應用可變結構設計於電力系統中電壓調節及其可靠度之研究

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(2) ୯ ҥ Ҭ ೯ ε Ꮲ! !!!. !!!. !!!. !!!. !!!. ႝᐒᆶ௓‫ڋ‬πำᏢ‫!س‬ ᅺγፕЎ!. ᔈҔёᡂ่ᄬ೛ी‫ܭ‬ႝΚ‫س‬಍ύႝᓸፓ࿯Ϸ‫ځ‬ ё᎞ࡋϐࣴ‫!ز‬ Study of Voltage Regulation and its Reliability Using Variable Structure Scheme in a Power System. ࣴ!‫!ز‬ғǺ݅ߞ჏! ! ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺఉᝬЎ!!റγ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ύ!๮!҇!୯!!ΐ!Μ!Ѥ!ԃ!Ύ!Д. !.

(3) ᔈҔёᡂ่ᄬ೛ी‫ܭ‬ႝΚ‫س‬಍ύႝᓸፓ࿯Ϸ‫ځ‬ё᎞ࡋ! ϐࣴ‫ز‬ Study of Voltage Regulation and its Reliability Using Variable Structure Scheme in a Power System. ࣴ ‫ ز‬ғǺ݅ߞ჏ ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺఉᝬЎ റγ. Ǻ AdvisorǺYew-Wen Liang Student Shin-Jia Lin. ୯ҥҬ೯εᏢႝᐒᆶ௓‫ڋ‬πำᏢ‫س‬ ᅺγፕЎ A Thesis Submitted to Department of Electrical and Control Engineering College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chiao Tung University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Electrical and Control Engineering July 2005 Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China. ύ๮҇୯ΐΜѤԃΎД.

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(121) MNÁTX. N[ qÿ¸¹ý0 0W\&]ÇÁ º<L¨ j

(122) µ&0 F3A òq. AÇ ö·q0. . . . . . . . . . . Æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . &Ð]qD b ·qÐ"àáô qkÈaF^é»RX ;w¡XÁT | A^é¢R ;^éÖ 9b|&µ®& "àáô öÞ . . . . . Æ . . . . . . . . . . . . w¡ ,|}g½¡ zÈàá%& üP, Ç]C ö]a( ·q0 . . Æ : . . . . . . . . .

(123) w öÊA¼½© ÖO45 ?@]qÌ N~ 4 5 ^é¾!þõ{ E¿0 Èb ö,¶À0 . . . . . a(. . öÞ. :. . :. . . . . . . . . w¡ N ÊÓ0µL93,zÈE?@ öûü è0Ð~òx3 % ǱíÊqÁz0 Ç¬+õÞ :. . . . ;¡ ðÂ¨Ì^éÇE ;ø~ ø[;ÃÚc(ÄC àá=ýc]qìíúû,ÅëqÇbc(qÇq, vz08àáêÊAìíÔËÈë>ìR~ ¹ ý£ÉEÖǱHëX?45JE ïéêÈoàá%&w¡Hí *Ý MüPÏ]ÊRC\. ëçè^éxÊÞßÝàáêxåæ 30Ð"ãg âã È3 ãgqëçè^é åæ\ #µëçè^é^|. .

(124).

(125). àáê. ". : . . . . . . +õÞ àá%& B 0p%üËïðX0 . . . .

(126). . . . .

(127) R

(128) å . . . àáä .

(129). . .

(130) w . . . . . . . ! Ìö^| . . . ,-. . . ,-. .

(131) . . . ". . . . . ïðXÊ#qçèJëçèbÍÎ>Ì¾Æqçè3~òçèï ðX 0 . + )-. . < . . .

(132) 0µ ÏÐ0]þõ ^é+õ,±wA| <. .

(133) :. . ,-. . Hv;ïðX+õ3ªùÖÏ{¢ÈXl; c ^é+õ q zÑõïðXRÂÒ ïðX_\C¡ÆÞ^é þõJZEÖù2 ¡b~Ö T^Ö \.

(134). . (x 0, t 0) s1 = 0. (x f, t f). s=0. s2 = 0. Ö þõ ¡<X åæÊÞßÝàáêxÐhÈaÊù0<Lùµ0þõ µôÊÓ;\ ZÆWÊí>åæÆÞëçè^é àá äµµåæÆ%&^éàáä<Ï{W0#$àá W\ #$àáWqµµÇ^éÚõ9á ïðX Wå ^é+õ öõïðXì þõc]Ó öq v C¡ \Ç ".

(135). ;) *+ ,+-,*. . . . . . . . . . . . : . 0. . . . . 1 . . _öN 0#$àáåÏÐ°Ô C¡ B 0ëÕW ÏÐÊv . . Ç. . 0. . . . 1. . . . öv q& ö^éÚõÞ . . . 0. . 1. . . . . . .

(136) C¡µçèïðX . . < . : . . R 0 <. . . . 0< . 1. <. . . . öÌ]^é¤0 ïðX 9á öR. 9áÙü^é ïðX_Úõ\ àáêåæµLÔlq!ReµµCÖ;WqÇàáä CÖ;ÈW0Ç>àáä×wµëÕWÏÐuðtÝëµUàá 3 öÌ]>àáä ÇL!Ë\ üËìíëÕWÏÐuð^|. . . + )-. . . . ". MN qµK CÖÏÐRw !Hv C¡ Ç öq& öôÚõWMö. . . . . Þ. . . . . . . . : . . R. . : . 0±w. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . öM!ËÊ~¡A±w. . . . . . <. . . ..

(137) .

(138) .

(139)

(140) . . . . .

(141) .

(142)

(143) . . . . . . . . . . . <. . . ..

(144) . .

(145) . . . MN

(146) q LËR q LÞ3 vUàáä x "Ô_àáä 0 <. . . . . . . . . . . . e µCÖ;WqìíµëÕWÏÐuðÇ>ïðXuð0Uï ðXüË^| ". . =. . . . .

(147) ~¡. =. . . Hv. =. . .

(148) . . . . È. . . . qÐ. . ,). . 0CÖÏÐ§^. . . . . . . . . . . Ë!CÖÏÐ . .

(149) . . =. ". . . . . . . . . . . . =. =. . . . . . Þ.

(150) :. . Ï{~¡àáä M!ËÊ~¡A±w

(151)

(152) . . : . . . . ,-. . . : . . . . ,-. .

(153). . . µµEa¡CÖ;W0Þöàá ÈôEØ?Ù\ ÐXãg©µ» åæWw¡àáäCÖ;W<Ï{R Â_q= HíW\ /0å 0µÏÐ ëÕWuðÏÐ0

(154) öÊA0KßÝ .

(155).

(156). . . . . . . . 0#$àáe LËR0p% 0Ep%ùJ¯q. ùzÈUàáä0 . . ìR. . öÞ . : . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . öïð. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(157) ^ 3~¡ . . . . . . . . : . .

(158) 0.

(159). . Ê±w3$ åæ\. . .

(160) . Æ . fN3ÇEC m îñ^é¤îòóôAHvîò #£ûü¡µ,\ ôN3ÇØÚîñ^éD'(îÂ Þb ^éÚõWMöö\ ôN3ÇìíÊÞßÝàá>¤îò óôAõ%ëîòûüìRCÛÜ¿^é÷øÚõùúC¡åæ àáäí¡îñ^éN¤,þÿ\ ',,.

(161) 01. . . . %DpqrE. ôN3. qJK îñ^éþ3Ç^ éN'(îÂ îÂ,åü0ÊÞ;ìíîÂ ,Þ;0àáê%&øìíóôîÂ,Þ;>õîòóô\ îñ^éþN. ÁT9UVWjëçè'(jÞòêj'( îÂHîÛMþÙÊù0'(þîñ^éþ<¾ýMÙ^ |¸ '(þ ëçè'(þ&qñí¡ ì ÇM;âMëçè ',,.

(162) 01. *, ! +,- *. >*01. . 01.

(163) þqÙ ÝõÚõ '( ìÛîx|\Ýõ '(! ëçèþ&^|¸ 6?. !. . 6?. ! ! . . . . " Æ " # $ # " Æ " # " # : . . : . . : . . . . . È! ù2q&ÝõNÞD$)*$)*! q&0 '(ÞD)*\ îñ^éþ îñ^éþ&¡Ö \ þNHîÛÚõWMöÊì íßàWMö v&^|¸ . 6?. . . . ;)+,. % Æ & ! ' # (. @. . . . . Æ Æ ). . ' (. . ). . È% j ! ù2&HîÛá3jâãÛä)*\ þN 0 ^éND üÁbôüÁ$)*ÞD\ '(NÁTµL' (îÂ>Hîò#hilå,0 [;\ È3¬ÈîÂ&0 ù2&0îÂ=,Þ;,0W\Hí3 ìí !"#$ Ç ( ' ;âM&^|¸ . . . . AB ;) *+. . . ( ( ) . ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) !"#$ß ' ( '( qÈaM#$"ÖÌ&¡Ö. ' (. . . '

(164) (.

(165). . . . . . ,. . -+. . ,. . . . . ,. ]ìí \ æ Ma¿NÞD)* a¿N$)*D$)*DÊA&^ |¸ . !. ' (# Æ ) ( ) (. ' (# Æ ) ( ) (. . . . . 3. . 35. Æ. :. . . , . . ¼. . ,. . . . . . ' ( # Æ Æ ). ) # ' ( # Æ Æ ). ) # . . ,. . . . . , . . . . . . 3ÊAvîñ^éÚõWMö^|¸. &. . .

(166) Y0∠( −θ 0 −. π 2. ). V∠δ. π. Ym ∠(−θ m −. 2. ). C. Em ∠δ m. E0∠0. (a). π. Y0′∠(−θ 0′ − ) 2. V∠ δ. Ym ∠(−θ m −. π 2. Em ∠δ m. C1. E0′ ∠(θ 0′ − θ 0 ). (b). Ö îñ^éþ ^é ". ). . . . !"#$. .

(167) %& " Æ " " # :. . :. . :. & ! ' ( # Æ Æ ) ' ( ). " # " # Æ Æ # " " # " " " " # " ! Æ Æ # ! ! " Æ Æ # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . È !. ' (# Æ ) ( ) (. ' (# Æ ) ( ) (. . . . . . . , . . . ,. . . . ' ( # Æ Æ ). ) # ' ( # Æ Æ ). ) # . . . . . . , . ,. . . . . ôN^é3qñí¡ M,^|¸ '(. . 01. " " ! . ". . . . . " . ". . $. . . !. . . . . . a¿HîÛ. ) ' ( ( ' ! % . . . . . . . . . kùAlå, 3 Æ & &^|¸. ) '. . . . (. . ). . . . 0MÖýAý&\ Æ # \¼ 3ÊAv. !- ) + *). . : . . . . . :. . :. . . 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . È3~¡'(îò0^é%ë * . . .

(168) {|>3Çìíîñ^éÚõWMö¤îòóôAÊÞßÝàáT Õ>îòóô\ . . . àáêåæ 0õîòóôÔ3ÇìíÊÞßÝàá>åæàáê> îòóô\¼e fN3@A åæWÊAù0 L eµL N~òǱDXHv^é þõb#àáÔlø\e LNåæǱDàáêHv^é 9b|{X þõ\ ìíîñ^éþ 3ÇM&0. .

(169). 3. * :. MN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3üË * 0 óôîò,îò /3üË0 . +. . * * . . . .

(170) .

(171). åæeµN3~üX0. . . +. . . ¾]~ ^é+õõX&îò"óô³yü,\M e N3~¡àáä0 . . . . MN )#qH^é# 9bx|{X_ ^é+õI X_ìR´"# ;¡Ôlø\w Av. íq. 3. . : . 3Ê. * * * . . : . . : . . . . . . : . . 0Hv%&Ý Hæí3, m A3Á&|Þå\ å àáN \ w¡ q&'(îòìRîòóôÔq Ç'(îòI ë÷x1ü ,zÈ_åqÜ\:w öÊ@å q& zÈ àáLMN^é2O ?@\w#$àáÊ@^é+õ Xb ,Ü . . . . : . . . . . . . . * . : . . 3#£v#$àá . Ç. . q&. . . . . . . . *. : . . N3ÊAv. . : . . . 3~¡ . . . . . .

(172) È. . . \Ç. . q&. . NÊv. . : . . . . <O° "-"Êv . . : . . ] ±w;\ w_åæN3¼ . . . . . . . . 0. . . . . * :. . . . ÊAvàáä. . 1. . zÈ3|Þß \ ü ^é å âôîòóôÇÊwàáä õ * * \ {|>3Ç¤÷øÚõ ùú>2¦^é + õ b q:ûüø\ . . C-, /2 . . 3. . ÷øÚõùú å3 ^é%ëîò !¡ N È3üË%ë. . . *

(173) . w. . . . Êv * . : . . :. . . . . MN 03àá%&wå 3ÊAv@ AÈC 0 \z^éNhL+õÞAÊ@v^éNç©L+õ àáù20 j \ C¡÷øÚõùú3üË *

(174) ôÊv \D ûü¡ bw ö3ÊAv \w ÊÇ|Úõ &0 . -*+ , -. . . . . . . 3. . . . +-*. /2 . :. . . . .

(175) . . . :. . . :. . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . ¼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \w. . . . . . 3ÊAv . . . 3ÊAv. . . . . . . . . . 3v hLÜ ù20 Ç ù2q& 3ÊAvC ù20 \{|>3Çìíçè;ùúÆmv øq:ûüø\ . q&. . J. . . ø\¼. 3. . . . . Ç. . . . . . m^éø3ÊAv. . . ôÊv . . . . È . . . . . 3. . . . . . . . . . . ûüýùú 3üË , È. . . . . . 0. . . 1. 0^é. . Ç. 3. 3. D. ". D. ". D. ". . ø ,. . D 0D. D. D 1. . . C , ¤çè;Ê&0 . , - , : D . D. . .

(176) MN. . -. . . . Êv. . . . . , . . . . . . , . . , . . . . , . . . , . . . 1>WMö0. - . . . . . D,. . . . . . . . 3ÊAv±w 1>,ù20 1>,è éXNô0ûüø\D , 1>,0 zµ1>, êXFÈ ø0Eûüø\ , 1>,0 z<L1>, êXFÈø0Eûüø\ , 1>,0 zµ1>, êXFÈø0Eû üø\w_1>,3v@~ø , b0ûü øMùøè0Eûüø\{|>3Çìíàáä C^ é¤þÿ\ . . 0 1. . . 0. 0 . 1. 1. 0. . 1. 0 . 1. 0. 1. 0. 0. . . . . 1. 1. 0 1. . þÿß 0]3ìí åæëàáê#õîòóô)#c ôN 3Çìí cäë÷>¤îñ^éþ,þÿ>õîòóô )#\ ôNØàáêåæN3~üóô, * ôÊvX0. .

(177). #4+*#. . . . . * . . .

(178) 3 àáÇHv^éîò N¡ [;zÈ^éÇ±wå \Èo w¡Hí ÇÖP¶ïéêìRPEDX?45zÈ3 A >òq MN züË^| . . . . . . . . ÈþÿN3~ü . . . . . . . . . . . . 0. . . . . . ôàáä. . . .

(179) . . . . . . ^|ö 1. . w_~ü3Ç¤,þÿMþÿß Þ¡Ö \ Ö N3~ü.+õ '($)* ^Ö Màá%& EKoàáwÖ 3ÊA©îòEÖûü ¡ü,ìRÖHîòEF\{|>3ÇÁ& àá¤îòóô\ Ö N3EC1ü'(¤þÿ>©îòq:#õóô,Ö qECë1ü'(þÿî>

(180) îò '(ÞÚbq: #I óô,\ Ö N3~ü.+õ '($)* ^Ö Èþÿ. q.îò /0',b

(181) îòóô $ Ö +õ Þ;3îìR+õ ù2ûü ¡ [;3æ ëûüøRª½ /\¼Ö 3 ÊA©îò,ìí¡ õîò óôîò,\Cx'(îÂ,ô ¡¡Ö \Ö N3~ü.+õ '($) * ^Ö Èþÿß q .îò /0q,b. îòóô$ Ö 3ÊA©îò,w ìí¡ õîò óôÔ\ Ö . qC¡ë1ü'( >©^éîò,q: #õóô, Þ;^Ö j \ Ö N3~üü.+ õ ^é.îò /0',\ Ö 3~ü.+õ. ^é.îò /0q,\wÖ 3ÊA îò,Y#ìí¡ ³ îò,]qîòóôÔY#ìõ\ _àáq¡ Ô,Ê2vabå^éE8E2üè Ôàá<ÍµµL à^éNÊ#E2üJq+õv@ <Í\ fN3å Ôîñ^éN=2v'( Þ; 3. . 0 1. . . . 3. 3. . 0 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1. . . . . . . . . . . 0 1. 0 1. . . . .

(182) 3üË'(3

(183) /30 0Hàáê#£õîòóô3ì í|Þå å qµLÐ,ìR µLq, .Hv . ìíå Ç À0 . . . . . . . . . Ç. . . . [&. . . . Êv. . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±w\ È3å^ Þ; xô . 0 µL_Ð\a(3A òq þÿß ¡Ö \ Ö N.,0 .îò /0',3å3

(184) '($)* ,0 ^éÔ'($)*Þ;0 ^Ö wÖ Ê@îò,%Ê)¤óô\Ö C'(îÂ Þ,î\o Ö N3~ò.,0. .îò /0q,a(å3

(185) '($)* 0 ^éÔ'($)* ^Ö ¼Ö 3^éîò%Êõ óôîò,\¤µ3å 3

(186) °N 45^Ö #.,0 .îò /0',w Ê@^éîò Èî|²#Çõó-,îòó ô\ _þÿNàáê qåÊAhðK, Ô^éN'( îÂÊ#~#ð&2d1ü, È3å^éNîÂó-,A 0µîý\w 3ÊA@AD b ½ï5 D

(187) b½ ÇÊüÁ ,H^é¤`õXN\D b3Ç ½ eµòhïÃ&ÈbÇ^éàá%&Öåæ,È/ %&#3\C¡ Æë%&#33üË0 \3ÊAÇ &0 . . . . . . . . . 3. 0 1 . . . . . . . 0 1. . . . . . 0 1. . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . * . . . : . .

(188) Èb^éüÁ E2üÝ3ìíàáä j ìR w ö3Ê@ zÈ3~ü . >Hv^é±w ;\ìR~ü Mþÿß Þ¡Ö \ Ö N.,0. .îò /0q,3å3

(189) '($) * ,0 ^Ö wÖ Ê@îò,%Ê)¤óô\Ö C'(îÂ Þ,î\o Ö N3~ò., 0 .îò /0','($)*Þ;^Ö ¼Ö 3^éîò%Êõ óôîò,\ Ö 0Ö :3

(190) /bîòÞ;< Ö 0 Ö þÿß 3ÊAHéîòìí"îòìíýÞHH H;¡ \ Ö 0Ö þÿß 3ÊAHéîòÖ ¤ `ìí¡"bO /?@Hvîòª½ðñ¬îòvë bq¾`:#Hîòì¡N\ A_þÿß NÖ N 3å ÊA=23

(191) AðàáêHí ^éNKo456d ìR j F ÊAkÞòëçèÝADî òõXNÇ#£¬îòûü¡ N\ Ö N^éN E2üèJ6dw¡àáÁ& Hv^éîò#£¤`õ XìR ^éN67îNDîòí¥b^éA #£óÇî ò;¡XN\ . . . . . . . . . 0. . 3. . 1. . . . . . 0 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. . : : . . . . . . . . 3.

(192) 11.5. 60. Q. state variables. 80. 1. 12. 11. 10.5. 40 x 20. 3. x1 10. 0. 0.01. 0.02 (a) time. 0.03. 0. 0.04. x2. 0. 0.01. 0.02 (b) time. 0.03. 0.04. 0. 0.01. 0.02 (d) time. 0.03. 0.04. 1 0 0.5. v. c1. −5. −10. −15. Ö . 0. −0.5. 0. 0.01. 0.02 (c) time. 0.03. −1. 0.04. àá%&b\ '($)* ^é+õÞ ^éîò, '(îÂó-,. ". . . . . . 11.5. 0.6 x1. state variables. Q1. 0.4. 11. 0.2 x. x2. −0.2 10.5. 0. 2. 4. 6. 8. −0.4. 10. 3. 0. 0. 20. 40. 60. (b) time (a) time 16. 1. 15. 0.98. 14 c. v. 0.96 0.94. 13. 0.92. 12. 0.9. 0. 2. 4. 6. 8. 11. 10. 0. 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. (d) time. (c) time. Ö .îò /0',\ '($)* ^é+õÞ ^é îò, '(îÂó-, ". . . . . . . .

(193) 1. state variables. Q1. 11.5. 11. x. 0.5. 1. 0 x x. 3. 2. 10.5. 0. 5. 10. 15. −0.5. 20. 0. 5. 10. (a) time 1.1. 16. 1.08. 15. 1.06. v. 15. 20. 15. 20. (b) time. 14 c. (a) time 1.04. 13. 1.02. 12. 1 0. 5. 10. 15. 11. 20. 0. 5. 10 (d) time. (c) time. Ö .îò /0q,\ '($)* ^é+õÞ ^é îò, '(îÂó-, ". . . . . . . 1 12 state variables. 11.6. Q. 1. x1. 0.5. 11.8. 11.4. 0. 11. 0. 5. 10. 15. −1. 20. x. x. −0.5. 3. 2. 11.2. 0. 5. (a) time. 10. 15. 20. 15. 20. (b) time 16. 1. 15. 0.98. 14. v. c. 0.96 0.94. 13. 0.92. 12. 0.9. 0. 5. 10. 15. 11. 20. (c) time. 0. 5. 10 (d) time. Ö ë1ü,.îò /0'\ '($)* ^é+õÞ ^ éîò, '(îÂó-, ". . . . . . .