Exchanging Design Idea with Homeless
Exchanging Design Idea with Homeless
Student : Chen, Hsuan-Shao
Advisor : Lin, Ming-Huang
A Thesis
Submitted to Department of Computer and Information Science College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
National Chiao Tung University In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Master Of Art in Design
July 2009
Participant Observation Means-end Chain 1. 2. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
ABSTRACT
H
omeless people are considered underprivileged and non-productive because of their
lack of money and the basic social advantages that normal people have. However,
everyone could be homeless in a time of economic depression. And because of
unemployment, more and more people lose their house and become vagrants.
Vagrants drift in parks, stations and underground passages. They look dirty and idle;
therefore, people always treat them as burdens and dangers to our society. Are they
really dangerous or encumbered to us? How do we get along with homeless people
properly? How can we help them and what do they exactly need?
In this study, we observe the context with “Participatory Observation” method, fit it in
homeless people and interact with them; we analyze the needs and deep emotions in
their daily life by “Evaluation Grid Method”.
After analyzing, we summed up and developed the following design principles, which are:
1. Products designed to satisfy their needs and improve their lifestyle, also to control the
budget for mass production. 2. Increasing interaction between local residents and
homeless people is our expectation. 3. Building a friendly public environment to propose
the idea of mutual respect and relations on an equal basis. 4. Generating tacit
understanding mutually for local residents and homeless people by the products. 5. To
exchange mind and thought by the products to know each other more. 6. Products which
encourage homeless people generate creativity, and develop their confidence.
Keyword: homeless, vagrant, underprivileged, Participatory Observation, Means-end Chain, economic depression
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_________ _________
... i ABSTACT ... ii ... iii ... v ... viii ... x ... 1 1-1 ...1 1-1-1 ...1 1-1-2 ...1 1-2 ...3 1-2-1 ...3 1-2-2 ...4 1-3 ...4 1-3-1 ...4 1-3-2 ...5 1-3-3 ...6 1-4 ...7 1-4-1 ...7 1-4-2 ...8 1-5 ...9 ... 10 2-1 ...10 2-1-1 ...10 2-1-2 ...15 2-2 ...16 2-2-1 ...16 2-2-2 ...18 2-2-3 ...21 ... 22 3-1 ...22
3-2 ...24
3-2-1 field study ...24
3-2-2 direct observation ...24
3-2-3 unstructured interviewing ...24
3-2-4 Participant Observation ...24
3-2-5 Means-End Chain Approach MEC ...25
... 26 4-1 ...26 4-2 ...27 4-2-1 ...27 4-2-2 ...30 4-2-3 ...32 4-3 ...39 4-3-1 ...39 4-3-2 MEC Model ...41 4-4 ...42 4-4-1 ...42 4-4-2 ...42 4-4-3 ...43 ... 44 5-1 ...45 5-1-1 ...45 5-1-2 ...48 5-1-3 ...49 5-1-4 ...50 5-2 ...51 5-2.1 ...51 5-2-2 ...53 5-1-3 ...54 5-3 ...56 5-3-1 ...56 5-3-2 ...68 5-3-3 ... 71 5-3-4 ...72
5-4 ...73 5-4-1 ...73 5-4-2 ...74 5-4-3 ...75 ... 76 6-1 ...76 6-2 ...77 6-3 ...77 6-4 ...78 6-5 ...79 ...80 ...80 ...81 ...82 ...83 ...83 ...83 TVBS ...84 ...85 ...87 ...88 IC ...89 ...90
1 ...1
2 ...3
3 ...9
4 ...11
5 Tim Cresswell Place...13
6 2004, ...14
7 ...15
8 ...16
9 ...17
10 2001 ...17
11 by Vestergaard Frandsen - LifeStraw ...18
12 by Architecture for Humanity ...18
13 ...18
14 Q Q-Drum ...19
15 ...19
16 Shelter-Cart the mobile roof + workstation for rag picker ...19
17 Winfried Baumann by elmar hahn studios...19
18 afterwords by Hussein Chalayan...20
19 Garden of Delight during Salone del Mobile by Droog...20
20 Le-Clochard ...20
21 ...21
22 ...21
23 ...21
24 ...21
25 Stuart, Alexander Masters 2007 ...23
26 ...27 27 ...28 28 ...28 29 ...28 30 ...29 31 ...29 32 ...29 33 ...30 34 ...30 35 ...31 36 ...31
37 ...32 38 ...33 39 ...33 40 ...33 41 ...34 42 ...34 43 ...35 44 ...35 45 ...41 46 Logo ...44 47 ...45 48 ...45 49 ...46 50 ...46 54 3D ...47 51 ...47 52 ...47 53 #2 ...47 55 ...48 56 - ...49 57 - ...49 58 ...50 59 #1 ...51 60 #2 ...51 61 ...52 62 ...52 63 ...53 64 ...53 65 ...54 66 - ...55 67 ...56 68 ...56 69 ...57 70 ...57 71 #1 ...58 72 ...59 73 ...60 74 ...60
75 ...61 76 ...61 77 ...62 78 ...63 79 ...63 80 ...64 81 ...64 82 ...65 83 ...65 84 ...66 85 ...67 86 ...68 87 ...69 88 ...69 89 ...70 90 ... 71 91 ...72 92 ...73 93 ...73 94 ...74 95 ...75 96 ...75 97 ...78 98 K7 ...79 1 Means End Table ...49
1-1 1-1-1 1-1-2 1 1 ( by Gino Yang )
2 3
*1. Whyte City
Don’t Applause, Just Throw Money
*2. stigma bodily signs Erving Goffman
1963 Stigma40 discrediting
Goffman attribute
1-2
1-2-1
Design for the other 90% 4
IKEA
2
*4. DESIGN FOR OTHER 90% Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum A Revolution in Design
1-2-2
1-3
1-3-1
homeless resident residentiary
* .
1 2 1995 1 2 3 homelessness 1 2 3 4 Wiggans 1989 1996 P7 McKinney-Vento Act shelter
institution Burt, M. R. & Cohen, B. E. 1989
1-3-2
1995 1995 1995
1-3-3
1-4 1-4-1 6 1999 7 *6. Limits to Growth 1968 1972 *7. environmental ethics
1-4-2
(Green Design)8
*8. (Green Design) (Ecological Design) 20 60 Victor Papanek
3
1-5
( ) ( )
9 10
2-1
the Homeless 1981 Robert Hayes Mitch Snyder
home houseless 1980 1980 O’Flaherty 1996 2-1-1 1950 1968 1994 *9. 1997 53-62 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *10. 1997 53-62
1995 1 2 3 1995 Foucault 4
1. 2. 3. 2003 1996 2000 11 *11.
1999 home 12 houseless 2001 2004 13 SARS
*12. Waston & Austerberry 1986 home as ideal home as experienced
1996 psyche
/id /ego /superego Tim Cresswell
*13. The Salvation Army 1865
6 2004,
14
*14.
2-1-2
homelessness
Wiggans 1989 1996 P7
1984 Department of Housing and Urban
Development HUD Peroff 1987 1996 p8 了 1987 McKinney-Vento Act shelter institution
Burt, M. R. & Cohen, B. E. 1989
Johnson 1995 1 Chronically 2 Situationally 3 Episodically 4 Hidden ) 7
2-2
2-2-1
8
9
10 2001
gentleman of the road
dead
2-2-2
Design for the 90%
Chalayan
LifeStraw Vestergaard Frandsen
Ferrara Design Architecture for Humanity
Weyerhaeuser Company
11 by Vestergaard Frandsen - LifeStraw
Q Q-Drum 75 Q
SELK NAM
SELK BAG
Shelter-Cart the mobile roof + workstation for rag picker
Winfried Baumann elmar hahn studios
14 Q Q-Drum
15
16 Shelter-Cart the mobile roof + workstation for rag picker
afterwords Hussein Chalayan
Garden of Delight during Salone del Mobile 2006 Droog
Le-Clochard
18 afterwords by Hussein Chalayan
19 Garden of Delight during Salone del Mobile by Droog
2-2-3 2-2.3.1 2-2.3.2 2-2.3.3 2-2.3.4 19 2009 1200 21 22 24 23
3-1
Gary
..
25 Stuart, Alexander Masters 2007
15
(Field Study) direct observation
participant observation
Means-End Chain
*15. (Stuart A Life Backwards /Alexander Masters 2007)
3-2
3-2-1 field study
"field study" "field research" "field"
3-2-2 direct observation (Field Study) 3-2-3 unstructured interviewing , 3-2-4 Participant Observation
Harold Garfinkel 1917~ Ethno Methodology
Participant Observation 87, p.41
3-2-5 Means-End Chain Approach MEC
Gutman (1982) expectancy-value theory
:
Gutman 1982 (MEC model)
(Kotler 2003)
26 4-2 4-2-1 16 4-2.1.1 *16.
27 29 28
30 31 32 4-2.1.2 15 4-2.1.3
33 34 4-2.1.4 4 K8 4-2.1.5 4-2-2 600
35
36
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38
39
40
41 42
4-2.3.4
11 12
43
44
4-2.3.6
8
XX
101
19
*18. (Learned Helplessness)
,
Alfred Adler20
will to power striving for superiority
inferiority feeling
compensation withdrawal 4-3 4-3-1 1 means-end table ( )
( ) /
( )
4-3-2 MEC Model
4-4
4-4-1
4-4-3
21
Exchange Idea
LOGO
5-1
5-1-1
47
49
53 #2
543D 51
5-1-2
5-1-3
56 -
5-1-4
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62
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5-2.2
63
64
65
66
67
5-3
5-3-1
70 69
5.24 #2
74 73
76 75
77
79
78
3D
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
90
91
93 92
5-4
5-4-1
.
94
95
96
6-1
6-2
125
6-3
97
6-4
98 K7
6-5
1998 2001 1995 1995 1999 2003 1995 2000 2004 1995 1996
Masters Alexander 2007 Stuart: A Life Backwards
1999
2000 p83-120
Peter M. Senge 1995 The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook
John Lofland / H Lyn H Lofland 2005 /
1996
/ 2005
2001
2006 11
1993 40 3 p75-78
Jerome Ruillier 2003 Petit Carton
1998 { } 379
Oscar Lewis 2004 2003
2007 2007/01/15
Belcher, John, and Paul Erphross. 1989 Toward an Effective practice model for the Social Casework, 70(7): p199-220.
Burt, M. R. & Cohen, B. E. 1989 America's homeless Numbers, characteristics, and programs that serve
Goffman, E. 1963 Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Touchstone.
Gold, R. L. 1969 Roles in Sociological Field Observations. In George McCall and J. L.
Simmons, J. L. eds. , Issues in Participant Observation. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley. pp. 30-39. Hertzberg, E. 1992 The Homeless in the United States : Conditions, Typology and
Social Work, v35, p149-161.
Johnson, A. K. 1995 Homelessness. Encyclopedia of Social Work Washington, D.C. :National Association of
Social Workers.,19 th, 1338-1347.
Peroff, K . 1987 Who Are The Homeless and How Many Are There? In Bingham, Green & White 1989
The Homeless In Contemporary Society, Newbury Park, CA :Sage.,p.33-45. Waston, S., & Austerberry, H. 1986 Housing and Homelessness : A feminist & Kegan Paul.
Wiggans, A. 1989 Youth Work and Homelessness in England. children and Youth Service Review, 11 : 5-29.
Homeless News 2007.10 Available at http://www.peopo.org/homelessnews 21 Available at http://www.bnext.com.tw/NotablesView_302 Available at http://www.heryin.com/mono_2003-2.htm Available at http://forums.chinatimes.com.tw/special/vagrant/ Available at http://rdec.moi.gov.tw/cgi/hypage.cgi?HYPAGE=search_result_detail2.hpg&plan_no=093000000AU631005 Available at http://blog.yam.com/strayclub Practices of Diaspora Available at http://practicesofdiaspora.wordpress.com/ Available at http://psy.nccu.edu.tw/~mental_health94/group4/05.html
2009/05/29
遊民的生活世界始終是個謎？交大研究生曾經接受遊民幫忙，決定深入遊民世界並幫遊民設計一連串的 生活用品，做以便床鋪，灑上辣椒的鞋底可以取暖，還有萬能背心不僅可以塞東西還可以保暖，研究生 說遊民世界需要你我去瞭解！
The lives of homeless has always been a mystery the world? National Chiao Tung University graduate students who are homeless to help, the decision in depth and help homeless vagrant world design a series of daily necessities, so to bed, the soles can 洒上 pepper heating, there is universal not only to plug things vest can also be warm, post-graduate, said the world needs homeless you and me to understand!
不起眼的公園座椅，轉個身變成了床鋪，成為遊民需要的用品！中間的毛刷還有清潔作用，只要一點水 就可以讓遊民輕鬆清潔！還有速食店裡的辣椒粉，靈機一動發明這個辣膠鞋墊，還有萬能背心，所有大 包小包的東西都夠塞！因為高中時和遊民的接觸，讓他從此對遊民研究開啟興趣。
Inconspicuous seat of the park, who turned into a bed to become homeless in need of supplies! The middle of cleaning the role of the brush, as long as water can be so easy to clean homeless! There's fast-food chili powder, invented the hot glue inspiration insoles, as well as universal vest, all packages are enough things that plug! High school and homeless because of the contacts, then let him open the interest of the homeless research.
為了體驗遊民生活，一年多來多次到台北車站跟遊民蹲在一起，聽他們的故事！在創作畢業展上，研究 生用燈光投影出地下街遊民生活實景＞ 這個不起眼的公園座椅，轉個身就變成床鋪，不要小看這可是 遊民朋友很需要的！<現場音 研究生 陳炫劭 >陳炫劭為了了解遊民吃、睡、洗澡和保暖等生活困難， 思考用設計專長幫助遊民。
Homeless in order to experience life on many occasions over the past year to the Taipei Train Station, together with the homeless squatting, listening to their stories! Graduation show at the creation, post-graduate with a light projector real underground street vagrant life> this inconspicuous seat park, turn into a body on the bed, do not look down on this is very much needed homeless friends! <Live audio Graduate Shao Xuan Chen> Chen Shao Xuan In order to understand the homeless to eat, sleep, bathing and warm and so hard to make a living, thinking with the design expertise to help the homeless.
一張白天用來坐的公園戶外椅，夜裡將把手翻轉一下，就變成睡覺的床鋪，中間的毛刷還有清潔作用。
Used to sit in a park during the day and outdoor chairs, the night you will flip the handle, it becomes a bed to sleep in the middle of cleaning the role of the brush.
這個洗頭刷，只要一點水就可以清潔讓遊民很省事<訪問 > 冬天裡天氣冷颼颼，該如何是好呢？速食 店裡的辣椒粉，可是去寒的好工具，陳炫劭靈機一動發明這個辣膠鞋墊<訪問 陳炫劭 >還有萬能背心， 遊民大包小包東西超多，不用怕，這件背心絕對夠你塞<訪問 > 陳炫劭說，高中參加術科甄試時，為
省錢搭深夜火車到台中，在火車站等天亮時，有一遊民順手扔了個紙箱給他睡；當時他心裡很嘔，覺得 這些人好手好腳不做事， 還從此以後他對遊民有興趣<訪問 陳炫劭 >真實的遊民生活狀態像謎般吸引 著陳炫劭，近一年多來，他多次到台北車站跟遊民蹲在一起。 他假裝菸掉了、食物掉了，跟他們套交情，聽他們的故事，甚至還被遊民伯伯罵，要他好好唸書，不要 學人家混街頭！」蓮蓬頭套在保特瓶上，就可方便洗澡；有很多口袋的背心，可以塞進破報紙和襪子， 十分保暖，還能把家當帶著走。
He pretends to smoke out, the Food and lost,套交情 with them, listening to their stories, and even homeless man was also called to make him a good school and not, they mixed the streets! "Shower set in paute bottles, you can easily take a bath; there are many pockets of the vest, you can break into newspaper and socks, very warm, but also to go with family belongings.
最特別的是，他看到遊民走進肯德基拿了一包辣椒粉，抹在腳底就能全身暖呼呼，他也幫遊民設計了紅 通通的辣椒鞋墊。
The most special is that he went to see the homeless get a bag of Kentucky Fried Chicken chilli powder, whole body will be able to put on the soles of the feet nice and warm, he also designed to help homeless insoles bright red peppers.
交大應藝所工藝組多名學生昨天舉行創作畢業展，陳炫劭在一堆紙箱前，用燈光投影出地下街的遊民生 活狀態，
By National Chiao Tung University Art Technology Group should be more creative graduate students exhibition held yesterday, Chen Shao-hyun in a pile of cardboard boxes before the projector lights up the ground floor with the homeless street life
