.6. 26.1. 1985. 30.1. 33.3. 25.5. 1986. 32.4. 31.3. 23.4. 12.8. 1987. 33.2. 31.1. 22.7. 12.3. 1988. 35.7. 30.9. 21.9. 11.5. 1989. 38.2. 30.9. 19.7. 11.2. 1990. 36.7. 29.4. 20.3. 13.6. 1991. 36.0. 28.7. 20.9. 14.4. 48.1. 29.1. 16.4. 6.4. 25.2. 28.4. 24.9. 21.5. tt~.M=if. 1991. .Ji=if 1991. (.IflU'z. : %) 9J. fill. 1~" (£). (:40.m (I». :t:SllII I! =if. tt~llIIJm=if. fA. I!. £25,OOOP..{r (I 100;!ltJ:..(r). 8. 13. 3. £ 25,000-29,999 (I 100-120;!lt). 6. 9. 3. £ 30,000-39,999 (I 120-160;!lt). 15. 22. 9. £40,000-49,999 (1160-200.). 18. 22. 14. £50,000-59,999 (1200-240.). 15. 14. 15. £60,000-69,999 (1240-280.). 11. 8. 13. £70,000-79,999 (1280-320.). 7. 4. 10. £80,000-99,999 (1320-400.). 9. 4. 14. £100,000-124,999 (1400-500.) 5. 2. 8. £ 125,000-149,999 (1500-600.) 3. 1. 5. £150,000-199,999 (1600-800.). 3. 1. 4. £200,000P..{J:. (1800.). 2. -. 3. -16. =if.

(17) ~1l"1I:R~Ztl!M. *-5-8. (63 ). ~ II A! ... Jl,& 'fit:t...if ~ & ,& 'fiUJi J.t. (f' fJht· _. ~ &11 :t.. ~!::. iltj). <flitil: ~. --_ .•..... tt. 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 _.. _-_ 1991 .... I. 55.1 59.8 66.7 67.1 67.1 66.8 64.3 63.0 61.8 62.7 64.0 67.1. _. fl~*1.11. ~. II. fi. II. 1t~lIIl1iff. ffi'fiSIi. 55.9 61.8 68.4 68.4 69.3 70.2 70.8 69.0 68.4 67.9 69.4 70.2. 55.8 61.5 68.2 68.2 69.0 69.7 70.0 68.2 67.6 67.1 68.6 69.7. -. 46.1 51.1 56.5 57.4 58.5 59.2 60.1 59.0 58.5 57.5 59.3 62.5. --. ... ~~llIIlIiff. 50%PXf 50-55% 55-60% 60-65% 65-70% 70-75% 75-80% 80-85% 85-90% 90-95% 95-100%20 100%&I00%Pl..t. -. 1t. ~. 15 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 11 20 14. III II =i. ill. iii. =i. 23. 6 3 2 2 2 3 4 5 7 13. 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 9 11 15. 30 23. ~- .......... : 1&'1.5-1. ....5-10. Jt. 3.SPl..t. -~.. ~IIJl,&itit:t..&'&'fit_J.t~~JROC' 1991'". :Rit~M~S1RZJtWtl. 0.5Plr 0.5-0.99 1.0-1.49 1.5-l.99 2.0-2.49 2.5-2.99 3.0-3.49. iff. : 1&'1.5-1 *-5-9. fl~*1.11. II. fA. 73.8 79.1 85.1 85.1 84.7 85.3 86.1 84.7 84.8 82.9 82.5 82.7 L-. _ _ _. %). ~1I.,&itit*-~itit*PJt4f:t..~""JJROC' 1991'". ill. ~. . . . iii iff 1 4 9 19 28. :. 23 10 6. .~*. F<ilft5-1 -17. 1t. ~. .. iii iff 3 7 18 29 25 11 6. •. iii 1 5 11 20 27 22 9 5. iff.

(18) (64 ). (,lfl{ft: %) {-'?; 110PXf. ~. 10~. 1-144=. 15~. ~6-194=. 20~. ~1-24~ 25~ 26-29~ 30~ 31-34~. 2jS7J~. 35~. (~). I. 1980. 0.8. 2.7. 22.4. 2.0. 62.6. 1.1. 3.5. 6.3 6.5. 1.4. 1981. 0.8 0.8. -. 1.3. 21.8. 1.9. 62.5. -. 1982. 1.3. 3.7. 0.9. 66.4. 0.5. 0.1. 1.1 1.1. 14.5. 2.2. 69.5. -. -. 3.5. 1.3 1.5. 1.6. 0.9 0.7. 6.4 6.1. 17.8. 1983. 0.5. -. 0.1. 4.9. 1.8. 12.2. 2.8. 72.9. 0.2. 0.5. 0.1. 0.7 0.6. 3.0 2.9 3.4. 1.0. 4.6 4.2 4.2. 9.6 8.1 {.9. 3.4 4.3 5.6. 74.8 75.3 72.8. 0.2. 1.1. 1.9 2.1. 0.4 0.4. 0.6 0.6 0.7. 0.1 0.3 0.3. 0.1 0.2. 2.4 7.4 2.5 6.9 2.8 6.7 L-n--.J. 6.6 7.1. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988. 0.6 0.6. 1989. 2.8. 3.0 4.0. 0.6 0.6 3.4 L-4--.J. 1990 1991. 1.3 1.3 1.2. 3.9 3.9. 1.3. 3.4. 2.5. 71.4. 7.9. 69.5 69.2. L -77. J. -. 0.7. -. 0.1. 22.4. 0.5. -. 0.1. 22.3 22.4 22.7. 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.1 2.0 L-2--.J. 0.2 0.2. 0.4. 0.3 0.1. 0.4. 0.5 0.4 L- 2 --.J. 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.2 23.3 23.5 23.5 23.0. tt~.lI"1f. 1991. 3. 3. 6. 85. 2. 2. 4. 6. 17. 69. 2. 2. .::. -. Jjll"i 1991. rmlmoo.m~~tW.~~lSl ---5-10lmBJf.m~~ltltm~. :1\RlG* '. ;l't~~~-I:;RlGti:;f:t. '. 19mit~mUr. " MIlR " flJ$l?dft~jj~~. 0. ~5-8. f,E~5-8i'iJ'pJ:tf~IJ~!f:~~it~ltlt~1980-81!f:11i. ,. , ffij;l't$1t~.m:lf~~il!lH~J\RlG~lifjDj.m:lf4'¥tl:1\RlGtW. ~~ltlt'-~RlGm~~ltlt~~~Dj~m,~~.~.mm~~~~,mw~~~~ z.W\~. :hRlG '. 0. ~5-9~OO1991!f:~~ltlt7t;(ff~~. :1\RlG.l;(r.R1t!i74'~U=RlG. ~ltltl00%'pJ:l:$ff23%j:~-(;lJ). '. ,. ifJ'pJ:tf~Uff~m:-$.lt-(;lJ~~ltltm~. :1L;;l't1t~.m:lf=Mi~~m:-I:;RlG:R~ltlt~~:hRlG (~. ,. i'iJ'pJ:.j!.m:lfti~lifj~~ltlt.*tW5!i?!-l. ; :1L;;l't. .1t~.m:lf,.~~.~ltm.w.o~*'f,E~5-Wm.l;( • •~~*~.~~:lf pfi~~:t£2.5ti:;f:t. ,. ~7J:trwflfpfi:ill!;pfi~m~. -~1t~.m:lfz.b~fiH~~~.m:lf. (Incomi Multipliers). ~f'F*B=':~.'. :t£~5-11~~Mroljjm. ' Bf!f:*f-Jff-l:;RlGm. ~31~25!f:11iii~ , ~~~~!f:M.23!f:ft:;f:t , ffijji*1t~.m:lftW~~Mrol• .lt~m :If*tW.~ ~5-12~~~!f:?!l."Dif{Z..m~~flJ$.&.;l'tftl!flJ$Z.rmf* ' .m~ ~,xflj$ § 1978!f:~U~tt~ , ~iU:7f' ' 1980!f:ftttfff:t£~12%*~ , i8lfj(ki~ , ~1990 !f::f<JJ ' .m~~fll$J:7f'~U:l!f.ljI!i~lHI!15% ' .litffifmffi!~$!i!m4':ftitW\i5l ~* ' ~ 5-13lmOOm.:lf3l~flJ$.~fiIf~ , *~~1Jj:t.fff$fVC~. ' :iI~~lWJfU$ , 1IfE~ 0. 0. 0. ~-!f:tWfim~fU$~fn5%j:t-(;lJ ,;l't$.pJ:~m:lf.$!f:*2.A (25'-"'44~) :iI~tWJ:tf71J~. f.lj :t£.m~.fI~jj~jjm ' ~5-14.~ , :l!m:.i*Iii'i}Ii]*B.g~i*Jt~.~.jj A (Endswment Mortgage) :t¥tlm.:lftW~~, ff-l:;RlG.ltf91J ' ;l't$'pJ:1t~.m:lf. !f:@AJ1!11i~~.litjj~ ; ffijftfVCtW*fU~~~.fI~jj~ (Annuity Repayment) .R 0. -18.

(19) ~1II.mR~Z~1M'. ft!il'~U=n!G. '. (65 ). ;ltr:p;tJ;{~i!*:f.~t• .'Jlt:n~. t!!1fffi,*,.It~j (~n!G). ,;t;lt!1551&P.,t.I:®~iFA.J!:l!{tjjW. * [1114- -'t .JiJ ...& • •. -*-5-12. m 4". f#. (~). (~). 'Ii. ,\!!. (fl. 0. *. J!I:. OC. fr .M1iIl:~1$. (%). Ki. §i. fJc. II. *. ~1. 7.21. 11.09. 11.08. 10.47. 1976. 7.02. 10.80. 11.06. 11.11. 1977. 6.98. 10.58. 11.05. 8.94. 1978. 6.46. 9.64. 9.55. 9.04. 1979. 8.45. 12.07. 11.94. 13.68. 1980. 10.34. 14.77. 14.92. 16.32. 1981. 9.19. 13.13. 14.01. 13.27. 1982. 8.80. 12.57. 13.30. 11.93. 1983. 7.27. 10.39. 11.03. 9.83. 1984. 7.74. 11.06. 11.84. 9.68. 1985. 8.69. 12.41. 13.21. 12.25. 1986. 7.75. 10.92. 11.83. 10.90. 1987. 7.42. 10.16. 11.54. 9.74. 1988. 6.87. 9.16. 10.97. 10.09. 1989. 9.03. 12.04. 13.65. 13.85. 1990. 9.62. 12.83. 15.12. 14.77. 8.21. 10.94. 12.93. 11.70. iff4*m : Central Statistical offies, ~5-13. AI. R. ~. iff. ,ft. Finamcial Statistics.. *••.& ro. ff $. (%). 1975. 1991. l1li. =t:. (fl. (33%). jf';tk;f~ ... If ~.fl!!.;flj. ~J. Jl!t. ft. ; ~91-.RjI~j.m:n~ (Interest only). r¥. )l';tk;flj *:ftI.liJ!l:.OC , 1992~':::'*. (lfltlL: IIJ. flj. •. ~-4"RflII!ii!~J$. %). i!Hili- 4" flII !ii! "1 $. it~.miff. 86. 4. 10. ~Aliff. 72. 8. 21. 3!$MlIiff. 79. 6. 15. 21JatP.U.. 91. 1. 8. 21~24JWt. 86. 77. 74. 78. 88. 4. 10. 17. 18. 17. 6. .AI:R~iff4".. 25~34Jat. 31~44Jat. 41~54Jat. 55laP..U. 6. 7. 6. 5. .M*lII : DOE, "'The New Survey of Mortgage Lenders" Housiug Finonu • No.16 1992 • PPI4-12. -19.

(20) (66 ). (.(0:: %). IIIIJ.1iUUUH7.t *,IjJ!;j:W>lE.:tf;;;t. !Iij~iI:;fj;;;t. .fUI~j.\!J.;fj;;;t. mf*~diil:;fj;;;t. ltflk;fj;;;t. !t~IIIIJ.:ft. 13. 76. 2. 8. 1. tAlJ.:ft :i;:$IIIIJ.:ft. 18. 67. 2. 12. -. 16. 72. 2. 10. 1 1. IIIIJ.:RiI::ft~.. 21B!tJ;.Lt. 14. 77. 0. 8. 21 ......24.. 10. 83. 1. 6. 25-34. 31......44B!t. 12. 77. 2. 8 10. 1. 41-54. 55B!tJ;4l::. -. 19. 67. 2. i. 25. 60. 2. 12. 1. I. 29. 36. 1. 33. 1. , ~~.cJ.I&~ttib*lW.JMjlf~:lf.*Ri'ff.iU'iSl! ' Ml::f-§f8/N1IH~~ffft ~.~~~~~~••• lW.JMjlf~~~'~~~~~~~A~lW.JMjlf~:lf~~I&~ .cJ...tm~. ttib*$m,~~..t~~~::f~~~*.~om~.fift~~~~Ml~m~I&~ttib.lWM. ' ~5-15fliUI!~4Hi~• • •Jj~.JMjlf~1lf z~JM.~~~'*~.~~.fijlf~:lfm•• lW~JM~I&~ttib.~w-@'Wm~lW '~~~~~I&~ttib*lWjlf~m~~~@'~.~::f~mm~~~~~::f~~••m$. .JiIi'f~1!i'. 0. ~.JMjlf~m~Ml::fm1!. m.JMjlf~f.J~~mmo. '". 1'J( (~. (£) ). • fI'f. £15.000PXf. J!. (I). •. (160.J;4~). lIZ 1. *. •. fj. 5. ~. •. Z}. i!!j. 5.4. £ 15.000......19.999 (160......80.). 1. 2. 3.1. £ 20,000-29.999 (180......120.>. 10. 9. 6.4. £30.000-49.999 (1120......200.). 33. 28. 30.2. £50,000-79,999 (I 2oo-32OJ(). 33. 31. 34.4. £80,OOOPll:: (I 32OJ(~l::). 22. 26. 20.3. iffil.*_ : Housnj and Construction Sratistics. 1981-91. m~. ••~z.JMjlf~lWiIA1i'f~1!i. JjJ~m:noo.~*:lJjJll~. (tE20) 'mJjJ;t~Hit::f~~fi' ~i,ij\.~~. , nmJjJpq.fiw.~m:nOOjA~.11\1iIlX~.Bl1!. ,rtlt7tfi. •• H.mlWm~,~~~~Jj.mjlf~~lW.~, ••mJM®Mem$. .mm.'~. ~'~~::fm1!'~~*Rm.:lf.*~~,mm.ff.JMjlf~~.ft&*~~~~m -20.

(21) ~1ilJ.m1i~z~t-t. Jt:fim*. (67 ). ffiiJIIM:a~11flJl ,-t12.Rf-1~7ml~'H~:a~.lf{fiH~. 0. (p1rMH§J\fflGP-AL) ,. ~~~§~JIIM:fi,~~~~:a~.lf®~$,.~~~~;~:a~M~~OO'~~.. *.Rt1g1r20~' ffilD1$~-t12JJ!.~1Dc. ~f1(31~~. , -t12JJ!~~tu~~Mi '. '. P-A~fiA~~.~~. ;. ~.!t!!~:a~*'j$• •. tafi~~~I!I!Mm;J:l;~lmffJIIM:a~m~. , fi!:a~:fi. ~m~:fi~~~~m'JJ!~~~**JJ!~~n®~~o. VI .•,£ it ;tt:t..1! .it ~E.iJ mmfl~~*}gPJTf~~~.{t~jtl1Rt1~n®m*lIS.. 0. ffii~Jllm:a~~oo, j{U~:a. ~*U*" :a~.lf" fI~MI!R~fI~~~~~~~. (ll:t21) '~IfJIB~jlf~*{t~E1 1r$®~IIT~r.o ' 1J[]LmilL~®~lf3'!iei~JiJT~L~ , {t~j~A.t1~n~$umijl, ~;1t ~~~~A*}g~§~JIIM*}g'~.M:a~m~~®~.~mo~6-1~.!t!!~~~. ~*ZJ!i$):a~~.~JiJT~.l:t~j~itif!iWi '~~~§~.M:fi11flJl~~R~ (~1981~Wi :fi.l:t~j~1.74 '~1991~Lft~2.12) ~JiJTOOI&1l;®~t!t1~n-t12~~~ttm. tt. it. iT. 0. ~IfL~ -f-f~ M-li if,tt-:t-.~fJj"-1i.t ~t.-f1rJ. ~6-1 ~. ,-t12IB~~:a~~.~PJT~zffi~ltgrj~~iei'. it. .lila. m :fi. Jj}. it. B~.itoft. •. it. 1981. 1.77. 1.67. 1.68. 1.74. 1.63. 1982. 1.66. 1.71. 1.73. 1.76. 1.70. 1983. 1.96. 1.81. 1.83. 1.87. 1.79. 1984. 1.96. 1.87. 1.88. 1.93. 1.84. 1985. 1.95. 1.87. 1.88. 1.94. 1.83. 1986. 1.99. 1.96. 1.97. 2.02. 1.92. 2.05. 1.96. 1987. 2.03. 1.99. 2.00. 1988. 2.15. 2.12. 2.13. 2.15. 2.10. 1989. 2.25. 2.12. 2.14. 2.16. 2.12. 1990. 2.20. 2.08. 2.10. 2.19. 2.01. 1991. 2.21. 2.11. 2.12. 2.21. 2.06. oft. -. Jifl-*lmi : Sample Survey of Building Societies Mortgages.. ~6-2~~~~IB~~~~~ZJ!~m~®iei~'~fi!:a~~.-t12~*~~~~,~. 1B~ZJ!~:a~*'j*~1969~®8%~ft~1990~®15%. ' Jf!~fi!~~:a~fJt.~• •iIi ' $Ij §frI1990~ZJ!~~F~~J!M. J!~. , ~1969~ZJ!~~F:a~:fi~~.R~M178~H 4,470~jf®.m:a~ , ~~~.ft!i~Altgrj~1j!Mll%$Ij §frI®26.3% '. .mji~fJ. ~.m~~~®=ffl~L'-t12m~-~~~~~Z-~~®~~*.'R~~~~~* JIIM:a~®~.t1~n~iti1J[[m. 0. -21.

(22) (68 ). f'C. ~. ZJi1$Jjjil (£). • !f.. It. ZJi1$jilJ:flji$t (%). ZJi1$jiltfdft (£). lllJ:fla (£). ZJi 1$ !f. A ~ (£). lilt fl a. f.s~AltM. (%). 1969. 4,097. 3,241. 8.08. 178. 1,617. 11.0. 1970. 4,330. 3,464. 8.58. 202. 1,766. 11.4. 1971. 4,838. 3,914. 8.59. 235. 1,996. 11.8. 1972. 6,085. 4,953. 8.26. 286. 2,281. 12.5. 1973. 7,908. 6,113. 9.59. 410. 2,734. 15.0. 1974. 9,037. 6,570. 11.05. 486. 3,231. 15.0. 1975. 9,549. 7,295. 11.08. 525. 3,753. 14.0. 1976. 10,181. 8,074. 11.06. 580. 4,285. 13.5. 1977. 10,857. 8,512. 11.05. 621. 4,800. 12.9. 1978. 12,023. 9,606. 9.55. 615. 5,283. 11.6. 1979. 14,918. 11,293. 11.94. 944. 6,290. 15.0. 1980. 17,533. 12,939. 14.92. 1,352. 7,747. 17.4. 1981. 18,166. 14,369. 14.01. 1,409. 8,248. 17.1. 1982. 17,762. 15,115. 13.30. 1,407. 8,602. 16.4. 1983. 19,513. 16,606. 11.03. 1,282. 8,899. 14.4. 1984. 22,174. 18,781. 11.84. 1,557. 9,754. 16.0. 1985. 23,742. 20,252. 13.47. 1,910. 10,466. 18.2. 1986. 27,444. 23,629. 12.07. 2,026. 11,669. 17.4. 1987. 30,097. 25,492. 11.61. 2,159. 12,444. 17.3. 1988. 35,807. 30,364. 11.05. 2,528. 14,103. 17.9. 1989. 39,748. 32,951. 13.70. 3,488. 15,238. 22.8. 1990. 45,234. 37,318. 14.98. 4,470. 17,016. 26.3. .~?fUIl!. : Steven Webb & Steven Wilcox (1991) Tine for Mortgage Benefits. P12.. (l9901f:). :!iH1·f.[H.~~:liim. ~j1f~lli~~. (Family Expenditure Survey). 1'IiiJPfiml(~z~:ft~fl.l?i~jH~;K:RJ::tlfdJJimJt~Im~,. Pj~lli:lii~l&A~~J1;K:.!I:ft~A.fjgjJzttm:. '. (ja]~6-3). ~. (tt22) 'RJ. Jl~j$Jiii.92%l&AJ!::tHl.!I:ft. ~'W~~Pfim(~j$J1f:l&A~AT~ti~r)~~~~m~-*JtM,;K:.!I:ft~A. • .iHAPfimfr925%~J: mllW!f ' ~30%fr9~$~~;K:.!I:ft~fr9::tllim~~~l&A 1¥J25% 1I16-1$.~m+1f:*.!I:ft~A.Jtf91Jfr9l!f~~~ , .~m1f:*.!lj!~m 0. 0. ~3%pjJ:fr9PfimJtf91J~~~~.:lt1JD. 0. -22.

(23) ~. (69 ). ~~.m.g;xz~t-t. .k6-3. *. II ~ la.J fJj--ff:t" ~*'St;tt 11 :iI.~~ 46 'f i:,.iif.fJj--ft ~l=.-{#~. t. 1990Jf. •. ~ f.P fit jI ~ mt (~ ilJ X l!a fiJi ft .It M 5%PXf 5-10% 10-15% 15-20% 20-25% 25%Pkl: ft It ZJI~_r. ~J5 ilJxl!a1JHt (~./~). 8. 3. 5. 4. 14. 66. 100. 40. -*-. 6,000-7,999. 5. 8. 11. 11. 13. 52. 100. 31. 147. 8,000-9,999. 5. 10. 13. 16. 11. 46. 100. 27. 209. 10,000-11,999. 4. 13. 14. 18. 17. 34. 100. 23. 271. 12.000-14,999. 6. 15. 18. 16. 13. 32. 100. 21. 516. 15,000-19,999. 7. 19. 17. 17. 14. 25. 100. 19. 696. Uncer 4,000. 4. 4,000-5,999. 2~000 and over. AlIincomes. 2. 5. 7. 5. 77. 100. 92. 57 73. 13. 21. 20. 14. 12. 20. 100. 16. 972. 8. 17. 17. 15. 13. 30. 100. 19. 2,936. lit : rZJI~jlat~mt{~ZJI~J/l(A.B3Ef7t.lt. fifl*. : Family. Expendifure Survey' 1990. 116-1. *11"& 'StitA Jt ~l=.';tl/~.OCj}t~ , 1979/1989. 50%~--------------------------------------------------~. ~ Jm. •. S. lit III: =l. 40"1.. 1979. 30%. 1989. 20%. % 0"1. <11-'.. 21-30%. 11-20-'". 31-40"t.. 41-50"1.. ",50%. ;~jtlt1l~~DUi<iJ3tftem1tt%. fifl*. : Family. Expendifure Survey.. fE~~IIJjfj:~iliiflJ-jtiJmj! ,Jj~fj;J&Al¥JtIlmfj:~*~~:fffj:~~J16. (Hou. ing Benefifs) ,Jjarn~: ~:fffj:~*~:tl!-$:ff.lii~~frJ,~I¥J.!t1§. " PJ1iit. ~ :fffj:~~m,m~Jj~~J&A*~• • ~:fffj:~~~z~-~I¥J~M,~m~~.lii~ ~I¥JE1JfflifUi~~~:fffj:~. ,. ~RX~i}2fiI¥Jfj:~~m. '. sl~~II~:W-I¥Jjj:j!. , iitll.. M~*~¥zm'~OO-M~.~-~.M.lii~~I¥J~JI6~~o~~:ffA.lii~~A ~fi~1J7tfJT. '. gt~~lIfMffli~. , JJ~.:P~~1&jJ.Ktl¥JmJH~. '. ~Jlt""fM~*~fI.. lii~~~x~mlii~~~.~~~~fIM~'~~-~7m.lii~~A.~1J~~mm. , .~tnf!J4~'HIM~2fij$JMlii~~A.~1J~~6-4 ' ¥iJPJ~ 1l'3RJJlz}JU' ,*1983--871f.1i35-40%mf4l11e.lii~~~ 1«UUfi~:@ (J:t~25%lE1jt1J<~{}}iflitlli!f~) :ri-' ~~~m~50%pXl: ' ik~:f:E19891f. jim~120%pfif4~fJtji , ~.lii~~~ti~ft3~!lmi~ , JlJJiIl P3:f:E.lii~~A .fi~1J ..tFR~m~F1it.1i ' Bi~ti~~ fEflI¥JFl'mm. 0. ffi!M1eIlP3m~. tIl~~lIm~ Oi~6-2). 0. -23.

(24) (70 ). liS M. !f.. '!iJ. 11. (.:re/i!(!) (1). Ii! iii. (i!(!). ... tt Ul. II;. (:;'\ijIt). (.:re). (2). (3). (4). 1!I!l1!&!: !f. (%). "J. (5). •. flliJ'HI. til. ~lQiiij':stne. (6). (7). 1ft. (.:re). m ff (.:re/fJ). fa. 11. (6)/(7)=(8). 1.5742. 1.9253. 159.12. 16.20%. 2.2377. 2.3186. 96.51%. 148.32. 17.01%. 2.1767. 2.7276. 79.80%. 133.74. 13.75%. 1.6389. 3.0499. 53.73%. 206.70. 124.02. 11.25%. 1.3013. 3.2671. 39.83%. 30. 210.60. 126.36. 10.83%. 1.2897. 3.3079. 38.~9%. 30. 200.70. 120.42. 10.60%. 1.2103. 3.1162. 35.12%. 6.72. 30. 201.60. 120.96. 9.92%. 1.1609. 3.3932. 34.21%. 9.13. 30. 273.90. 164.34. 9.75%. 1.5588. 3.8034. 40.98% 73.91% 120.86%. 30. 213.60. 69. 8.84. 30. 265.20. 70. 8.24. 30. 247.20. 71. 7.43. 30. 222.90. 72. 72. 6.89. 73. 7.02. 74. 6.69. 75 76. 128.16. 77. 17.70. 30. 531.00. 318.60. 9.75%. 3.0220. 4.0886. 78. 30.25. 30. 907.50. 544.50. 11.25%. 5.7132. 4.7270. I. It t8. 13.79%. 7.12. 68. 1!. 11. 81.76%. w.•a.. 1t;tt.tIt~JftOC .m~~~~~~m-~~~.m~:-~.m~~~~~(~~)_~~~~~ ~~.. Olt'm Mortgage Arrears) ;. ~-~'it~~~~~~.~-:m'itWlm. ~~l!lrtlfll!Pllf~1IPD}mT'pJ.tEr.~JN~W!!~iU}mz.mf:f.. '. JtU~. ClIt'm Possession) 't&. .-~l1fgf. ~~. , :ii'M~~~i1!tIl.~m~~~~~.~l:H~*M ~ l!PIm~~f1 Possession ':ii'Mi!;fJ~~~~-1f: (12MFl) l!PiUJN~ Possession ' ~f1taJt ' 1i?&:&i1k. ~~.~~~~.*mma~-.ot&.wm1f:~.~~~'~.~~~~.~~2, OOO~ijl!P~f1. Possession ~~ , W~4,OOO~ijJtUJNf~ Possession 0 ~i?J.m~~~. (Council of Mortgage Lenders, CML) _*1f:1!ti};fJi;lt1!tji. Jifiml&W;~.m~~~~~m. 0. ~7-1J1.jf-~i?Jur1f:.m~~iI:~m~. 0. ~~tiflJ6--. 12M~fJ~~~m~ 'fft19801f:O.25%~m:fif~~~ (:fif15,530M~) ~1f:!ltm':t;lt. (:fif205' OlOM~) '~121f: iW!t1J[J713m~M~It§ W:tEm~tU2M~~~~~m~*ti ' !f!.Wl;lt.dt~.Jt6-12M~~M~mmflT~ , 19821f::fif5,540M~ , f.sm:fif~~~~O.08% '~~6--12MFl ~~~~=JVG ' ?&W19921f:~~!t1J[J:fif147,040M~ , ~.x~~m~12MFl ' f.sJifi:fif~ ~~~1.48% ' JltIUI~6--12M~~~~~-t;JVG ' :tE~1IPJ1jmtaJffiljm~m ' ft~~ ~~m~12MFl ~M~IUlm~~ , 19821f:f:f6,860M~ , f.s~~~~O.ll% ' £1992 1f::fif68,540M~ , f.s~~~~O.69% IUIW~ , §iW~i?J~.x.m~~~f.sJifif:f.m ur1f: (1990--921f:). !l1J[J~~' f1Jl9921f:2.07%~ji'~~ 0. 0. :R~~~Jt0lJ~3.5% 'W~-tv~~1IPta.~Jt0lJ~~Jl% i};fJi,.~m~Jt~,~~JltIt.iUm~pg~~o -24. 0. ~~liIpg~;flRfPA~Jifl.

(25) ............ (71). JgIllIlIiUfrtZf4!". *. IfU! ... ,*a.. f',ttil~JI:lvr.. *-7-1 ~. .!I:Rfl:It§. 1980. 6,210,000. 1981. 6,336,000. 1982. 6,518,000. 1983. 6,846,000. %. No. """, 4,870. 12/iFJ p"{l:"atM~/i~. 6-12/iFJ:RatM~m~. imffg¥lltB.m~. ft. %. No. %. No. 0.06. 15,530. 0.25. 0.08. 21,540. 0.34. 6,860.. 0.11. 27,380. 0.42. 5,540. 0.08. 8,420. 0.12. 29,440. 0.43. 7,530. 0.11. 1984. 7,313,000. 12,400. 0.17. 48,270. 0.66. 9,510. 0.13. 1985. 7,717,000. 19,300. 0.25. 57,110. 0.74. 13,120. 0.17. 1986. 8,138,000. 24,090. 0.30. 52,080. 0.64. 13,020. 0.18. 1987. 8,283,000. 26,390. 0.32. 55,490. 0.67. 14,960. 0.18. 1988. 8,564,000. 18,540. 0.22. 42,810. 0.50. 10,280. 0.12 0.15. 1989. 9,125,000. 15,810. 0.17. 66,800. 0.73. 13,840. 1990. 9,415,000. 43,890. 0.47. 123,110. 1.31. 36,100. 0.38 0.93 1.48. 1991 1992. 9,815,000. 75,540. 0.77. 183,610. 1.87. 91,740. 9,922,000. 68,540. 0.69. 205,010. 2.07. 147,040. '---. 'J{M-*1II : Housinll Finance No. 16 Table 11 • 1992•.. f:tU'~j[[1991~jj)1f (W3). 'JlfUUi~jI~im1:~Jli{f?5l1iff~' ;lttfl::t:J!~f?5lii. *lSIJIl1~'H~~j1Gf?5l;k~jfflOik~1&}...Pfi~ (~1i20--30%. • f?5l;k~jffljl~j(~). '1i®~. f?5l1.i~j[[k!i#!f1'ft~Pfi~. , ~»U~:tE~lJm$:t&1iil ' 'l't't.Hg$f5}~~fij[[mmm~*~ ~1'tt~Pfi~ ; f!!1iJli{f?5lM~1987--89~rdl~gU!~iWi.lf~j(~ , fre:f~fti~;ff!l1JD~~ ~. ' §H'1·f!!f?5l1.i1989--91~j(~flj$~iJIi ' 'pJ:~j1~~mw 0 ~jfflfjU.jj)1f ' f?5liifti ~;tff¥Ji:\w\"j1Gf?5lj(~;tf1&~iljft~ , 'pJ:~jI~mmff1:~Jtf?lJ:fl~ 0. :tEjI~Mmj(~;tf.ttnOO,m.~j[[jj)1fM~(~U).~'1i~~Z=~~~. *lS.~e!ll16:ft~~. ,. ;lt~ii~mj1G.!lI~lS{612%. ~;tf~~ltnOO (~J!fII7-1) {637%~31%) ~~A. '. .~*lSfH68%. 0. :tE~~1ir. ,'pJ:26~--35~&36~--45~tfl~~M~ltf6~~ (4}. ,jffl~~55~.PJ:J:~~~APfi16l:t;f?lJfi~'. .R1i6% ; 1.re~25~.PXf~. , .R1i9% ''I'~m~;lt.~j(~tI~1i1Hl (.I:~~~5-3) o §itjl~;tf~j(~M~*fi ' 1i-=::~Z-~~=i1i6~'pJ:J:~j(~~m ' 10%~~j(~ =iM~~~12~ , jffl.R1i3%jt~=i~JI~-~'pJ:pg , jffl*~~~jt~=ij(iKX~~~tE2 '. jI~j(~Jtf?ljf!!~. -6~zrdl. 0. :'137i- ~~.It;tf¥JtH!4~;tfjl~mm~1§.16-~. WftiJlt~Mmj(iKX~It.l:~f?lj*fi (~J!~5-1). It;tf). .1ijl~~!EJ. 0. (;t»U~49%W51%). ,:Mt~.~foJ.~f5} (~~.~=iW~. 1117-2 • 7-3j{U.~j1~;tf~mf.tM*m '. ~f.re1&}"'*lS. ,~. ilJ'pJ:~ttljl~;ff{)}~.. • ;lttflm~j(~iWz~Pfif~ilfiTf!:t~200:9t~ (~*fiTI0.000~.) ;tf~ 1640% • ;lttflri1i1&}...;tf{63% (~J!PJT1i.mj(~M*m~5-2) • jfflm~j(iKX:;Si:tfH~ z~mftrn18 %jI~;tf ;lt~Pfif.t1' JE.PJ::;Si: M.liIjf~ , 1iMj[[-~Jt19lJjI~=ijflt~: ttl fiZ~PfifiilfiTf!:t~200~~. 0. -25.

(26) (72 ). 36-45 319Va. . 46-55 I09Va 56-65 69Va. 26-35 379Va. ----'--~. 16-25 99Va. .*1-*_:. liil1!:24' P.IO.. ~%~--------------------~r---------------------i ~.I--------------------~. ~%I----------------~. ~~~--------------~. HI% f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !. 10%. o. r-------------i. i..-----Ji.--,----,. .19l~M~. £0 £ I-SO. £51-100 £ 151-200 £300+ £ 101-150 £201-300. -£0. £ I-50 £ 101-150 £201-300 £SHOO £ 151-200 £300+. fl~~~*.~~~.~m~~~~~D·~~~~"~~~~nOO~m.~ Z~ · ~1JD~~~~kS:tf®trJ!l! · 1~H800l&i1f~VfUljrjj~ (f§lJtlD1JD~7WMI~:tf~mm. • flti~7~.IUJ) • tt!1f!f!l;EJriiJR~mtE®~kS:tf • :ML&1f!ffiB].m~.IUJ • ~'M:~mfljl n~~·~mi1f~.kS:tf~~~~~~mm·~~~~~~~.m~g~m.~1'mB ®.~=F~. • tE.~1991~~). ~~~IJl.w:tt!m-~ ".!i~~fi;~:n~" -26. (Mort.

(27) (73 ). ;!€~lIII1j!fft1:Zft'!iM'. gage Rescue Schumis} ,JIt:n~ftffIllRiUtlttfft~~mffifMl'W:A:~m1' mnl§~ {ttEL5t»}~ , ffJJtJitf51m EJ1f»}Jf!t&~l$mjt»}~, (Owning-to-Renting) ,ijlGtf ~mHJ1»}Jf!~fflH51»}~~~ (Shared Ownership) , ~3§U~1fng1JMm~fJtx:A:~. , :jlJ~tr~L5t1fmJf!EJ1fm. J/t:n~IWW11&~J1jflt~B_l'&\OOGl:rrBpm.»}fM. ~.1f~~Ktifl»}~~m~ , PJ~y;tti:iJnM~~ ; ffifL5t»}Jf!~R1G»}~J1~~{t:Mtl'.~ ~rJjM ' £t1ZSl~JitfJ1l$»}~ , ;§.3:!i:iJrt:ui&J&IfIm!»}mfiiMz{t~f§1! (Housing Ben efit) 'fijf!!:ni:iJng~~l$1fflj l'ID1i~OW ' ~liItEKhlJ}Jjflt~f-Jtfmti~mm ' PJ~ yg:flJ1mm~~~m. (Possession) m~, :fIUtf~1f~)E , t!!.fIHfI}l!Ipq1ffJll.UlIW~ 0. 0. ~m.o. vm . ..J1.. f';tt ~~ Jl~ Jfk ilL ~~1fIHl{t~fiiMIW*UltffHt~ '~7Wmlil~. 1ft (Housing Associatim). ~m1tifii~t!i. (Council Houseing) .. {t~Kh (Rent Subsidy) .. ~{t~?$~r!i (Housing. Benefit) ~.~Wm{t~lWfiiM91-; tE§1f{t~lWfiiMl!U'I!i.m:A:ltfIH&,IW~~ ( Mortgage Interest Tax Relief' tmffl MITR) ,mt;Jttm1tiPJTfI}mlW~~ (Inputed Rented Income Tax) 'PJ&§1f»}~j(.1ill*flj1fmlW~~ (Capifal Gains Tax ). ~. 0. ffifm~*fJHM~M.m:A:ltzfii~r!i:!*~' ~f(~M~~~.~:A:ltflj/~IW~~. (. MITR) :!*~, ~~fti;1tPJfOOglW-®rJjm ' &:fmmt&~Zm ' ~1JU~1fIJl.~jfltfii M (Mortgage Benefit) lW~iM 0 ~1iI.mjf~frj/@,~~19881f.m)E.~:A:~~~tE30,OOO~~ "flWjf~flj/~. , i:iJ P.k~£tm.~. (f-J120• • ~) PJ. 'tE19831f.tmft~jf~frJ,~.~*lJj:n~. (Mortgage. Intinest Tax Relief At Source tmffl MIRAS) m)Ejf~~B.ftlWI:flJlfjm~tflWjf ~flj/@, 'ftifj~PJTfI}m,* (Standord rate of income forx) :I1J~' ffifJltm~lWfIJ/~ m1mWI:flm:A:~1tiB.rtifll:rt:ulilmJiiU (Inland Revenue) 1fI'fi! 0 t'£19911f.ImMl ' :A:~flj 1!&,.~~m40%1W~~~~m,* ' -1.$t:Rm25%~~m*g:l1J' Ott25) !lJfti.~OJ/t~ fl}L5t*~~m*tf.Y7f-J':::~z-IW~.'. (iit26). 0. (J[~. tl!IJl!lmJiiU*fflIT1illfl'. 8-1) Bl1f.*IZSI.mjf~flj/~.~~f~i&J&ml&.Y' J'{;~1990/11f.BP1f7" 8ti~. (itt27) 'Bl1f.*m~§1f*IW:lI1JD (jfltA~IW:lI1JD) 'fU$lWm~, tta~fI}Jltjflt fiiM1*~:lI1JD ' zp.tta4iA4i1f.PJT*~3§UlWfiiMt'£1980/11f.1W330~~ , HtfJ-3§U1988/9 1W600~~ , ~ili:=ffllt-{;1J ~1!I.m:A:~frj,!&,~~i&m ' .~J1~Ib§1f{t~&iJ3(~~~ , ~1f:fEi~~* ' ffl ~ili:~~ff~t;!~lWiJifti (tt28) ~l$JltfiiMi&mI'!%1'0zp.t!!.1'~*' liTt&~ Jltfii 0. 0. ~r!i1'02JS1W1'1fjlJl~~~PJTfI}~JllWjflt1fPJT~3§UlWjf~flj/~fiiJt!i~~ (1ZSI~.j(~.z. ,Biz, ~flfpJff~jf~1fpJf~3§UIW fii~r!i~Y , ~8-2})tlH'l!ImJiiU1illfl~fJTl'Ii'UPJTf~~JlPJT!lfI}lWfii~r!i:!*lJl ' ~fMlj3§UtE 1987/81f.zp.tta4iA4i1f.jf~flj/@,fii~r!i550~~ , ffif1f.pm~m~30,OOO~~~~~Jlzp.;l$) fiAfi1f.fiiM31,OOO~jf , f-J~1f.pm~flf~5,OOO~jf~flf~JlpJf!lfii~t!i370~~1W3ffl mm. 'OOg~~1mltlWjf~~~~m$.~~:!*~). -27. ~.

(28) 1 (74 ). , ;l:trd]~JijH11'l'* ' ;i.j:1it::f1:}ZP:. 0. 'I'?&1988If.nUE30,000~.it~.J.f~mlfiiJJU991If.. -1*~jUfi25 %IU~m$m ~nUE. '. ~ftJ1t::f1:}zp:m*~~.Ri. '. :'ij -::f1:}zP:~1'itt5l:JiJ:t. ~.~.~it~~ • • • (MITR)~m~.~tt~MM(Hoo~~. mmIf.*.~.~MM~:Jimm.~=m(~~8-I) ~fiJfftJl!J:tmm.jfljlliff~. (It.29). BMelli)'~. 'ffi~.~fl.~,~~.m.. ,if{JIt::f1:}zp:m~:l$Jt:HlIHmftIHtlfc!liiOm, ffij::f~. $~:Utj!ji±J!:Ji~.*RlG*~jfjJ.f*:frffi' mffliWilif:ftfl MITR MMi&ttl ' i&JM4v:If. M.:P~8ii~. ' twJltJfl*~.~rHJ!fEt£tt~:lJ.\a;l:tf&.~Iji&mJ:: • :I$J*J!~f!~ (It.. ftm$f!• •ttlt~ ~"'111*~~ff~A111~if~ , :l$JiI!m.JlIitlJ:~IJ,'ll11fiMi& ' ;l:tq:r~8-3 .. 8-4 .. 8-5.~::fll!iJtt~iI~ , itlJ:.If.IrtJ! iemq:rI('\iel£ZP::l$JmJlftMM~.m~ie ' $.~JIt::f~zp:m*fft£ffJltilif • flf*miji. 30). 0. ttl~::f1:}ZP:~::f~$ill\,'ll. 0. *-8-1 ~. tr. •••••&~a~&.L~Qa~ IIIIMill':lt§. .lI. (=fA). 1980/1. 3,260. 5,860. 330. 1981/2. 3.090. 5.850. 350. 1982/3. 3.070. 6.130. 350. 1983/4. 3,330. 7.500. 370. 1984/5. 4.070. 7.800. 460. 1985/6. 5.100. 8.100. 590. 1986/7. 4.860. 8,450. 550. 1987/8. 4,800. 8,750. 550. 1988/9. 5,500. 9,100. 600. Source: Inland Revenue Statistics Table 5.2. ,.. 2jSj$JfiA. il~"JSMl!id (,i3.~.). fUit fifi I!i A It (=fA). Under £5,000. 290. 790. 370. £5,000< £10,00. 890. 2,020. 440. ~. rtf. f.f}. II\!. (. £10,000< £15,000. 1.320. 2.550. 520. £15,000< £20,000. 900. 1,670. 540. 770. 690. £20,000< e25,OOO. 460. e25,Ooo< 630.000. 310. 370. 820. £30,000+. 630. 580. 1,080. 4,800. 8,750. 550. Tatal. Source: Inland Revenue Statistics Table 5.2. -28.

(29) ~1IJ111J1ftItZ~~ . (15). ~ II ;r.;: Ii] &11 ;r.;: Ii] JJl.* PJf«.fl JIlll ifit>f!J.@..:iifi JI! $:. OC. *-8-3. m. tW. ...... /\. I (~lIJ). I. Total. 0-14,213 14,213-21,098 21,098-26,630 26,630-32,040 32,040-38,293 38,293-45,491 45.497-55.220 55,220-67,458 61,458-81,951 81,951or higher. Bimingham. Brisstol. 442 380 418 318 313 455 451 403 110 830. 900 581 540 525 421 465 491 562 631 140. 340 364 409 360 418 431 511 535 644 618 -. fUH1~1i. *-.8-4 . -. : Maclennan, D. et.. ~-. .................. . 16-24iiAt. 575.63. 25-44iiAt. 606.66. 45-59iiAt. 479.61. 6O.P"'(l::. 83.08. 980. Number of cases. 485 501 453 309 392 699 732 106 598. London. Newcastle. Stemeld. 501 598 519 623 641. 260 363 415 309 514 411 515 545 153 159. 393 234 219 356 418 369 432 403 516 545. 4*t~;r.;:1i]4.4'-~PJf«.flJll. *-.8-5. llifit:iifi,"$:.oc 2!!.I$1!iJl6ltiM rF). 0-5km. 524.61. 5.01-10km. 559.11. 10.01-15km. 635.59. 15.01-2Okm. 651.90. 20.01kmP...(l::. 623.88. Number of cases. 981. _*4*1i : F<!I*8-3. _*4*1i : F<!I*8-3. 8-1. Glasgow. l!ifjtJ:I·ul!.. ~.I$flljMltiM (1:). tr;. ifj. ~. *'. al. (1991) Faiver Subsidies. Faster Grovifh.. ;r.;: Ii] ifit 'if' 4'-'-4'- ~ PJf« -tl JIlll ifit:fiti,"$:.oc. l¥. , 1990. ~lIm.m~ii~flj~~~filjM (MITR) ~mm~f1~filjM (Housing. BemefitHliSt. zp.:I5j.A.~fiI!l!61t1Jl.. (~"I). BOO. 600. .wo 2110. o 80181. .*4*. : Inguiry imto. 81182. 82/83. 83184. 84185. British Housing. 1981.9.1 -29. 85186. 86/87. 87188. 88189. 89/90.

(30) (76 ). ~~jl~~~JltMgjtR~MJtl.ii&m. '. 1!!m~&30,OOO~tl:R~1m~. ,. I¥Jfljl~,MJtl.i. ;. mittl:R~flj,'B!,MMW:lm~10~PJpg. ; ~&:R~flj,~MJtl.izfrJ$m~ (tlIl25%~m15%) ~ ft*lltz1f. t mJ!rUi~m;ltflkJ!0~.EI.~~l¥Jtt~MJtl.ii&m ' ~$~~MJtl.ijl.1i ~~Mm:R~~1m ' !Wflmtllff : llt1i~m.m:R~MJtl.i1i~ (Mortgage Benefit m~~flIl~llililiifIjMMi&m~~ t ~f¥Hi!e1iJ&A~~~AJifiml¥JireJf.it Scheme) ~~#(The Employment Trap) 'JInit~Jf.Jifimtlll:!jfPf"iVli (tl[J~8-6' ffl}-jlm ire~200~tlf)'ij') t lltlJij1it~l¥JiiifIJEfffiPf"tlIll'~it~l¥Jiiiflj , ~mireJf'itJifim:f;f:k~ it~~JIi ' 'i'~llt~m.~!Wf]jtlft1:::(£1~Jifif~.EI..H ~lftt~~~J: ' [Zglltlf¥:f;f~ilillt 0. 0. .'§!~~fliM:n~ (ltt31). m'. ~ifljJifif~:f;fMff~~&. , JIt.~M.~J1n~~irepm~~~:f;fmlii~~~~flj,@'fli~rSm. '. ~UtHi?!l-~ifljpm~flUl'tnPl{lflltfliJtl.ii&.m(~J!1II8-2). , tlIl. llt~*1'@~~~ireJ&A:f;f~m~0~I¥J.m:R~fliJtl.i'.EI.~~~ireJ&A:f;f1'.~Ait ~1E:tJt. M- :. • ~rm;ltI f'FAiJli (tlU~8-6 ' {?IJ=Jifi5.F) ,. Jlt1i~;ffi'i'~~HiiJl. '. {itH~~~. 0. -*~lI=m/Nt< (~lI\lllitj:.Ar) , fijllfUHUtflJa.~70~. ,fijljlMitlilHUHft (Communily Charge Bill) 10~. 0 «tI/kA*~~Jlm-mm-xf'tjfiljll6 (Jncome Stppcrt Entiflements) 96.90~.' 1JOJ:ii1f Hii:a~flJ,@.filjIlli70~.~itliIUljHilill6 (Communim Charge Benefit) ~., t&:~*~fijlI¥lI/kAB!~174. 90~. (96.90+70+8) il!lIiJlt*1iiiIfFfijllirJi~I60' 180, 200' 220~.~l!!ItI~~ , ;t;I;l¥lmff~~!lilr. jiM mffm II*{W.~. I¥lI/kA. 11160. £180. £200. £220. 1ll5.89. £20.89. £30.89 £16.16. 1ll0.76. 1ll2.56. £25.89 £14.36. £133.35. £146.55. £159.75. 1ll72.95. *~filjWl. £7.95. INt<illiWl. £15.50. £15.50. £15.50. £15.50. £156.30. £162.05. £175.25. £188.45. £18.10. £12.85. £0.35. 1ll3.55. £160 £15.39. £180 £20.89. £200. £220. £12.56 £146.55. £25.89 £14.36. £30.89. £10.78 £133.35. £159.75. £16.16 £172.95. £15.50 £37.55. £15.50 £34.15. £15.50 £25.55. £15.50 £17.00. £194.35. £196.20. £200.80. £205.45. £19.45. £21.30. • £25.90. £30.55. jJ:mft~filjWl. *!I¥lmm~=i'IfFI¥lI/kAJt~(~=i'tll.m IfFz~jixlfl). gIJ= : 1i'lJf9lJ- , um~LI.lltj'fmxilliJltin*. ll!!Ilir. mm-m 1I*{w'~. I¥lI/kA. *1iiiilliWl INt<illiWl .M:a~illiWl. .I¥lmm~=i'IfFl¥l!&.AJt~(~=i'tll.m IfFz~lixlfl). £7.95. JiM*ilIJi : Webb & Wilcof (1991). Time for Norfgage BenefitsP.16 P.29. -30.

(31) ~• •l!jfatZ~1M. (77). ;ffi~~~P9I¥JMm$f~1iiMmm t~ff{EltfiflJ!~rJj1lli. '. ~1r~!J)\~ff~=1'i}ZJS~mfjf41tM. '. 'I'?&~P9iij". , ~lHIfjllmJQ¥fi!fB!{ElIt1fraJ:b1l ~,'pJ~aY:~' 8;tc11P9~IUJMm$f~I¥J1iiM~~• • ' ~~!J)\~~-fl},{~~Mm$f~frJ J\l.:?eilldff ' NUlIfU,\l.:?eIlJ.t.RffJ\1.il:n::.mc ' lti}ZJSJQ~$I¥J~. ' m~8ifczj1ffl iff~ , ~*:Ml=1'riU! ' llfE~flJ.\l.:?eIlJ3t~fm ' Ml:1Jum~.=1'* ' ~lItz91- ' ~P9j1ff '. m~8ifcz.flJQif~1m7*f4~. 4§.f!• •fU$I¥J1iip~i&m (j!~8-7) ~J&mm 'fl.PJ4~OO*if~ (tt32). =1'i}ZJSmm. (~j!~8-8'. 1118-2. 'ffllt~i&J&1iiM' ff@~~$f~~I!fIJf!tiiElf.f. am,. timP9Mm$f~MMtf!ff{E~*ZJS~mm:~. 8-9) ,fjf4~~~-?Yif~t&*zm. 0. JlA if..ttiitjJl!;.t,* (Mortgage Bemefit). .iI!lMII61tSii (~S). 140r-,- - 0% 1051. '" r:. '<U!F:. 70 1. 35'. °0. ,". 35. 105. 70. 140. 210. 175. 245. NI.s1ftx,lJ,tiI.. fi*",,*1i : 1i'iJ~8-6. Al8-7 l:- ~ JlA if ..ttiitj JI! ;ft IJi lJl:. Ai M. p.Ij. §. 1.-1I:.1Ijfll: 2.•-~.1Ii!lll::. 116. .p).• • •fj-II: ··.p).• •tmtt~. <*~*t!Ul!iftll::. .*",,*Ii:~~.. 2.II~Rat. iii. 500_. 6.75% 6.75%. 120_. 6.75%. 4. "'1VJ2}IIXAJi.IIIt~jfat. 3.50%. af9lJ af9lJ (1992). m. 9.00%*·. 3. fIIlVJ~.:r:.• •It~jfll:. ~>. fit. 9.50%*. 1."'IVJA~RII:I3H~. M. $. ;{i1J. ~.{:I:~~l!it\l.ltZIiff~. -31. 120_ 120. 130_. (~a:I\). .It.

(32) (78 ). H. -iltIllUI1t~. ~iJ::WUf. ti~1I.lI.. 11. m:. -. ilt. 11. II. -. ilt. ft. A &:I. -. 1il!llt;1tiJ::. .!IIJ~t.tAJt. • •tElt;1t~. 3,500,000.00. 1,200,000.00. 1,300,000.00. 0.00. 2,300,000.00. 2,200,000.00. 31,490.41. 9,124.37. 7,539.48. 32,624.59. 0.00. 21,439.02. 20,506.89. 32,624.59. 31,490.41. 30,563.39. 28,046.36. 391,495.10. 377,884.90. 366,760.63. 336,556.35. 7,829,901.98. 7,557,598.03. 7,335,212.50. 6,7¥.,126.99. 0.00. 272,203.95. 494,589.47. 1,098,774.99. 3,500,000.00. -. ti¥1I.lI. 20¥1I.lI::1j'qtUftJ. M-*IIIUI1t~. $:J(iJMNi• •. H. -ilt •. 1t~mUf. f¥~1I.lI.. 11. m. -. ilt. 11. II. -. ilt. ft. A&:I. 4u:¥flll. 20¥1I.lI;;f;:fIJftJ. $:J(iJMNi• •. .!I~iJ::. -. Mf. f:E. II. f:E. ~. f:E. 1,800,000.00. 1,500,000.00. 1,300,000.00. 1,700,000.00. 2,000,000.00. 2,200,000.00. 10,439.27. 8,699.40. 7,539.48. 32,624.59. 15,846.23. 18,642.62. 20,506.89. 32,624.59. 26,285.51. 27,342.02. 28,046.86. 391,495.10. 315,426.06. 328,104.23. 336,556.35. 7,829,901.98. 6,308,521.23. 6,562,084.69. 6,731,126.99. 0. 1,521,380.75. 1,267,817.29. 1,098,774.99. 3,500,000.00. -. -32.

(33) ~. ~1I •. (79 ). .!I:Rltz.M. IX ' liK i)fj II ~. & •. 'f' it.:t. ~t•. ~~~~~ft.~~~.ffi~,~~~~.~ft.wm~~~~~~~,m~m. ~~~~~~g~,~~m~'ffiti~.m~~~g~~ffi~m~,~~~~-®~~. ~HMm~~z~~'~~~~£m~7M.m~~~ft• •~,~~~a~Mm~~. zm.. 0. PJ:r::t~jf-ti7iifM"~." W~" jt~U~. ... f}~WJMf~~~~11~~~~iifj. ~~,~~~~.~~~m~~'Mm~~~~~~%~o. m. Mark Boleat if~i!t::W-~Ii?J~~~IItMm~~fljtJ~ (tl:33) '~~;t~flB fI~~~~.Jt (119-1) Q)i«.~~ (Direct Route) ,JltJ1.{lMA&rill.-a~ 11m ' ifij*~~tfrfl"~I!k• • ' m-lNrmfttfr~~~~~l!kllfljlJ~ft~m.1it~m~;JF 1E~ (Intformal) IIm:R~:n~; ®~U9~t! (Conractual Route) ,JltJ1**m ~.m~'~~~~.~:n~,~m~.m~~~.ffAtfrfl"~IIt• • ,~~~**. M:R~~~·~~mJlt~.M• •:R~om1itJlt:n~MM~~.~W~• •~.~~m ~H ' ~1j$ftlj~-lN-m*i~IJ$~~ , ~~¥~~m~f§5 • ffijil&J&~1r~7ltirctJflUJf6 ' JIt:n~~~.~~JjtJ~~IIt.. (JifilWl Bauspareassen) H#1itilfil' ~.:I1!t WiY $ffi~"fjJlt.~~~m~.M.If~~:n~. 0. @ff~~m. '. (Deposit-Taring. Route) ,JltJ1-lN• .:i:~1it Jt~~~~l!kfljUIJt ' RP11lA~iI?6-lNt:pfl"~• • • ~tfrm m• • :n~ , m~~~m.1il~~~ ,~~t5~ r flim:R~J (Berrowing Short Lending Long) z~~~lItmi9' -lNiY~$~JIt.:n~· fgma~:&~~~~ o@ .1il~~~fj~m (Mortgage Bark Raite) • JltJ1.~IIt• • rdl~1li!ii~m.m:R ~jf~~Vit!l1Jtt ,mIHJ~;JF11IA (tl~IIt.... 1*1ft~RJ .. mf*~~~) ritJl'lfmpJ:m .M~~m~, m1it&Mj{ftfj.M~~li1'fl1Jt~. BMd~. (Mortgage Backed Securities, or. '~~W$~~'~iI&W~m~1*.~M.~~~t5,.~~§ • •m.m. m.M~~.~f~. (Mortgage Securitization) ftt:pi!ili1'fl.3C~ -m*i (Secondary Mortgage Market) • JIt:n~~IlX~~JjtJ"fj· (tl:34) ,~iftf~~ .. WIi?J .. ;ft~~ ~~JMf~. ... f}~~~~MM:R~.::t~~~.m.,~~~.mmflBM~~'$~~m. ~8~~:f±JIt:nmft.o. m. Belant if~~~~• • • • ~~;tmli5!~!iUW (tl:35) : CD-lN~fj (Gen eral Banrs) ; ®1Mltllfj (Savings Banks) ; ~JjtJ.lt~fj (Specialist Sav ings Banrs) '~~II~I!~~fl (Buliding society) ,~m;~.If:R~~1r (Sav ings and Loan Associatans) ; @~~~IIt• • (Contractual Institutions) ~~ 1!~ Bausparrassen ; @.M~~.fj (Mortgage Banks) 0 ffij~lJHm®li?J~m:m ii*~~~~IIt.m~~• •~1J~9-1m~, a~~~~~~m.M~~~fj:n~~~ lJHffi~ilf:&. • ~t:p~... wm; .. f}~ ... fj~~JjtJ.lf.fj$mm~. JMf~~~ii::t~~.M~~• •. '. ~fIMIJ.If~. 0. ~7iifM. • -tMt.M~~.~[J&~~~1*1ft • ~~flmil?6miJ~-talJG • mtl~~~1* 1ft ' ~il100% ; ~~m~-tMt~30~ ; ~~~Ij$*msf~~mf.flJilJflJ$ , fi:m:jjff;fjfiJ5M -33.

(34) (80 ). 12~ml!ll5EfIJ*:nA. ;. ~~:nA.!f!.MPJ*flJjfJ~5EtfUI~:nA. (Annunity Repay ment) m::t: ' 1988~Z~ ,~fj:J~~ Endowment Mortgage) k6-8'-W;jrt0JjJ~30 ~~-~fi~*~:nA?J)\ffi1it~fJ 0 1£;ltfif!.m~~i&m:niIfi ' ?lffllf?J)\1f~~flj}~,UUD :nA ':~H'i-i&Jf-f-tl1f!~~~f*~:n~ (Mortgage Insurance Scheme) (H36) 0 1£~~,.m~~~~~~.:nA~ff'Mm~~~-:niIfi~Mm~~mff~R. ~fJm~. ,;It-1ftlt1mJ.lf.l1f50% (i&~1'1:iJMH~60%) '~Ifi¥.m~:pJ~~~mtlfjHf (Bausparrass) :pJ{ti~, i&~1'1:iJm~80% ' @~1itjlllMAmtlf:l*?5tffii5E ' -mil'~ o ffii~Hml'~~~:nA ' ;lt~~MIlR~flJ$-tl11'IH11~ , tlll~~mtJf~fJ ' fU*~f~1f. fiU!i. 'fg~~MIlR~~ (-lftltl0-----12~). 0. JfE?'I.H§~.m~~:1f&:'~~lfi¥iIfil:i1'i;~fI~~. *~:nA'W1£~~~~~~~.~Ifi¥.1f~~mt~~fJ'~~~fJ&mt~~fJ~'~ J/t~~~JM!~.1t~1!rfl:nAm-8'm-~. (one pacrage) 'J/t:n1J!.m~~:1f 0 1£.IIfi m~~MM:nOO ' g~~~mt~~~~1fM~t!i ':!1H'i-f;j§~.llfim:1f?J)\1fMM (H37) 0 1£~~ , E8~f;j~f~!&A*~IY-J.m~~1fJiJTMM ' '§'f~~$.llfim~~:1fIY-JJtf9lJm ~~ 'itt-lftlt7tfflG=fI:nA (1fMM~&M~t!i) ~~, ~1IJ1fMMIY-J.llfim~~ (Mmm PAP) ,;lt~~flj$1f:f§1itMM'.!f!.M (1984~WJ) fIJ$1.$I!lI5E' ~*a1l:1.$WJ*~1.$ ~f~l!lI5EfIJ* ' PJ~~~rWlZI!ll5Eflj$:nA ' ~~MIlR1.$15 ' 18~20~ , 13.li=~l'm ~~:nA'i&~1:iJ~~t-----A~,1it~~~~1:iJ$~-Iftlt~~:nA'ffii-lftlt.m~~(. ' MllRmlO-----20~ , flJ*mm~~iIJ , #Il1f.mmtJf~~ , 1mllmmtlfmtllIY-J2.5ffl ' flj*1fM~t!i13.1fm1fH)ljt¥. '. MmpC) :nA'. i&~1mJ.l~JJH.lY-JfflG. 15~ ,-Iftlt1£.m~~fU}~,?J)\mgm~;t\. 1£JtflJ1Jij: , l'm~. (H38). .llfim~~gJ.lA~1:iJ~100%m1Jl. 1£~~M~t!i:niIfi. 1ff1~~!&A. '. 0. -tl1mm~~f*m. '. '. ~J/tZ~ MIlR~2-. 0. '. MIlR~~m20~. ,. ;ltfl!!mrm~fl~. ~**~ '~~*i~:!lfj}. (tllllJiI) kti-yM (H39) 1£ft~ '*$fj}lY-J.m~~E8.m~~~fJ (Mortgage Bank) JifiDHIr (80-----90 %) ,itt-mi§1fft~IY-J~~fIJ$ml!ll5E' fgE8m~~5E1mJ.l1:iJ~J\fflG ' MIlR1.$30~ , 3m~:nA::t:~~*fljjfJ~5E1m:nA (Annuity) ,~~, ;lti&Jf-fJiJTmmlY-JlIJ~~-8'{'Ftt ~ ,tE~~XMIlR (~rWl~50~) '1mll (A~94%) 'flj* (1fMM) '~~:n~ (~ mtii'$iIJ:nA3i~X) ~jfJ1fl'/RJ 0 -Iftlt1£~~fU,~,:niIfi?J)\1f~~ 0 (H40) tEJffiI~ '.llfim~~fIJ$jfJ1fMM (§1ftt~0.5%) ,~m-~~1i~~m-~, 13. 1fm-nm:{1l:g¥Jl~~ (First Mortgage) ~m=mf1l:~~Z&~ m-Jmf1l:~~MIlR m40~ , 1mJ.lArWlmtnlG ' ffiim=Jmm~~MllRm30~ , 1mllf.l1f25% ' ~~:nAmE8 Yi$Jf~ 1Y-Ji$Jflli:*fljfl~:nA (maw Stepwise Amortization) ~ft~fiIj?5t~~ , ~ i&Jf.f JiJTf!{~ Z ~ ~~-8'f'F*Jl.Jifif!m z-8'f'Ftt~ , ;lt~~f~ftJ:?J)\~ -mitt ~$.3(1.$f~UJ1f JiJTl'~ , -mi.m~~zflj}~,-tl11fgm ' ~~ , -tl1f!~~~f*m~i&m 0 (tt41) 0 ~PJ..tM¥g.j"fHB ' *Mf;j~?J+/~*tt~~iJ!.m~~1f@Mm ' -tl11:iJ~5!t~Ul'~~ ~t!i. '. 0. ~~flj,l~,gro~MMi&jft. 0. 0. 0. 0. *~~a~~~1'~,;lt.m~~~;ltMM~:I*?5tID~~~l'ffi~'JfE5!tIlR~~fl'* flg~Aif~. , [email protected]~~,xa~~1f¥-its&~~ , H!1iRf~!!GIIJ~~ , -34. A:;lt*~ti.

(35) (Sl ). ~lIIl11fit:RII::Z~i!1. ~1JH[I*~IUi~~~.IHT~M. (Mortgage Bank System). iiJ:tt1m.m.ji~jh'i'ita.. lIfJM: • :ilfl:tt:1JuN:j1{1fm • rdl.i:l!fl!.m.~~1!f.*,,~11& • JJI.y1i~ ; jJjjIDifJlHIQ~llIta. m..~~~·iiJ~~m~.m.1!f~.~'.~.m.~~.~,~~*". . o 1119-1. ii.~*.QJIt.& 1fit• • ,r- ............. ,,. : ;&Jff : $ft. ®.fit:Rlli':.ff~1!! ,-,---:~.....J. .11. -ftlHi • • an. ®:r¥JI\{~1'. •. U ...~. fit =If (!Yil:ifH6!1'. .""*lm! :. Mark Boleat (1985) ,National Housiny Finemce Systers PS. *-9-1 ~. III. :lit. rJ:.iJII.~:l.kii.~*Itk~.. t£. '*. !if:i. ~. 7i1I. III. Rabobaink (• •~fFaff>. i!!i. «!. Becmtemreim -Statteinwer k Bauspcrbasse Deutsche Bomr OIlUI:RlI::aff). ~. III. Credit Agricole (• •~fFaff> Crtedit Foncier (i&Jf,flllfitifll::aff>. ~. Caisse d'Epargne et de Retraite. fi}. ~. Kreditforeningen Dammark (.fit:RlI::an). J!llI. ~. Urban Mortgage Bcnr (1iBIJ• •:Ratan). ;!Ii;. III. Halifax Building Socirty (it. . . .). Jt. flj. iii!. • ". (~~• •aff). (1II~• • •ff). .""*lm! :. Mark Boleat (1985) National Housing Finano Eysiews PP479-480. x~~~-~~.~&~~~~~~~~ ~j).,t..t~fl'iJ1~[I.m.ji~f.J~t-f. '. it~iiJ.PXTm$U;1t4'ti~. , :;t;1tJi!:lt.fi1f'~.. m.ji~~m~~~m~~~'JJI~~~7m;~~~~1JH;1t~[I*~.~.m.~~ft. i3 ' &iiJ7m~IJf.J.m.~~ffiU~1'ilffi~ • ?&jJjj~{j:~~fI* .. §~*(f(J~i1i .. mil -35.

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(37) JltIl.M:Ril.:Z~1M. (83 ). 7. ~1J:tE.~jfax-.ta9tmM::t:~~.~jfax~IJ,~a9~~ (MITR). ,.~j[f~*. 1'~a9~~~~,m~~~~~~~.~~~a9~.m~~~mfi1'~~X1'~.'$. , 19f8 r.~jfaxtmMn*J (Mortgage Benefit Scheme) ~.~, ~1J$:f}~iH~~m ' lIfE~iiImro~Ij,@'.ll1'f,lj , ~.iiIfm1'* ' {§jI~;Zj'/;tA.~~ , WE ~m~!lzj1i. ~m~1'm~. 0. m:(£;ltf&~JI~IJ$:;m~~nOO' KtlHi!~HJIU~Hi*~~' ~1J:tE.Mjfax:;mM. -.tff:(£~*~~Wm~~a91'~~'.T~M~~,~~tt~~.fm~:f}~~mo. 8. • ~:(£ IXmf:!-lJflUtla9 J;1:~Mit -.t '. ~ ffl-& iiI? m:!-IJ:(£.~ jf~nOO :l$:f};lt. M~W1'~~.'M~**~-~~A~~o~;lt~mflJ~~~~ma9.~jf~.ff*. M (Mortgage Bank System) 'JllmflltifjlJll' ftjf~i¥ili¥I!t~~.:;mMn~ , Mff~1rUIij!~~. .... 0. .if.,... .",. ~.£. (itt 1) : ~Jl Bolat Mark (1986), The Buildiry Sociely Industry (Ind Ed) P42 (itt 2 ) : _ Jl Coles 'Adrian (1989) How often Dc People Move House? Housing FinasueNo. 4. PP15.16 (~3) : • • 1000¥*~n~r.~m~~~rft~lIr~~.~-~r~~mm.1'~·m*.m~,w• • • ~.~¥~n.4~~~~.(~ft~II~.n~~)ffi~·. (itt 4) : 1991¥flM_Jl Pannell, Bob(100z) Survey of Morfgage Lending 1991 in Housing Finance No. 14, PP 8-9. 1910-80¥flM_Jl~1I£1 (~5) : 1980¥~1J36% • m-~.1i4¥Itfi1'flJ25. • II'lJ't.I$.!C1991¥iI!ilfi-!!: ' mllll.MjqJftI~ 0 (lE 6) : _Jl Bleat, Mand & Coles, Adrian (1987), The Morfgcgc MarbetPP. 83-85. (lE 7) : fIJ$.1/J1If3ti&~~j1U.~M1J~•• ~tm : 1913¥ • ~q:.i&f,fJa:!J( • •1&J1J ••:!J(~*A~Uiil.:flJ.1I' ::E10%J;rf~a~"!\l!*$ ·1'&~T1'~ • fIJ$JlJlfEJlMJaU% • ~JT1974¥2,ij*1I • X.lIII • ffJlf,f flU€1'• •fI:£*5OiI~jJ • ~ll!:!J(;J!tfIJ$1'I!MiI!i • (itt8) : _Jl~tt6. PP.117-1l8 (tt 9) : .JH~1l.::E:W;liIf~" alltElif51llll&lJtrZliIf~" ,(7jji&lii.l!llf~~' 1992¥ • PP.179-190 0 (ttlO) : ffimfitU~flm (Commcvical Assets) mlim1Jflm.~£'.~IM:;i! (Fixed) ~mllJtt (LiQuid) _.11 .I!P~ • .1!I'Zn~t!i'iiJmfflflm • (ttll) : .:tt~1993¥2,ijtn!Vi1'lll • • fI:£*.it~* (BSA) ••~TIl~*.fFmm.. §'}t£1003¥2,ij !/J\t£It~tE!f:;1llllilfllt.tfI. mARK bELEAT Jlmi"»~IIII!.fI:£*B:;J!t~*.fF~~ 0 (tt12) : _ Jll"ltt1 0. 0. (tt13) : _Jl Garnelt, Reid, Riley (1991) Hetisiey Finauce (2nd Ed. )PP.46-49. (itt14) : _Jl BSA, The Relationstung betciean Mortgage Rates and other Iutertst Rates in HOlISing Finance No. 17. 1993. PP.6-10. (lE15) : _Jl of Morfgage Hendors (1002). How in bay A lfellSe PP.5-6. (lE16) : _Jl BSA, Understandiny Building Societies 1987, P. 9 (ttl7) : .Jl Boleat & Coles (1987) The Mortgage MarkitPP.120-127. (lE18) : Jl Boleat, et al (1992). Bislding Societiok The Reyulatory Franenatr IIfj (tt19) : .JltfIllllffR+-!:.!ii • 1993¥4,ij18B • (~20) : ~!Il. (1002) ::Eniif!}'eZ rftll~~!IlIil!iIlJlfZif!}'eJ 1!tWIii!!II'3.ff§f!lff.IIJUtllll:m:. lII.ffflfil.~ :t~l!I! • fj:jjJ&~~.1'l!I!ltfil • (1t21) : 1J1III.m:R1t'H.fI\$1JB:~~.~*~.lI!IllHtf1i· .Jl~ftIlE· PP259-280. (lE22) : millj!p.1t1l.nm.1t.il1l.M~flJ.@'fltmZMj! • WiiJ'xDilm~nmffi~.~ffi~mZf!+H*.£\. -37.

(38) (84 ). 1t1:U • til'U!t6-3~~6-~.~.:i!'JIiJ • _~ Adrian Ciles (1992), Causes and Characteristics of Arreas and Possessions in Housing Finance. No. 13, PP.10-12. 01£24) : _~ Ford, Janet & Wilcax, Steve (1992), Reducirg Mortgage Arrcars and Possessions. PP. 9-14. (2£25) : ~tIIH!mtlJJ MITR ~.f7lJmtlJJ : JB{*fifj.~81f1J!1~II.tB!e300 • ;jta:j:te270.ll&flJ,iJ, • e30.*~ , • • mlti<&$m25% 'JlUElfrtfifjllPflJ!I~U!!300- (270x25%) =232.5' ;jta:j:te67.5:f€5Mz.:RitfUAlUl! (tt23) :. ~B.~~~&~M-~~'OO:i!'~mM~~mW~~·. (2£26) :.~ Muclennan, Duncan et at (1991). Fairer Subsidies, Faster Growth P. 78. (tt27) :.~ Ingurg into Brifish Housing P. 18. J.ltiJ(t&.Il&l9904'~jEfJU&· (tt28) : f7lJ;m : Duncin Maclenncm, Kenneth Gibb and Alison Move (1991), John Hills (1991), Inquiry into Brifish lfonsing (1991), Daveid Garneff, Barbara Raid, Helen Rilen (1990), Christine Whifeheed (l989).~. (2£29) : ~jHl'19904'*~1tI:UWlI:i!E ' llIM~ZJ1~4"~H'.18.700:f€5 ' ifii@fI~~ , 1ltif:i~.Il&7,500:f€5 ' @fI!i!1llJ f3:tif:i~m9,900:f€. ' .m~m~*[email protected]!I~PiI=mJ;(..t • (U30) :.~ Garnett. D. et. el. (1990). Housing FirenceP.130. (U31) : If._~ Webb, Sheven & Wilcox, Steve (1991), Time for Mortgage Benefts. (U32) : _~~~.:£Kfif~ (1992) afi.i!lf£~3tlIl$lJIl:z.if~' PP.281-285. (U33) :.~ Mark Bo!eat (1985) National Housing Finance SysteinsPP. 7-11. (iit34) : flll Mortgage Bank Sistan tEItBflft,Mm~, ~• • ~ Boleat and Coles (1987) The Moofgerge MarkitPP. 61-71 1lt?l.\~lItEm:nifjjfJft,Mil!t~J!.Il&~1!l ' _~ Boleat (1985) PP.10-11. (U35) : JIiJU33 PP.1l-16. (U36) : ff. ~ Oscar Papa (1992) Housing Sgstems in Europe Pont n ,A Compcrate Study of Homing Finauce. PP. 21-24. (U37) : I'IiIMU • PP. 61-73. (U38) : f.l1frtU ' PP. 124-132. (U39) : IiiIfrtU • PP. 43-50. (tt40) : IiiIfrt2£ ' PP. 82-90. (U41) : IiiIfrtU ' PP. 141-154.. 1. Becvid of Inland Remeune, Inlandd Revenue Statistics(vorious Issues). 2. Boleat. Mark (1985) National Housing Finauce Systens :A Comparative Sfuds 3. (1986) The Bulding Society Industry(2nd Ed. 4. Boleat & Coles (1987) The Mortgage Market. 5. Boleat et. a1 (1992). Building Societies The Regulafory Fromework (3rd. Ed.) 6. Bnilding Societies Association, (1987) Vnderstanding Byilding Societies (3rd. Ed.) 7. (1991) Hausing Finance The Bailding Seciely Model. 8. Contra! Statistical office. Finaucial StarlStics (Varions Issues) 9. Council of Mortgage Lenders, Housing Finance (Various Issues) 10.(1992) Haw to Bay A House. n.Dept. of Employment. Fareily Expendifure Sarrey (Variows Issaes) 12.Dept. of Environment and Bailding Societios Assouation. Sample Survey of Building Society Mortgeges (Various Issues) 13.Dept. of Environment. Scotland Devetpment Dert. Welsh Office, Housing and Construction Stafistics (Various Issues) -38.