Manufacturing Techniques and Functional Properties of the Bamboo
Charcoal/ Antibacterial/ Stainless Steel Metal Composite Woven Fabric
Jia-Horng Lin
1,2,3, Zhi-Cai Yu
4, 5, b, Jian-Fei Zhang
4and Ching-Wen Lou
6, a1Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials,
Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
2School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan 3Department of Fashion Design, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
4School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
5Department of Light Chemical Engineering, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning
118003, China
6Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science
and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
a[email protected], b[email protected]
Key words: Metal composite yarns, woven fabric, far infrared emissivity, stainless steel wires.
Abstract. In this research, the B/A/S composite yarns were fabricated using the stainless steel wires
as core yarn, antibacterial nylon and bamboo charcoal polyester filaments as inner wrapped yarn and outer wrapped yarn, respectively. The composite yarns with a wrapping number of 8, 11, 14 turns/cm were fabricated on a hollow spindle spinning machine. Furthermore, the composite fabrics were woven with the B/A/S composite yarns as weft yarns and the PET as the warp yarns. These fabrics were evaluated in terms of far infrared (FIR) emissivity and the air permeability. The presence of the bamboo charcoal was found to increase the FIR emissivity. The highest of the FIR emissivity was obtained when the weft yarns with a wrapping number of 11 turns/cm. The lamination numbers of the woven fabrics varied from 1-5 layers. The far infrared emissivity and air
permeability of the woven fabrics was 0.94 and 268 cm3/cm2/s when the lamination numbers was 2
layers and the wrapping number was 11 turns/cm.
Introduction
Bamboo choral polyester (BC-PET) has extensively been used in various fields because of its good properties in emitting far infrared ray, releasing anion, absorbing electromagnetic wave and possessing rich trace elements natural minerals, such as calcium, sodium, etc. [1-2].Thus, people start paying attention to it and used it in causal wears, protective clothing and etc[3].
The FIR rays, as a typical infrared spectrum associated with human physiological processes is roughly from 4-14um and all living creatures on earth depend them to live and grow. FIR rays were able to make water molecules vibrate until they resonate, and hence activate them to accelerate metabolism. Furthermore, the FIR rays can still permeate the human body’s dermis and subcutaneous tissue and lead to molecular vibration, which creates a thermal reaction, thus the FIR also have a warmth-preservation function [4].
The aim of this research was to fabricate a bamboo charcoal/ antibacterial/ stainless steel (B/A/S) meal composite yarns by using a hollow spindle spinning machine. The core yarn was stainless, antibacterial nylon and bamboo charcoal polyester filaments as inner wrapped yarn and outer wrapped yarn, respectively. Then, the woven fabrics were produced with the composite yarn by a loom, followed by an evaluation on the FIR emitting and air permeability in this paper.
Experimental Materials
Bamboo charcoal polyester (BC-PET) yarn was obtained from Hua Mao Co. Ltd. The BC content in the PET is 1.2 %, the particle size is 408.1 nm. The 40 μm stainless steel wires were purchased from King, s Metal Fiber Technology Co., Ltd. Bamboo charcoal/ antibacterial/ stainless steel meal composite yarns were fabricated with stainless steel wire as core yarn, the antibacterial nylon and bamboo charcoal polyester textured yarn as inner and outer wrapped yarn. The wrapping number of the B/A/S composite yarn was 8, 11 and 14 turns/cm. In addition, each of the three varieties of composite yarn was put into a Rapier loom as the weft yarn for a specific fabric. Hence, three types of woven B/A/S-8, B/A/S -11. B/A/S -14 were fabricated. The number means the wrapped number of the used composite yarns. For the woven fabrics, the warp yarns were PET filament. Figure 1 shows the composite yarns with the wrapped number of 8 turns /cm. Figure 2 illustrate the knitted fabric.
Figure 1. The metal composite yarns Figure 2.Metal composite woven fabric (wrapping number:8 turns/cm) (weft yarn: metal composite yarn)
Measurement of far infrared emissivity
A TSS-5X tester was used to measure the far infrared（FIR）emissivity, as specified in
FTTS-FA-010 The FIR emissivity of each sample was tested twenty times at different position to get mean. Before the measurements and tests, all fabrics samples were conditioned in standard
atmospheric conditions (20±2 ℃，65±5 % relative humidity) for 48 h. All tests were performed
under standard ambient conditions. Bamboo charcoal
Air permeability test
Air permeability was evaluated according to standard ISO 9237:1995 using a Testes FX-3300 air permeability ester. The air pressure differential between the two surfaces of the fabric was 100 Pa.
Results and discussion
FIR of the B/A/S woven fabrics with various wrapping numbers
Figure 3. The effect of wrapping number on Figure.4 The effect of wrapping number on air FIR emissivity. Permeability
Figure 5.The effect of lamination number on Figure 6.The effect of lamination numbers on FIR emissivity. air permeability.
Figure 3 shows that the woven fabrics with bamboo charcoal polyester filaments had a higher FIR emissivity than the PET woven fabric. When the bamboo charcoal polyester filaments content increased with the wrapping number, it brought about a higher far infrared emissivity. For the B/A/S-11 woven fabric, the FIR emissivity reached up to 0.931.The far infrared permeate the human body’s dermis and subcutaneous tissue and lead to molecular vibration, which creates a thermal reaction.
Figure 4 shows the variation of the air permeability of the composite woven fabrics. It should be noted that with the increase of the wrapping numbers, the air permeability of the woven fabric
decreased. This is most probably due to the high wrapping number of the composite yarns resulted in large thickness of the fabric. Thus, the B/A/S -14 composite woven fabric had the lowest air permeability in this research.
In consideration of the far infrared emissivity and the air permeability of the woven, the B/A/S -11 woven fabric was chose for further to discuss the effect of lamination numbers on the far infrared emissivity and the air permeability.
Figure 5 indicates the variation of far infrared emissivity with the increase of the lamination numbers. It was found that when the bamboo charcoal content increased with lamination number, it bright about a higher far infrared emissivity. However, when the lamination number was over two layers, the far infrared emissivity dropped. This phenomenon could be explained by the fact that the too many layers increased the thickness of the fabrics and the attenuated the heat conduction [5].
Figure 6 shows the variation of the air permeability for the B/A/S-11 fabric when changed the lamination numbers. As the increase of the lamination numbers, the air permeability of the woven fabrics dropped rapidly. As expected, increasing the lamination numbers will increase the resistance to air flow, which resulted in lower air permeability. However, all the lamination composite fabrics had air permeability over 150, which meet the requirement as the protecting clothing.
Summary
In this study, the B/A/S composite yarns were produced using the hollow spinning machine with the wrapping number of 8, 11, 14 turns/cm. Furthermore, the woven fabrics were fabricated using the composite yarns as the weft yarn and the PET as the warp yarn. For the single-layer woven fabric had a higher far infrared emissivity with the increase of the wrapped number of the composite yarns. Far infrared emissivity also increased as lamination number of B/A/S-11 fabric rose from one to two layers. Nevertheless, it decreased as lamination numbers exceeded two layers. However, with increasing the lamination numbers, the air permeability would always decrease. Moreover, composite yarns can be made with various fibrous materials, and can be incorporated into products with multiple functions.
Acknowledgement
The authors would especially like to thank National Science Council of the Taiwan, for financially supporting this research under Contract NSC 102-2622-E-468-01-cc3.
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