正交分頻多工毫微微細胞系統子載波分配與功率控制之研究

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ႝߞπำࣴز܌!

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ᅺ!γ!ፕ!Ў!

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҅Ҭϩᓎӭπడ༾༾ಒझس಍ηၩݢϩଛᆶ

ф౗௓ڋϐࣴز

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!Joint Subcarrier Allocation and

Power Control for OFDMA Femtocells

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ࣴزғǺ׵ᐏ!

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!!!ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺЦᆿ։!௲௤!

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ύ! ๮! ҇! ୯! ! ΐΜΐ!! ԃ! Ύ! Д!

҅Ҭϩᓎӭπడ༾༾ಒझس಍ηၩݢϩଛᆶф౗௓ڋϐࣴز!

Joint Subcarrier Allocation and Transmit

Power Control for OFDMA Femtocells

ࣴ ز ғǺ׵ᐏ

StudentǺChiao Lee

ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺЦᆿ։ AdvisorǺLi-Chun Wang

୯ ҥ Ҭ ೯ ε Ꮲ

ႝߞπำࣴز܌

ᅺ γ ፕ Ў

A Thesis

Submitted to Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communication Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering

National Chiao Tung University in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Master of Science

In

Communication Engineering July 2010

Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China

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VIII

Joint Subcarrier Allocation and Transmit Power Control

for OFDMA Femtocells

Student

ǺChiao Lee

Advisors

ǺDr. Li-Chun Wang

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Institute of Communication Engineering

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National Chiao Tung University

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Abstract

It goes without saying that femtcoells are the important technology in the

next generation wireless networks since the femtocell can improve indoor

capacity and coverage with lower power and less cost. However, as femtocells

become popular, the indoor and outdoor users su

ơer from the complicated

interference, including the interference from macrocells and other femtocells.

Therefore, the femtocells pose a lot of challenge on managing the two-tier

interference in an autonomous and distributed manner. In this thesis, we

investigate how to distributedly select the subchannels for the OFDMA-based

femtocell systems to reduce interference, improve indoor capacity, and ensure

the link reliability requirement of indoor and outdoor user. We develop the

gain-oriented and interference-avoidance-oriented distributed channel selection

schemes. Simulation results show that the interference from the macrocell and

other femtocells signi

¿cantly degrades both femtocell and macrocell user’s link

reliability and capacity. However, by properly adjusting the number of used

subchannels, the developed channel selection schemes can improve capacity

and ensure the link reliability.

Moreover, we analyze the outage probability of the distribution channel

selection for femtcoell with two-tier interference in OFDMA system. We can

calculate the femtocell outage probability if we know the information of

macrocell’s and neighboring femtocells’ location and the shadowing standard

deviation. Besides, we also analyze the relationship between the femtocell

IX

channel usage ratio and the macrocell radius. Therefore, we can know that in

what macrocell radius, how much channel usage ratio of femtocell should be

used.

Finally, We develop the joint sub-carrier allocation and power control

principle for OFDMA femtocells. We compare the channel usage ratio oriented

principle and transmit power oriented principle. Although the both principles

can satisfy the capacity, link reliability, and achieve the highest energy

e

ƥciency for femtocell. The visimulation results shows that average adjusting

times of the channel usage ratio oriented method is lower than the transmit

power oriented method. The channel usage ratio e

ơect on femtocell is diơerent

from power control. We can consider that the channel usage ratio allocate and

limit the resource from whole wireless resource, and the power control

allocates and adjusts the resource under the limited wireless resource.

Overall, the contribution for femtocell in this thesis contains:

Ǹ

Ǹ Distributed channel selection principle: Develop the distributed channel

selection principles in di

ơerent femtocell deployments and diơerent macrocell

radius. In addition, we suggest that the macrocell and femtocell should or

should not use the same spectra by the existing probability of the outdoor users

and femtocell deployment.

Ǹ Outage probability analyzing: Provide an analysis framework to analyze

theoutage probability of femtocell with two-tier interference in OFDMA

systems.

Ǹ Joint sub-carrier allocation and power control principle: Develop the

joint sub-carrier allocation and power control principle for femtocell to

¿QGWKH

suitable operating channel usage ratio and transmission power.

To summarize, this thesis discusses the channel selection, allocation of

sub-carrier for each subchannel, and power control in OFDMA femtocells,

which can provide important insight into the system design and deployment

principles for future femtocell systems.

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e9@ZJ kfj 9 ReX8 /" RjX3

e9@ZJ jf9 9X8 R3X8 /" R9XdR

bBKmHiBQMX h#H2 jXR b?Qrb i?2 +QMbB/2`2/ KQ/mHiBQM +Q/BM; b+?2K2b UJ*aV- i?2 +Q``2bTQM/BM; aAL_ i?`2b?QH/- M/ i?2 11aJ T`K2i2` βX ++Q`/BM; iQ h#H2 jXR-r2 +M /2i2`KBM2 i?2 J*a M/ i?2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v σj 7Q` i?2 mb2/ +?MM2H rBi? i?2 2z2+iBp2 aAL_ γef f,j(γ₁, γ₂, . . . , γM)X

jX9 S2`7Q`KM+2 J2i`B+b

jX9XR GBMF _2HB#BHBiv

h?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv Bb i?2 T`Q##BHBiv i?i 2z2+iBp2 aAL_ 7Q` i?2 +QMbB/2`2/ mb2` Bb ;`2i2` i?M  T`2/2}M2/ aAL_ i?`2b?QH/ γthX *QMbB/2` i?i i?2`2 `2 iQiH J bm#+?MM2HbX q2 /2}M2 i?2 bm#+?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ b i?2 `iBQ Q7 mb2/ bm#+?MM2Hb iQ i?2 iQiH bm#+?MM2HbX PM2 mb2` b2H2+ib ρJ bm#+?MM2Hb 7Q` /QrMHBMF i`MbKBbbBQMX G2i εj /2MQi2 i?2 miBHBiv 7mM+iBQMX ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2- B7 i?2 bm#+?MM2H j Bb b2H2+i2/ iQ i`MbKBi /i- εj = 1c Qi?2`rBb2- εj = 0X h?2M- r2 /2}M2 i?2 p2`;2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv 7Q` i?2 +QMbB/2`2/ mb2` b

Prel = 1 ρJ J  j₌₁ εjPr{γef f,j≥γth}, UjX8V r?2`2 Pr{γef f,j≥γth} Bb i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv Q7 i?2 j@i? bm#+?MM2HX h?2 aAL_ i?`2b?QH/

γth K2Mb i?2 KBMBKmK aAL_ `2[mB`2K2Mi 7Q` /i i`MbKBbbBQMX

jX9Xk 62KiQ+2HH *T+Biv

h?2 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv C Bb /2}M2/ b i?2 p2`;2 i?`Qm;?Tmi Q7  72KiQ+2HH-r?B+? /2T2M/b QM i?2 +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2- i?2 MmK#2` Q7 mb2/ bm#+?MM2Hb- M/ i?2 /QTi2/ J*a Q7 2+? bm#+?MM2HX ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 2[mBpH2Mi aAL_ γef f,j 7`QK i?2 11aJ K2i?Q/- r2 +M /2i2`KBM2 i?2 mb2/ J*a M/ i?2M i?2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v

σjX bbmK2 i?i Bm Bb i?2 #M/rB/i? Q7  bm#@+``B2` M/ i?2`2 `2 M bm#@+``B2`b BM  bm#+?MM2HX h?2 bm#+?MM2H #M/rB/i? Bb Bj = MBmX h?2M- i?2 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv Bb 2[mH iQ C = 1 1 + G J  j=1 εjBjσj, UjXeV r?2`2 G Bb i?2 ;m`/ 7`+iBQMX k9

jX9Xj 1z2+iBp2 aT2+i`mK 1{+B2M+v

h?2 2z2+iBp2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v Q7 i?2 2t+HmbBp2 M/ b?`2/ bT2+i`mK HHQ@ +iBQM b+?2K2b 7Q` i?2 72KiQ+2HHb `2 +H+mHi2/ BM i?2 7QHHQrBM;X AM i?2 2t+HmbBp2@ bT2+i`mK b+?2K2- i?2 iQiH HHQ+i2/ #M/rB/i? Bb2B bBM+2 i?2 72KiQ+2HHb M/ K+`Q@ +2HHb `2 HHQ+i2/ rBi? /Bz2`2Mi 7`2[m2M+v #M/bX bbmK2 i?i i?2 +?B2p2/ 72KiQ@ +2HH +T+Biv mM/2` i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi Bb CexX h?2 2z2+iBp2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v Q7 QM2 72KiQ+2HH BM i?2 2t+HmbBp2@bT2+i`mK b+?2K2 Bb /2}M2/ b

SEex =

Cex

2B. UjXdV

AM i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK b+?2K2- i?2 72KiQ+2HHb mb2 i?2 bK2 7`2[m2M+v #M/ Q7 #M/@ rB/i? B b i?2 K+`Q+2HHbX G2i Csh #2 i?2 +?B2p2/ +T+Biv Q7 QM2 72KiQ+2HH rBi? i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2MiX h?2`27Q`2- i?2 2z2+iBp2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v 7Q` i?2 b?`2/@ bT2+i`mK b+?2K2 Bb /2

SEsh = C

sh

B . UjX3V

AM/22/- SEex M/ SEsh /2}M2/ BM UjXdV M/ UjX3V `2 i?2 K2bm`2K2Mib Q7 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v BKT`Qp2K2Mi #v QM2 72KiQ+2HHX Hi?Qm;? i?2 2z2+iBp2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v SEex M/ SEsh `2 MQi i?2 +imH bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v Q7  ?2i2`Q;2M2Qmb K+`Q+2HHf72KiQ+2HH bvbi2K- i?2v +M #2 mb2/ iQ [mMiBiiBp2Hv +QKT`2 i?2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v Q7 i?2 2t+HmbBp2 M/ b?`2/ HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2bX AMimBiBp2Hv- rBi? i?2 /Qm#H2 #M/rB/i?- i?2 2t+HmbBp2@bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2 Kv ?p2 H2bb bT2+i`mK 2{@ +B2M+v i?M i?2 b?`2/ b+?2K2X >Qr2p2`- BM i?2 b?`2/@bT2+i`mK b+?2K2- 72KiQ+2HHb Kmbi `2/m+2 i?2 mb2/ bm#@+``B2`b 7Q` 2Mbm`BM; i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv Q7 HH i?2 mb2`bX h?Bb bB;MB BM; i?2 HQ+iBQM r`2M2bb +T#BHBiv BM i?2 72KiQ+2HH bvbi2K iQ BKT`Qp2 i?2 2z2+iBp2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v Q7 i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK b+?2K2X

h?MFb iQ i?2 HQ+iBQM r`2M2bb +T#BHBiv b /Bb+mbb2/ BM a2+iBQM jXRXR- i?2 72KiQ+2HHb `2 r`2 Q7 i?2 2tBbi2M+2 Q7 M Qmi/QQ` mb2`X h?2`27Q`2- QMHv i?2 72K@ iQ+2HHb +HQb2 iQ i?2 Qmi/QQ` mb2` b?QmH/ /2+`2b2 i?2 mb2/ bm#@+``B2`b iQ `2/m+2 i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2X AM i?Bb bBimiBQM- i?2 +?B2p2/ 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv Bb Csh<sub>1</sub>X PM i?2 +QM@ i``v- i?2 72KiQ+2HHb 7` rv 7`QK i?2 Qmi/QQ` mb2` +M biBHH mb2 KQ`2 bm#@+``B2`b rBi? ?B;?2` +T+Biv Csh₀X amTTQb2 i?i 7Q` i?2 +QMbB/2`2/ 72KiQ+2HH- i?2 T`Q##BHBiv i?i i?2`2 Bb M Qmi/QQ` mb2` `QmM/ Bi Bb pX h?2`27Q`2- rBi? i?2 HQ+iBQM r`2M2bb-i?2 p2`;2 bT2+i`mK 2{+B2M+v 7Q` r`2M2bb-i?2 b?`2/ b+?2K2 +M BM+`2b2 iQ

SELA = pC

sh₁+ (1 − p)Csh₀

B . UjXNV

h?2 2tBbiBM; T`Q##BHBiv p Q7 Qmi/QQ` mb2` `QmM/  72KiQ+2HH /2T2M/b QM i?2 TQT@ mHiBQM /2MbBiv- 72KiQ+2HH /2MbBiv- 72KiQ+2HH i`MbKBbbBQM TQr2` M/ bQ QMX h?Bb T`Q##BHBiv +M #2 2biBKi2/ 7`QK i?2 HQM;@i2`K biiBbiB+bX

kd

*>Sh1_ 9

.Bbi`B#mi2/ *?MM2H a2H2+iBQM 7Q`

62KiQ+2HH rBi? hrQ@iB2` AMi2`72`2M+2

9XR 62KiQ+2HH *T+Biv JtBKBxiBQM

*T+Biv M/ HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2 #Qi? 2bb2MiBH 7+iQ`b BM i?2 /Bbi`B#mi2/ +?M@ M2H b2H2+iBQM T`BM+BTH2 7Q` i?2 P6.J@#b2/ 72KiQ+2HH bvbi2KbX 6`QK  HBMF `2HB#BHBiv T2`bT2+iBp2- /2+`2bBM; i?2 MmK#2` Q7 bm#+?MM2Hb HHQ+i2/ iQ  72KiQ+2HH +M /2@ +`2b2 i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 7Q` i?2 mb2`b `QmM/ i?2 72KiQ+2HHbX >Qr2p2`- 7`QK i?2 HBMF +T+Biv biM/TQBMi- BM+`2bBM; i?2 MmK#2` Q7 bm#+?MM2Hb HHQ+i2/ iQ  72KiQ+2HH +M T`QpB/2 ?B;?2` /i `i2X

hQ BKT`Qp2 i?2 i`/2Qz #2ir22M +T+Biv M/ HBMF `2HB#BHBiv- r2 7Q`KmHi2 M QTiBKBxiBQM T`Q#H2K iQ /2i2`KBM2 i?2 QTiBKH MmK#2` Q7 bm#+?MM2Hb HHQ+i2/ iQ  72KiQ+2HH- BKBM; iQ KtBKBx2 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv bm#D2+i iQ i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi Q7 BM/QQ` M/ Qmi/QQ` mb2`bX

h?2 /2+BbBQM p`B#H2 BM i?2 QTiBKBxiBQM T`Q#H2K Bb i?2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ

ρX "b2/ QM i?2b2 +QMbB/2`iBQMb- r2 7Q`KmHi2 i?2 +T+Biv KtBKBxiBQM Bbbm2 b 

MQMHBM2` T`Q;`KKBM; T`Q#H2K BM i?2 7QHHQrBM;, Kt 0≤ρ≤1C = 1 1 + G J  j=1 εjBjσj U9XRV

bm#D2+i iQ, ρ = 1 J J  j=1 εj U9XkV

Prel≥ Relth U9XjV

r?2`2 εj ∈ {0, 1}- M/ Relth Bb i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi 7Q` HH i?2 mb2`bX

9Xk .Bbi`B#mi2/ *?MM2H a2H2+iBQM a+?2K2

q2 /2p2HQT irQ /Bbi`B#mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM T`BM+BTH2b 7Q` i?2 72KiQ+2HH bvb@ i2Kb (kj), i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ M/ BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2bX h?2 }`bi b+?2K2 BKb iQ i`MbKBi /i BM i?2 bm#+?MM2H rBi? ?B;?2` HBMF ;BMX "v +QMi``v- i?2 b2+QM/ QM2 i`MbKBib /i BM i?2 bm#+?MM2H rBi? HQr2` BMi2`72`2M+2X "Qi? b+?2K2b QT2`i2 BM  /Bbi`B#mi2/ KMM2`X 1+? 72KiQ+2HH +M b2@ H2+i i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb 7Q` i`MbKBbbBQM #v Bib2H7X h?2 F2v T`K2i2` Bb i?2 bm#+?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ b b?QrM BM UdXRVX q2 /2iBH i?2 /2p2HQT2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b b 7QHHQrb (k9)X

9XkXR Jt@JBM :BM@P`B2Mi2/ am#+?MM2H a2H2+iBQM a+?2K2

q2 2tTHBM i?2 T`Q+2/m`2b BM i?2 7QHHQrBM;X UaRV *QKT`2 i?2 HBMF ;BM Q7 BM/BpB/mH bm#@+``B2` BM  bm#+?MM2HX h?2 KBMBKmK bm#@+``B2` HBMF ;BM BM  bm#+?MM2H Bb hj = min m=1,2,...,M{h (i) j,m}, 7Q` j = 1, . . . , J U9X9V

r?2`2 M Bb i?2 iQiH MmK#2` Q7 bm#@+``B2`b BM  bm#+?MM2H- M/ J Bb i?2 i?2 iQiH MmK#2` Q7 bm#+?MM2HbX

UakV LmK#2` HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 KBMBKmK bm#@+``B2` HBMF ;BM- #v

i?2 Q`/2` h1 ≥ h2 ≥ ... ≥ hρJ ≥ ... ≥ hJX

UajV a2H2+i i?2 }`bi ρJ bm#+?MM2Hb rBi? ?B;?2` HBMF ;BM 7Q` i`MbKBbbBQMX h?i

Bb-i@i? bm#+?MM2H rBHH #2 b2H2+i2/- B7 hi ≥ hρJX

6Q` 2tKTH2- i?2`2 `2 9 bm#+?MM2Hb BM i?2 P6.J@#b2/ 72KiQ+2HH bvbi2K-M/ 2+? bm#+?MM2H ?b j bm#@+``B2`bX h?2 HBMF ;BMb 7Q` i?2 bm#@+``B2`b BM 2+? bm#+?MM2H `2 SCH1 4 {yXk- yX8- yX9}- SCH2 4 {@RX9- @yXj- @yXe}- SCH3 4

{@yXR-yXd- RXR} M/ SCH4 4 {@yX9- @yX3- yXj} U/"V- `2bT2+iBp2HvX ++Q`/BM; iQ UaRV- i?2

KBMBKmK HBMF ;BM hj 7Q` 7Qm` bm#+?MM2Hb `2 {yXk- @RX9- @yXR- @yX3} U/"VX bbmK2 i?i r2 M22/ iQ +?QQb2 irQ bm#+?MM2Hb 7Q` i`MbKBbbBQMX h?2M- ++Q`/BM; iQ UakV M/ UajV- r2 b2H2+i SCH1 M/ SCH3 bBM+2 i?2b2 bm#+?MM2Hb ?p2 ?B;?2` KBMBKmK

HBMF ;BMbX

9XkXk Jt@p; :BM@P`B2Mi2/ am#+?MM2H a2H2+iBQM a+?2K2

h?Bb b+?2K2 b2H2+ib i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 p2`;2 bm#@+``B2` HBMF ;BMX

UaRV *QKTmi2 i?2 p2`;2 bm#@+``B2` HBMF ;BM Q7 2+? bm#+?MM2HX

hj = 1 M M  m=1 h(i)j,m, 7Q` j = 1, . . . , J. U9X8V

UakV LmK#2` HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 p2`;2 bm#@+``B2` HBMF ;BM- #v

i?2 Q`/2` h1 ≥ h2 ≥ ... ≥ hρJ ≥ ... ≥ hJX

UajV 6QHHQr i?2 bi2T UajV BM a2+iBQM 9XkXRX

*QMbB/2` i?2 2tKTH2 BM a2+iBQM 9XkXRX h?2 p2`;2 HBMF ;BM hj 7Q` i?2 7Qm` bm#+?MM2Hb `2{yXjd- @yXd9- yX8N- @yXk3} U/"V- `2bT2+iBp2HvX 6QHHQrBM; UakV M/ UajV BM a2+iBQM 9XkXR- r2 rBHH b2H2+i SCH1 M/ SCH3- bBM+2 i?2b2 bm#+?MM2Hb ?p2 ?B;?2`

p2`;2 HBMF ;BMX

9XkXj JBM@Jt AMi2`72`2M+2 pQB/M+2 am#+?MM2H a2H2+iBQM

a+?2K2

h?2 T`Q+2/m`2b `2 /2b+`B#2/ BM i?2 7QHHQrBM;X q2 +QMbB/2` i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 7`QK K+`Q+2HH M/ Qi?2` 72KiQ+2HHbX

UaRV *QKT`2 i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 Q7 2+? bm#@+``B2` BM  bm#+?MM2HX h?2 KtBKmK

BMi2`72`2M+2 7Q` i?2 bm#@+``B2`b BM  bm#+?MM2H Bb Ij = max m=1,2,...,M{ Pj,mGBSHj,m L(D) + K  k=1,k=i p(k)j,mGF Sh(k)j,m L(dk) }. U9XeV

UakV LmK#2` HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 KtBKmK bm#@+``B2`

BMi2`72`2M+2-#v i?2 Q`/2` I1 ≤ I2 ≤ ... ≤ IρJ ≤ ... ≤ IJX

UajV a2H2+i i?2 }`bi ρJ bm#+?MM2Hb rBi? HQr2` BMi2`72`2M+2 7Q` i`MbKBbbBQMX h?i

Bb- i@i? bm#+?MM2H rBHH #2 b2H2+i2/- B7 Ii ≤ IρJX

bbmK2 i?i i?2 iQiH BMi2`72`2M+2 TQr2` 7Q` i?2 bm#@+``B2`b BM 2+? bm#+?M@ M2H `2 SCH1 4{@dy- @NR- @3j}- SCH2 4 {@3R- @dk- @Ryk}- SCH3 4{@3R- @RRj- @Ryk}

M/ SCH4 4 {@3N- @Ry3- @d8} U/"KV- `2bT2+iBp2HvX ++Q`/BM; iQ UaRV- i?2 KtBKmK

bm#@+``B2` BMi2`72`2M+2 Ij 7Q` 7Qm` bm#+?MM2Hb `2 {@dy- @dk- @3R- @d8} U/"KVX +@ +Q`/BM; iQ UakV M/ UajV- r2 rBHH b2H2+i SCH3 M/ SCH4 /m2 iQ HQr2` KtBKmK

BMi2`72`2M+2X

9XkX9 JBM@p; AMi2`72`2M+2 pQB/M+2 am#+?MM2H a2H2+iBQM

a+?2K2

h?Bb b+?2K2 b2H2+ib i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 p2`;2 BMi2`72`2M+2 7Q` i?2 bm#@+``B2`b Q7  bm#+?MM2HX

UaRV *QKTmi2 i?2 p2`;2 BMi2`72`2M+2 Q7  bm#+?MM2HX

Ij = 1 M M  m=1  Pj,mGBSHj,m L(D) + K  k=1,k=i p(k)j,mGF Sh(k)j,m L(dk)  . U9XdV jy

UakV LmK#2` HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 p2`;2 BMi2`72`2M+2- #v i?2 Q`/2`

I1 ≤ I2 ≤ ... ≤ IρJ ≤ ... ≤ IJX

UajV 6QHHQr i?2 bi2T UajV BM a2+iBQM 9XkXjX

*QMbB/2`BM; i?2 2tKTH2 BM a2+iBQM 9XkXj- i?2 p2`;2 BMi2`72`2M+2 Ij 7Q` 7Qm` bm#+?MM2Hb `2{@d9X8- @deXj- @38Xd- @dNXe} U/"KVX h?2M- 7QHHQrBM; UakV M/ UajV- r2 b2H2+i SCH3 M/ SCH4 /m2 iQ HQr2` p2`;2 BMi2`72`2M+2 TQr2`X

9Xj aBKmHiBQM _2bmHib

q2 BMp2biB;i2 i?2 /QrMHBMF +T+Biv M/ HBMF `2HB#BHBiv Q7 i?2 P6.J@#b2/ 72KiQ+2HHb #v bBKmHiBQMbX q2 +QMbB/2` i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM M/ i?2 2t@ +HmbBp2 bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2b 7Q` i?2 72KiQ+2HHb M/ K+`Q+2HHX AM i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2- r2 +QMbB/2`  7mHHv@HQ/2/ K+`Q+2HH bvbi2K r?2`2 i?2 K+`Q+2HH mb2b HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb iQ b2M/ /iX >2M+2- i?2 K+`Q+2HH Kmbi BMi2`72`2 rBi? i?2 72KiQ+2HH QM 2+? bm#+?MM2HX q2 bbmK2 i?2 72KiQ+2HH HvQmi b b?QrM BM 6B;X jXRX h?2`2 `2 k9 72KiQ+2HHb `QmM/ i?2 +QMbB/2`2/ 72KiQ+2HH- M/ i?2 ;`QmT Q7 k8 72KiQ+2HHb Bb mMB7Q`KHv /Bbi`B#mi2/ BM  K+`Q+2HH rBi? i?2 +Qp2`;2 Q7 8yy K2i2`bX h?2 b2T`iBQM /BbiM+2 #2ir22M 72KiQ+2HHb Bb dsf = 20 K- mMH2bb Qi?2`rBb2 bT2+B@ }2/X h?2 MQKBMH bvbi2K T`K2i2`b `2 HBbi2/ BM h#H2 9XRX h?2`2 `2 iQiH J = 40 bm#+?MM2HbX h?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi Bb Relth = 90WX h?2 aAL_ i?`2b?QH/ 7Q` HBMF `2HB#BHBiv Bb γth = −2.5 /" b M 2tKTH2X "b2/ QM i?2 #Qp2 bBKmHiBQM b2imT- r2 +QKT`2 i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ M/ BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ /Bbi`B#mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2bX

h#H2 9XR, S`K2i2`b BM i?2 P6.J@#b2/ A111 3ykXReK qBJs bvb@ i2KX S`K2i2` oHm2 *``B2` 7`2[m2M+v kX8 :>x K"af7"a ht TQr2` 9j-R9 /"K LQBb2 };m`2 UK"af7"afJaV 8/"fd/"f8/" K"a `/Bmb- DM 8yy K

a2T`iBQM /BbiM+2 #2ir22M 7"ab- dsf ky Kf9y K

Mi2MM ;BM UK"af7"afJaV 3/"fj/"fj/" avbi2K #M/rB/i? Ry J>x aKTHBM; 7`2[m2M+v RRXk J>x 66h bBx2 Ryk9 bm#@+``B2` #M/rB/i?- Bj RyXNjd8 F>x LmK#2` Q7 MmHHfTBHQif/i bm#@+``B2`b R39-Rky-dky LmK#2` Q7 bm#+?MM2Hb- J 9y bm#@+``B2`b Q7 2+? bm#+?MM2H- M R3

GBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi- Relth NyW

9XjXR GBMF _2HB#BHBiv M/ *T+Biv BM 1t+HmbBp2 aT2+i`mK

HHQ+iBQM

6B;m`2 9XR b?Qrb i?2 72KiQ+2HH HBMF `2HB#BHBiv ;BMbi i?2 +?MM2Hb mb;2 `iBQ

ρ 7Q` i?2 2t+HmbBp2 bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2b- r?2`2 dsf = 20 KX AM i?2 };m`2- i?2

72KiQ@iQ@72KiQ BMi2`72`2M+2 bB;MB}+MiHv z2+ib i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBivX b i?2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ BM+`2b2b- i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv T`Q##BHBiv /2+`2b2b /m2 iQ i?2 BM+`2bBM; BMi2`72`2M+2 7`QK Qi?2` 72KiQ+2HHbX *QKT`2/ iQ i?2 `M/QK b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2- i?2 /2p2HQT2/ /Bbi`B#mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b ?b #2ii2` HBMF `2HB#BHBivX h?2`2@ 7Q`2- ;Bp2M i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi- i?2 /2p2HQT2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b +M mb2 KQ`2 bm#+?MM2HbX AM i?Bb 2tKTH2- mM/2` i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi

Prel ≥ 90W- i?2 KtBKmK HHQr#H2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ Q7 i?2 `M/QK b2H2+iBQM

b+?2K2 Bb yX3X h?2 KtBKmK HHQr#H2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ Q7 i?2 /2p2HQT2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 +M BM+`2b2 iQ yXNX h?2 };m`2 HbQ b?Qrb i?i 7Q`  HQr2` ρ- i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ b+?2K2 +M +?QQb2 i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb rBi? HQr2` BMi2`@ 72`2M+2 iQ BKT`Qp2 i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBivX >Qr2p2`- rBi?  ?B;?2` ρ- i?2 72KiQ+2HH rBHH mb2 HKQbi HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb- M/ i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 7`QK M2B;?#Q`BM; +MMQi #2 pQB/2/X AM i?Bb bBimiBQM- i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b+?2K2 iQ b2H2+i i?2 bm#+?MM2H rBi? ?B;?2` ;BM +M +?B2p2 ?B;?2` HBMF `2HB#BHBivX

6B;m`2 9Xk b?Qrb i?2 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv ;BMbi i?2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ BM i?2 2t+HmbBp2 bT2+i`mK b+?2K2- r?2`2 dsf = 20 KX AM ;2M2`H- b i?2 72KiQ+2HH mb2b KQ`2 /i bm#+?MM2Hb rBi?  H`;2` ρ- i?2 72KiQ+2HH +M T`QpB/2 ?B;?2` +T+BivX LQi2rQ`i?BHv- i?2 +T+Biv 7Q` i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b+?2K2 Bb i?2 +QM+p2 7mM+iBQM Q7

ρX AM i?Bb 2tKTH2- i?2 QTiBKH 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv Bb RyXd J#Tb i ρ = 0.8X h?Bb

Bb #2+mb2 b ρ BM+`2b2b iQ  H`;2` pHm2- i?2 BM+`2bBM; 72KiQ@iQ@72KiQ BMi2`72`2M+2 /2;`/2b HBMF `2HB#BHBiv M/ i?2`2#v /BKBMBb?2b i?2 72KiQ+2HH +T+BivX AM i?Bb };m`2-i?2 T`QTQb2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b +M +?B2p2 ?B;?2` +T+Biv i?M };m`2-i?2 `M/QK

b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2X 6Q` 2tKTH2- B7 i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi Prel≥ 90W Bb ;Bp2M-i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 rBi? ρ = 0.8 +M +?B2p2 RdW ?B;?2` 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv i?M i?2 `M/QK b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 rBi? ρ = 0.8X h?Bb };m`2 HbQ b?Qrb i?i i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 ?b ?B;?2` 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv 7Q` i?2 +b2 rBi?  HQr2` ρX qBi?  HQr2` ρ- 2+? 72KiQ+2HH QMHv mb2b  72r2` bm#+?MM2Hb h?2 BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 +M +?QQb2 i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb rBi? HQr2` BMi2`72`2M+2X AM i?Bb +b2- i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv M/ i?2M i?2 72KiQ+2HH +T+Biv +M #2 BKT`Qp2/X

AM 6B;bX 9XR M/ 9Xk- Bi Bb b?QrM i?i i?2 Jt@JBM M/ Jt@p; K2i?Q/b 7Q` ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b+?2K2 ?p2 +QKT`#H2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv M/ 72KiQ+2HH +T+BivX AM i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ b+?2K2- i?2 T2`7Q`KM+2 Q7 JBM@Jt K2i?Q/ M/ i?i Q7 JBM@p; K2i?Q/ `2 HKQbi i?2 bK2X

9XjXk GBMF _2HB#BHBiv M/ *T+Biv BM a?`2/ aT2+i`mK H@

HQ+iBQM

6B;m`2 9Xj BHHmbi`i2b i?2 BM/QQ` mb2`Ƕb `2HB#BHBiv T`Q##BHBiv 7Q` p`BQmb +?M@ M2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ- r?2`2 dsf = 20 KX q2 +QMbB/2` i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2 M/ irQ@iB2` BMi2`72`2M+2X *QKT`2/ iQ 6B;X 9XR- i?Bb };m`2 b?Qrb i?i i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 7`QK K+`Q+2HH `2K`F#Hv /2;`/2b i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv Q7 BM/QQ` mb2`X 6Q` 2tKTH2- i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv T`Q##BHBiv 7Q` i?2 `M/QK +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 i ρ = 0.8 /2+`2b2b #v 3W b i?2 K+`Q+2HH M/ 72KiQ+2HHb b?`2 i?2 bK2 bT2+i`mKX Ai Bb b?QrM i?i i?2 T`QTQb2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b biBHH +M BKT`Qp2 i?2 HBMF `2@ HB#BHBivX h?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 ?b ?B;?2` HBMF `2HB#BHBivX AM i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK b+?2K2- Bi +M #2 Q#b2`p2/ 7`QK i?2 bBKmHiBQM `2bmHib i?i i?2 K+`Q@iQ@ 72KiQ BMi2`72`2M+2 /QKBMi2b i?2 irQ@iB2` BMi2`72`2M+2X aBM+2 i?2 K+`Q+2HH mb2b HH i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb iQ b2`p2 K+`Q+2HH mb2`b- i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 7`QK K+`Q+2HH +MMQi #2

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1

Channel Usage Ratio ρ

Femtocell Link Reliability

random selection scheme

channel gain oriented with MaxMin channel gain oriented with MaxAvg

interference avoidance oriented with MinMax interference avoidance oriented with MinAvg data6

6B;m`2 9XR, GBMF `2HB#BHBiv p2`bmb i?2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ rBi? i?2 2t+HmbBp2 bT2+@ i`mK b+?2K2X

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Channel Usage Ratio ρ

Femtocell Capacity (Mbps)

random selection scheme

channel gain oriented with MaxMin channel gain oriented with MaxAvg

interference avoidance oriented with minmax interference avoidance oriented with minavg

6B;m`2 9Xk, 62KiQ+2HH +T+Biv p2`bmb i?2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ rBi? i?2 2t+HmbBp2 bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2X

pQB/2/X AM i?Bb bBimiBQM- i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 iQ b2H2+i i?2 bm#+?MM2Hb rBi? ?B;?2` HBMF ;BM +M +?B2p2 #2ii2` HBMF `2HB#BHBivX h?2`27Q`2- mM/2`  HBMF `2@ HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi- i?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 +M mb2 KQ`2 bm#+?MM2Hb rBi? ?B;?2` 72KiQ+2HH +T+BivX 6Q` 2tKTH2- i?2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ 7Q` i?2 `M@ /QK b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 b?QmH/ #2 H2bb i?M yXj iQ K22i i?2 HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi

Prel ≥ 90WX h?2 ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 +M mb2 M2`Hv irB+2 bm#+?MM2Hb 7Q`

/i i`MbKBbbBQMX

6B;m`2 9X9 BHHmbi`i2b i?2 Qmi/QQ` mb2`Ƕb `2HB#BHBiv T`Q##BHBiv 7Q` i?2 p`BQmb MmK#2` Q7 /i bm#+?MM2Hb BM 72KiQ+2HHb- r?2`2 dsf = 20 KX *QKT`2 iQ i?2 6B; 9Xj- i?Bb };m`2 b?Qrb i?i BMi2`72`2M+2 7`QK 72KiQ+2HHb `2K`F#Hv /2;`/2b i?2 Qmi@ /QQ` HBMF `2HB#BHBivX q?2M 72Ki+Q2HHb BM+`2b2 +?MM2H mb;2 `iBQ ρ- i?2 BMi2`72`2M+2 2z2+i QM i?2 Qmi/QQ` mb2`Ƕb HBMF `2HB#BHBiv bB;MB}+MiHvX h?2`27Q`2- 72KiQ+2HH ?p2 iQ /2+`2b2 i?2 i`MbKBii2/ bm#+?MM2Hb #v  HQr pHm2 7Q` 2Mbm`BM; i?2 K+`Q+2HH mb2`Ƕb HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2Mi Prel ≥ 90WX AM i?Bb +b2- i?2 b?`2/ bT2+i`mK HHQ+iBQM b+?2K2 M/ irQ@iB2` BMi2`72`2M+2 `2 +QMbB/2`2/X q2 +QKT`2 /Bz2`2Mi /Bbi`B#mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b M/ /Bz2`2Mi bm#b+`BTiBQM ivT2bX AM i?Bb };m`2- i?2 Pa: 72KiQ+2HH +M HHQr KQ`2 bm#+?MM2Hb 7Q` i`MbKBbbBQM i?M *a: 72KiQ+2HH mM/2` i?2 +QM/BiBQM Q7 i?2 K+`Q+2HH mb2`Ƕb HBMF `2HB#BHBiv `2[mB`2K2MiX q?2M i?2 Qmi/QQ` mb2`b 7+2 iQ i?2 irQ@iB2` BMi2`72`2M+2- i?2 Pa: 72KiQ+2HH +M T`QpB/2  QTTQ`imMBiv iQ +QMM2+i rBi? bi`QM;2` HBMF MQ Kii2` i?2 72KiQ+2HH Q` K+`Q+2HHX >Qr2p2`- B7 Qmi/QQ` mb2` +?QQb2 i?2 72KiQ+2HH 7Q` +QKKmMB+iBQM- i?2 Qmi/QQ` mb2` ?p2 iQ 7+2 bi`QM;2` irQ@iB2` BMi2`72`2M+2 i?M BM/QQ` mb2` rBi?Qmi i?2 T`Qi2+i #v i?2 rHHX h?2 *a: 72K@ iQ+2HH +M T`QpB/2 KQ`2 bm#+?MM2H 7Q` i`MbKBbbBQM #v ;BM@Q`B2Mi2/ b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2 #2+mb2 i?i +QmH/ KF2b i?2 K+`Q+2HH mb2` i`MbKBi #v /Bz2`2Mi bm#+?MM2H 7`QK Qi?2` 72KiQ+2HHbX JQ`2Qp2`- B7 r2 +QMbB/2` i?2 7+iQ` Q7 /Bbi`B#mi2/ +?MM2H b2H2+iBQM b+?2K2b- r2 +M }M/ Qmi i?2 +?MM2H ;BM M/ BMi2`72`2M+2@pQB/M+2@Q`B2Mi2/ b2H2+@ iBQM b+?2K2 T`QpB/2 /Bz2`2Mi T2`7Q`KM+2 iQ Pa: M/ *a: 72KiQ+2HHbX h?2 Pa: