傑出作家生涯歷程之探究

ໃנ܂୮سෑᖵ࿓հ൶ߒ

ഋࡿሺ

*

ኴʳ ʳ ૞

ຍਢԫ᤾૪ᎅໃנ܂୮ψسෑᖵ࿓ωऱ֮ᖂհᚭΔᏣխԿۯໃנ܂୮ΰᆺف ᛑΕ᝻ፌਙΕ႓ਞࣔαਢ׌ߡΔۖݺঞਢፘ؀லشᢴᙰᎅᚭऱႚሒृΔ྽૿ܧ෼ ऱֱڤਢᆖط෡৫๶ᓫ֗፦ႃઌᣂ֮ٙᇷறऱֱڤၞ۩ᓤڤଡூઔߒΔᖕאᛵᇞ ໃנ܂୮ऱ֮ᖂسෑᖵ࿓Ζ ጵٽᨠ઎֨൓ፖ࿨࣠Δ౿༼נאՀ࿨ᓵΚຍԿۯໃנ܂୮ឈڶထ௘ฆऱګ९ હནፖറᄐسෑᖵ࿓ऱ᠏މΔྥۖথڇسࡎऱൣᆏխ֍೬נཏٵऱᣂ᝶૞ైΔڂ ڼګ༉Աהଚ࿰ᥓऱψ֮ᖂፘ؀ωΔڕΚ୮அ௛ࣷ۞طΕس९ᛩቼ༼ࠎ᠆༄໌܂ᄭΕ ᖂீᛩቼഛ塄ᔹᦰऱᘋᔊΕ֮ᖂسෑᇙૹ૞הԳऱ֧ᏆΕषᄎ֮֏֗ழזહནऱ ሖٽΖཚৱຘመԫኟኟسࡎਚࠃऱዝנΔലઔߒ࿇෼ፖ֮᣸֘৸ऱូ࿨Δᖞ෻נ ءՒ֏ऱᖂ฾ࠢᒤΔᨃޓڍڶ֨ԳދԵΔᤉۖၲඔຯएԳ֨ፖࠠ໌ທࢤऱ֮ᖂՕ ॰Δא᠆দԳᣊऱཕᐝΖ

ᣂ᝶ဲΚ܂୮Εسෑᖵ࿓Ε୮அᛩቼΕᖂீᛩቼΕषᄎ֮֏

* ഏم؀᨜ஃᒤՕᖂ௽௘ඒߛᖂߓඒ඄

ໃנ܂୮سෑᖵ࿓հ൶ߒ

ഋࡿሺ

ᄔʳ ՗

ߨၞᆵक़ֽ૿ઃ֮ີऱ֮ᖂፘ؀Δ໌რࡷڕ৷࣋ڇᄻߣऱ᜗क़Δᡰᡰᙟထృ ᕠ࿆໱ऱ܂୮ۖ᤯ᆵΔާᑨऱ֨ڇભནऱᖔ೯Հ൝൝᠏ᙌΞڇຍຝ֮ᖂᚭᏣऱᆏ ৉ᇙΔኟದΔਢਚࠃඖᎅছऱலػΙృᕠ࿆໱Δঞਢ܂୮سࡎਚࠃऱփᤖΙ່৵ ֍೬נ܂୮ߡۥᇙऱཏٵࢤΔהଚԫኟኟՂዝထࠡࢬܘԺᇭᤩऱߡۥΔᡖထ९ۂ ৵௡ංছ௡౳ऱ֨ൣΔ૞ᨠฒาา᧯ᄎਚࠃᇙࢬܧ෼ऱփොΔᤉۖլឰچႚࢭՀ װΖ

ፃᓵΚኟದΞ

࿇٠ऱ֮ᖂ໌܂᜔ᄎܮ֧ڶᘋᔊऱԳছװᨠ઎Δۖຍࠄ܂঴إਢໃנ܂୮ך ު໌ທԺऱ୶෼ΙClarkΰ1988αܛᎁ੡ψ໌ທԺωਢᇷᚌऱ່೏।෼Ζהଚڇ֮ ᖂፘ؀Ղሎᤂേ␇چڜඈᏣխԳढᔞழچዝנΔՈਐཀૉࡳچڇ۞աऱԳسፘ؀ ᇙృᕠ࿆໱Δאԫଡवᢝٝ՗ऱߡ৫ࠐᇭᤩהࢬᏆฃऱ୮ၢհભፖેᑗኾתऱԳ سΖۖݺΔڼࠥႛਢԫଡፘ؀லऱᢴᙰ༳༽ृΔཚৱܧ෼ຍԿۯ܂୮ΰᆺفᛑΕ ᝻ፌਙΕ႓ਞࣔαլ୲ᙑመऱ壄൑ߡ৫Ζ

லػΚ೯ᖲ

ໃנ܂୮ऱ܂঴ڇԫኟኟჺՂᘛኟ৵Δ壆ڕሽᐙխπࠝ՗ऱՕनೝρհ࣍႓ ਞࣔΔπᕙ٧क़ρհ࣍᝻ፌਙ࿛Δᢴᙰᇙᙰ๺๺ڍڍ᝚ԳᑷෝऱᆏൣΔߒຶࡉ܂୮ ऱسࡎᑌᎎڶ༓։壀ۿΛຍਢݺუ൶ߒऱԫଡದរΔۖࠡسෑᖵ࿓Ծਢڕ۶ڇ֮ ᖂऱᏆ഑ᇙኛ᥻ᙰߡΔᤉ֧ۖᏆထהଚԫޡԫޡߨՂ֮ᖂհຜΔຍᅝխऱૹ૞ڂ

ైΔޓਢݺუឯ࠷נࠐፖฒ։ࠆऱΖ

Sosniak(1997)མא Bloom Study(1985)ऱ 125 ۯڇքଡᏆ഑խ।෼ໃנृ੡ ࠏΔᎅࣔ௽௘թ౨ऱ࿇୶ਢ൓۞࣍๺ڍԳ֗ष೴ऱ֭གΔૉ֟ԱຍࠄԳᎾΰ୮அΕ ඒஃΕٵᕦ֗ࠡהԳՓαא֗ष೴Εषቸ࿛ऱ֭གΔঞྤऄሒࠩໃנऱګ༉Ζ׌ ૞طඒஃ֗୮९ิګऱګԳ֭਍ቸ᧯Δኙ࣍৘՗؈ඓፖګפழຟ૞༼ࠎઌᅝऱ֭ ਍৫Δኙ࣍؈ඓ૞ီ੡ਢԫጟਗᖏΖۖለՕऱषᆢࢨष೴ቸ᧯ঞױ༼ࠎٺጟڣ᤿ ऱߡۥᄒᑓא֗ڍցऱ൶౉ᖲᄎΖڂڼΔڇ൶ߒໃנ܂୮سෑᖵ࿓ऱᅝխΔڕ࣠ ౨஢஦נהଚ໌܂ᄭᙰᇙऱسࡎփොΕ೶ፖ໌܂ዝנऱᣂ᝶Գढፖ֮ᖂፘ؀ऱޢ ԫଡ༟ેፖ໛ங྽૿Δ߷ྤॺኙඒߛՠ܂ृ֗ڶᘋᔊ࣍ڼᏆ഑ऱԳଚڶ๕Օऱܗ 墿Ζ

ᆏؾ।Κֱऄ

ڇ໌ທԺऱઔߒխΔψᓤڤଡூઔߒωਢ२ڣࠐऱઔߒ᝟ႨΔڕ ArnheimΔ BarronΔ BloomΔCsikszentmihalyiΔGardner ֗ Gruber ࿛Գኙ࣍೏໌რृऱՠ܂ ֗س੒հ൶ߒΰPolicastro & GardnerΔ1999αΔהଚኙ࣍೏໌რृ֗ڶໃנګ༉ृ ऱسෑઔߒΔڍתਢආ࠷ଡܑ๶ᓫ֗ઌᣂᇷறΰڕ۞ႚΕس੒׾Εઔߒထ܂αऱ ։ֱ࣫ڤΖڕ Barron(1969)ኙ࣍೏໌რ܂୮ऱઔߒץܶԱ؄ଡ׌૞ऱ๶ᓫփොΚ 1. س੒׾Ι2.റᄐՠ܂ЁଡԳࢬᙇᖗऱֱٻፖࠡԫسऱᣂএΙ3.س੒ୃᖂΙ4.ଡԳऱ ᆖ᧭Δ່׌૞ऱਢ൶ಘψՠ܂ऱس੒ωΖ ڂڼΔءઔߒܛਢᆖط෡৫๶ᓫ֗፦ႃઌᣂ֮ٙᇷறऱֱڤၞ۩ᓤڤଡூઔ ߒΔᖕאᛵᇞໃנ܂୮ऱ֮ᖂسෑᖵ࿓ΖཚৱຘመԫኟኟسࡎਚࠃऱዝנΔലઔ ߒ࿇෼ፖ֮᣸֘৸ऱូ࿨Δᖞ෻נءՒ֏ऱᖂ฾ࠢᒤΔᨃޓڍڶ֨ԳދԵΔᤉۖ ၲඔຯएԳ֨ፖࠠ໌ທࢤऱ֮ᖂՕ॰Δא᠆দԳᣊऱཕᐝΖ

֮᣸Κൕኟ৵ऱߡ৫န৸

༳ᢴृૉ૞ຘመᢴᙰᨃᨠฒኙᚭᏣ׌ᠲऱփොڶຘኧऱԱᇞΔؘႊൕᖵ׾౧ ࿮Εᅝזषᄎહནፖࡌᔡᛩቼઌյᐙ᥼ऱࣷ໮֗ኟ৵ٺଡߡ৫ࠐ٤૿ࢤऱᨠ઎Δ թ౨ڶࢬᏆฃፖ᧯ᄎΔᤉۖႚሒנݙᖞऱრ࢚ፖࠠ࿨ዌࢤऱ྽૿Ζ༉ቝৰڍ֨෻

ᖂ୮ኙ࣍೏໌რृऱઔߒኙွਢಾኙ܂୮ऱΔ׊א౧࿮࠷ٻऱᓤڤଡூઔߒऄለ ౨෡Եچᛵᇞઔߒኙွհ௽ᔆΕګ९ᖵ࿓Εၞ۩໌܂հᖵ࿓֗ࠡࢬ๠հᛩቼፖ֮ ֏հᐙ᥼࿛(Mayer, 1999)Ζʳ ܂୮ऱسෑᖵ࿓ਢଡԳࡉषᄎ֮֏ઌյᐙ᥼ऱ࿨࣠Δ່৵ٌᘜנ࿰ᥓऱ໌܂ سࡎΔۖࠡسࡎٺଡၸ੄ᇙऱᐙ᥼ڂైץਔΚ୮அᛩቼΕᖂீᛩቼΕ௽ࡳᏆ഑ऱ ૹ૞הԳΕषᄎ֮֏֗ழזહན࿛Δ౿։૪ڕՀΚ

ԫΕ୮அᛩቼ

୮அਢଡԳګ९መ࿓խ່ॣࡨ൷ᤛऱᛩቼΔڕٵڇྤুऱ़ၴၗᒵխ່٣ބ ࠩࡳۯऱஆᑑၗΔڂڼԫଡԳऱسෑ࿇୶ࡉ୮அຍଡॣࡨរڶထയ֊ऱᣂᜤΖໃ נԳढऱ୮அᛩቼൕຆܺΕ՛ൈ۟༄ᇛઃڶΔࢬאڼڂైۿ׏լਢԫૹ૞ऱᐙ᥼ ڂైΙటإૹ૞ऱᣂ᝶ڂైԯਢ۞طا׌ऱඒ塄ֱڤ֗ቔᚐፖ֭਍ऱኪ৫ΰຫਟ ᏚΔ2003αΖٵழהଚڇ࿙ڣழཚܛ୶᥻ኙ࣍ᇠᏆ഑հᖺদᘋᔊΔۖ׀ئࢨ୮խ९ ᔘ౨ᛜທךኔڍᑌऱس੒ᛩቼթ൓אທ༉נլឰᇢ൶ऱ೯ԺΔ੷ۖ࿇୶ګ੡ԫس ऱ៭ݳΰࣥࢉ؀Δ1999αΖ ௅ᖕ Weisburg ֗ Springner ࣍ 1961 ڣኙ࣍ࠠڶ໌ທԺࠝ࿙ऱ׀ئհྒྷ᧭ፖ૿ ᓫऱ࿨࣠Δ᧩قຍࠄ׀ئຟࠠڶאՀऱ௽ᐛΔྤԫࠏ؆Κΰ1α׀ئ༄࣍।ሒࢤ׊ ྤᕏ႒ࢤΔᘣ՗հၴຟլឆᗠൣፃΙΰ2α൷࠹՗Ֆऱಯ᠏෼ွΔᨃהଚငࣚچ। ෼ᆇ௛Δ׀ئءߪೝዿՈᄎ।෼ԫࠄ१۔ᝫ࿙ऱؔᆇ۩੡Ιΰ3α׀ئᠨֱຟࠠڶ ᗑمࢤΔ׊׀ئኙ࣍৘՗ਢאඔ࿇ࢤऱ֧ᖄۖॺጥࠫΔլᆃַ৘՗࿇୶۞աऱ׈ ੺ᨠΔޓլഒ਍৘՗ፖהଚࠠڶٵᑌऱᏝଖᨠΙΰ4αࠠڶ໌რऱ৘՗ൄ൓ࠩٵࢤ ׀ئऱ֭਍ΰ֧۞ພڶ⾍Δ1983αΖ Csikszentmihalyiΰ1996αࢬၞ۩հઔߒ࿇෼ࠩڰڣऱګ९હནፖᆖ᧭ኙ໌ທ Ժऱ࿇୶ᐙ᥼෡᎛Δڕإ૿ऱ୮அᆖ᧭ΕᖿᚐऱൣტᛩቼΕ᠆༄ऱ֮֏ᙊขΕฒ ڍᖲᄎऱܧ෼Ε೏৫ऱཚ๺࿛Δ݁౨ࠨᖿ໌ທԺऱ࿇୶ΖৰڍઔߒਐנΔڕ࣠׀ ئ౨ڇ৘՗ऱګ९ཚၴΔ༼ࠎ࿯הଚڶᔊऱΕ೏৫֭਍ऱΕფऱΕإٻᗨᄕΕ۞ طΕၲ࣋Εငᔞऱ୮அᛩቼΔঞኙ࣍࿇୶৘՗ऱ໌ທᑨ౨ਢৰڶᚥܗऱ(SchwartzΔ 1975)Ζ

ԲΕᖂீᛩቼ

ᖂீᛩቼਢ༼ࠎ܂୮ᔹᦰፖᐊ܂ऱഗ៕ಝᒭ໱ࢬΔۖ໌რ܂঴ऱขנإᏁڶ

वᢝഗ៕೚੡৵એΔψٗ൩ࢂࣁϙሶ؂΋ՏࣴزჹຝǴόፕࢂ᛬ೌৎ܈ࣽᏢৎǴ೿ ΋ ӆ ம ፓ ୷ ҁ ޕ ᛽ ޑ ख़ ा ܄ Ǵ ჹ Ꮲ ࣽ ಄ ဦ ޑ ૻ ৲ ک ୷ ҁ ำ ׇ ा ֹ ӄ ዕ ஼ ω ΰ˖̆˼˾̆̍˸́̇̀˼˻˴˿̌˼Δ˄ˌˌˉαΖ܀ਢΔᖂீඒߛՈױ౨ਢԫଡލࠫ໌ທԺऱڂైΔመ ৫ࠫڤ֏ऱ़ၴ֗ൎᓳહ፽ۖྤඔ࿇ڤऱඒᖂΔऱᒔਢॴᡶ໌ທԺ࿇୶ऱԫଡૹ ՕڂైΖψᖂۯ֗ඒߛ࿓৫լߠ൓ፖ֮ᖂ໌ທԺڶᣂωΔڼፖԭᘋ壁ΰ2:9:αઔߒ ݺഏᖵז܂୮ऱ։࣫࿨࣠ઌٵΖהᎁ੡ඒߛ࿓৫ፖ໌ທ࿇ࣔױ౨ਢګଙұڗীڴ ᒵᣂএऱΖՈ༉ਢᎅΔ໌ທᏁ૞ഗءऱवᢝ܂੡ഗ៕Δ܀ਢ၌။መਬጟ࿓৫א৵Δ መڍऱवᢝՈױ౨ࠌԳະ࣍௿䠏ΔڂۖૻࠫԱ໌ທԺऱ࿇୶Ζ! ڂڼΔᖂீᛩቼխࠠቔᚐፖ֧ᖄऱඒᖂֱڤਢഛߛ໌ທԺԳթऱૹ૞ᣂ᝶Δ ૉ౨ᨃᖂسڇڼԫழཚ൶౉נࠡᣋრ٤֨ދԵऱᘋᔊΔ߷Ꮦהଚ༉။ڰีᗨറᄐ Ꮖ഑ऱഗ៕Δᤉۖڶໃנऱ।෼ΖBloom(1985)མኙ 125 ۯڇքଡᏆ഑ (ཾࣺᙇ֫Ε ጻ෺ᙇ֫Εᙓྶዝ৉୮Εᙡࠥ୮Εᑇᖂ୮֗壀ᆖس෻ᖂृ) խ।෼ໃנΔ׊ڣ᤿ ڇ 35 ᄣאՀृၞ۩෡৫๶ᓫऱઔߒΖ࿨࣠࿇෼ຍࠄ௽௘թ౨ृऱ٥ٵ௽ᔆਢΚה ଚຟᆖመԱԫ੄९ཚܘԺऱመ࿓Δ׊ᛧ൓ߜړऱቔᚐΕ塄ߛΕඒߛ֗ಝᒭΖຍࠄ ڶໃנ।෼ृΔڇ࿇୶ࠡ௽௘թ౨ऱॣཚΔਢലࠡᅝګ௣᎞Δ੡ᇢ൶ࢤऱၸ੄Ζ ᆖመԫ੄ழཚհ৵٦ၞ۩༛ݧዬၞऱᖂ฾੒೯Δࠀᆖطૹ૞הԳЁඒஃࢨඒᒭऱ ֧ᖄΔ༼ֽࣙࠡᄷΖ່৵ᖵᆖ९ཚऱಝᒭࢨઔߒΔڶઌᅝګ༉հ৵ΔঁڇᇠᏆ഑ ᇙᑨ֨࿇୶Ζ

ԿΕ௽ࡳᏆ഑ऱૹ૞הԳʳ

ᣂ࣍ૹ૞הԳऱ֧ᖄΔSimonton ࿇෼ߡۥᄒᑓױشࢤኙ࣍ໃנԳթऱ࿇୶ڶ إٻ܂شΔψߡۥᄒᑓױشࢤωএਐԫۯ໌ທृڇࠡ࿇୶ழཚΔषᄎՂڶڍ֟ᇠᏆ ഑ऱໃנԳթױࠎࠡᑓُࢨᖂ฾ΰ֧۞ԭᘋ壁Δ2000αΖৰڍԳطԫۯߜஃ֧ᖄΔ ၞԵ࡛ᔊऱᏆ഑Δ࢓࢓ڶ߷Ꮦԫۯߜஃ౨։ᙃנ৘՗ऱړ࡛֨ፖ౨ԺΔၲࡨഛ塄 ৘՗ڇᇠᖂઝᏆ഑ش֨Δਬࠄ໌ທࢤԳढڶԫ९٨ຍᑌऱ۔ஃΰ˖̆˼˾̆̍˸́̇̀˼˻˴˿̌˼Δ ˄ˌˌˉαΖʳ ׼؆Δ໌ທګ࣠ਢܡࠠ໌ທࢤΔٍڶৱറᄐᏆ഑ऱښ॰Գࠐףאᎁࡳ֗ေ۷Δ ڂڼΔڼԫߡۥՈൄൄਢ֧Ꮖ܂୮ၞԵ֮ᖂᄥഘऱૹ૞֧ᏆհԳΖPolicastro ፖ Gardnerΰ1999αਐנ໌ທԺፖᖂ॰֗Ꮖ഑ڶৰՕऱઌᣂΔڂࠡ෰௫ࠩլٵऱݾ౨Δ ઌฆऱवᢝહནΔא֗௽௘ऱറᄐಝᒭ࿛Ζױߠ൓ڼ௽௘ࢤԯਢط࣍ψറᄐᏆ഑ω հլٵࢬીΖࠃኔՂΔCsikszentmihalyiΰ1996αᎁ੡໌ທԺؘࡳਢڇਬଡ௽ࡳऱ

റ ᄐ Ꮖ ഑ խ ࢬ ข س ऱ Δ ໌ რ ऱ ข س Ꮑ ૞ א ௽ ࡳ Ꮖ ഑ ऱ റ ᄐ व ᢝ ੡ ഗ ៕ Ζ Dtjlt{founjibmzj ऱߓอᑓڤխࢬ༼נऱรԲႈ૞ైψᖂ॰ω)gjfme*Δڼץܶ Աࢬڶފዝښ॰ऱߡۥृΙۖ໌ທࢤԳढױࡳᆠ੡ڇ৸უፖ۩೯Ղޏ᧢ԱᏆ഑Δ ࢨ৬مᄅᏆ഑ऱԳΔۖᏆ഑ऱޏ᧢൓ڶઌᚨᖂ॰ऱֆᎁࢨਢᚈᎁΖ!

؄Εषᄎ֮֏֗ழזહན

઺ᔞհ٣سམߢΚψԫଡழזڶԫଡழזऱ֮ᖂωΰࣥቯ໻Εᓐై॑Δ1980αΔ ܂୮ࢬ஼ᐊऱ৸უܛਢԫጟ֮֏ฤᒘΖ֮֏এਐԫጟ։ࠆᎁवΕ۩੡Ε฾ঋΕᏝ ଖΕ๵ঞא֗ွᐛऱߓอΔፖԳଚࢬ๠հषᄎፖढ෻ᛩቼขسٌյ܂شΰLubartΔ 1999αΖ ԭᘋ壁ΰ2001αᎁ੡ໃנԳढࠀॺᙟᖲऱᑌءΔהଚਢԫᆢᗑ௽ऱԳΔໃנ Գढऱټᜢਢषᄎ෼ွࢨଅ௛ऱԫጟ֘ਠΖլٵषᄎऱໃנԳढհ։࣫Δױא֘ ਠנᇠழזࢨᇠषᄎऱᏝଖࢬڇΖ Simonton ലԫଡ౨আၞ໌ທԺऱڶܓڂైጠհ੡ψᢰᒴωΰmarginalityαΔڼ ڗऱࠡխԫଡრ৸რ࠺ထس੒ڇࠟጟ֮֏հխΔڶઌᅝڍࠠڶ໌ທԺऱԳଚਢร ԫזࢨรԲזऱฝاΔהଚ൓אᖩሀࠟጟ֮֏Δڂڼ౨אᄅऱֱऄࠐ઎ৱৰڍࠃ ढΖ ܂୮ڇუऄՂऱ஁ฆኙ࣍ءߪऱ஼ᐊଅ௑ፖขנऱ܂঴ऱփڇ೯ᖲٍڶᛩᛩ ઌڬऱᣂᜤࢤΖLubartΰ1999αਐנֱࣟ۫ኙ࣍໌ທԺऱࡳᆠਢڶࠄ஁ฆऱΔה ᎁ੡ֱ۫ኙ࣍໌ທԺऱࡳᆠለထૹڇขנᄅ࡛֗ڶᏝଖऱ܂঴Ιֱۖࣟኙ࣍໌ທ Ժऱࡳᆠঞ੡ଡԳऱየߩტΔኙ࣍టઌհಳءᄩᄭΔ۞ݺګ९א֗෡ᐋऱփڇ۞ ݺᤚव࿛ᄗ࢚ΔڼፖԳء֨෻ᖂࢬᎁ੡հ໌ທԺԯਢ۞ݺኔ෼ऱԫຝٝհᨠរᏅ ᣊۿΖ!

ֱऄΚᆏؾ।

ᚭᏣᖞ᧯ܧ෼ऱੌዃ৫ࠉᘸထᆏؾ।ऱڜඈԫኟԫኟऱዝנထΔڕٵઔߒመ ࿓խᣤ᠃լױᙊዥऱޡᨏΔႊሰาᣇᙊऱ٨נዝנټጠΰઔߒ׌ᠲαΕዝנृΰઔ ߒ೶ፖृαፖᆏؾႉݧΰઔߒ࿓ݧαΖ

ԫΕઔߒ೶ፖृ

ءઔߒԯਢאԿۯໃנ܂୮႓ਞࣔΕ᝻ፌਙא֗ᆺفᛑ੡׌᧯ΰᇡ।ԫαၞ ۩ᓤڤଡூઔߒΔהଚઃམᛧ൓ψഏ୮֮ᢌᑻωΖψഏ୮֮ᢌᑻωհ๻ᆜऱؾऱԯ ੡ᑻᚐࠠڶ࠱။ࢤፖีᗨࢤګ༉Δ׊२ڣ਍ᥛ໌܂հໃנᢌ֮ՠ܂ृΖࢬᘯψี ᗨࢤګ༉ωΔਢਐ֮ᢌՠ܂ृ९ཚދࣹ֮֏ᢌ๬ՠ܂ΔีᗨԱઌᅝऱ܂঴Δࠀ׊਍ ᥛڇᇠᏆ഑փ໌܂ᛧ൓ګ༉Δኙषᄎࠠڶႚࢭ֗ᐙ᥼ऱ܂شΔڂڼፖ൓ᑻृऱڣ ᤿ΕᖂᖵΕહན޲ڶؘྥऱᣂএΔۖਢאࠡ໌რࡉᢌ๬Ղऱګ༉੡׌૞ەၦωΰ႓ ટ॑Δ2000αΖݺଚࢬࡳᆠऱψ໌რԳωএਐࠡՠ܂ਢߩא᧩ထچᐙ᥼ࠩᇠᏆ഑آ ࠐऱߨٻृΰPolicastro & Gardner,1999αΔۖຍԿۯ܂୮ઃམᛧ൓֮ᢌᑻΔז।ࠡ ڇᇠᏆ഑ऱګ༉ፖᐙ᥼Ζ ।ԫʳ ܂୮១ᖵ ܂୮ ᆺفᛑ ᝻ፌਙ ႓ਞࣔ נسڣٝ 1925 ڣ 1925 ڣ 1935 ڣ נسچ س࣍؀তؑ س࣍௒Ⴜᚊᑧၢ س࣍ࡵᥞᢅࣟ ൓ᑻࡻڻ รնࡻ รԿࡻ รԲࡻ ֮ᢌᑻ൓ᑻ෻ط: ௽ۥፖಥ᣸ ΰ ኴ ᙕ ۞ ತ ቸ ऄ Գ ഏ ୮ ֮ ֏ ഗ ८ ᄎጻీα ᆺ ف ᛑ ੡ ᖩ ሀ ֲ ᖕ ழ ཚ ፖ ᖏ ৵ ׈ ז ऱ ૹ૞܂୮Δڇ՛ᎅ໌ ܂Ε֮ᖂေᓵΕ֮ᖂ ׾ ৬ ዌ ፖ ֮ ᖂ ៬ ᤟ ֱ૿݁࠱ڶګ༉Ζཇ ૤ ۞ ໧ ऱ ֚ ᥧ ࡎ ሎΔ܌ࣚ፿ߢᎽᡶፖ ਙएܺቼΔฅسൕࠃ ֮ᖂऱಳޣΖፂ਍໌ ܂سࡎማքԼڣΔ߱ վ ս ݖ ݖ ࣍ ֮ ᢌ ભ ᖂऱᛜທΔྤᓵڇග ᆢΕࢤܑΕၸ్ᤜᠲ ՂΔ݁౨ଫ᥽Δւ੡ ֮ᖂࠢᒤΖ ᝻ ፌ ਙ ९ ཚ ൕ ࠃ ֮ ᖂ໌܂Δݙګڍຝ९ ᒧ՛ᎅΔۖ׊໌܂ᒤ ໮ᐈᐖΔץਔ९ᒧ՛ ᎅ Ε ࿍ ᒧ ՛ ᎅ ႚ ಖ ࿛Δ੡ᑇ੷ڍΖ֮ࠡ ᖂ ໌ ܂ ୶ ෼ ۍ ڣ ࠐ ऱ ष ᄎ ෼ ኔ א ֗ ֨ ᨋऱګ९መ࿓Δ༴ᐊ ኙွլૻዧගΔࠀ௫ ֗଺۰اऱس੒Δਢ ᖏ ৵ ร ԫ ז ܂ ୮ խ ႉ ܓ ሀ ။ ፿ ֮ Ꮍ ᡶΕ֮ڗ।ሒ֗՛ᎅ ᢌ ๬ ݁ ڶ ໃ נ । ෼ ऱࠢᒤΖ ႓ ਞ ࣔ ऱ ՛ ᎅ ൕ ၢ Ւᆖ᧭נ࿇Δ෡Եس ੒෼໱Δᣂᡖ࠲პԳ ढΔኙԳࢤ༇ᣤ֗଩ ෻ ᘣ ൣ ຟ ڶ ෡ ࠥ ༴ ᐊΖࠡ܂঴֘ਠ؀᨜ ൕ ል ᄐ ष ᄎ ࿇ ୶ ࠩ ՠ ᄐ ष ᄎ ऱ ᧢ ᔢ ૩ ᇾΔ፿ߢ੒ᑣΔԳढ س ೯ Δ ਚ ࠃ ֧ Գ Ե ໏Δଅ௑ᗑ௽Δ෡ࠠ ໌რΖ

ԲΕઔߒ࠷ٻ

ءઔߒආشᓤڤଡூઔߒऱݮڤၞ۩Δא෡৫๶ᓫΕ֮ٙ֗હནᇷறհ։࣫ ൶ಘ࿛੡፦ႃᇷறऱֱऄΖޢԫଡ๶ᓫፖ։࣫ऱ࿨࣠ܛਢઔߒ׌᧯ऱԫଡᗑ௽ऱ سࡎਚࠃΔݺᇢቹൕהଚऱسࡎਚࠃխࢼ࠷נٺጟױ౨ᐙ᥼ࠡ໌܂ᖵ࿓հᠲޗΔ ၞۖא׌Εড়ᨠऱߡ৫ࠐ։࣫Ζאড়ᨠऱߡ৫ۖߢΔଡ᧯س९ऱᖵ࿓Εࢬ๠ऱழ זહན֗سࡎխૹՕࠃٙऱ࿇୶հᇷற༉ਢਝࡳլ᧢ऱড়ᨠࠃኔΙۖא׌ᨠऱߡ ৫ࠐ઎Δຘመ۞աኙઔߒ׌᧯ࢬवࢬტऱߡ৫ࠐᇭᤩࠡسෑᖵ࿓Δܛਢԫଡᨠኘ ृ֨ڶࢬტऱ׌ᨠრᢝΖ

ԿΕઔߒ࿓ݧ

ءઔߒਢᚨشᓤڤଡூઔߒऱݮڤ(multiple case study format)ၞ۩հΔא෡৫ ๶ᓫΕᐷᐊ๶ᓫಖᙕΕ֮ٙ֗હནᇷறհ։࣫൶ಘ࿛ֱڤ፦ႃᇷறΖ ڇၞ۩ઔߒհࡨΔ٣਷ᇬഏ୮֮ᢌᑻ൓ᑻᇷற৵Δ٦ᝮᓮԿۯઔߒ׌᧯೶ፖ ءઔߒΔᆖطሽᇩΕႚట֗ e-mail ࿛ֱڤፖઔߒ೶ፖृᜤᢀΖຍԿۯઔߒ೶ፖृ խऱ᝻ፌਙፖᆺفᛑઃৰᑷൣچ൷࠹๶ᓫᝮપΙۖ႓ਞࣔط࣍۩࿓ڦᅻጹྃྤऄ ൷࠹๶ᓫΔࢬאݺڇ 94 ڣ 5 ִ 29 ֲ࣍სᛎՕᖂᜰᙄհψඔ࿇໌რݎរ՗Д໌ທ Ժඒߛઔಘᄎխω௽چᝮપࠡছࠐ׌ᝑψݺऱ໌܂ᆖ᧭ωΔطዝᝑፖኙᓫᅝխऱᇷ றၞ۩։࣫אᇖآၞ۩๶ᓫհᖌΖ ءઔߒڇ๶ᓫऱຝ։ਢאת࿨ዌֱڤၞ۩๶ᓫΔ๶ᓫՕጼ੡ᓮඒઔߒ೶ፖृ سෑᖵ࿓հઌᣂᤜᠲΚ 1. ൞ਢڕ۶ދԵࢨၲࡨኙᐊ܂ขسᘋᔊऱΛ৻Ꮦᄎუᐊ܂ऱΛ ˅ˁʳڇᐊ܂հছΔ൞۞աტᤚམᆖ࠹መ৻ᑌऱඔ፞ࢨಝᒭۖኙ܃ऱᐊ܂ขسᐙ᥼ ऱΛʳ ˆˁʳ࿙ڣऱس੒֗ᖂீس੒խፖ׀ئΕ۔ஃΕכݬࡪࡢΕٵᕦऱյ೯ኙ൞ऱ໌܂ ڶᐙ᥼ႯΛʳ ˇˁʳڇ൞໌܂ऱᄣִᇙڶ޲ڶ௽ܑऱᣂ᝶ཚΕ᠏ඌរΔࢨਢૹ૞ၸ੄Λʳ ˈˁʳழזહནऱس੒ᆖ᧭ፖ܃ऱ՛ᎅ໌܂ڶᣂᜤႯΛʳ 6. ໌܂سෑᇙ່ᣄऱࢨຟ່ૹ૞ऱਗᖏਢչᏖΛ່۞ᎌऱ܂঴ፖࠃٙΛ 7. ൞ሖመኙ൞ՠ܂ऱ৸ە֗ኪ৫ڶᐙ᥼ࢨᖿᚐऱૹ૞ԳՓႯΛ 8. ൞ऱ಻ೝ֗՗Ֆኙ൞ऱؾᑑ֗سෑڶ৻ᑌऱᐙ᥼Λࢨृୌࠄ௽ֱܑ૿ऱ࠰ ܗΛ

9.չᏖԺၦᨃ൞ຍᑌഒ਍ᤉᥛլឰچ໌܂Λ ڇፖ܂୮ᜤ࿮֗๶ᓫཚၴࠀཉᓮઔߒ೶ፖृ༼ࠎઌᣂհ֮ٙΔڕ୶ዝᇷறΕ ထ܂Ε൓ᑻಖᙕΕ۞ႚΕႚಖΕؤಖΕ֮᣸Ε໴ີ໾᧯հઌᣂ໴ᖄ֗ᅃׂ࿛Δא ၞ۩֮ٙ։࣫Ζ๶ᓫݙฅ৵ലᙕଃ൅᠏᝕੡ດڗᒚፖᖞ෻ᒚΖ

؄Εᇷறᖞ෻ፖ։࣫

ءઔߒאઌᣂ֮ٙ։࣫ፖ෡৫๶ᓫ੡׌Δࠡխઌᣂ֮ٙᇷறא۞ႚΕႚಖΕ ؤಖΕઌᣂ֮᣸ፖ໴ᖄ੡׌᧯ΰᇡ೶ە֮᣸αΙۖ๶ᓫᇷறঞ࣍๶ᓫ৵ᖞ෻ګດڗ ᒚΔࠀղאᒳᒘΔڕ᝻ፌਙ੡اഏ԰Լ؄ڣԿִքֲ๶ᓫΔঞᒳᒘ੡Κ๶ᓫѧ940306 ΰڕ।ԲαΖ ।Բʳ ᇷறհ፦ႃփ୲ ܂୮ ᇷற፦ႃ ႓ਞࣔ ᝻ፌਙ ᆺفᛑ ๶ᓫ/ዝᝑ ֲཚ 94/05/29 94/03/06 93/01/20 ๶ᓫ/ዝᝑچរ სᛎՕᖂ ௒Ⴜᚊᑧ᝻ࢌ ೏ႂؐᛜᆺࢌ ֱڤ ዝᝑ ๶ᓫ ๶ᓫ ᒳᒘֱڤ ዝᝑ-940529 ๶ᓫ-940306 ๶ᓫ-930120 ઌᣂ֮ٙΰء/ᒧα 5 4 4 ᇷறऱ๠෻ਢ٣אޢԫۯઔߒ೶ፖृऱ໌܂ᖵ࿓ၞ۩ଡூ։࣫Ι൷ᥛᖞ෻נ سෑᖵ࿓հ٥ຏࢤΖᖞଡ։࣫ᇷறऱ࿓ݧ੡ΚᔹᦰᇷறЁॣޡნᖞЁᒳᒘЁᖞٽ ᣊؾ֗ٻ৫ѧ༈ބ׌ᠲЁᔹᦰ֮᣸Ёូ౏ݮګઔߒ࿇෼Ζ ᖞଡઔߒመ࿓׌૞ਢආشψ։࣫ូ౏ऄωΰanalytic inductionαΔሎش։࣫٣ছ ᇷறࢬ൓ऱ࿨࣠Δ༈ޣᑉழऱ։ᣊႈؾΔ٦אڼ։ᣊ܂੡Հԫޡ։࣫֗ჼႃᇷற ֱٻऱਐ֧Ζྥ৵ലࢬ൓ࠩऱ࿨࣠਍ᥛऱֺለᄗ࢚ᣊܑ֗௽ࢤΔດዬܧ෼׌ᠲΔ ່৵࿇୶נᄗ࢚Ζٵழڇၞ۩ઔߒழΔᕣױ౨ჼႃรԫ֫ᇷறΰᨠኘΕ๶ᓫ֮֗ ٙ࿛αΔᝩ܍መڍංᓵࢤऱᇷறΖല๶ᓫᇷறٌ࿯ઔߒ೶ፖृᒔᎁΕᛀுΔאᒔࡳ ᇷற᠏ᙕፖ։࣫࿨࣠ऱటᒔࢤΖᇷற։࣫ऱመ࿓אቹԫհਮዌቹᎅࣔհΖ

ʳ

ቹԫʳ ᇷற։࣫࿓ݧʳ

ృᕠ࿆໱Κ܂୮ऱسࡎਚࠃ

ԳسڕᚭΔᚭڕԳسΖ܂୮ऱسࡎਚࠃڕٵ۞ա࿝Հऱ՛ᎅൣ࿨Δழۖ৩ᚈ ଅᔊΔழۖᐊኔ೯ԳΔ੷ࢨழۖጽᣝ௡ደΖ ྥۖլጥଅ௑ڕ۶ऱ᠏᧢Δړऱ܂঴ ࡨึڶᗑࠠᐝณऱԳࣲᓾΙۖࠠڶ௽௘թൣऱԳٍլᄎڇԳسऱፘፕՂ๯ୖ޲Δ ԫڕ႕࡙ᇙऱਣ՗Δܛࠌڇྤুऱ፧ऽΔࠉ៱ᄎڶ،۞ߪऱ٠ॽΖ 1. ᔹᦰፖֺኙઌᣂ֮᣸ 2. ូ౏ݮګ࿇෼ א۞ႚΕႚಖΕؤಖΕઌᣂ֮᣸ፖ ໴ᖄ੡׌Δၞ۩ॣޡნᖞΖ

ᔹᦰ܂୮ઌᣂᇷற

ᖞٽᣊؾ֗ٻ৫

ၞ۩๶ᓫ/ዝᝑધᙕ

࿇୶ᄗ࢚

ܧ෼׌ᠲ

1.אԿۯ܂୮ऱسෑᖵ࿓ၞ۩ଡூ։࣫ 2.٦ࠉ܂୮ଡܑհسෑᖵ࿓։੡նଡٻ৫ᖞ෻נ٥ຏࢤΚ ୮அ௛ࣷ۞طʳ س९ᛩቼ༼ࠎ᠆༄໌܂ᄭʳ ᖂீᛩቼਢഛߛᔹᦰᘋᔊऱᄀᤃʳ سࡎխऱ၆ԳД֮ᖂسෑᇙऱૹ૞הԳऱ֧Ꮖʳ षᄎ֮֏֗ழזહནऱሖٽ 1. ᠏᝕ດڗᒚ 2. ᐷᐊᖞ෻ᒚ 3. ല๶ᓫᇷறٌ࿯ઔߒ೶ፖृᒔᎁ 4. ലᇷறᒳᒘ

ԫΕᆺفᛑѧࢌৄऱ֮ᖂរᗉԳ

ψ΢ࡆғΠךӧ೭ঁШࣚ΢Ǵ΋ۓԖ᭘ޑҔཀǴᏃᆅ޼޼౲ғ ύǴךࣺࢂ΋ଫλᑺᛲǴՠࢂλᑺᛲΨѸ໪മ୏Ǵаჴ፬΢ࡆ ޑཀדǴࡽฅךޑമ୏ࢂቪբǴךѸ໪΋ޔቪΠѐǴޔډደҞ ࣁЗωȐယҡᔱǴ2::2ȑǶ! ΰԫα࿙ڣழཚ୮அᛩቼᚌ྅ ᆺفᛑ۞՛ڇᚌ྅ऱᛩቼխ९ՕΔ׀ئᘣኙהऱཚඨਢψѝाόᏢᚯ଺ϙሶ ೿ӳωΖՈڂ੡ຍᑌऱጥඒֱڤᨃᆺفᛑൕ՛༉ױא۞طྤ૤ᖜچ൶౉ڍցऱᘋ ᔊΖהᎅΚ ψӢࣁךৎҁٰࢂεӦЬǴךவλ൩ၸ๱आኴფБԄޑғࢲǴ ܌аךவλ൩ԖᇬߐΓৎޑη׌ޑ΋ᅿߚத຦௼ޑࡘགྷǴך٦ ڙऍǴ٦ڙғࢲޑ኷፪Ǵךϙሶ೿ᔉǴॣ኷ΨᔉǴᛤฝΨᔉǴ ᒳถΨቸள΋ࢬǴךࢂԾρᏢޑǴӢࣁԖᑫ፪܌аωᏢǴךҔ ᒳถቸنӭ޹ޑДӀࠩሳԔǴᗋԖࡐӭޑࠩ༖Ԕ೿཮ቸǶωȐယ ҡᔱǴೖፋ.:41231ȑ! ڇהऱ࿙ڣಖᖋᇙΔהਢԫଡ࠹ጐ؊؊ᡒფ֗ڇᚌ྅ᛩቼխ९Օऱ৘՗Δۖ הհࢬא౨ജᦰထה໛ფऱ஼ΔֹᏁ੡Կ塊ࢬેΔຟᄭ۞࣍נسڇԫଡՕچ׌հ ୮ऱ壂௛ΖڂڼΔהڶထ၆ග౳ऱ৸ەՈຟਈ࣍દᑔኄ౳ऱس੒ࢬᔅΖ ΰԲα֮ᖂسෑऱᖵ࿓ ᆺفᛑൕ՛༉ფ઎஼Δ௽ܑਢխᖂऱழଢΔהױאլ෻ᄎᖂீऱإᆖפᓰΔ ᖞ֚׽ᦰထה໛ფऱၵ஼ΖהᎅΚψ່׌૞ऱ଺ڂਢᖂீቹ஼塢ᇙ᠆༄ऱ៲஼Δൕ ֚֮ΕୃᖂΕەײΕ೯ཬढᖂ֚֮ࠩԫᚨଟ٤Ζωΰ༙ᅗ८Δ1999Δp.69α ࣍ਢΔה༉ຍᑌޢ֚ާ௦࣍ࠡխΔຍ੄խᖂس੒༴૪ΔኙԱᇞᆺفᛑऱ֮ᖂ ۟ᣂૹ૞Ζ༙ᅗ८ᎅΚψຍᢞࣔהլਢאߪ᧯ᆖ᧭৬مהऱ֮ᖂᨠΔۖਢא֨෻᧯ ᧭৬مה່ڰऱ֮ᖂᎁवωΰ༙ᅗ८Δ1999Δp.70αΖ ᖏ৵նϤڣזऱՒچޏ଀Δࠌ൓᝻ፌਙદᑔኄ౳ऱس੒৙ܫ࿨ޔΔՈڂ؈װ Աچ׌ߪٝۖ๯૰ط௡ደߨԵ੡س੒࡞ڦऱ෼ኔΖຍᑌᄕՕऱᆵ஁থՈ࿯Աהৰ ڍ֨ᨋऱඔقΔ࣍ਢᆺفᛑၲࡨ໌܂Δۖ໌܂ऱഗ៕ᄭ۞࣍הփ֨բีᗨԱ᠆দ

ऱ֮ڗۖᥬᥬ඿ᇢΔהᎅΚ! ! ψ᠐ϼӭλᇥޑ่݀ᡉԶܰـǴך᝺ளמ᝚ΑǴܭࢂ໒ۈኳү ךЈངޑբৎቪଆλᇥٰǶך٠ό഻៿Вҁ߈жЎᏢЬࢬޑቪ ჴЬကکԾฅЬကǶךၨ഻៿ࡺ٣܄மǵ൤ܭЄགྷǵঁ܄ک਻ ፦วචరᄿᅰठޑੁᅐЬကЎᏢǶωȐယҡᔱǴ2::3Ǵq/28ȑ! ה༉ڇፕ᨜٠༚৵ऱػۥஎࢠழזΔၲࡨԱהᄵᑷ۞ط׌ᆠऱ֮ᖂ৸ەፖ໌ ܂Ζথլवࡎሎऱᡏྨբٻהࢵ֫Δהڂ௫֗ػۥஎࢠۖ๯஢Δྥۖᑗᨠऱ֚ࢤΔ ֗უ੡ፕ᨜֮ᖂၲඔᄅ଄ऱუऄΔথՈڂຍ੄ԳسऱᎾሖۖၲࡨڶԱ৬ዌऱՠ ࿓Ζ༙ᅗ८ΰ˄ˌˌˌαᎁ੡Κʳ ψӧ೭ϐ߻ǴယҡᔱޑЎᏢǴѝࢂൂપޑλᇥബբޣǴԶӧ೭ ϐࡕǴдΞӢੋϷқՅ৮܀೏ਂǴԖࡐߏޑЎᏢޜқྃДǴ࣬ ߞࡰЇдӧ෶؏ύόठ଎ѨǴکЍ࡭дӧޜқਔόठ෹ණޑǴ ᔈࢂӕ΋ިΚໆǴ೭ިΚໆΨ٬ளдൺрЎᏝਔǴؒԖํడಥ ࿯ޑ߄౜Ǵӳӧд΋ޔ೿ӧѠ᡼ЎᏢว৖ޑືጕ΢ǴؒԖբࠔ ว߄ǴόࢂલৢǴѝࢂᗦӧჿࡕǾǾǴдځჴࢂவԾρޑѠ᡼ ЎᏢ౛ፕᡏسࡌᄬύǴ଍ྉΑѠ᡼ޑ໺಍کଆྍǴᆶ౲όӕޑ ࢂǴယҡᔱઠ΢೭ঁࡘԵᗺϐࡕǴҔдႤமޑЎᏢ዗וکኾ ΚǴ΋፸η೿ӧଓ؃Ѡ᡼ЎᏢޑࡌᄬπำǶω! ΰԿαسࡎխऱ၆Գ ᆺفᛑऱسࡎᖵ࿓ڂ੡ࠡᙟࡉऱଡࢤΔ࿨ٌԱլ֟ऱړ֖ࣛ֗༼᥋ऱ९ᔘΔ הᎅΚ ψךӧՋοӃғৎᏢډΑ΋ঁբৎޑ୷ҁచҹǹٗߡࢂբৎा ᇡ੿ғࢲǴڅधၸВǴֶֶό॰ޑቪډԝǶᙁقϐǴբৎѸ໪ ࢂ΋ՏΓၰЬကޣǴں᝘ک᝘يࢂբৎ୤΋ޑൔၿǶωȐယҡ ᔱǴ2::3ȑ! ൕڼΔהঁ੡ፕ᨜֮ᖂ࡚᣸ԱԫسऱᄣִΖ׼؆Δࡉᚊᅛࡲ٣سऱٌ࢓Ո੡

ה൅ࠐլ֟᠆༄ऱܗ墿Δהऱᡖጊ壄壀ࡉᔲܓऱवࢤԫऴ੡הࢬཱུࠕΔՈ෡෡ऱ ᐙ᥼ထᆺفᛑऱ৸ەΖהᎅΚ ψѠ᡼ޑ࠼ৎբৎࣗӭǴவᓪྻےډֆᐜࢬǵᗛᆬࡹǵ׵ൈǵ ដ៓҇ډ൹ྷߎ೿ࢂ࠼ৎբৎǶךک࠼ৎբৎ੝ձԖጔǴၟ೭ ٤࠼ৎբৎ೿Ԗٰ۳ǴЎᏢബբ΢ӭӭϿϿڙډቹៜک௲੻Ƕω ȐယҡᔱǴ2::3ȑ! ΰ؄αழזહན ᆺفᛑނ۞աऱԳسᎾሖ઎೚ਢψ່٠ࣔऱழזΔՈਢ່႕ᄆऱழזωΔൕՕ چ׌ࠩԫྤࢬڶΙൕᖏ৵٠༚ࠩػۥஎࢠᇙऱ߂ጂس੒Δփ֨ឈךየ൪൥ΔথՈ ڶಭቼՂཾऱ֨ቼ᠏މΖᆺفᛑᎅΚ ψٗਔংؒԖϙሶ౐௠ǴӢࣁךٗਔؒԖ่ஆǴؒԖԴஇǵλ ࠸ǴР҆ԴΑǴᗋёағࢲΠѐǴ܌аؒԖ౐௠Ǵ֤آ൩΋Ј ΋ཀޑ֤آǴᡏᡍآ္ޑғࢲǴࡹݯҍ࡛ሶၸࢲǴԖ΋ᅿளډ ᐒ཮ޑག᝺Ǿ଺΋ঁբৎίၩᜤ೹ޑᐒ཮ǶωȐယҡᔱǴೖፋ .:41231ȑ ࢬᘯऱψᖲᄎωΔਢ߷࿪ቼນسऱᖂ฾ৈᖲΔהਢԫଡᚩ൓ڇ່༞٭ऱᛩቼՀ ၲඔسࡎऱ׼ԫጟီມऱԳΔהᎅΚ ψӧآ္ᇡ᛽ΑࡐӭΟ௲ΐࢬޑΓǴ੝ձࢂᆶѦ࣪Γޑௗ᝻Ǵ ךޑઇ୯ᇟࢂӧآ္ᏢޑǴךа߻όϼ཮ᖱǶȩȐယҡᔱǴೖፋ .:41231ȑ ೚੡ԫଡֲءཷا৵รԫז኷႕ছၞऱ؀ᤄ܂୮Δהଚྤጊ༉ቝ৵ၞᖂ฾ृ ऱរᗉԳΔཇ૤Աၲඔፕ᨜֮ᖂհ॰ऱૹຂՕٚΔྥۖຍጟާૹऱᚘԺΔլ܀޲ ڶࠌהଚ࣋ඵছၞΔ֘ۖޓܘԺऱរထԱณছऱԫׂ٠ॽΔהଚࡨึઌॾΔ׽૞ Օ୮ނ֫խऱᗉႚࢭՀװΔፕ᨜֮ᖂऱ़֚༉ᄎਢਣ௧௯ᡤΖ

ԫΕ᝻ፌਙѧᚊᑧᇙऱ֮ᖂ؎ف

ψჹܭЎᏢബբΔךৡόӭ΋፸η೿ࢂ᎞๱೭ᅿڰ୺Ǵόᆅࢂ ቪЎകΨӳǴ܈ࢂጓᚇᇞǵጓᘀਜΨӳǴך೿ࢂڰ୺ޑѐ଺ω ȐᗛᆬࡹǴೖፋ-940306ȑǶ ΰԫα୮அᛩቼऱ֭਍ ᝻ፌਙൕ՛൷࠹ࠫڤऱֲءඒߛΔᣂ࣍ה࿙ڣګ९ऱಖᖋΔ႓ટ॑ڇπ᝻ፌ ਙऱ؀᨜Ⴟቝρΰ2000Δp.7α༼ࠩΚ ȨᗛᆬࡹλਔংޑৎნᗋᆉόᒱǴ೭ჹང᠐ਜޑР҆Ǵჹࡑ࠸ ηᕴࢂӭΑ൳ϩྕࠆǶ΋ೱғΑϖঁζٽаࡕǴȬགྷाғت࠸ȭ ޑ࡚ϪЈ౛Ǵ׫৔ӧ੝ཀࣁԴϖᒧۓޑӜӷ΢ǴȬೱ׌ȭǴ೭ঁ ዗ਗ਼ԶΞཀࡘమཱޑӜӷǴಖܭࣰٰΑಃϤঁғΠޑٽηǶӳ ႽǴᗛᆬࡹ΋ғΠٰ೏ζ܄იიൎՐǶৎ္य़ନΑখрғޑλ ᓻٽǴځд೿ࢂζ܄Ǵ࿤ίᚲང໣΋يǴ੝ձࢂٗ٤ۊۊǴૈ ៈޑǵૈᡣޑǴ೿ӧ೭λ࠸ᗋؒߏεа߻Ǵࢋ೬Ӧхᙟ๱дωΖ! ፕ᨜षᄎႚอ׀ფऱ।෼ֱڤ᜔ਢྤߢڍ࣍ᨬભऱΔהଚة᎛ీڇ৘՗ऱહ ৵ᚈᚈऱ֭਍הΔথՈլᄎၲՑ।ሒ֨խऱྤૻऱకფΔ᝻ፌਙऱ׀ᘣܛਢԫଡ ႚอ׀ᘣऱࠏ՗Ζ߷ጟფڇ֨ᇙՑᣄၲऱక൦ፖየრΔኙඕტऱ᝻ፌਙۖߢਢڶ ࢬ᧯ᄎऱΔᓫࠩ׀ᘣऱඒߛֱڤא֗ኙהൕࠃᐊ܂ऱ઎ऄΔהᏯߡპཆچᎅΚ ψךРᒃ௲ΑѤΜӭԃޑਜǴдଏҶޑਔংࢂঁԴਠߏǶдჹ ךޑ௲ᎦБԄࢂֹӄޑܫҺǴдόᆅךޑԋᕮӳᚯǴךाቪܿ ՋǴдΨவٰΨؒගၸҺՖཀـǾךॺРη໔൳ЯؒԖ၉ᖱǴ ՠࢂࡕٰךޑਜӑрٰǴд൩ҔЈޑஏஏഞഞޑ୮୮୮Ǵ΋ၡ ୮ډۭǶךޕၰд࣮ޑࡐҔЈǴԶЪёૈჹܭٽηעРᒃቪ຾ ਜ္ޑ٣གډࡐᅈཀǶωȐᗛᆬࡹǴೖፋ.:51417ȑ!

ΰԲα֮ᖂسෑऱᖵ࿓ ᖂீऱඒߛᛩቼਢ᝻ፌਙ൷ᤛټ୮܂঴ऱၲࡨΔൕᦰၵ஼ࠩټ୮ټထΔڼᄭ ۞࣍խᖂ۔ஃऱඔ፞ΔהᎅΚ ψύᏢ΋ԃભ൩Ԗ΋ՏᐕўԴৣӛךॺϟಏВҁԖӜޑբৎ ޑբࠔǴךঁΓ᝺ளڙډ࣬྽εޑ௴วǶ൩೭ኬǴύᏢϖԃ໔Ǵ ך೿ࢂӧਜ္෠ၸޑǶωȐᗛᆬࡹǴ3111Ǵq/52ȑ! ᔹᥦᆢ஼༓׏ਢ܂୮ଚၲࡨ໌܂հছࢬؘႊ塄ګऱഗءפΔൕᔹᦰࠩᐊ܂Δ ຍᑌऱᖵ࿓࢓࢓ਢኬኬีᗨፖ᝱ᨈऱΖ᝻ፌਙᎅΚ ψך᏾ঁғఱ཮و΢ቪբޑၡ೼ྍԾܭவλ൩഻៿࣮ਜǶգε ཷࡐᜤפډႽך࣮Α೭ሶӭਜޑǴךவλ൩࣮λᇥǵ΋٤໕ਜ ޑǴϙሶਜך೿࣮ǴךεཷᆉࢂᇥନΑфፐаѦᔉள࣬྽ӭޑ ΓǴό཮КΓৎϿǴٗჹܭബբࢂߚதԖᔅշޑǴ܌аךதத ฽৾ଆٰ൩ᡂԋྍᓐࢲН΋ኬྍྍԶٰǶωȐᗛᆬࡹǴೖፋ -940306ȑ! ፕ᨜٠༚৵Δ᝻ፌਙၲࡨਙᖜٚ՛ᖂඒஃऱՠ܂Δൄൄܓش༃པ೗ᖇ៶ထ۞ ଥऱഏ֮ᐒኖݱଇऱᐊ܂Δ༓׏ނᖞଡཷاழཚᦎ෉ऱॹ֟ڣᄣִຟᐊԱၞװΖ հ৵࿇।Աรԫᒧ۞ᤚֺለየრΕݮڤՂՈለݙᖞऱ࿍ᒧ՛ᎅπ਴՗ρ৵Δ᝻ፌ ਙຬᥛᐊԱ๺ڍךየኔ᧭壄壀ऱ࿍ᒧΙۖ৵Δܓش༃೗ছ৵ԫଡִழၴΔൕ෼ኔ ࠷ޗΔאᅝழඒߛኤጤ੡׌ᠲΔቫᇢԫຝ՛ী९ᒧ՛ᎅދബࠩᜤ೫Δࣥ௧ଃ൷ࠩ ৵مࠥᐊԱࠐॾΚψႣۓύޑೱၩ҂ډǴখӳௗډԜዺǴೱڹࡨ᠐Ǵ᝺ளόᒱǴߡ ᡣѬ΢ΑǶȩ߷ழଢΔ޲ڶԳ઎ߠΔࡎሎإ݄ڇהऱছֱኙהპూΖᒚ՗ബנ৵ รն֚Δ᝻ፌਙإڤം׈ऱรԫຝ९ᒧ՛ᎅπᕙ٧क़ρΔၲࡨڇᜤ೫ຑሉΰ႓ટ॑Δ 2000Δp.101Δ102αΖ ઎ߠ۞աࢬᐊऱ֮ີڇ໴౐ՂຑሉΔኙ᝻ፌਙۖߢྤጊਢԫႈቔᚐΔ໴षᒳ ृ੡הޓإऱᙑڗ֗፿ဲΔהঁൕխ઎൓גาՈ฾൓Աشڗ᎞ဲऱֱऄΖהᎅΚ ψךಃ΋ጇЎകளډว߄ޑᐒ཮Ǵ٬ךᡏᇡډΒΜྃϐࡕωவ

ᓐᏢಞ΋ᅿཥᇟقޑΓǴΨό΋ۓ൩όૈ٬ҔٗখখᏢ཮ޑᇟ Ў଺ࣁ߄ၲޑπڀǶ೭ঁว౜ჹךࢂࡐεޑፂᔐǴך൩གྷǺΨ ೚ךёа໒ۈቪբփǼูԃਔٗᅿȬբৎࢂёఈόёϷȭޑགྷ ݤ൩೴ᅌׯᡂΑǶȩȐᗛᆬࡹǴ3111Ǵq/3:3ȑ! ۖ৵Δڂ੡πᕙ٧क़ρຑሉऱቔᚐআࠌה਍ᥛլឰऱ໌܂ՀװΔ༙ᅗ८ڇπ᝻ ፌਙႃρᇙ֧૪Աהམᆖ೚ऱ۞ݺ։࣫ΔהᎅΚψόᏃᆅଆ߃ᗋѝࢂঁኳጋཷۺǴ ྽ךவ٣ᏢಞቪբۛᅈΜԃޑਔংǴ೭ኳጋޑཷۺБωᅌᖿڀᡏǾȭ᛾ܴΑ೭ঁ Ծךᄗ઩ޑȬܗ૖ޣȭа᏾᏾Μԃޑቪբ࿶ᡍǴΑ৴Ծρ଺ࣁբৎޑೢҺȩΰ᝻ፌ ਙΔ1991αΖ ΰԿαسࡎխऱ၆Գ ᜤٽ೫ע׌ᒳࣥ௧ଃՖՓਢึ࿨᝻ፌਙऱಯᒚᄣִۖၲඔהࣔॽآࠐऱԳΖ ᣂ࣍ຍ੄ڃᖋΔהᎅΚ

ψ҇୯ѤΜԃ໒ۈቪȠஆࡕȡ

Ǵฅࡕ΋ၡوٰ೿ࢂଏዺଏ

ዺǴՠଏዺޑКٯཇٰཇϿǴډȠᎹӇ޸ȡрٰǴ൩΋

ڹԋӜΑǴԶම࿶೏ଏޑԖ٤ׯ΋ׯΞӆ׫ǶΓৎόՠ

ό཮ଏΑϸԶቪߞٰགᖴǴӭъҔ΋٤ҁтӀᄪ೭΋ᜪ

ޑ၉Ǵаࡕቪբޑғఱ൩ᆉࢂࡐ໩ճΑǶ

ω

ȐᗛᆬࡹǴೖ

ፋ-940306ȑ!

ૉᎅࣥ௧ଃՖՓਢຍۯԫ৫ګ੡ψಯᒚറ୮ωऱवଃΔ߷Ꮦط᝻ፌਙ໌ᙄऱ π֖֮ຏಛρᇙऱ֖֮༉ਢה໌܂سෑᇙ࢖ڼ֊ᒒΔյঠյᚐऱߜஃ墿֖Δࠡխ ץܶԱ᝻෻ࡉΕຫ־ੈΕ֮֨࿛ຟਢຍԫሁߨࠐΔઌյݿ਍ऱ၆ԳΖ႓ટ॑ᎅΚψࡕ ٰȠЎ϶೯ૻȡᗨฅ่״ǴӚԾޑدΓ௃ፉωখ໒ۈǴکᗛ౛کޑ೯ߞǴததቪ ډவٰό߄៛ޑϣЈుೀωΰ႓ટ॑Δ2000Δp.98αΖ ΰ؄αழזહན ֲءཷاऱᆖᖵΔᨃ᝻ፌਙࢬڶუ।ሒऱൣፃࡉუᎅऱᇩΔຟബ༅ᔹᦰࡉ֮ ڗऱ໌܂ΔګԱהൣፃऱנՑΖྥۖᖵᆖழזऱ᠏᧢Δլ൓լᨃה᠏ངլٵऱ֮

ڗᐊ܂Δ٦ڻૹᄅᖂ฾ದ߷᥆࣍۞աഏ୮ऱ፿ߢΖהᎅΚ ȨᏯࡕ߃යǴךᗋόࢂϙሶբৎǴόՠόࢂǴԶЪᖱВҁ၉ǵ ࣮ᄍВҁਜޑǴᏯࡕ۹ฅӧᇟقБय़೏ၳளѸ໪଺΋ԭΖΜࡋ ޑׯᡂǴჹךঁΓٰᖱǴࢂғڮᐕำ΢΋ঁߚதߚதख़ाޑǵ ख़εޑׯᡂ!ǴӢࣁ೭όࢂךঁΓޑୢᚒǴࢂ᏾ঁ୯ৎǵ᏾ঁ ޗ཮ޑׯᡂǴঁΓӧ೭྽ύԾฅࢂคૈࣁΚǴѝӳ፾ᔈ๱ਔж ޑᡂϯǶ܌аᏯࡕࡐזӦၟࡐӭߙԃǴόѝࢂߙԃԶςǴځд Ӛԃស໘ቫޑΨৡόӭǴ೿ࡐҔЈӦᏢಞٗਔћ଺઒୯ޑᇟ قǶȩȐᗛᆬࡹǴ3111Ǵq/62ȑ! ڇֲᖕழזՀ࠹ඒߛΔ᝻ፌਙᖵᆖԱψ઄ا֏ሎ೯ωፖψՕࣟࠅᖏञωેᛔ ऱᄣִፖ೯ᛯլڜऱழזહནΔ۞ྥኙԳऱ֨෻ขس๕Օऱᐙ᥼Δ֠ࠡ૿ኙ֮ڗ ᠏ངऱ᧢֏Δۿ׏ᨃהڶԱࢬᘯऱ׌᧯ژڇऱ৸ەរΔՈڂڼနسԱფՒچፖᥨ ഏ୮ऱ؎Օრ࢚Δ࣍ਢהԫڗԫ؁چ੡ፕ᨜ᐊՀߪ੡ၲࢷृऱటൣધᙕΖ

ԿΕ႓ਞࣔЁ԰ᦛԼԶࢾऱ֮ᖂቄ࿙

ψЎᏢǴ௲ך໒ඨЈᡫǴ᠋ག୏ޑЈၢǹᒃ௃Ǵെךӣ

ᓐ΢۞Ǵᡣך೬ϯǵհᓉǵᙯඤБӛǴעȬόӝ౛ȭޑ

ᐟ௃Ǵܹ๮ԋᙖҗλᇥᜢᚶ১༈ޑྕ௃ɡѬॺ௱ӣΑ౜

ӧޑȬ໳ࡾܴȭω

ȐЦҺ։Ǵ3115cȑǶ!

ΰԫα୮அᛩቼ ႓ਞࣔԶᄣܛ؈װԱئᘣΔψ႓୮ԿՖࠟߊնଡ৘՗Δٺ஁ԫᄣΔ႓ਞࣔਢ۔ ՕΔ՛ټ༉׻ॳՕΔൕ՛׀ᘣ૞೚سრ塄୮Δլ֜ጥהΔ࣍ਢΔᅃ᥽՛৘ऱຂٚ ٤ຟᆵڇలئߪՂωΰᏥਞৄΔ1987αΖ׀ᘣຍጟ࣋ٚ׊ྤߢऱඒ塄ΔଙՈᨃ႓ਞ ࣔ۞ط۞ڇऱ੒נ۞աऱԳسΖᓫದ۞՛ڇలئߪᢰ९ՕऱಖᖋΔהᎅΚ! ! ψ઒҆ࡐԖᛤฝϺҽǴӴբฝޑޜ໔όࢂฝѲǴԶࢂ࣮ഁѠᔍ Ҕޑ࿖Ⴣङय़ǴࣗԿ࿹ઓᜎޑआᆠ฻฻Ǵ೭٤Ӵ೿ૈฝ΢ғࢲ

ඳݩޑՅறǴӕਔӴ׳ࢂՏόᆅಉख़ࢲٽ܈ಒᑨζआ೿৾Ћޑ ӄБՏζ܄Ǵ೭Ψค׎ύ೷ԋךၠىЎᏢǵᔍቃǵᛤฝӭفว ৖ޑ੝፦ǶԜѦǴҗܭ઒҆தӧຉ֝໔و୏ǴӴޑᇟقϣ఼ᙦ ൤ǴၟӧӴيᜐԋߏᡣךԖቨᗡޑຎഁǴ܈೚೭ΨࢂךВࡕࣁ Ֆૈو΢λᇥബբၡ೼ޑচӢϐ΋ǴኗቪፕЎ೚ӭਔংёૈѝ ሡ᎞εໆӦ᎙᠐ਜᝤǹՠቪբλᇥεό࣬ӕǴѬ๊ჹሡाᙦ൤ ޑғࢲ࿶ᡍǴᙦ൤ޑЎӷᇟقǶȩȐЦҺ։Ǵ3115bȑ! ᄵদకფהऱల׀Δਢ႓ਞࣔګ९ᖵ࿓խ׼ԫଡޏ᧢הऱԳΖൕ՛ܛფᝑ෻Ε ფؚਮऱ႓ਞࣔΔಲᖂΕ᠏ᖂऱࠃ᠌ᎅՈᎅլݙΔངԱԿଡஃᒤᖂீ৵Δړլ୲ ࣐թڇৠࣟஃೃฅԱᄐΖᓫࠩຍԫ੄֧ದዝᝑ෼໱঵ഘՕూऱψࢬᏢғωऱ࢓ࠃΔ ה֨ژტ࢚چᎅΚ ψךঁΓ೭΋ғǴӵ݀ؒԖၶډ൳ՏӳԴৣޑ၉Ǵ৮܂ך ೭΋ғΨ྄ΑǴ྽ฅΨၶډӳਠߏǴ࿘ډ΋ՏӳޑߓϦǵ ᗋԖӳޑৎΓωעךെΑӣٰǼȩȐ໳ࡾܴǴᄽᖱ.:5163:ȑ! ۖຍ੄ึ࣍ګפฅᄐऱਚࠃΔᄭ۞࣍სფऱల׀ᐡ֨ຍۯ୪ࠝ٦৫ಲᖂऱ෰ ඀Ζ߷ڣΔల׀ಬהჸ־߫۟ৠஃΔڇִ؀Ղᇿထᕍᠦऱ־߫ݶޡ۩ߨΔၞۖ՛ ၒޡದࠐऱՕᜢ᧷ࡆהψډΑઠωૈΠًভǼωΔڃᖋದ߷ԫኟΔהᎅΚ ψ೭ࢤόᒡ๏ԙԾమȠङቹȡޑࡺ٣҉ᇻڅӑӧךЈ΢Ǵᕵ٬ Вࡕޑ؃ᏢၡϝόᅰӵཀǴՠךόඪӆو׃ǶωȐЦҺ։Ǵ3115cȑ! ΰԲα֮ᖂسෑऱᖵ࿓ ൕ՛լფആ஼ऱ႓ਞࣔΔᦰॣխழڂ੡ԫᒧ܂֮ѧπݺऱئᘣρΔᛧ൓Ա׆ᔃ ਞ۔ஃऱቔᚐΔ׆۔ஃլ܀ᨬᓾהڶᐊ܂ऱ֚ٝΔՈ֧ᖄהߨၞ֮ᖂऱᄥഘࠀಬ Աה۟վᝫఎڇߪᢰऱࠟء஼Κπާൕ֮՛ᎅᙇρ֗πৈျ֛՛ᎅρΖהᎅΚ ψӧЦ፣ࡾԴৣޑЇሦΠǴЎᏢޑ៥ΚᅖΕךԃϿᇸئǴόਔ ΞཱུࡋԾኇޑཆधྃДǶЎᏢ٬ךᡂள৒ܰག୏ǴதӢ΋߾ӳ

Ўകǵ΋ҹӳ᛬ೌբࠔԶনளόૈԾρǴԴৣᕴࢂӼኃךᇥǺ ȬনǴࢂӢࣁգ௃གᙦ൤ୟǼȭՠВᑈДಕϐΠǴךᅌᅌว౜ ԾρόӆதӢག୏ܭ٫բပఽΑǴԖ൳ϩόӼک৮ឨǴೱԆΞ ୢԴৣ೭ࢂ࡛ሶ΋ӣ٣ǴԴৣઢ๱ᇥǺȬόনǴࢂӢࣁգߏεΑ ୚Ǽȭ൩೭ኬǴךӧЎᏢύளډΑԋߏޑ഻৹Ǵ׳ᒃيᡍ᛾Α Ȭག୏ȭޑ֮όёقǹٗࢂ΋ᅿѺ໒Јᡫޑࢲ୏Ǵ΋ᅿ๓ޑࡓ ୏Ǵࢂךၸѐ೶Ӂର࣎܌གڙόډޑǶωȐЦҺ։Ǵ3115cȑ! ەՂૹီഏ፿֮ऱஃᒤᖂೃΔਢ႓ਞࣔٻᐊ܂հሁሀנऱรԫޡΖ

Ȩ໳ࡾܴᇡ੿གྷډԾρޑബբ߻೼ǴεཷӧчৣޑਔংǴ

чৣ᛬ೌࣽӄ࣪ᆪӜǴВᏵਔжջ೷൩όϿ

᛬ೌ

ΓωǴਠ

༜᝕ᅐ๱΋ިԃᇸޑബբ਻৲Ǵ໳ࡾܴགྷӧቪ၃کᛤฝ΢

؃ว৖ȩȐቅࡾࠤǴ2:98Ǵq/256ȑǶ

ۖ܂୮ൕࠃ໌܂ছ༓׏ਢᔾထᔹᦰࡉس੒ᆖᖵࠐ᠆দהଚऱ໌܂ᄭΔྥۖڕ ۶ൕ۞ա֨ᇙऱ᧯ஔࠐᎅנ۞աუᎅऱᇩΔথਢ૞ᆖመԫ྾ྲᗣऱΖψ૞ᐊ܂ؘ൓ ઎஼Δ႓ਞࣔ઎Աԫءπק࿗ՀρΔਢԼ։ထټੌ۩ऱཋ֮ႃΔ႓ਞࣔ༉ڇ܂֮ᇙ ਊ۞աრ৸ࠉᑌ྽ᆹᤓΔش๺ڍભᣝऱݮ୲ဲΔ֨ՀᏅ੡൓რΔ޲უࠩ᡻՗࿇Հ ࠐΔ๯۔ஃޅ੡ψဠ೗ωΔ႓ਞࣔუუڶ෻Δԫ௛ό༉ނק࿗هࠩק࿗Հύൕڼᖂ ᄎԱլᛒشݮ୲ဲωΰᏥਞৄΔ1987αΖ ൕ՛ᄕࠠধಭࢤ௑ऱ႓ਞࣔΔڃᖋದᅝڣ੡۶࣋ඵԱᇣࡉ྽Δ᠏ۖറ֨ᐊ՛ ᎅٻᜤ೫ދᒚΛהڃუπৄגᆵ߫ρऱᐊ܂ழᎅΚ ψখখ໒ۈቪዺǴֹӄࢂӳވǴ᏾Ϻ࣮ձΓޑλᇥǴΞ഻៿ץ ຑǴࡐӭӕᏢ൩ᇥǺȬࠋপǼգ೭ለဟ๻ǴԾρό཮ቪǼӵ݀ գ཮ቪޑ၉Ǵቪрٰ࣮࣮Ǽȭ೭੿ࢂᐟஒݤǴӕᏢԖཀคཀޑ ΋ѡ၉Ǵ൩΋ޔఒӧךЈ္ǶǾך൩೭ኬቪλᇥǾ೭ጇλᇥฦ рٰǴӕᏢ΋࣮Ȭ൅Ǵ੿ޑόᒱǶȭவԜך൩ᅌᅌو΢λᇥޑ ၡǶωȐቅࡾࠤǴ2:98ȑ!

ΰԿαسࡎխऱ၆Գ ࣥ௧ଃՖՓڇ႓ਞࣔஃᒤฅᄐΔཾฝᇣΕ྽Ε՛ᎅΔլवᖗ۶ۖࠃऱᣂ᝶ழ ࠥΔע࿆Ա႓ਞࣔދ࿯ᜤ೫ऱรԫᒧ՛ᎅΖ৵ࠐ႓ਞࣔৰᐜࢉچᎅΚ! ! ψ΋ঁтނޑጓޣǴค׎ඓඝΑ߃ᏢޑΓޑቪբғڮǴך൩ࢂ ٗሶ۩ၮӦ࿘ډ݅ੇॣζγǴाࢂ࿘ډќ΋ঁጓᒠǴךٗ٤ቪ λᇥޑਔ໔Ψόޕၰ޸ӧϙሶވཀٽ΢বǼȩȐቅࡾࠤǴ2:98Ǵ q/276ȑ! ຍ෻უԫऴ਍ᥛࠩ෼ڇլམၴឰΔ२ڣࠐΔ႓ਞٍࣔދߪ࣍ࠝ࿙Ꮳቸ໌܂հ ᒳᐊፖᖄዝऱՠ܂Δ੡ݺଚऱՀԫזၲඔԱ׼ԫጟඒߛऱݮڤΖڃᖋದאছऱֲ ՗Δהऱࡠ՗ࣥભଃᎅΚψךॺৎޑ౛གྷǴࢂа໳ࡾܴঁΓޑ౛གྷࣁ౛གྷǴࣁΑቪ λᇥǴдόᘐඤπբǴλᇥቪளϼఁǴಃΒϺٰόϷ΢੤ǴѝӳᜏᙍǴനधޑਔ ংǴךॺ፤ၸߡ྽Ǵٗਔךॺѝाλ࠸ԖФѪസ൩୼ΑωΰࡱࡱΔ2005αΖऴࠩ෼ ڇψ႓ՕູᏣቸωګمԱΔ࿨ٽԱהऱඒߛ෻࢚Δݖݖլଐऱڇࠝ࿙֮ᖂሁຜՂ ࢔ᖏထΔՈ൷ᥛԱຍۯஃᒤس׼ԫጟඒߛᖂسऱֱڤΔۖຍԫሁߨࡨึլ᧢ऱਢ ኙ֮ᖂऱറࣹΖהᎅΚ ψךჹٽูޑԋߏӸӧ΋ҽขቾǴኾฅ،ۓ׫يܭٽูЎᏢޑቪ բǾǾǴԶٽูቃᄽޑ൩ࢂู၉Ǵู၉൩Ⴝ΋ᗭᅿηǴ༤ӧ࠸η ޑЈҖǴߏεΑǴΨ೚ӧࢌ΋ঁਔڅǴѬ൩ว޵Αǵ໒޸ǵ่݀Ǵ ᡣ࠸ηவύளډ෷ᎦǴᡂԋдޑΚໆǶωΰ׆ٚܩΔ2004α ΰ؄αழזહན ႓ਞࣔس९࣍ፕ᨜ᆖᛎದଆऱڣזΔ઎ထႚอልᄐषᄎዬዬޡԵຟؑ֏ΔՈ ઎ထᆖᛎ࿇୶੡Գଚ൅ࠐऱ֨ᨋٲᖲΔהዬዬऱᡖ࢚ದ៱ழऱભړΖψ႓ਞࣔ۞ࡨ ༉ඕᔲچࣹီထຍԫ֊Δ࣋ඵ٦ഀᜮजԳՑऱضႼᇣΔاഏնԼԶڣτᨷυ࿇। ৵Δה൷ထᐊՀᥧຂڤऱৄؑ՛ᎅ࿛ԫຑۭऱ܂঴Δࠥ྽נषᄎശભ໼ֲऱ௬׈ ᢄΖ႓ਞࣔشהڶԺऱᐊኔհ࿝Δ।ሒנԫଡ֮ᖂृ֘ਠ෼ኔಾపषᄎऱߜवΔ הऱ՛ᎅԫऴᇿᙟፕ᨜२ԿΕ؄Լڣषᄎ࿇୶౧೯ٍޡٍ᝟Δዌګԫຝطၢޘࠩ

ຟؑΔልᄐषᄎࠩՠ೸षᄎΔຆᒡࠩዬዬๅᠦຆᒡΔԫ᤾ײ۔اගޡԵ२זڍৎ ڍ७࿇Գ෡ઊऱषᄎᐊኔຑᥛᏣωΰᏥਞৄΔ2:98Δp.6αΖ

֍೬נऱ٥ຏࢤ

ຍԿۯໃנ܂୮ឈڶထ௘ฆऱګ९હནፖ֮ᖂسෑᖵ࿓ऱ᠏މΔྥۖথڇس ࡎऱൣᆏխ֍೬נཏٵऱᣂ᝶૞ైΔڂڼګ༉Աהଚ࿰ᥓԳسऱψ֮ᖂፘ؀ωΔڕ ٵ՛ᎅ୮࿝Հؘࡳڶऱ֮ີ࿨ዌѧψದࢭ᠏ٽωΖຍฮኔऱ࿨ዌΔګԱ՛ᎅൣ࿨൓ אԫ௑ԫ௑झՀװऱૹ૞ࠉᖕፖ౧࿮Ζ

ԫΕ୮அ௛ࣷ۞ط

୮அᛩቼਢᐙ᥼ԫଡԳسෑ࿇୶ऱૹ૞ᣂ᝶Δڕছ૪հΚໃנԳढऱ୮அᛩ ቼຆܺΕ՛ൈ۟༄ᇛઃڶΔࢬאڼڂైۿ׏լਢԫૹ૞ऱᐙ᥼ڂైΙటإૹ૞ऱ ᣂ᝶ڂైԯਢ۞طا׌ऱඒ塄ֱڤ֗ቔᚐፖ֭਍ऱኪ৫ΰຫਟᏚΔ2003αΖڼ፿ሐ נԱ୮அ௛ࣷਢ໌ທԺ౨ܡ൓א࿇୶ऱૹ૞ڂైΖᆺفᛑڃᖋದګ९መ࿓֗׀ئ ऱඒߛֱڤΔהᎅΚʳ Ȩךৎ္ΓவٰؒԖϸჹၸǴόࢂᜅԋǴдॺόΑှբৎࢂ ࡛ሶ΋ӣ٣ǴךޑР҆дॺࢂమරਔংޑΓǴдॺೱύ๮҇ ୯р౜ΑǵమරྐΫΑ೿ᗋόޕၰǶךޑР҆ࢂԖᒲΓǴд ॺᇥך৾ᒲόࢂܜᎻТǵწ።൩ёа୚Ǵ೯೯ວਜ൩ଯᑫޑ ाڮǴךό଺ᚯ٣Ǵ࣮ਜࢂӳ٣ୟǼٗঁਔংǴᖒНԖΒΜ ༧ᒲ൩όᒱΑǴёаᎦ΋ৎΓǴך؂ঁД޸Αӳ൳Μ༧ᒲѐ ວਜǴךޑݿݿ༰༰Ǵдॺޑᖍ೿ό཮ૌ΋ΠǴӢࣁٗঁᕉ ნΠǴВᏵਔжωёа΋ޔວǵ࣮ǴΓৎؒԖך೭ঁᅽ਻Ǵ ܌аգ࣮࣮ࡐӭВҁЎᏢך೿ֹ࣮ΑǼȩȐယҡᔱǴೖፋ .:41231ȑǶ! ۖೈԱᆺفᛑ؆Δڕছࢬඖ૪հ᝻ፌਙऱ׀ئፖ႓ਞࣔऱల׀֗లئ੷۟ਢ ࡠ՗ຟਢᄵদץ୲הଚऱԳΔՈ੡ຍԫය֮ᖂհሁ༼ࠎԱྤૻ࢏९ऱૹ૞೯ԺΖ

ԲΕس९ᛩቼ༼ࠎ᠆༄໌܂ᄭ

ൕຍԿۯ܂୮ऱ܂঴խױᨠኘנګ९ᛩቼᐙ᥼Աהଚ৸ፂֱڤΔՈທ༉Աה ଚኙᛩቼขسඕᔲऱᨠኘ౨ԺΔຍࠄᛩᛩઌڬऱڂైΔྗ塄Աהଚֲ৵໌܂ऱ᠆ ༄ᠲޗΖٵਢၢ᠜נߪऱ՛ᎅ୮ຫਠటᎅΚψਞࣔڶଡॺൄ᠆༄ᣪ၆ऱ࿙ڣಖᖋױ אܓشΔ׊߷ਢॺൄᣪ၆ऱ໌܂ੈᄭΖωΰᏥਞৄΔ2:98Δq/:2αΖᏥਞৄΰ˄ˌˋˊα ՈᎅΚψ႓ਞࣔట֨໛ფ۞ྥΔ໛ფՕچΔ໛ფԳଚΔۖԾ༄࣍ऴᤚऱᨠኘࡉךު ऱ໌܂ԺΔຍࠄڂైࠌהګ੡ԫଡό႓ਞࣔڤύऱၢՒ܂ृΔቝהຍጟൕԳᆢխ ߨנࠐऱ܂୮ΔࠀॺԫଡԳࡰሿሿߨٻ໌܂ऱ՞㰚Δۖਢຑ௅൅ᆺᙟߪ᥋൅ထ๺ ڍՒچࡉԳاऱਚࠃΖω! ۖ᝻ፌਙऱ՛ᎅ܂঴խڍתאس੒ᆖ᧭֗س९ᛩቼ܂੡៴ቹΔຍࠄؘࡳਢה ኔᎾᦫፊࢨኔچ઎መऱནۥΔףՂԫរ۞աऱუቝΔ່৵ܓش࿝ᤛऱݾ؏ᎅנה ࢬუ।ሒऱᇩፖᑨڇऱრොΖה༼ࠩ܂঴πխցऱዌቹρᎅሐΚʳ ʳ ȨךԖ΋ঁཀკǴύϡࢂךॺѠ᡼ख़ाޑ࿯В౼ڂǴࢂሞࡨ ېሲޑǴӧѠ᡼ࢂ΋ঁදၹޑ౼ڂǶ౐ੋډ౼ڂǴԖ΋٤໺ ಍܄ޑ౼ሺǴКБύϡाܫНᐩǴाද෠฻฻Ԗ൳ঁόёલ ޑǴԖݝβښޑǶךҔ΋ᅿКၨӾ᎒ޑǵ߻ፁޑמѯٰೀ౛ ೭ኬޑβ߫ޑᚒ׷Ǵ཮ԋࣁϙሶঁኬηǻ೭ࢂךӧ೭ጇλᇥ ္य़གྷा჋၂ޑמѯǶȩȐᗛᆬࡹǴ3111Ǵq/62ȑ!

ԿΕᖂீᛩቼਢഛߛᔹᦰᘋᔊऱᄀᤃ

ຍԿۯ܂୮Δൕ՛ܛኙᖂீऱإᓰ޲ڶᘋᔊΔྥۖᖂீᛩቼথਢഛߛהଚᔹ ᦰᘋᔊऱᄀᤃΔۖהଚՈຟਢᑑᄷऱψ஼ಮωΜהଚԿۯᓫದψᔹᦰωΔຟڶԫ᨞ ࿞ऱᇩ፿…… ᆺفᛑڕਢᎅΚȨךჹ҅࿶ޑфፐؒԖ΋ᗺᑫ፪Ǵ੝ձࢂኧᏢǴࢂךനεޑእ ΓǴதԵᓥೈόىࣁڻǴࢂљޜـᄍޑ٣ǶᗋӳǴВҁޑଯύڋࡋǴѝाӄࣽѳ ֡ၲډϤΜϩ൩ό੮ભǴ܌аך൩ёа೮ᇿԾӧޑ᏾Ϻሽ୞ךޑ໕ਜȩΰᆺفᛑΔ ๶ᓫ-930120αΖ ᝻ፌਙ༼ࠩΚȨךӧύᏢ໘ࢤྣኬࢂঁਜ଎ǴύᏢ౥཰ྣኬԵόڗ΢ભᏢਠǴ ൩ࢂӢࣁךࢂਜ଎Ǵ࣮ޑ೿ࢂ໕ਜǴλᏢ໘ࢤ࣮Ͽԃλᇥǵู၉ǴύᏢਔੋᘪޑ

ጄൎᅌᅌᘉεǴ໒ۈ࣮ᙌ᝿բࠔǴך૶ளКၨԖЎᏢ܄ޑࢂᖻࣔ੧ޑȠεӦȡȩΰ᝻ ፌਙΔ2000Δp.41αΖ ႓ਞࣔঞᎅΚȨךϸࠇ܄ࡐமǴᏢਠޑ΋٤ೕۓࡐό಄ӝλ࠸ηԋߏޑϺ܄Ǵ ךჹ೭Бय़൩ࡐ௵གǴӧࢌБय़ᇥଆٰКၨᜤႯܺǾךࡐ഻៿࣮ਜǴϙሶਜ೿࣮Ǵ ࡹݯǵᐕўǵғނ฻฻ค܌όхǴΨό੝ձѐ૶Ǵૈ৴൩৴Ǵό཮੝ձѐ଺฽૶Ǵ ܌аךᖱ၉ၢ៌ளࡐזǴதૈЇ΋٤ٯηٰբံкᇥܴǴ౜ӧωว౜ࡐڙҔǶȩ ΰஊߐᐝΔ1998αΖ! ຍԿۯ܂୮ឈྥኙࢬᘯऱψإᓰωᘋᔊլՕΔྥۖᖂீቹ஼塢᠆༄ऱ៲஼থ ਢ౨የߩהଚ໑ᥦᆢ஼ऱՕષՑհᣪ៲Ζψᔹᦰωਢԫଡॺൄૹ૞ऱฮ௅ՠ܂Δה ଚطՕၦᔹᦰխ޵࠷֮ڗ֗৸უဇᒭ৵ऱ壄ဎΔڇᑵ൜ຍࠄഗءऱฤᒘհ৵ܛ౨ ཀᦠ໌რ܂঴Ι༉ڕ Csikszentmihalyiΰ1996αࢬ૪ΚψޢԫۯઔߒኙွΔլᓵਢ ᢌ๬୮ࢨઝᖂ୮Δຟԫ٦ൎᓳഗءवᢝऱૹ૞ࢤΔኙᖂઝฤᇆऱಛஒࡉഗء࿓ݧ ૞ݙ٤ᑵ൜ωΖ

؄Εسࡎխऱ၆ԳД֮ᖂسෑᇙૹ૞הԳऱ֧Ꮖ

Ꮵਞৄڇπ႓ਞࣔছႚρΰ1987Δp.156αխ༼ࠩΔψ໳ࡾܴ΋Ӆ׫Ƞᖄӝൔȡ ୋтΖጇλᇥک΋ጇอЎǴ೯೯೏ᖄୋЬጓ݅ੇॣฦрٰǴϐࡕቪள༇זΞ዗૱Ƕ வȠమၰϻޑ࠸ηȡǵȠλЃࠖȡډȠࠤвပًȡǴ໳ࡾܴᙅΑ΋୮Ǵ࿶ၸϖԃωӣ ډλᇥബբǴдӛቪբ፯рΑಃΒ؁ȩΖۖ᝻ፌਙঞߢΚȨ҇୯ѤΜԃ໒ۈቪȠஆ ࡕȡǴฅࡕ΋ၡٰ೿ࢂଏዺଏዺǴԾவȠᎹӇ޸ȡ೏݅ੇॣζγ௦ҔࡕǴ೭ਔংך ޑӜӷ؂ϺـൔǴԶЪ᠐ޣޑߞǴ൩ӵ܌ᒏޑഓТ૓०ٰǾ΋ᅿ၅஭ޑᇥݤࢂǴ Ԗ΋ᅿԋӜޑག᝺ǶȩȐᗛᆬࡹǴೖፋ.:51417ȑ! ຍԿۯ܂୮ڇ֮ᖂسෑᖵ࿓խΔઃڶૹ૞הԳऱ֧ᖄ֗墿֖ऱຩ۴Ζᜤٽ೫ ע׌ᒳࣥ௧ଃՖՓޓਢ᝻ፌਙፖ႓ਞࣔڇ֮ᖂسෑխ൓א࿇٠࿇ᑷऱૹ૞הԳΔ ڕٵ Csikszentmihalyiΰ1996αࢬ༼נऱψښ॰Գωᄗ࢚Δ໌ທԺࡉᖂ॰ڶৰՕऱ ઌᣂΔۖ໌ທګ࣠ਢܡࠠ໌ທࢤΔٍڶৱറᄐᏆ഑ऱښ॰Գࠐףאᎁࡳ֗ေ۷Ι ڂڼΔψ׌ᒳωڼԫߡۥՈൄਢ֧Ꮖ܂୮ၞԵ֮ᖂᄥഘऱૹ૞֧ᖄृΖ ׼؆Δط࣍໌܂ਢࡰᗑऱΔ܂୮ڇ֮ᖂسෑՂۿ׏ޓტࠩवଃᣄޣΔڂڼኙ ٵਢ܂୮ߪٝऱٵ۴Ոຟ୶෼༤༤ઌ൦ऱൣᓩΔࠡխψত᝻קᆺωऱ᝻ፌਙፖᆺ فᛑޓ۞⡧הଚਢכݬ౳ऱൣᓩΔڇ֮ᖂسෑՂઌյᖿᛯፖ఩᣽Ζ۞ᤚፖᆺفᛑ

ڶઌᛖאःհൣऱ᝻ፌਙڇπᆺفᛑႃρΰ˄ˌˌ˄αխ༼ࠩΚʳ ʳ Ȩךჹд΋ޔԖ๱ᐚख़ޑ٩ᒘགǶךᕴ᝺ளǴӧךॺ ೭΋ဂคշค֋ޑუՔ྽ύǴԖယҡᔱځΓӧǴߡ฻ ܭԖΑ΋ਥᔏϺѮࢊǴଆዸёаኖଆ΋ҽλλޑǵё ኇϥϥޑֽय़ǶᏧдٗ΋݄ຑፕǵബբޑ฽Ǵךᜫཀ ుߞԖٗሶ΋ϺǴךॺёаݾள΋༧ЎᏢϺޜǶȩ!

նΕषᄎ֮֏֗ழזહནऱሖٽ

նϤڣזছ৵נ෼ऱ؀᨜܂୮ΔՕຟڶس੒ڇ๯ֲءอएऱཷاᆖ᧭խΖڇ Կۯ܂୮խΔڶࠟۯܛਢຍᑌऱس९હནΔᖏ৵թၲࡨشխ֮ᐊ܂Ιڼ༉ڕٵ Simonton ലԫଡ౨আၞ໌ທԺऱڶܓڂైጠհ੡ψᢰᒴωΰmarginalityαΔڼڗऱ ࠡխԫଡრ৸რ࠺ထس੒ڇࠟጟ֮֏հխΔڂڼ౨אᄅऱֱऄࠐ઎ৱৰڍࠃढΖ ႓ટ॑ڇπ᝻ፌਙऱ؀᨜Ⴟቝρΰ˅˃˃˃Δ̃ˁˊˉαխ༼ࠩΚȨᗛᆬࡹΒΜΐྃਔᕴᆉԖ Α߃؁ޑύЎૈΚǾவͣٗ͢͡ኬᇿᇻᖑᜤޑ໒ᓐᆉٰǴ΋ޔډૈ୼ࢬճӦаύ ЎਜቪǴ΋Ӆ࿶ᐕΑΎǵΖԃޑྃДǶȩ! ׼؆Δଖ൓ԫ༼ऱ٥ٵរਢΔڇڼԫழזહནՀΔהଚԿԳઃམٚඒ࣍՛ᖂΔ ڶထ੡Գஃ।ऱඒߛࠌࡎტΔڇ֮ີᇙ༿᥻ထፕ᨜षᄎڂ੡֮֏᧢ᔢۖᏁ૞ጤإ ऱଅ௛Ζڃ᥽הଚऱ໌܂سෑΔהଚऱ٥ٵរຟਢլᄎڂ੡ᐊ܂ऱᜱᣄΔۖೖַ լᐊΔ֘ۖ૜سנԫጟ܂୮ऱψຂٚტωΔྐඨ੡۞աᆖᖵመऱழזΔఎՀԫଡߠ ᢞΖᨠኘຍԿۯ܂୮ឈྥڶऱߨመլٵழזΔᐊ܂ऱଅ௑Ո૮ฆΔ܀ຟس੒ڇፕ ᨜ຍჇՒچՂΔڶထ܂୮ऱ໌܂ᑷᇨΔࠀ٥ٵڭದፕ᨜֮ᖂऱ዁ᐐΔ੡؀᨜֮ᖂ ۖܘԺΖ

Amabile ڇ”Beyond Talent”ԫ֮խאભഏထټ՛ᎅ୮ John Irving ੡ࠏΔᎅࣔ࠱ ။ऱ໌ທլਢࠐ۞֚سऱթ౨Δۖਢ৵֚਍ᥛլឰऱܘԺΔۖᦀ೯ଡ᧯լឰܘԺ ऱ༉ਢψᑷൣωΚ

Ȩךୢ JswjohǴࣁՖջ٬ς࿶ԋࣁ΋ՏߚதԖӜޑλ ᇥৎΑǴϝёаᆢ࡭؂ϺቪբΜλਔǴдᇥǺȬךགྷന ख़ाޑচӢࢂךჹቪբޑ዗ངǴࣁϙሶךჹቪբёа

೭ሶ׫ΕǻځჴࢂӢࣁǴቪբჹךԶق٠όࢂπբǴ Զࢂ٦ڙǼȭȩȐBnbcjmf-3112ȑ!

ኟᆵΞآݙৱᥛ

ໃנ܂୮ڇ֮ᖂፘፕՂڭದࠌࡎტऱ዁ᐐΔຍଡᡢᦠঊၝऱ྽૿᜔౨ڇኟᆵ ழᤢ൓የഘ൑ΖྥۖΔኙ܂୮ۖߢΔהଚ૞ऱՈ๺լਢڼದ࢖ᆵऱ༳ᜢΔۖਢཋ ໱৵࿇Ꭷڇᨠฒ֨խऱტ೯ਢܡਁ९Δᤉۖ࿇ཀ֮ᖂᑨฝᚈ֏ऱᐙ᥼ࢤΖ Sternberg ֗ Williamsΰ1996αམߢΔނ໌რԳऱسؓΕ໌რ֗ழזહནอᖞ ದࠐտฯ࿯ᖂسΔᛵᇞ໌რګ࣠ऱᎈ༝ፖ໛ஙΔᆖൄ൷ᤛڍցΕڶ᧢֏ऱᒤࠏኙ ᄗ࢚वᢝऱᛧ൓ڶᄕ೏ऱإ૿ய࣠ΖໃנԳՓհࢬאડנΔԯڂהଚ࿨ٽԱଡԳ ௽ᔆऱᚌႨΕ໌܂ழऱറࣹא֗سෑᖵ࿓ᇙٺႈڶܓڂ՗ऱ༷ٽΔթ౨࿇୶נਁ ९լ᧢ऱึߪ៭ݳፖᘋᔊΖڂڼΔូ౏ԱאՀ؄រ೚੡൶ߒፖᖂ฾ऱؾᑑΚ

ԫΕૹ૞הԳऱඔ࿇ፖ֧Ꮖ

ໃנ܂୮ڇޣᖂऱመ࿓֗റᄐسෑᖵ࿓խઃڶߜஃऱඔ࿇ፖسࡎխ၆Գऱ֧ ᏆΔٵழࠡԾ౨ނ༽ᣂ᝶ऱৈᖲၞۖڇᇠᏆ഑խ࿇୶נԫسऱ៭ݳΖຍױ༼ࠎ࿯ ඒߛՠ܂ृ֗׀ئڇඒߛ৘՗ழᚨڶऱॾ࢚Δڂ੡ݺଚऱԫᜰԫ೯ઃױ౨ڇาპ հ๠ᐙ᥼৘՗ऱԫسΔڂڼΔᚨאԫଡૹ૞ښ॰Գऱߡۥཚ๺۞աΔץ୲ٺጟ໌ რڇس੒խ࿇سऱྤૻױ౨ࢤΖ

ԲΕ٤֨ދԵऱᘋᔊፖ壄壀

ຍԿۯ܂୮ڇ֮ᖂسෑᖵ࿓խຟբ໌܂Ա၌መԿΕ؄ԼڣΔ੷۟քԼڣऱᄣ ִΔຍຜխᖵᆖመಯᒚ֗س੒ऱ᠏މΔૉॺԫै٤֨ދԵऱᑷᇨਢྤऄഒ਍۟վ ऱΔຍᑌऱਁ९ऱറࣹ壄壀ऱᒔਢଖ൓ݺଚᖂ฾ऱΙ֘ᨠ෼վՅࠃಳޣຒګऱष ᄎ֗უ૞ԫՔګټऱ෼זԳΔڇಳޣॽᣝऱ؆ڇழΔᚨᇠԱᇞഛ塄റࣹऱᘋᔊ֗ ךኔऱփොթਢԫ֊ऱഗ៕Ζ

ԿΕ۞ݺኔ෼ऱಳޣፖየߩ

܂୮ଚڇהଚऱԳسፘፕխΔൄאԫጟಳޣ۞ݺኔ෼ऱৎኪנ෼Ζהଚڇ໌

܂ऱመ࿓խΔೈԱ໌܂ऱၲᙰਢߜஃ࿯ղ֧ᖄऱቔᚐ؆Δኙ࣍؆੺࿯ղࠡ܂঴ऱ ေᓵਢլ֜ڇრऱΔ܂୮ଚڇრऱਢ۞աፖ۞աኙᇩ৵߷ጟ࢘ኔऱܧ෼ፖધᙕΖ ຍጟ࢘࣍۞աऱചࣇᄭ࣍ᗑ௽ࢤ௑ᇙΔ඿໌ທנ۞աسࡎᏝଖऱॾ࢚א֗ԫैኙ ୮ၢᑷფऱࠌࡎტΔຍਢ֭਍הଚլឰ໌܂ՀװऱԺၦΖ

؄Εڃ墅षᄎऱᏝଖፖॾ࢚

ຍԿۯ܂୮ൄൄ๯ം֗੡۶໌܂Λהଚൄൄլપۖٵऱڃ࿠Κψࣁᆵ᡼ǼωΖ ࢨ๺ڇࠡسෑᖵխઃڂڶߜஃऱ֧Ꮖۖ֨ڶტ஑Εᚩ൓ڃ墅ΙՈࢨ๺མᆖٵ੡՛ ᖂඒஃऱהଚΔփ֨෡๠ڰբୖՀψ௲ػᆵ᡼Π΋жωऱݦඨጟ՗Δၞۖڇګ੡ ܂୮৵ጳ࣋נඒஃࠌࡎტऱक़ںΔ੡ፕ᨜ګ༉Աฒڍભړऱ܂঴Ζ

ીʳ ʳ ᝔

ء ֮ ੡ ഏ ઝ ᄎ ᇖ ܗ റ ᠲ ઔ ߒ ૠ ྽ հ ຝ ٝ ઔ ߒ ګ ࣠ ΰ ૠ ྽ ᒳ ᇆ Κ NSC-92-2413-H-320-003αΔࢭ፞೶ፖءઔߒհ܂୮ऱቓԺઌܗΔא֗ઔߒܗ෻႓ ࣲࢣ՛ࡦհ࠰ܗΔ௽ڼԫࠓી᝔Ζ

೶ە֮᣸

ԭᘋ壁ΰ1989αΖᾲ⇾ԫጕထΔ໌ທየچၒΖ്۔ஃִעΔ6Δ19-21 ଄Ζ ԭᘋ壁ΰ2000αΖ᧯ࠫፖषᄎ֮֏հઌᣂڂైΖ ሉ࣍໌რቸၷՠ܂ܽᄎᤜ֫םΖ ԭᘋ壁ΰ2001αΖᅝזໃנᢌ๬Գթ໌ທ࿇୶ऱषᄎᛩቼΚԫጟႚಖᇷற։࣫Ζഏઝᄎઔ ߒૠ྽ګ࣠໴ܫ(NSC90-2413-H-030-024)Ζ ׆ٚܩΰ2004aαΖᆬՀऱچ෻ ڶൣऱԳس ႓ਞࣔ٣س๶ᓫᙕΰՂαΖഏ֚֮چΔ19ΰ8αΔ 65-71Ζ ׆ٚܩΰ2004bαΖᆬՀऱچ෻ ڶൣऱԳس ႓ਞࣔ٣س๶ᓫᙕΰՀαΖഏ֚֮چΔ19ΰ9αΔ 107-111Ζ ࡱ ࡱ ΰ2005αΖ႓ਞࣔ԰ᦛԼԶࢾΖ խഏழ໴Δ2005 ڣ 3 ִ 16 ֲΔE7 ठΖ ࣥࢉ؀ΰ1999αΖໃנઝᖂ୮໌ທԺ௽ࢤ֗ၲ࿇հઔߒ—ᖵ׾ߡ৫հ൶ಘΖഏઝᄎઔߒૠ ྽ګ࣠໴ܫ(NSC87-2511-S-003-063)Ζ

ࣥቯ໻Εᓐై॑ΰ1980αΖ໌ທ૿૿ᨠΖሉ࣍խဎاഏ௽௘ඒߛΰ׌ᒳαΔᇷᚌᖂس໌ທԺ ፖ௽௘թ౨ΰ318-327 ଄αΖ؀קΚ֨෻Ζ ພڶ⾍ΰ1983αΖ໌ທ֨෻ᖂΖ؀קΚإխΖ ༙ᅗ८ΰ1999αΖᆺفᛑေႚΖ؀קΚਞᄇΖ ႓ટ॑ΰ2000αΖ᝻ፌਙऱ؀᨜ႿቝΖ؀קΚழ໴Ζ ຫਟᏚΰ2003αΖ໌რԳढઔߒհڃ᥽ፖ൶࣫ΖᇷᚌඒߛࡱעΔ87Δ27-40Ζ ᆺفᛑΰ1991αΖᆺفᛑႃΖ؀קΚছᓡΖ ᆺفᛑΰ1992αΖԫଡ؀᨜۔ڷ܂୮ऱնѽڣזΖ؀קΚছᓡΖ Ꮵਞৄΰ1987αΖ႓ਞࣔছႚΖ؀קΚႽ壀Ζ ᝻ፌਙΰ1991αΖ᝻ፌਙႃΖ؀קΚছᓡΖ ᝻ፌਙΰ2000αΖ؀᨜֮ᖂԼᝑΖ؀קΚছᓡΖ

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Sternberg, R. J. & Williams, W. M. (1996)ထΔພঊᔃ࿛᤟ΰ2003αHow to develop student creativity. ڕ۶ഛ塄ᖂسऱ໌ທԺΖ؀קΚ֨෻Ζ

Professional careers of distinguished writers in

Taiwan

Chao-Yi Chen

*

Abstract

Participants consisted of three distinguished writers. Case studies were employed through in-depth interviews and data collection in an aim at acknowledging process of careers by these writers. In view of the results, conclusions were achieved as follows: their career attributed a great deal to family background. They all appreciated some life beneficial others for their in-time guidance. These people included “door keepers” of the field. As for time background, they referred mainly to persistence in adversity, setting transference, and blooming of development in Taiwan.

Key Words: writers, career, family background

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