ઝݾऄᖂေᓵΔ6 ࠴ 2 ཚΔ 41ΰ2009α
ટᖠĈೃට௪̨ྲྀࠂՀĈࠛណᔈ
සኋਰӇԤਝܒրᘞތដ
˕˕оछݲȶތᘈ௶ଶȷ࣏к
ഋ୯ԋ
ᄢ! ौ ݺഏཕᐝತข္ᄅࠫٽاࠃΕ٩ࠃΕ۩ਙ္Կጟ္࿓ݧΔऄೃ ༉ᅝࠃԳ്ࢨݼཕᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂृΔኙ്ࠡࢨݼ ڶྤط۞ܒឰհ࣠Δ֧ದاࠃΕ٩ࠃΕ۩ਙ္ᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขڶயࢤ ܒឰࣴฆհംᠲΖ ཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤܒឰࣴฆञᤜࢨױ៶طឩՕञរயհயԺΔאᝩ܍ဪ ܒࣴฆΔભഏऄञរඈೈΰissue preclusionαઌᣂᓵଖףאەΖࠉཕᐝ ತขூٙᐉऄร33 යࡳΔࠀآ֮ࣔૻࠫᅝࠃԳ࣍ছூ္࿓ݧխΔ༉ٵ ԫᔭࢨᐒַط༼נۖآ༼נཕᐝತขᦞᔭΕᐒַհᄅᢞᖕΔլ ூ്Ζਢܡ౨ַ֘ञΔࡸڶৱᨠኘΖۖભഏऄᓮޣඈೈΰclaim pre-clusionαᓵΔ༉լٵ္ࠃٙխܒឰࣴฆፖ֘ञऱ࿇سΔױ࿇سԫࡳ հַ܂شΔٍױࠎଗᢴΖ * ඵችౢݤଣݤ۔ঋቩղߏǹ୯ҥҬ೯εᏢݤᏢᅺγǶբޣགᖴٿՏӜቩዺہ܌ ࡰ҅ᝊཀـǴҁЎς٩ቩዺཀـբቚံǴோόىϐೀǴЎೢϝҗբޣԾॄǶΞҁ Ў߯բޣঁΓࣴز߃ཀـǴόж߄ҺᙍᐒᜢݤࡓـှǶ ዺВǺ2009 ԃ 2 Д 18 Вǹ௦ҔВǺ2009 ԃ 5 Д 9 В ɡ 41 ɡء֮༉ཕᐝತขூٙᐉհጥᝤ֗ڶயࢤܒឰࣴฆࢬسञᤜઌᣂംᠲף אಘᓵࠀ༼נॣޡრߠΔא܂ၞԫޡ൶ಘ֗ኔ೭հەΖ
ᜢᗖӷǺඵችౢਢҹቩݤǵඵችౢԖਏ܄ǵݾᗺ௨ନȐݾᗺ ਏȑǵፎ௨ନ
Cite as: 6 TECH. L. REV., Oct. 2009, at 41.
Disputed Issues in Deciding the Validity of
Intellectual Property Right
A Focus on Issue Preclusion
Kuo-Cheng Chen
Abstract
The new Intellectual Property Case Adjudication Act consists of civil, criminal or administrative actions (three in one). While a party claims or defends that an intellectual property right shall be cancelled or revoked in civil or criminal actions, there are possibilities of contradictions and differences among decisions on the va-lidity of intellectual property right where the court decides on the merit of the case. Broadening effect of court holding on different litigation may offer solutions to eliminate conflicts on court determinations of validity. Issue preclusion doctrine in case law in America provides relative references to deal conflict of decisions on the validity of intellectual property right.
According to the Article 33 of Intellectual Property Case Adjudication Act, there are no limitations for a case to introduce the evidences those could be pre-sented in a prior action on the same grounds for the cancellation or revocation of a registered trademark or patent. It takes time to observe whether the goal could be reached to prevent procedural delay by submitting repeatedly cancellation or revo-cation action with the same evidences. However, claim preclusion doctrine in America also shows some references for dealing that problem.
This note tries to provide preliminary suggestions on disputing issue arose on jurisdiction, conflicts of decisions on the validity of intellectual property right and relative disputed issues of civil, criminal or administrative action for further study and reference to IP practitioners.
Keywords: Intellectual Property Case Adjudication Act, Validity of In-tellectual Property Right, Issue Preclusion, Claim Preclu-sion
1. !"
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See Michael A. Molano & Margaret G. Ziegler, Who Has the Final Word on Patent Validity, The PTO or the District Court? Collateral Estoppel and Patent Reexamination, 908 PLI/PAT
ᦞհኔ᧯ऄٌᙑᔞشΔ࣍ऄ৳᧯ߓױ౨հᇞެ৸ە༼נጥߠΔאࠎآࠐၞԫ ޡ൶ಘհەΖ
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ᆓᗒ᠌ᇄቷր᠌
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ட឴ᆓᗒᇄߨட឴ᆓᗒ
102.2.1
ඵችౢ҇٣٣ҹϩ
༉ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙհऄೃጥᝤհࢤᔆۖߢΔط࣍റ᥆ጥᝤڍএڂࠠڶ ֆ墿ࢤΔࢨڂࠃٙհࢤᔆࠌྥΔૉሔહറ᥆ጥᝤհࡳΔ᥆اࠃ္ऄร 8 ୖـඵችౢݤଣಔᙃݤಃ2 చǶ 9 ᏢޣणӀဂܭඟຏ 4 ЎύǴࡰܴඵችౢਢҹቩݤಃ 7 చϐೕۓࣁᜢܭȨᆅᗄ ȩϐೕۓǴ٠ߚᜢܭȨቩղȩϐೕۓǴӵԖၴङǴѝวғᆅᗄᒱᇤୢᚒǴόғ ҇٣ນݤಃ249 చಃ 1 ಃ 1 ීϷಃ 469 చಃ 2 ීࢤೕۓȨݤଣܭज़ϐԖคᒣ ձόȩϐୢᚒǶୖـणӀဂǴඟຏ4Ƕ 10 ߋᖄৰ௲Ь᠘ܭ٣ҹϐጄൎၸቶǵࣚज़όܴǴҥݤޣܭଆϷҥݤቩਔջ߄ ܴߚೕۓࣁឦᆅᗄǴ٠ᇡࣁද೯ݤଣҭԖڙଆນϐȐᆅᗄǵቩղȑǴԶЪё ٣Γٿӝཀ౽җඵችౢݤଣᆅᗄǶԜҥݤཀԑ߄ܴǵዴᇡࡕǴ၀చೕۓ ۈྣਢ೯ၸǶྗԜҥݤཀԑǴᔈှࣁځឦᅿҺཀᆅᗄǴЪ٣Γ൩ද೯ݤଣ܈ඵች ౢݤଣᆅᗄǴ܍ᇡԖำׇᒧǶୖـߋᖄৰǴȨඵችౢ҇٣ນำׇϐϞ ࡕȩǴݤᏢᘀтǴಃ53 ڔಃ 3 යǴ। 210-214Ȑ2008ȑǶ469 යร 3 ཱིհܒެᅝྥሔહऄחΖۖاࠃࠃٙਢܡ᥆࣍ཕᐝತขࠃٙΔࠡ ቤ։լ࣐ΖڂڼΔཕᐝತขऄೃิ៣ऄ֗ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄઔᚵհრএ ലཕᐝತขऄೃاࠃࠃٙऄೃհጥᝤࡳΔࡳۯॺറ᥆ጥᝤ11Ζཕᐝತข ூٙᐉऄร 2 යհࠫૡᎅٍࣔಖሉᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙհऄೃጥᝤΔิ ៣ऄආ࠷ᚌ٣ጥᝤঞΔཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙॺറ᥆ཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤΖط࣍ ཕᐝತขऄೃ༉ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙڶᚌ٣ጥᝤᦞΔঞᅝࠃԳڕٻཏຏऄೃ༼ ದཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙհ္Δཏຏऄೃᚨࠉاࠃ္ऄร28 යࡳΔאऄೃ ༉ᇠࠃٙྤጥᝤᦞΔဪࡳฝಬཕᐝತขऄೃᐉ12Ζ൫ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙਝ ॺറ᥆ཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤΔঞᅝࠃԳ༉طԫࡳऄ৳ᣂএۖسհཕᐝತขاࠃ ࠃٙΔսٽრطཏຏऄೃጥᝤ13ΖԾᅝࠃԳ༉ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙڕٻྤጥ ᝤᦞհཏຏऄೃದ္Δཏຏऄೃૉآࠉاࠃ္ऄร28 යࡳဪࡳฝಬ࣍ࠡ ጥᝤऄೃΔܫٍլݼऄೃྤጥᝤᦞΔۖءூհߢဲᓵृΔঞཏຏ ऄೃലױڂܫհᚨ္ۖ࠷ጥᝤᦞ14Ζ ط࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙࡳۯཕᐝತขऄೃᚌ٣ጥᝤΔۖॺཕᐝತขऄ ೃറ᥆ጥᝤΖঞᅝࠃԳᎄലཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙٻཏຏऄೃದ္Δཏຏऄೃຕ ኔ᧯ဪܒृΔࠀآሔહറ᥆ጥᝤհࡳΔڼຝ։ॺ᥆ܒެሔહऄחΔՂ్ ऄೃ۞լאጥᝤᙑᎄطۖᐒඵဪܒ15ΖլመΔཕᐝತข္࿓ݧࢬ ࡳհݾᐉࡴ္࿓ݧհ࠰ܗΕఽയঅࡎחհ֧ၞΔא֗ऄೃኙ࣍ཕᐝ 11 ୖـљݤଣጓǴඵችౢນཥڋୢᚒᆶှเ༼ጓǴ। 6Ȑ2008ȑǴಃ 5 ߾ှเ ȐȑǶ 12 ᓬӃᆅᗄҔᇟܰܭ٬ΓᇤှߚᓬӃᆅᗄݤଣ٠ߚคᆅᗄǴѝࢂҗᓬӃᆅᗄݤଣ ȨᓬӃᆅᗄȩǴோԜ߯ҥݤᇥܴਔϐҔᇟǶ٣ჴǴߚᓬӃᆅᗄݤଣᔈ߯คᆅᗄǴ ᔈаคᆅᗄஒਢҹຊۓ౽ଌܭᓬӃᆅᗄݤଣǶ 13 ୖـ҇٣ນݤಃ 24 చǶԿܭӝཀҗද೯ݤଣᆅᗄϐඵችౢಃቩ҇٣٣ҹǴځ ນቩزᔈນԿද೯ݤଣભቩ܈ඵችౢݤଣǴόคᅪୢǹќୖـљݤଣጓǴ ඟຏ11Ǵ। 14ǴԜਜύಃ 16 ߾ୢᚒှเ߾ࡰрԜಃΒቩݤଣᔈҗද೯ݤଣભ ቩᆅᗄǴа಄ٿ٣ΓϐཀǶ 14 ୖـ҇٣ນݤಃ25 చǶ 15 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ9 చǶ
ತขᦞڶயࢤհ۞ᎁࡳᐉ࿓ݧհܑࡳΔፖԫاࠃ္࿓ݧࠀլ ઌٵΔۿᚨ᥆լٵጟᣊհ္࿓ݧ16ΖঞڇՂ૪ጥᝤᙑᎄհൣݮΔ᜕ྥՂ్ ᐉऄೃլ౨אՀ్ᐉऄೃྤጥᝤᦞۖᐒඵဪܒΔ܀ࠡኙ࣍Հ్ᐉ༉ॺཕᐝ ತขࠃٙᎄشཕᐝತข္հܑࡳࢬၞ۩հ္࿓ݧΔঞဪܒሔહऄ חΔՂ్ᐉऄೃսאڼᖕאᐒඵဪܒ17Ε18 ΖڂڼΔཕᐝತขࠃٙऄೃጥ ᝤឈࡳࢤॺറ᥆ጥᝤΔࠡጥᝤᒤհ᠖堚ࡳս᥆ؘΖ
2.2.2
ඵችౢՉࡹ٣ҹϩ
ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 31 යࢬࡳ۩ਙ္հጥᝤऄೃ۩ਙ္ऄร 13 යΕร 14 යհܑࡳΔᚨᚌ٣ᔞشΖཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 31 යࡳ ᚌ٣ᔞش࣠ਢܡඈೈ۩ਙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತข۩ਙ္ࠃٙհጥᝤᦞΔլ ྤጊᆠΖࠉཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร31 යمऄطಖሉΚψԫΕΞΞءයਝ ࡳᚨطཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤΔঞܫ۞լ്ࠉ۩ਙ္ऄร18 යᄷشاࠃ ္ऄร22 යࡳΔٚٻࠡהڶጥᝤᦞհ۩ਙऄೃದ္ΖΞΞԿΕร 2 ႈࣔ ࡳࠡה۩ਙ္ࠃٙፖཕᐝತขհֆऄՂञᤜհ۩ਙ္ࠃٙΔٽࠓٻཕ ᐝತขऄೃದ္ࢨ္հಳףΖঞܫឈս༉ࠡה۩ਙ္Δٻ۩ ਙऄೃದ္Δ൫ڕࠡٽࠓٻཕᐝತขऄೃא؆հࠡה۩ਙऄೃದ္Δঞᚨ 16 ߋᖄৰ௲୷ܭඟຏ 10 ܌ፕϷϐҥݤཀԑǴЬϞࡕϐှញᔈڗӛܭݤϯ ϐၮҔȐஒඵችౢݤଣಔᙃݤಃ6 చ܌ۓᐱҺ܈ӝۓ܄ࣁݤϐᅿǴᆶ ද೯ݤଣϐ҇٣ݤ٠ӈȑǴ٠ەஒȨቩݤȩ܌ۓඵችౢ҇٣ນำׇۓ܄ࣁ҇ ٣ݤ܌ۓ೯தນำׇϐձำׇȐᜪӵ҇٣ນݤ܌ۓᙁܰນำׇ܈λᚐນ ำׇȑǶୖـߋᖄৰǴඟຏ10Ƕ 17 ୖـ҇٣ນݤಃ451 చಃ 1 ǵඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ 10 చǶ 18 ᏢޣणӀဂᇡࣁǺ1.ܭඵ٣ҹҁܭӝཀᆅᗄԶᛠឦܭ҇٣ݤଣǴځቩำׇԾ ϝᔈҔቩݤǴՠݤଣഖόϒҔǹ2.ߚඵ٣ҹᇤӛඵݤଣଆນǴԶඵݤଣ ᇤаࣁ߯ඵ٣ҹԶҔቩݤǴԜੋҔำׇݤᒱᇤϐນำׇྵ౪ϐୢᚒǴ՟ ᔈ൩ڀᡏԵໆ٣ΓϐำׇߥምࢂցڙቹៜԶԖόىǴྵ౪ࢂցቹៜຊղϐ่݀ ӢનȐୖـ҇٣ນݤಃ451 చಃ 1 ǵಃ 451 చϐ 1 ಃ 1 ǵಃ 477 చϐ 1ȑǴ ،ۓࢂցᄬԋቲకচղ،ϐҗǶୖـणӀဂǴඟຏ4ǶऄࢬլΖω᧩ྥཕᐝತขऄೃא؆۩ਙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತข۩ਙ္ࠃٙհጥ ᝤᦞᄐբڂᇠܑࡳۖᔡඈೈΔګྤጥᝤᦞऄೃΖ ڂڼΔཕᐝತขऄೃא؆۩ਙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತข۩ਙ္ࠃٙਝྤጥᝤ ᦞΔࠡ༉ᇠࠃٙࠉ۩ਙ္ऄร 18 යᄷشاࠃ္ऄร 28 යࡳΔᚨࠉ ܫᜢᓮࢨࠉᦞאဪࡳฝಬ࣍ཕᐝತขऄೃΖ൫ྤጥᝤᦞհཕᐝತขऄೃ א؆۩ਙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತข۩ਙ္ࠃٙڕ࣠آဪࡳฝ᠏ጥᝤۖຕኔ᧯ܒެ ृΔೈᇠࠃٙএ᥆റ᥆ጥᝤ؆Δঞ࣍ࠡܒެࠀآሔહറ᥆ጥᝤհൣݮՀΔᇠ ܒެॺᅝྥሔહऄחΰ۩ਙ္ऄร243 යร 2 ႈร 3 ཱིᅃαΖཕᐝತข ۩ਙ္ࠃٙڕࡳࢤॺറ᥆ཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤΔঞࠡה۩ਙऄೃ༉ኔᔆՂ ᚨ᥆ཕᐝತข۩ਙ္ࠃٙۖኔ᧯ဪܒृΔՂ్ᐉऄೃۿլאጥᝤᙑᎄ طᐒඵဪܒΖ
2.3
සኋӗٱວ೪ᆓᗒ୰ᚠ
٩ࠃூٙऄೃࢬᎁጥᝤհڶྤএլᅝृΔዌګܒެᅝྥሔહऄחհࠃ ط19Ζط࣍ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 23 යאحᆞය֮֗ऄ৳٨ᜰֱڤᒤཕᐝ ತขऄೃࢬጥᝤհรԲᐉ٩ࠃ္ΔᒤઌᅝࣔᒔΔᔞشጊᆠհขسᚨለױ ᝩ܍ΖլመΔլࣚፖཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร23 යூٙઌᣂհรԫᐉဪࡳݼܫ հூٙΔࠏڕΔحထ܂ᦞூٙۖᆖรԿԳࠠঅհܫಲೳΔรԫᐉऄೃኙࠠ অԳࠉ٩ࠃ္ऄร 118 යร 2 ႈဪࡳ㦠Եঅᢞ८ΖࠠঅԳڕኙᇠԵঅᢞ ८հဪࡳլࣚۖݼܫΔߒຶਢܡսطཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤΛطཕᐝತขூٙʳ ᐉऄร 23 ය֗ཕᐝತขऄೃิ៣ऄร 3 යร 2 ཱིࡳ֮ᆠᨠհΔլྤጊʳ ᆠ20Ζ༉ᣊڼآڶءூᢀ᥆࣍ཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤհဪࡳூٙڕףא֮ࣔᒤ ࠡጥᝤऄೃΔۿለࣔᒔΖ Ծཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 25 යࡳཕᐝತขऄೃࢬጥᝤհཕᐝತข٩ 19 ୖـӉ٣ນݤಃ379 చಃ 4 ීǶ 20 ୖـඵችౢݤଣ 97 ԃࡋӉඵלӷಃ 3 ဦຊۓǴљݤଣݤᏢၗᔠسǺ http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/Index.htmȐаΠ܌ЇҔϐղ،ٰྍҭ֡࣬ӕȑǶࠃூٙΔࠡխᇠයร 2 ႈࡳઌຑூٙጥᝤຝ։Δ௫ፖཏຏऄೃ٩ࠃஅ ጥᝤᤁٽऱቤ։ΖࠉᇠයႈࡳΔ٩ࠃூٙڕፖཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร23 ය ூٙڶ٩ࠃ္ऄร 7 යร 1 ཱིࢬࡳઌຑᣂএΔᆖچֱऄೃٽࠓဪࡳΔࠡ ٽࠓՂ္ࢨݼܫृΔᚨٻጥᝤհཕᐝತขऄೃ༼ದՂ္ࢨݼܫΖ܀ࠡה٩ࠃ ூٙএለૹհᆞΔூൣᒔএᠧृΔཕᐝತขऄೃဪࡳٽࠓฝಬᇠጥ ऄೃᐉܒΖ٩ࠃ္ऄร 7 යร 1 ཱིࢬࡳઌຑᣂএհൣݮএԫԳحᑇ ᆞΔ༉ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร23 යࢬࡳூٙࢬࡳհऄࡳ٩։࣫ΔڍᑇຟڇԿ ڣאՀڶཚஈ٩հᆞΔ່ૹհ٩৫քִאՂնڣאՀڶཚஈ٩հᆞ21Ζঞ ڇԫԳحᑇᆞհൣݮΔࠡה٩ࠃூٙڍ᥆ለૹհᆞױאუߠΖڼᣊઌຑூ ٙਝ᥆ԫԳحᑇᆞΔڇࠠڶཕᐝತข֗ࠡהለૹ٩ࠃூٙᑇᆞࠓژհൣݮ ՀΔᠧࢤױ౨ለΔঞڼᣊઌຑூٙܛױطཕᐝತขऄೃဪࡳฝಬᇠጥ ऄೃΖڇԫԳحᑇᆞΔۖڶࠡה٥حൣݮΔૉᇠ٥حսڇཏຏऄೃᐉ Δঞཏຏऄೃፖཕᐝತขऄೃ༉٥ح։ၲᐉ࣠Δല࿇سဪܒࣴฆױ ౨Δࢨூ࠴ᢞढႊ۩፹܂ࢨ༼ٌംᠲΖ֠ࠡڕڶԳحڇࢽհൣउΔԳح࣍ ฝᐉழ٣ط٤ഏٺچֱऄೃᇞಬ۟ཕᐝತขऄೃࢬڇچΔႳ৵ࠉཕᐝತขூ ٙᐉऄร 25 යร 2 ႈဪࡳฝಬழΔԾ࿇سႊᇞಬԳح۟ٺچऄೃം ᠲΔ࣍Գحڜ٤֗ᅝࠃԳڇຜ໎၄݁ڶլঁΖ ᣂ࣍റܓऄբྤ٩ፆࡳΔۖཕᐝತข٩ࠃூٙএሔ֘ထ܂ᦞ֗ ᑑऄூٙΖڂထ܂ᦞආ໌܂অᥨᆠΔএঅᥨ֮ᖂΕᢌΕઝᖂࢨࠡהᖂ ᒤփհ໌܂22Ζထ܂ᦞऄࠫ壆ڕભഏ᜕սঅఎ࿆ಖࠫ৫Δ܀ࠀॺ܂ေឰ 21 բݤಃ91 చಃ 3 ೕۓǺȨаख़ᇙܭӀᅷϐБݤҍӕచಃ 1 ᏰԾаख़ᇙϐБ ݤߟ্дΓϐբޣǴೀϤДаϖԃаΠԖය২ӉϐǴளٳࣽཥѠჾ 50 ϡ а5 ԭϡаΠᆦߎǶȩ 22 ᛥܴ೯ǴբݤፕȐ҇ȑǴ।6-7Ȑ2005ȑǹୖـբݤಃ 3 చಃ 1 ಃ 1 ීǶ ך୯բݤ߯ܭ 1985 ԃঅ҅ਔׯ௦ബբߥៈচ߾ǴೕۓբΓܭբֹԋਔջ٦ ԖբȐୖـಃ 4 చȑǴՠϝߥ੮ԾᜫຏнೕۓǴّԿ 1992 ԃঅ҅ਔቲЗբ ฦڋࡋǶ
ᦞܓڶயࢤհشΔႛএ܂ࠡഏփ໌܂ထ܂ದ္հٙ23ΖࠃኔՂΔထ܂ᦞ ऄ٩ፆՕڍ௫֗ထ܂ᦞփ୲հૹ፹ΕཋؒΔᑑऄ٩ຂ௫ࠌشઌٵࢨ २ۿᑑհܒឰ24Ζထ܂ᦞऄፖᑑऄ٩ࠃூٙႊ܂ݾ։࣫ܒឰृլڍΔ ࠡᐉֱڤ֗ᢞᖕऄঞፖԫ٩ூઌૉΖڂڼΔآࠐኔ೭Ղሎ܂࣠Δڼᣊ ூٙڕڍലฝطཏຏऄೃጥᝤΔঞڼᣊઌຑூٙհጥᝤਢܡսڶؘࡳ طཕᐝತขऄೃ٣ᤜΔܛլྤ٦۩ᄄ಼൶ಘհ塒چΖ
3. !"#$%&'()&*+,-./01
23
3.1
සኋҕٱȃࢇٱӇຘրݢϞџ
ࠉཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 16 යࡳΔᅝࠃԳ്ࢨݼཕᐝತขᦞڶ ᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂृΔऄೃᚨ༉്ࠡࢨݼڶྤط۞ܒឰΔլᔞش اࠃ္ऄΕ۩ਙ္ऄΕᑑऄΕറܓऄΕཬढጟ֗ጟ્ऄࢨࠡהऄ৳ ڶᣂೖ္ַ࿓ݧհࡳΖڂڼΔཕᐝತขاࠃ္ΔᅝࠃԳ്ࢨݼ ཕᐝತขᦞᚨᔭࢨᐒַΔۖڶᐙاࠃ္ဪܒழΔऄೃᚨࠉᅝࠃԳհᜰ ᢞ֗ᦞᓳࢬᇷற۞ܒឰΔࠀլৱཕᐝತขᦞ۩ਙञհ࣠אʳ ឰ25Ζ ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙཕᐝತขऄೃ༉ཕᐝತขᦞڶྤᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂ ۞ܒឰհ࣠Δ۞ڶፖᇠཕᐝತขڶயࢤհ۩ਙ္ܒឰขسࣴฆհױ ౨ΖࠡဪܒࣴฆհൣݮڶԲΔԫܛاࠃࠃٙ۞ܒឰհ࣠ᎁཕᐝತขᦞ ᦞܓڶயΔ܀ࠉࠡ৵հ۩ਙ္Δ༉ཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶயࢤܒެ࣠Δᎁᇠ 23See ROBERT P. MERGES ET AL., INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL AGE
372, 393 (4th ed. 2006). 24 ୖـඵችౢݤଣ97 ԃࡋӉඵܰӷಃ 1ǵ2ǵ22ǵ29ǵ39ǵ41ǵ65ǵ67 ဦղ،ǹඵ ችౢݤଣ97 ԃࡋӉඵນӷಃ 3ǵ17ǵ28ǵ33ǵ35 ဦղ،Ƕ 25 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ31 చಃ 1 ࢤǶ
ཕᐝತขᦞܓྤயհൣݮΙࠡڻΔএاࠃࠃٙ۞ܒឰհ࣠Δᎁཕᐝತ ขᦞᦞܓྤயΔ܀ࠉࠡ৵հ۩ਙ္༉ཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶயࢤܒެ࣠ঞᎁ ᦞܓڶயհൣݮΔ։૪ڕՀΖ
3.2
සኋҕٱȃࢇٱӇຘրݢϞ౩ПԒ
ᣂ࣍รԫጟཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤ۞ܒឰհ ࣠ΔڕᎁཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶயΔ܀ࠉࠡ৵հཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶயࢤ۩ਙ္ ܒެΔঞᎁᦞܓྤயհൣݮۖߢΖط࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙհܒެএᎁཕᐝ ತขᦞᦞܓࠀॺྤயΔঞᇠܒެսএאᛧറܓᦞհ۩ਙ։܂اࠃܒެ հഗ៕Δڕࠡ৵ூհ۩ਙ္ܒެ࣠ᎁᇠཕᐝತขᦞܓྤயृΔۿፖ اࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 11 ཱིհൣݮઌᅝΔ༉ᇠᎁࡳཕᐝತขᦞڶயհ اࠃܒެ۞༼ದ٦ᐉհ္26Ε27Ζ ܀ൕԫֱ૿ߢհΔཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 16 යਝࡳᅝࠃԳ്ࢨ ݼཕᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂृΔऄೃᚨ༉്ࠡࢨݼڶྤط ۞ܒឰΖঞऄೃ࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙܒឰཕᐝತขᦞࠀྤᚨᔭࢨᐒַհ ڂۖս᥆ڶயழΔࠡᄐբ༉ᇠཕᐝತขᦞհڶயࢤࠉཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄ 26 Ԗᇡ҇٣ນݤಃ496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ී߯ೕۓǴࣁղ،୷ᘵϐ҇٣ǵӉ٣ǵՉࡹນ ղ،Ϸځдຊղ܈ՉࡹೀϩǴ٩ځࡕϐዴۓຊղ܈Չࡹೀϩςᡂ׳ޣǴளаӆቩϐ ນჹܭዴۓಖֽղ،ᖂܴόܺǶᏢᇥԖᇡ܌ᒏࣁղ،ϐ୷ᘵϓޣǴමа၀ຊղ܈ ՉࡹೀϩǴࣁԾҗЈղᘐ٣ჴϐၗςىǴߚѸځղ،ڙ၀ຊղ܈Չࡹೀϩϐᡟ ״ǶୖـЦҘΌǵླྀࡌǵᎄࡌωǴ҇٣ນݤཥፕǴ। 707Ȑ2006ȑǶӵ٩ԜᇥǴ ҇٣ນ٣ҹ൩ඵችౢԖਏ܄Ծࣁղᘐϐ่݀ǴӵᇡඵችౢճԖਏǴԶځ ղ،୷ᘵමаඵችౢԖਏϐՉࡹೀϩբࣁղᘐ٣ჴϐၗǴՠ٩ځࡕϐඵችౢ ճԖਏ܄ዴۓՉࡹນղ،่݀߾ᇡࣁճคਏϐǴ՟ё൩҇٣ນ٣ҹᏵ ࣁගଆӆቩϐນϐ٣җǶ 27 ᏢޣणӀဂᇡࣁӧඵߟϐ҇٣ນǴݤଣᇡඵԖਏȐջคᄖᎍϐচӢȑǴ٠ Ᏽаղ،ඵΓയນዴۓǴՠ༓ࡕ၀ඵՉࡹݾำׇᄖᎍዴۓਔǴҗܭࣁচ ዴۓ҇٣ղ،୷ᘵϐඵችౢǴځਡቩۓϐՉࡹೀϩǴӢᄖᎍԶᡂ׳Ǵᔈᇡள٩ ҇٣ນݤಃ 496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ීೕۓǴගଆӆቩϐນаࣁ௱ᔮǶୖـणӀဂǴ ඟຏ4Ƕร16 යࡳ۞ܒឰΔۖॺ٤ྥאᛧറܓᦞհ۩ਙ։܂ܒެഗ៕Δፖ اࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 11 ཱིࢬਐא۩ਙ։܂ܒެഗ៕հൣݮբ᥆ ڶၴΖ٦༉ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร16 යمऄრڱᨠհΔࠡբޣཕᐝತขا ࠃࠃٙऄೃ༉ᅝࠃԳࢬ്ࢨݼཕᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭࢨᐒַհڂᚨ۞ ܒឰࠡڶྤطΔঞ༉ᇠاࠃࠃٙڶᣂཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤհܒឰΔۿᚨ༇ૹ اࠃࠃٙऄೃଡூܒឰհயԺΖڕ࣠༉ᇠཕᐝತขᦞႳ৵אᆖ۩ਙ္ܒެ ᔭᇠཕᐝತขᦞطΔۖኙᄐբᒔࡳհاࠃܒެᖕא༼ದ٦ᐉհ္Δ ྤጊਢܡࡳاࠃᒔࡳܒެࠉཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร16 යࢬࡳ۞ܒឰհ யԺΔፖᇠයհمऄრڱۿڶլฤΖ ڂڼΔڇཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙऄೃ۞ܒឰհ࣠Δᎁཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶ யΔ܀༉ٵԫഗ៕ࠃኔࠉࠡ৵հཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶயࢤ۩ਙञᒔࡳܒެ ࣠ΔঞᎁᦞܓྤயհൣݮΔආ࠷ᎁڼፖاࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 11 ཱི ࡳհൣݮࡸլઌᅝΔ༉ᇠᎁࡳཕᐝತขᦞڶயհاࠃܒެսլ༼ದ٦ᐉ հ္հߠᇞΔۿٍױףאەၦ28Ζ ڻ༉รԲጟཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತขڶயࢤ۞ܒឰհ࣠Δ ڕᎁཕᐝತขᦞᚨղᔭΔ܀Ⴓ৵ڶᣂᇠཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤ۩ਙ္ܒެ ࣠ΔঞᎁᇠཕᐝತขᦞհᦞܓսڶயհൣݮߢհΖط࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙ հܒެᎁཕᐝತขᦞܓڶྤயհൣݮΔٵܡࡳᇠཕᐝತขᦞհڶயࢤΔ ᇠاࠃࠃٙհܒެ༉ཕᐝತขᦞܓڶயࢤএഗ࣍اࠃऄೃ۞ܒឰհ࣠Δ ᇠاࠃܒެࠀॺഗ࣍ղཕᐝತขᦞհ۩ਙ։܂ဪܒഗ៕ΖڂڼΔཕᐝ 28 Ꮲᇥ൩҇٣ນݤಃ496 చℒ 1 ಃ 11 ී܌ۓǴࣁղ،୷ᘵϐ҇٣ǵӉ٣ǵՉࡹ ນղ،Ϸځдຊղ܈ՉࡹೀϩǴ٩ځࡕϐዴۓຊղ܈Չࡹೀϩςᡂ׳ޣǴԖᇡऩዴ ۓղ،߯௦Ҕ၀ᡂ׳ղ،܈ՉࡹೀϩϐၗǴԾՉᇡۓ٣ჴޣǴٯӵཞ্፝ᓭϐນ ϐዴۓಖֽղ،Ǵ߯ཤଜӉ٣ਢҹڔϣၗǴᇡۓԖߟՉࣁϐ٣ჴޣǴᕵӉ٣ ਢҹ༓ղ،คዴۓǴҭคҁීҔǶୖـഋीتǴ҇٣ນݤȐΠȑǴ। 391Ȑ2006ȑǶୖྣԜᇥǴඵችౢ҇٣٣ҹݤଣ൩ඵችౢճԖਏ܄Ծࣁղ ᘐǴՠ٩ځࡕϐඵችౢճԖਏ܄Չࡹݾዴۓղ،่݀ᇡճคਏϐǴ՟ ᔈᇡᆶ҇٣ນݤಃ496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ීೕۓϐۘό࣬Ƕ
ತขاࠃࠃٙ࣍ܒެխܡࡳཕᐝತขᦞհڶயࢤΔፖࠡ৵հ۩ਙ္ܒެ ࣠ᎁᇠཕᐝತขᦞսᚨڶயΔԲጟ္ܒެኙཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓਢܡڶயࢬ ।قհլٵߠᇞΔএاࠃ္ፖ۩ਙञᎁࡳࣴฆΔߠᇞլٵհംᠲΔፖا ࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 11 ཱིࢬࡳΔܒެഗ៕հ۩ਙ։Δࠉࠡ৵հ ᒔࡳဪܒࢨ۩ਙ։բ᧢ޓृհ٦ᐉطࡸլᇠᅝΔൕۖۿᚨլ౨אڼࠃط ܂اࠃ္٦ᐉհط29Ε30Ζ
4. !"#$4*+,-./5.6789:
ࠉছࢬ૪Δཕᐝತขاࠃࠃٙऄೃ༉ཕᐝತขڶயࢤ۞ܒឰհ࣠ᎁ ཕᐝತขᦞڶயΔ܀ࠡ৵ூհ۩ਙࠃٙ༉ཕᐝತขᦞᦞܓڶயࢤܒެᎁ ᦞܓྤயհൣݮΔਢܡսױࠉاࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 11 ཱིհࡳΔ ༉ᇠᎁࡳཕᐝತขᦞڶயհاࠃܒެ༼ದ٦ᐉհ္ΔࡸڶጊᆠΖঞ༉ཕᐝತ ขاࠃࠃٙፖ۩ਙࠃٙܒឰհࣴฆࡸآ౨ᒔ֊ױᆖطاࠃ္հ٦ᐉ࿓ݧΔ אᛧࠃ৵อԫߠᇞΖ༉اࠃࠃٙ۞ܒឰհ࣠ᎁཕᐝತขᦞྤயΔ ܀ࠡ৵ࠉூհ۩ਙ္ܒެ࣠ᎁࡳᇠཕᐝತขᦞս᥆ڶயհൣݮΔٍྤ ऄࠉاࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 11 ཱིհࡳΔ༉ᇠاࠃܒެ༼ದ٦ᐉΔא ᛧࣴฆܒឰհࠃ৵อԫΖڂڼΔᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃΕ۩ਙࠃٙဪܒࣴฆം ᠲհַਢܡڶؘࠡΛڕڶؘΔֱַࠡڤ۶Δଖ൶ߒΖ4.1
සኋວ೪ཱིڙϞೣጒ
ཕᐝತขհ۩ਙ္Δڂႊᆖ։ᖲᣂհ։္֗ᣋެࡳᖲᣂհެ 29 љݤଣጓǴඟຏ 11Ǵ। 33-34ǶԜਜύಃ 36 ߾ୢᚒှเࡰрǴВҁჴ୍൩Ԝୢᚒ ҭ௦όૈᇡԖ҇٣ນݤಃ496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ීϐӆቩচӢϐـှǶோჹඵችౢ ҇٣٣ҹݤଣԾࣁղᘐϐ่݀ӵᇡඵችౢճԖਏǴՠ٩ځࡕϐඵችౢճ Ԗਏ܄Չࡹݾዴۓղ،่݀ᇡճคਏϐǴ߾ᇡள٩҇٣ນݤಃ496 చಃ 1 ಃ11 ීೕۓǴ൩၀ᇡۓඵችౢԖਏϐ҇٣ղ،ගଆӆቩϐນǶ 30 ᏢޣणӀဂᇡࣁԜᔈᇡό಄ӝ҇٣ນݤಃ496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ීϐೕۓǴջό ள٩၀చීගଆӆቩǶୖـणӀဂǴඟຏ4ǶࡳΔڕڶլࣚΔ٦ٻཕᐝತขऄೃದ္ΔԫۖߢΔཕᐝತข۩ਙ္༉ཕ ᐝತขᦞڶயࢤܒឰհழ࿓ᚨᄎඡ࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃ္հܒឰழ࿓Ζឈྥཕ ᐝತข۩ਙ္ࠃٙ༉ཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤհܒឰڶኙயΔۖཕᐝತขاࠃ ࠃٙ༉ཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤհܒឰႛڶଡூࣅޔԺΔࠟृ࣍ऄՂ୲ࠡࠟ ࣴΔ܀ኔ೭Ղ္࣍ᅝࠃԳၴึߒڶ༉ઌٵࠃ೭থآઌٵհጊᐞΖڂ ڼΔ༉ऄՂױ౨ࣴฆܒឰհཕᐝತขاࠃΕ۩ਙࠃٙΔ࣍ኔ೭Ղսࡵ܂ᔞ ৫ऄࠫૠΔᕣၦᝩ܍ဪܒࣴฆհ࿇سΖཕᐝತขூٙᐉาঞࣔࡳཕᐝತ ขاࠃ္հᒔࡳܒެΔ༉ཕᐝತขڶᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂΔᄐᆖኔᔆհܒ ឰृΔᣂ࣍ٵԫཕᐝತขᦞᚨܡᔭΕᐒַհࠡה္ࠃٙΔٵԫᅝࠃԳ༉ ٵԫഗ៕ࠃኔΔ֘࣍ᒔࡳܒެܒឰრڱհ്ࢨݼழΔऄೃᚨᐉ಼ᒔ ࡳܒެਢܡ᧩ྥሔહऄחΕਢܡנߩאᐙܒឰ࣠հᄅ္ᇷற֗ᇨॾ ঞൣݮᎁࡳհ31Ζۿբ༼قᣂ࣍ٵԫཕᐝತขᦞᚨܡᔭΕᐒַհڂ ᄐᆖاࠃ္ᒔࡳܒެխኔᔆܒឰृΔೈڶᒔࡳܒެ᧩ྥሔહऄחΕנ ߩאᐙܒឰհᄅ္ᇷறհൣݮΔഗ࣍ᆃַ֘հᇨॾঞΔኙٵԫᅝࠃ Գ༉ٵԫഗ៕ࠃኔΔ֘࣍ᒔࡳܒឰრڱհ്ࢨݼழΔऄೃլࡵ܂լٵ ᎁࡳΖڕཕᐝತขاࠃ္ࡸڇᢀ᥆սآᒔࡳΔۖᅝࠃԳࢨรԿԳᣂ࣍ٵԫ ཕᐝತขᦞհᔭΕᐒַΔբ༼ದ۩ਙञ࿓ݧழΔاࠃࠃٙऄೃ༉ᅝࠃԳ ࢬ്ࢨݼཕᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂհڶྤطΔࠉཕᐝತขூ ٙᐉऄร16 යࡳࡐᚨ۞ܒឰΔ൫ٍᄄ಼۩ਙञհ࿓৫֗ࠟທհრ ߠΔ္ཚֲհਐࡳΔࠀ࣍ཕᐝತขറຂᖲᣂף္ழΔ࠰ࠟທΕ ףԳۖᐉૠհૡࡳ32Ζࠡؾऱٍᚨڇࠌᐉཕᐝತขூٙاࠃऄೃ ᄄ಼۩ਙञհၞ۩࿓৫္֗ᅝࠃԳհრߠΔݔᔞૡࡳᐉૠΔᝩ܍ ္࿓ݧհᰳࠀַဪܒࣴฆհ࿇سΖ ؆Δཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 34 යร 2 ႈࡳΔᙄཕᐝತขاࠃ္ 31 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ34 చǶ 32 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ30 చǶ
ࢨ٩ࠃ္հऄࡴΔፖ༉ᇠ္ࠃٙઌ௫հཕᐝತข۩ਙ္հᐉ ܒΔլᔞش۩ਙ္ऄร 19 යร 3 ཱིհࡳΖԾཕᐝತขூٙᐉาঞร 41 යٍࡳΔᣂ࣍ٵԫഗ៕ࠃኔհཕᐝತขᦞاࠃࢨ٩ࠃ္հՂ္Εݼܫ ூٙΔא֗۩ਙ္ࠃٙΔٵழࢨ٣৵ᢀ᥆࣍ཕᐝತขऄೃழΔ։طઌٵ հᗑٚࢨ࠹ࡎऄࡴᙄΖছூբึृΔٍٵΖՂ૪ࡳΔඈೈ۩ਙ္ऄ ร19 යร 3 ཱིࡳΔڶᣂᙄ۩ਙ္ࠃٙհऄࡴΔམፖᇠ္ࠃٙઌ ௫հاࠃဪܒृΔᚨ۞۩ಱᝩΔլച۩೭հࡳΔࠌઌٵհऄࡴױᙄ ٵԫཕᐝತขᦞࢬسհٺጟ္Δڶܗ࣍ᝩ܍ဪܒհࣴฆ33Ζ լመΔط࣍ࢬᘯψٵԫഗ៕ࠃኔωհཕᐝತขاࠃࢨ٩ࠃ္հՂ္Ε ݼܫூٙΔא֗۩ਙ္ࠃٙΔڇࡳᇞᤩՂآؘࣔᒔΖڶᣂٵԫഗ៕ࠃ ኔհཕᐝತขاࠃࢨ٩ࠃ္հՂ္ΕݼܫூٙΔא֗۩ਙ္ࠃٙ݁طٵ ԫऄࡴΔڕᇠऄࡴհ٣ছߠᇞࠀॺݔᔞΔঞᅝࠃԳڇᇠᐉ్հ္݁ല ᔡլܓհܒឰΔኙᇠᅝࠃԳհ္ᦞ墿ਢܡڶࢬᐙΔॺྤઔಘհ塒چΖڂ ڼΔψٵԫഗ៕ࠃኔωհཕᐝತขاࠃࢨ٩ࠃ္հՂ္ΕݼܫூٙΔא֗ ۩ਙ္ࠃٙਢܡࡵ։طઌٵհᗑٚࢨ࠹ࡎऄࡴᙄΔኔ೭Ղኔਜਢܡڶሎ ܂Ղհพᡶᣄ۩հΔսڶৱᨠኘΖ܀ഗ࣍ࡳᑉழणኪհঅ٤࿓ݧ࣍ཕᐝತ ขூٙհᐉբءூ֏Δऄೃᐉࡳᑉழणኪ։հᜢᓮழΔ༉অ٤հؘ ࢤΔᚨᐉ಼ᜢᓮԳലࠐ္ױ౨ࢤΔא༉ءூ္ਢܡբሒ৫ױ౨ࢤ܂ ኔᔆܒឰ34ΖڂڼΔ༉ࡳᑉழणኪհ։հᜢᓮፖءூ္ڇኔ೭Ղঞۿࡵ طઌٵऄࡴᙄΔᕣၦᝩ܍࿇سဪܒࣴฆΔא܍ᅝࠃԳྤࢬᔞൕ35Ζ 33 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ41 చǵඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ᕴᇥܴಃ 32 ᗺǶ 34 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩݤಃ22 చಃ 1 ǵඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ 37 చಃ 3 ǵಃ 4 Ƕ 35 ٩ऍ୯ᖄٖ҇٣ນำׇೕ߾Ǵݤଣቩ߃යڋз܈ࡕǴளڮஒҁਢນගᆶ ߃යڋзϐቩӝٳǴݤଣᕵ҂ڮӝٳቩǴ߃යڋзᖂፎڙϐᏵҭԋࣁҁ ਢቩޑϩԶคனӆख़ፄቩǶځ߃යڋзϐቩᆶҁਢϐቩςჴ፦่ӝǴ ຊղݔ౦ϐёૈεࣁफ़եǶSee FED. R. CIV. P. 65 (“Injunctions and Restraining Orders (a) Preliminary Injunction. (1) Notice … (2) Consolidating the Hearing with the Trial on the
4.2
ތᘈਝনࠌᇄތᘈ௶ଶনࠌϞՃᔖҢ
ᣂ࣍ᒔࡳܒެհਝܒԺΔᚨא္ᑑऱᆖ।֮࣍ܒឰհࠃႈૻΔ ۟࣍ܒެطࠀլسਝܒԺംᠲΖڂڼΔऄೃ࣍ᒔࡳܒެطխΔ༉္ᑑ ऱא؆ᅝࠃԳ്հૹञរΰࠏڕΔറܓॿᦞ္ᣂ࣍ᦞܓڶயࢤհܒ ឰαΔء࣍ᅝࠃԳᓵհ࣠բܒឰழΔڇٵԫᅝࠃԳ༉ፖᇠૹञរڶ ᣂࢬ༼ದհה္Δऄೃ֗ᅝࠃԳኙᇠૹञរհऄ৳ᣂএΔਢܡ܂ઌ֘ հܒឰࢨ്Δڼܛࢬᘯψञរயঞω36Ζݺഏኔ೭ᎁೈڶ᧩ྥሔહऄ חΔࢨᅝࠃԳբ༼נᄅ္ᇷறΔߩאංܒឰհൣݮ؆Δឈᚨᇞڇٵ ԫᅝࠃԳ༉ፖᇠૹञរڶᣂࢬ༼ದհה္Δऄೃ֗ᅝࠃԳኙᇠૹञʳ រհऄ৳ᣂএΔઃլٚ܂ઌ֘հܒឰࢨ്Δאฤاࠃ္Ղհᇨॾʳ ঞ37Ζ܀ᣂ࣍ܒެطհञរயঞΔႊ࣍ٵԫᅝࠃԳၴլٵհ္ࠃٙΔ ࡨڶᔞش38ΖڂڼΔψञរயωؘאψ࣍ٵԫᅝࠃԳၴωΕψॺ᧩ྥሔહऄMerits. Before or after beginning the hearing on a motion for a preliminary injunction, the court may advance the trial on the merits and consolidate it with the hearing. Even when consolidation is not ordered, evidence that is received on the motion and that would be ad-missible at trial becomes part of the trial record and need not be repeated at trial. But the court must preserve any party’s right to a jury trial.”). ᜢܭऍ୯ڋзϐፕୖـቅۘ דǵЦ௵ሑǵӹኰǵܴ݅ሺǴPatent Wars ऍѠճນ ჴᏯᄤຊղှǴ। 155-157Ȑ2005ȑǹӹǴȨவऍ୯љݤჴ୍࣮Ѡճਢҹϐଷೀϩ௱ᔮȩǴД ѿݤᏢᚇᇞǴಃ109 යǴ। 9-35Ȑ2004ȑǹᎄύΓǴȨճϐՉ٬ᆶۓኩਔރᄊϐ ೀϩȩǴѠҁβݤᏢᚇᇞǴಃ58 යǴ। 101-138Ȑ2004ȑǶ 36 ୖـനଯݤଣ 97 ԃѠӷಃ 2376 ဦղ،Ƕќനଯݤଣ 96 ԃѠӷಃ 1782 ဦǵಃ 2569 ဦղ،ҭᇥܴǴ௦ݾᗺਏচ߾߯ྍܭນϐ၈ߞচ߾Ϸ٣ΓϦѳϐນݤ ǴᗉխݾϸᙟวғǴаၲȨԛှ،ݾȩ܌ғϐᅿղ،ਏΚȐܥ״ΚȑǴ ࣁำׇݤ܌Ƕ 37 ୖـനଯݤଣ97 ԃѠӷಃ 2376 ဦղ،ǵനଯݤଣ 96 ԃѠӷಃ 1782 ဦǵಃ 2569 ဦղ،Ƕ 38 ୖـനଯݤଣ97 ԃѠӷಃ 1783 ဦղ،Ƕ
חω֗ψآ༼נᄅ္ᇷறߩאංܒឰωൣݮࡨڶࠡᔞش39Ζڼႛ এᖂᎅՂᓵࢨኔ೭ଡூࢬආߠᇞΔࡸآګܒࠏ40Ζݺഏञរயᓵএ ڇاࠃ္࿓ݧᏆ൶ಘ41ΖڂڼΔاࠃ္խᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭΕ ᐒַհڂࢬհܒឰΔ࣍۩ਙ္ࠃٙۿࡸྤऄऴ൷ག֧ਝڶհञរய ᓵ42Ζ൫ऄՂञរயᓵਢܡױឩՕᔞش࣍լٵ္ጟᣊΔଖၞԫޡ ߒ43Ζ
4.3
छތᘈ௶ଶনࠌϞ྅܈
44 ભഏञរඈೈঞএַٵԫञរڇ൷ᥛ֗լٵ္ڂૹᓤ༼ದΖࠡ 39 ୖـനଯݤଣ95 ԃѠӷಃ 1972 ဦղ،Ƕ 40 ୖـനଯݤଣ97 ԃѠӆӷಃ 40 ဦղ،Ƕനଯݤଣ 95 ԃѠӷಃ 1154 ဦղ،ҭࡰܴ ܌ᒏݾᗺਏፕǴڰࣁჴ୍܌௦ᇡǴோځᆶۘԖਏϐനଯݤଣ 73 ԃѠӷಃ 3292 ဦղٯཀԑό಄Ǵࢂց߯ᛙִϐـှǴۘᜤᘐۓǶ 41 ך୯ݾᗺਏϐϟಏᆶፕǴୖـᓛ҉ৎǴȨղ،җᆶࡽղΚȩǴࡽղΚϐࣴزǴ। 51-88Ȑ1994ȑǹЦҘΌǴȨղ،җϐਏΚȩǴ҇٣ນݤϐࣴȐΒȑǴ। 135-191Ȑ2002ȑǹߋᖄৰǴȨॶள٣Γߞᒘޑჴ ୷ܭٛЗวғँ᠍܄ຊղ ϐᢀᗺץղԄޑϷჴᡏޑჴЬကȩǴำׇڋࡋᐒૈፕǴ।26Ȑ2002ȑǶ 42 ඵችౢݤଣ97 ԃࡋ҇ܰӷಃ 5 ဦ҇٣ղ،Ǵ൩ѠଯݤଣѠύϩଣ 96 ԃࡋ ນܰӷಃ 33 ဦ҇٣ዴۓղ،җύ܌ᇡۓسݾკ߯ນΓϦљݤۓжΓҘɄ Ʉ܌ബբϐკբǴդࢀϦљᆛ।ϐკ߯ᏰԾׯբԾسݾკ٣ჴǴаϷ ѠѠύӦБݤଣ 97 ԃࡋύඵӷಃ 2 ဦ҇٣ዴۓղ،߾ᇡۓນΓڗளسݾკТΒ ԿѤϐឦϐ٣ჴǴԶນΓդࢀϦљǵѹɄɄܭҁҹ٠҂ගрཥນၗى аᙌচղᘐǴځܭҁҹԾόளӆࣁ࣬ϸϐЬǴݤଣҭόளբ࣬౦ϐղᘐǶ၀ղ، ܭඵችౢਢҹ҇٣ນύޭۓԖݾᗺਏচ߾ϐҔǶ 43 ᜢܭݾᗺਏܭ҇٣ນύჹܭಃΟΓϐਏΚϟಏǴୖـ୯ܱǴȨݾᗺਏϐಃΟΓਏ Κ җനଯݤଣΖΜΐԃࡋѠӷಃΒΟɄϖဦϷΖΜΐԃࡋѠӷಃΒɄΖΖဦ ղ،рวȩǴܿֆݤࡓᏢൔǴಃ16 ڔಃ 3 යǴ। 225-296Ȑ2005ȑǶќݤଣ൩ඵች ౢਢҹቩҭςрՉࡹݾύ܌όளӆՉЬϐ٣ჴϷᏵǴܭ҇٣ນำׇҭό ளӆՉЬǴᜪ՟ݾᗺ௨ନϐـှǶୖـѠѠчӦБݤଣ 94 ԃࡋඵӷಃ 5 ဦղ، ٣ჴϷҗΌǵѤǵȐΒȑǶ 44 ࣬ჹݾᗺ௨ନচ߾ޣǴ߾ࣁፎ௨ନȐClaim PreclusionȑǴ࣬ܭך୯ϐࡽղΚ ȐEffects of Former AdjudicationȑǵѨਏ܈ᘐਏǶٙΚ1.ᇠञរڶྤطբڇছԫࠠڶጥᝤᦞऱึݝဪܒᎁࡳΙ2.ञរඈೈ ঞᔞشऱኙທڶך։ֆؓᖲᄎڇছԫ္ञᇠञរΙ3.ٵԫञរᄐբ ኔᔆञڇছԫ္܂ګܒឰΙ4.ٵԫञរऱܒឰኙছԫ္ऱᓵឰਢؘ ऱ45Ε46Ζ࣍ભഏऄ৳รԲڻᖞᒳร 27 යٍᎅࣔञរඈೈঞএਐΚᅝԫ ऄ৳ࢨࠃኔञរբڇԫڶயึݝဪܒխኔᔆञ܂ګܒឰΔڼԫܒ ឰኙᇠဪܒਢؘऱΔঞᇠञរऱܒឰڇᅝࠃԳၴ൷ᥛऱ္Δྤᓵਢઌٵ ࢨլٵऱᓮޣΔਢࠠڶެࡳࢤऱ47Ε48Ζભഏऄञរඈೈঞհᔞشլૻ࣍ছ ္հ္ᅝࠃԳࢨፖᅝࠃԳࠠڶԫࡳᣂএհԳΰpriviesαΔࠡהรԿԳ࣍৵ ္ٍኙছ္հᅝࠃԳ്ञរඈೈ49ΖԾञរඈೈঞհᔞشਢᇠ ঞᔞشհᅝࠃԳڇছ္ਢܡڶך։ֆؓհᖲᄎ༉ᇠञរञΰސᚰ ᗧα50Ζञរඈೈঞܛࠌॺছ္հᅝࠃԳΔ࣍৵္ٍףאག֧Δڇլ ٵ္ጟᣊၴٍڶᔞش塒چΖࠏڕΔറܓاࠃॿᦞ္հছ္խΔᣂ࣍عᓮ 45
ݾᗺ௨ନচ߾ΞᆀࣁߕϸقȐCollateral EstoppelȑǶSee James P. Bradley & Kelly J. Kubasta, Issue Preclusion as Applied to Claim Interpretation, 10 TEX. INTELL. PROP. L.J. 323, 324 (2002).
46
See id. at 327; Meiring de Villiers, Technological Risk and Issue Preclusion: A Legal and Policy Critique, 9 CORNELL J.L. & PUB. POL’Y 523, 542 (2000).
47
Restatement of the LawɡJudgments Restatement (Second) of Judgments ջऍ୯ݤࡓख़ ॊǴΞᆀऍ୯ݤࡓຏញ༼ጓ܈ऍ୯ݤࡓ༼ጓǴ߯җऍ୯ݤࡓڐȐAmerican Law In-stituteȑጓᒠǴ၀༼ጓஒऍ୯ਢٯ܌ࡌҥϐݤࡓচ߾уаख़ॊǴажඹਢٯϐЇҔǴ җܭځ࠶܄ཱུଯǴதࣁݤଣ܌ЇҔǶୖـBLACK’SLAW DICTIONARY (6th ed. 1990) ԖᜢRestatement of the Law ޑᇥܴǶќୖـഋහᙦǴࣽמᙔੇౣޑߥፁᏯ 2006 ऍ୯ճນȐȑǴ।46Ǵຏ 46Ȑ2006ȑǶ
48
“When an issue of fact or law is actually litigated and determined by a valid and final judg-ment, and the determination is essential to the judgjudg-ment, the determination is conclusive in a subsequent action between the parties, whether on the same or a different claim.” R ESTATE-MENT (SECOND)OF JUDGMENTS § 27 (1982).
49
See Jo Desha Lucas, The Direct and Collateral Estoppel Effects of Alternative Holdings, 50
U. CHI. L. REV. 701, 725 (1983); Bradley & Kubasta, supra note 45, at 325. 50
Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore, 439 U.S. 322 (1979). ᜢܭऍ୯ݤȐIssue Preclusionȑҗ࣬ ϕ܄চ߾Կߚ࣬ϕ܄চ߾ϐวϟಏǴ၁ୖـ୯ܱǴඟຏ43Ƕ
റܓᒤհᇞᤩհञរᄐᆖऄೃףאࡳΔۖ࣍ࠡ৵༉ᇠറܓ٦ᐉ္࿓ ݧΔറܓᦞԳᣂ࣍ᇠറܓعᓮറܓᒤᇞᤩٍլ٦ࠃञച51Ε52 ΖڂڼΔཕ ᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂΔᄐᆖ࣍اࠃॿᦞ္խףאኔᔆհܒឰΔ ᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขᦞᚨܡᔭΕᐒַٵԫञរΔ࣍ࠡה္ࠃٙΔࠏڕΔ۩ਙ္ խਢܡڶञរඈೈঞᔞشۖլ٦ףאञചΔאᝩ܍ဪܒࣴฆհ࿇سΔ ભഏऄڶᣂञរඈೈঞਢܡڶױආհΔଖၞԫޡףא൶ಘΖ ભഏऄञរඈೈঞএַٵԫञរૹᓤञΔࠡᔞشႊΚ1.ᇠञរڇ ছԫ္ᄐբኔᔆञመΙ2.ᇠञរᄐᆖึݝဪܒܒឰመΙ3.ᇠञរኙᇠึݝ ဪܒհܒឰਢؘऱΙ4.ञរඈೈᔞشհኙွམڶך։ֆؓऱᖲᄎױאސ ᚰᗧ53Ζભഏᜤ߶߲ಱՂ္ऄೃΰCAFCα࣍ 1982 ڣګمΔCAFC ኙࢬᝤ ٺᜤ߶چֱऄೃհထ܂ᦞΕᑑᦞூٙڶጥᝤᦞΔኙറܓᑑݝΕറܓ္ ᣋ֗ञᤜࡡᄎհ։ΕެࡳञࠃٙΔٍڶጥᝤᦞΔএཕᐝತขூٙ հറᄐऄೃ54Ζࠡڰཚኙञរඈೈঞհᔞشএག֧ભഏऄ৳รԲڻᖞᒳ ࡳΔۖॺག֧چ߲ಱऄೃூࠏΔຍፖભഏᜤ߶߲ಱՂ္ऄೃګمհॣΔუ ᒔم۞աऱ࿓ݧऄ᧯ߓڶᣂ55ΖլመΔ༉ञរඈೈঞΔભഏᜤ߶߲ಱՂ ္ऄೃڇཕᐝತขூٙᐉսףאགشΔץਔڇছ္༉عᓮറܓᒤհᇞᤩ ਢܡ࣍৵္ڶञរඈೈհᔞش56Ζભഏᜤ߶߲ಱՂ္ऄೃ࣍ཕᐝತขூ ٙᔞشञរඈೈঞழٍਐࣔٙΔΚ1.ߓञञរፖছ္ञរႊ᥆ٵ 51
In re Freeman, 30 F.3d. 1459 (Fed. Cir. 1994); A.B. Dick Co. v. Burroughs Corp., 713 F.2d
700 (Fed. Cir. 1983). 52 ӆቩȐReexaminationȑำׇᜪ՟ך୯ճᖐวݾำׇǶᜢܭӆቩำׇϟಏ୯ϣ ЎǴୖـറҸݤࡓ٣୍܌ǴճՉࡹ௱ᔮڋࡋϐࣴزǴᔮඵችౢֽہૼ ࣴزǴ।73-84Ȑ2003ȑǶ 53
Villers, supra note 46; Bradley & Kubasta, supra note 45, at 327. See also Jonas McDavit,
Putting the Cart Before the Horse: Obstacles to Using Issue Preclusion in a Post-Markman World, 34 AIPLA Q.J. 45, 50 (2006).
54
ᜢܭCAFC ϐࡌǵᆅᗄǴୖـቅۘדǴඟຏ 35Ǵ। 51-65Ƕ
55
See McDavit, supra note 53, at 51.
56
ԫΙ2.ٵԫञរᄐբ࣍ছ္ኔᔆञΙ3.ٵԫञរऱܒឰኙছԫ္ऱᓵឰਢ ૹؘऱΙ4.ञរඈೈঞᔞشऱኙທ࣍ছ္࿓ݧڶך։ֆؓᖲᄎञ ᇠञរ57Ζञរඈೈঞլႛ࣍ऄೃছூဪܒܒឰհञរڶࠡᔞشΔ۟ ץਔছூএطᄷऄࢤᔆհ٘ဪԳܒឰٍץਔڇփ58Ζ ࠉՂ૪ભഏञរඈೈঞհٙ֗ூࠏߠᇞףאᇞ࣫Δࠡૹរڇٵԫञ រڇছ္࿓ݧխᄐᆖၞ۩ך։հސᚰᗧۖ܂ګኔᔆܒឰΔᇠܒឰኙছԫ ္ᓵऱᓵឰਢؘऱطΖ္۟࣍ࠟհᅝࠃԳࢨ္ጟᣊ᜕ॺઌٵΔٍ ڶञរඈೈঞհᔞشΖݺഏط࣍ֆߏऄԲց։م࣠Δ࣍ጥᝤऄೃ္֗ ࿓ݧ݁ڶܑΔڂڼݺഏञរயᓵૻ࣍ٵԫᅝࠃԳၴΔ္ጟᣊٍᚨઌ ٵࡨڶᔞشΖભഏऄञរඈೈঞᔞشᒤለݺഏञរயᓵՕΔʳ ឈএڂऄࠫՂฆທګΔ܀ݺഏڇཕᐝತขூٙᐉᄅࠫΔࠃኔᐉ݁բႃխ ࣍ཕᐝತขऄೃൣݮՀΔբנاࠃ္ࠃٙፖ۩ਙञࠃٙอٽհࡅ ᜢ59ΖڂڼΔཕᐝತขூٙᣂ࣍ڶயࢤܒឰհञរ಼ආભഏञរඈೈঞհ ऄΔאַኙ࣍ڶயࢤܒឰဪܒࣴฆञᤜ֗আၞ္ᐉ࿓ݧΔᚨآࠐ ଖףא৸ەհֱٻ60Ζ 57
Id. at 1261 (“(1) the issue at stake must be identical to the one involved in the prior litigation;
(2) the issue must have been actually litigated in the prior suit; (3) the determination of the issue in the prior litigation must have been a critical and necessary part of the judgment in that action; and (4) the party against whom the earlier decision is asserted must have had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the earlier proceeding.”); Shell Petroleum, Inc. v. U.S., 319 F.3d 1334 (Fed. Cir. 2003); Jet, Inc. v. Sewage Aeration Systems, 223 F.3d 1360 (Fed. Cir. 2000).
58
See U.S. v. Utah Constr. & Mining Co., 384 U.S. 394, 422 (1966).
59
ୖـ؇߷զǴȨඵችౢ҇٣ນ٣ҹᆶՉࡹݾ٣ҹϐӝೀȩǴݤᏢཥፕǴಃ 8 යǴ। 1-17Ȑ2009ȑǶ
60
4.4
छݲடցӔቷࢥแוᇄҕٱ߭᠌ວ೪ԤਝܒތᘈϞ
րᘞ
ભഏറܓ٦ᐉ࿓ݧ։ྤኙທΰex parteα֗ڶኙທΰinter partesα࿓ ݧ61Ζڶኙທհ٦ᐉ࿓ݧรԿԳኙޢڻറܓᦞԳऱڶ30 ֲழၴױא༼ נ૿რߠΔรԿԳፖറܓᦞԳኙञរױא܂ך։ސΔለᣊۿݺഏറܓᜰ ࿇ԳፖറܓᦞԳհ۩ਙञ࿓ݧ62Ζڶኙທհ٦ᐉ࿓ݧΔറܓᦞԳࢨรԿ ԳኙભഏറܓᑑݝΰPTOαհ٦ᐉհެࡳլࣚױאٻ္ᣋ֗ञᤜࡡᄎ ΰthe Board of Patent Appeals and Interferencesα္ᣋΔլࣚᇠࡡᄎհެࡳΔ ױՂ္࣍ᜤ߶߲ಱՂ္ऄೃ63Ζط࣍ڶኙທհ٦ᐉ࿓ݧΔรԿԳࢨറܓᦞ Գᣂ࣍റܓڶயࢤհञរױאၞ۩ך։հސᚰᗧΔڂڼΔڶኙທ٦ᐉ࿓ ݧᣂ࣍റܓڶயࢤհܒឰܛڶඈೈঞհᔞشΖ ڶኙທ٦ᐉ࿓ݧհรԿԳعᓮԳΔ༉բ༼נࢨ༼נറܓڶயࢤհञ រΔڕᆖ٦ᐉ࿓ݧึݝެࡳറܓڶயΔঞᇠรԿԳլ࣍ࠡ৵اࠃॿᦞ ္٦ञചᇠറܓڶயࢤञរ64ΖԾऄೃ࣍ึݝܒެխڕ༉റܓڶயࢤܒឰ ᥆࣍ྤயΔঞભഏറܓᑑݝܛլ٦࠹ྤኙທհ٦ᐉ࿓ݧ65Δኙભഏ 61
See generally Steven E. Lipman, Patent Reexamination Fundamentals, 908 PLI/PAT 9 (2007).
62
37 C.F.R. § 1.947
63
35 U.S.C. §§ 141, 315, as amended by 21st Century Department of Justice Authorization Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-273, § 13106, 116 Stat. 1900 (Nov. 2, 2002); 37 C.F.R. § 1.983; USPTO Report to Congress on Inter Partes Reexamination, available at http://www.uspto. gov/web/offices/dcom/olia/reports/reexam_report.htm (last visited Feb. 7, 2009).
64
35 U.S.C. § 315(c). όၸǴԜೕۓќߕԖՠਜǺȐ“This subsection does not prevent the assertion of invalidity based on newly discovered prior art unavailable to the third-party requester and the Patent and Trademark Office at the time of the inter partes reexamination proceedings.”ȑǶ
65
See U.S. PATENT & TRADEMARK OFFICE, U.S. DEP’T OF COMMERCE, MANUAL OF PATENT
EXAMINING PROCEDURE § 2242(III)(C) (8th ed., 6th Rev. 2007) [hereinafter MPEP] (“C.
invalid-റܓᑑݝٍسࣅޔԺ66ΖറܓᦞԳ࣍ࠡהऄೃٍ࠹ञរඈೈঞհૻࠫΔ ۖլኙࠡהॿᦞԳ്ࠡറܓڶய67ΖլመΔڕึݝܒެ༉റܓڶயࢤհ ܒឰএᎁറܓڶயΔঞኙભഏറܓᑑݝհ٦ᐉ࿓ݧࠀլسࣅޔԺΔࠡ طএࠟृኙറܓڶயࢤᢞࣔࢬආᢞᖕᢞࣔ࿓৫հᑑᄷլٵࢬી68Ζࢬᘯ ࢬආᢞᖕᢞࣔ࿓৫հᑑᄷլٵΔএڂኙऄೃۖߢΔറܓᦞএංࡳڶயΔ് റܓྤயհᅝࠃԳ༉റܓྤயհࠃኔএࠉᢞᖕࣔᒔᑑᄷΰclear and convincing standardαᜰᢞຂٚ69Ιۖറܓᑑݝ٦ᐉ࿓ݧঞࠀآංࡳറܓڶயΔ ࠡᐉڕٵറܓعᓮএࠉᚌႨᢞᖕᑑᄷΰpreponderance of the evidenceα༉ ്റܓլࠠױറܓࢤᜰᢞຂٚբߩ70Ζط࣍ᢞᖕࣔᒔᑑᄷለᚌႨᢞᖕᑑ ᄷᣤΔঞऄೃ༉ٵԫᢞᖕאለᣤհᢞᖕࣔᒔᜰᢞᑑᄷᐉᎁറܓᓮޣႈ ڶயΔറܓᑑݝ٦ᐉ࿓ݧڕࠉᚌႨᢞᖕᑑᄷᐉঞױ౨ᎁլࠠױറܓ ࢤ71Ζ܀ઌ֘چΔऄೃڕբࠉለᣤհᢞᖕࣔᒔᜰᢞᑑᄷᐉᎁറܓᓮޣႈ ྤயΔറܓᑑݝ٦ᐉ࿓ݧএࠉለᐈհᚌႨᢞᖕᑑᄷᐉΔ۞ᚨ࠹ऄೃ ᎁࡳհࣅޔۖᎁറܓᓮޣႈྤய72Ζ ࠉՂ։࣫Δڶኙທ٦ᐉ࿓ݧึݝެࡳ࣍اࠃॿᦞ္խڶञរඈೈ ঞհᔞشΔऄೃᣂ࣍റܓᦞྤயܒឰհञរΔኙ٦ᐉ࿓ݧٍسञរඈೈհ யԺΖԾऄೃ࣍լٵ္࿓ݧᣂ࣍റܓڶயࢤհܒឰٵڶञរඈೈঞհᔞ
ity or unenforceability, after all appeals, is controlling on the Office. In such cases, a sub-stantial new question of patent-ability would not be present as to the claims finally held in-valid or unenforceable.”).
66
MPEP § 2286 IV.
67
Blonder-Tongue Labs., Inc. v. Univ. of Ill. Found., 402 U.S. 313, 333 (1971); Parklane Ho-siery Co. v. Shore, 439 U.S. 322, 331 (1979).
68
MPEP § 2286 IV; Ethicon, Inc. v. Quigg, 849 F.2d 1422 (Fed. Cir. 1988).
69
Kaufman Co. v. Lantech, Inc., 807 F.2d 970, 974 (Fed. Cir. 1986).
70
Ethicon, Inc. v. Quigg, 849 F.2d 1422, 1427 (Fed. Cir. 1988).
71
MPEP § 2286 IV.
72
شΖਢܡڶञរඈೈঞհᔞشΔࠡխᣂࢬڇսڇٵԫञរڇছԫ္࿓ ݧΔᅝࠃԳਢܡڶך։ֆؓհސᚰᗧᖲᄎΖᣂ࣍റܓᦞԳኙറܓڶயࢤ հञរਢܡڶך։ֆؓհސᖲᄎΔભഏऄೃߠᇞᜰנ༓ႈەၦڂైΔץ ਔΚ1.ছ္ऄೃߠᇞਢܡਐנբᔞشإᅝऱऄ৳ঞ܂ګࠡᓵΰࠏڕΔڇ ၞޡࢤܒឰՂਢܡᔞشGraham v. John Deere Co.ூࠏऱঞα73Ι2.ছ္ऄೃ ߠᇞਢܡ٤ຝྤऄ༳༽ߓञݾᑑऱፖञរΙ3.ছ္റܓᦞԳਢܡڶॺڂࠡ መ؈ۖଷኆૹᢞᖕࢨᢞԳհ༼נ74Ζ
4.5
ፒኵތᘈᇄތᘈ௶ଶ
75 ཕᐝತขூٙڶயࢤञᤜ௫ᓤᑇञរΔࠏڕΔᑑေࡳعᓮூΔ ေࡳூعᓮԳאߓञᑑڶሔᑑऄร23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱིΕร 14 ཱིࠃط༼ ದေࡳΔܛژڇᑑᦞڶயࢤञᤜᓤᑇञរംᠲ76ΖԾ᜕ྥאߓञᑑڶ ሔᑑऄร23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱིࠃط༼ದေࡳΔ܀ڂᑑऄร 23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱིհٙץਔψઌٵࢨ२ۿω࣍ψהԳωψထټᑑωΔψڶીઌᣂֆฒ ᎄᎁհᇄωΔঞ༉ਢܡฤٽψઌٵࢨ२ۿωΕψהԳωΕψထټ ᑑωΕψڶીઌᣂֆฒᎄᎁհᇄωٙΔٍژڇᓤᑇञរംᠲΖᣂ࣍ཕ ᐝತขூٙڶயࢤञᤜᓤᑇञរհᐉΔڕႛᐉࠡխհԫञរܛױሒګܒ ឰհᓵΔኔ೭Ղ༉ࠡ塒ञរլ٦ףאᐉߒΖࠏڕΔᑑေࡳعᓮԳ ്ߓञᑑհုםڶሔᑑऄร23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱི֗ร 14 ཱིࡳΔኙհع ᓮေࡳΖᆖཕᐝತขݝᐉΔுᎁߓञᑑհုםሔ֘ᑑऄร23 යร 1 ႈ ร14 ཱིհࡳΔঞܛױሒࠩڕေࡳعᓮԳࢬ്ᔭߓञᑑᦞհؾऱΔঞ 73Grapraham v. John Deere Co. of Kan. City, 383 U.S. 1 (1966).
74
See Blonder-Tongue Labs., Inc. v. Univ. of Ill. Found., 402 U.S. 313, 333 (1971).
75 Ꮲޣ୯ܱࡰрǴፄኧݾᗺϐݾᗺਏୢᚒޑፕǴஒ߯ך୯ӧᗌӛݾᗺਏፕಒጏϯ ၰၡǴΠ໘ࢤ܌Ѹय़ჹޑፐᚒǶୖـ୯ܱǴȨݾᗺਏፕϐಒጏϯ ຑന ଯݤଣΐΜϤԃѠӷಃΎΖΒဦղ،ȩǴѠݤᏢᚇᇞǴಃ 108 යǴ। 77 Ȑ2008ȑǶ 76 ୖـඵችౢݤଣ97 ԃࡋՉນӷಃ 109 ဦղ،Ƕ
༉ߓञᑑਢܡڶሔ֘ᑑऄร23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱིհࠃطΔڂբլᐙᚨ ᔭߓञᑑုםհᓵΔܛྤ٦༉ᑑऄร 23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱིհေࡳ ࠃطףאᐉߒ77Ζ܀ٍڶ༉ᓤᑇञរ։ܑղאᐉߒΔࠏڕΔᑑऄร 23 යร 1 ႈร 12 ཱིհေࡳࠃطএאઌٵࢨ२ۿ࣍ψהԳωထټᑑٙΖਚڕ᥆ ٵԫԳࢬڶհԲᑑΔ᜕ࠡᑑቹᑌ२ۿΔٍྤᇠཱིᔞشհ塒چΖऄೃڕ אߓञᑑፖᖕאေࡳᑑ݁᥆ٵԫԳࢬڶΔۖᎁေࡳعᓮྤطΙԾאᖕ אေࡳᑑॺ᥆ထټᑑΔ܂ေࡳعᓮྤطհࠉᖕΔܛএ༉ᓤᑇञរ݁ ղᐉߒհᔞࠏ78Ζڇറܓᜰ࿇ࠃٙΔط࣍ᜰ࿇Գױאٵழ༼נڍᑇᜰ࿇ࠃ طΔڂڼറܓ۩ਙ္ࠃٍٙژڇᦞܓڶயࢤᓤᑇञរհംᠲ79Ζཕᐝತข ூٙᦞܓڶயࢤհञᤜᆖൄڂڍᑇञᤜࠃطࢨڍᑇٙհᐉۖژڇᓤᑇञ រΔբڕছ૪Ζঞભഏऄᣂ࣍ᓤᑇञរհܒឰ࣍ञរඈೈঞհᔞشൣݮڕ ۶Δٍଖףא൶ಘΖ ࠉભഏऄञរඈೈঞٙհԫٵԫञរऱܒឰኙছԫ္ऱᓵឰ ਢૹؘऱΖঞڇছ္ञរএڶᓤᑇհൣउՀΔᇠᓤᑇञរਢܡ݁ڶञ រඈೈհᔞشΔլྤጊᆠΖભഏรԫڻऄ৳ᖞᒳኙ࣍ဪܒխڶԲጟܒឰհ طΔڼԲጟܒឰطٚრᙇᖗࠡԫ݁ױך։֭ဪܒհᓵऱൣउΔᎁ ဪܒԲጟܒឰط݁ڶඈೈঞհᔞشΔٍܛᅝࠃԳլ࣍৵္֘࣍ ဪܒհԲጟܒឰطհ്80ΖլመΔભഏรԲڻऄ৳ᖞᒳঞઌ֘࣍รԫ ڻऄ৳ᖞᒳऱمΔᎁऄೃڕএഗ࣍Բጟܒឰط܂ګဪܒΔڼԲጟ ط݁ױᗑمך։֭ဪܒհᓵΔঞᇠဪܒհԲጟط݁ॺެࡳࢤհط ΰٍܛᇠٚԫط݁ॺဪܒࢬؘα81Ζભഏூࠏڇ 1970 ڣאছٍભഏร 77 ୖـඵችౢݤଣ97 ԃࡋՉນӷಃ 79 ဦղ،Ƕ 78 ୖـѠчଯՉࡹݤଣ96 ԃࡋນӷಃ 1327 ဦղ،Ƕ 79 ୖـඵችౢݤଣ98 ԃࡋ҇ນӷಃ 28 ဦղ،Ƕ 80
RESTATEMENT (FIRST)OF JUDGMENTS § 68 cmt. n (1942).
81
ԫڻऄ৳ᖞᒳհߠᇞΔլመΔڇHalpern v. Schwartz82ԫூΔঞᎁছԫဪܒ ڕএഗ࣍ԲጟࢨԲጟאՂᗑمհᖗԫطΔঞٚԫطྤඈೈঞհᔞشΔ ٍܛ࣍৵္༉ᇠᖗԫհط݁٦ञച83Ζࠡەၦএڕছ္ऄೃᒔ ॾࠡխհᖗԫطբߩא֭ဪܒհᓵឰΔঞࠡ༉ԫᖗԫطլᄎൎࠫװ ܂ᣤऱᐉΖ؆Δط࣍ᖗԫऱط݁ױᗑم֭ছ္ဪܒऱᓵΔঞኙ ࠡխհԫऱطᙑᎄऱᣤᐉലլ࿇سΖڂඓ္հԫֱܛࠌ࿇ᓤᑇञ រࠡխհԫڶࢬᙑᎄΔ܀ڂࠡהञរऱᓵឰսߩאፂဪܒऱᓵΔඓ္ ऱԫֱኙܒឰᙑᎄऱञរՈڶ༼ದՂ္հᎈڂ84ΖHalpern v. Schwartz ூ ԫࠠਐᑑრᆠհܒެΔࠡ৵ભഏຝ։ऄೃ֗รԲڻऄ৳ᖞᒳࢬආش85Ζط ࣍ભഏچ߲ಱՂ္ऄೃኙᓤᑇञរਢܡ݁ڶञរඈೈհᔞشΔߠᇞآԫ ીΔٍ֧ದᖂृऱಘᓵ86Ζط࣍ભഏรԲڻऄ৳ᖞ᧯ᒳ༉ञរඈೈঞڇร 28 යڶ٨ᜰᑇႈࠏ؆ൣݮΔբᓿղऄೃဪၦᦞ87ΖڂڼΔڶᖂृ৬ᤜΔᝩ ܍ञរඈೈঞऱᔞشທګլֆؓൣݮွΔᚨױطऄࡴەၦছᐉհञរਢ ܡբך։ᐉΔࢨञរඈೈঞհᔞشਢܡທګլֆؓۖ܂ᔞᅝհဪၦ88Ζ ݺഏཕᐝತขூٙڶயࢤञᤜᓤᑇञរհᐉΔኔ೭Ղ܂ऄڶڂႛᐉ ࠡխհԫञរܛױሒګܒឰհᓵΔܛ༉ࠡ塒ञរլ٦ףאᐉߒΙٍڶ༉ᓤ ᑇञរ݁ղᐉߒհൣݮΔբڕছ૪Ζ༉ছृհᐉֱڤۖߢΔञរඈೈঞ ႛױᔞش࣍ᄐᆖᐉհञរΔۖլ֗࣍آףᐉߒհञរࡐլৱߢΖ༉৵ृհ 82
Halpern v. Schwartz, 426 F.2d 102 (2d Cir. 1970).
83
Id. at 106.
84
Id. at 105-06.
85
See, e.g., Ritter v. Mount St. Mary’s College, 814 F.2d 986 (4th Cir. 1987); Magnus
Elec-tronics, Inc. v. La Republica Argentina, 830 F.2d 1396 (7th Cir. 1987).
86
See Lucas, supra note 49; Howard M. Erichson, Interjurisdictional Preclusion, 96 MICH. L. REV. 945 (1998); E. William Stockmeyer, Res Judicata Effects of Unappealed,
Independ-ently Sufficient Alternative Determinations, 70 CORNELL L. REV. 717 (1985). 87
Supra note 48, §§ 27-28.
88
See Monica Renee Brownewell, Rethinking the Restatement View (Again!): Multiple Inde-pendent Holdings and the Doctrine of Issue Preclusion, 37 VAL. U. L. REV. 879, 925 (2003).
ᐉֱڤۖߢΔছԫဪܒڕএഗ࣍ԲጟࢨԲጟאՂᗑمط݁܂ܒެᓵ հࠉᖕΔঞژڇছ္ऄೃᒔॾࠡխհᖗԫطբߩא֭ဪܒհᓵឰΔ༉ ԫᖗԫطᐉለլᣤΔࢨڂඓ္հԫֱܛࠌ࿇ᓤᑇञរࠡխհԫڶࢬ ᙑᎄΔ܀ڂࠡהञរऱᓵឰսߩאፂဪܒऱᓵΔඓ္ऱԫֱኙܒឰᙑ ᎄऱञរլࠠ༼ದՂ္հᎈڂΔࠌኙࠡהञរᓵឰڇސᚰᗧࢨඑᛎຜຕ ሎشآؘך։Ζط࣍ञរඈೈᔞشኙᅝࠃԳ္࿓ݧᦞ墿ᐙለՕΔ࣍ᓤᑇ ञរհூٙᣊীᐉխΔڇছᐉհञរਢܡբך։ᐉΔࢨञរඈೈঞհ ᔞشਢܡທګլֆؓսڶጊᐞΔᅃભഏऄ٣৵լٵհߠᇞ֗ᖂृհऄΔ ৵ृᐉֱڤञរඈೈঞհᔞشۿࡵ٦ᐉშေ۷Ζ
4.6 ತຘրȞFinal Judgmentȟ
89ᇄތᘈ௶ଶ
ञរඈೈঞٙխΔץਔႊᇠञរᄐᆖึݝဪܒܒឰመհٙΖԫ ࢬᘯึݝဪܒឈএਐچֱऄೃՂ္Ղ္ᐉऱဪܒ90Δ܀ञរඈೈঞհ ึݝဪܒհٙࠀլૻ࣍Ղ္Ղ္ᐉऱဪܒΔࡳᆠᒤለᐖ91Ζञរඈೈ ঞᔞشՂࢬጠհึݝဪܒኔᎾૻսژڇլࣔᒔհൣݮΔࠏڕΔڇՂ္ᢀ ᥆խऱூٙΕࡉᇞூٙࢨኙعᓮറܓᒤᇞᤩհխၴဪܒհञរհܒឰਢܡ ڶञរඈೈᔞشΔլྤጊᆠ92ΖڂڼΔڇەભഏऄञរඈೈঞழ༉Ղၲ ംᠲٍᚨףא൶ߒΖભഏऄூࠏኙ࣍ছ္ဪܒ᜕սڇՂ္࿓ݧխΔছ္ဪܒ ऱطᓵឰױᔞشञរඈೈঞএ्ࡳߠᇞ93ΖڂڼΔભഏञរඈೈঞ 89 28 U.S.C.A § 1291 (1995). 90 See id. 91See John Morrell & Co. v. Local Union 304A of United Food and Commercial Workers,
AFL-CIO, 913 F.2d 544, 563 (8th Cir. 1990) (“[F]inality for purpose of appeal under section 1291 is not necessarily the finality that is required for issue preclusion purposes.”).
92
See Bradley & Kubasta, supra note 45, at 333.
93
See Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. v. Mylan Pharm., Inc., 170 F.3d 1373, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 1999);
Mendenhall v. Barber-Greene Co., 26 F.3d 1573, 1578 (Fed. Cir. 1994) (“Appellants’ posi-tion is that under the precedent of this court, the defense of collateral estoppel based on a
հᔞشࠀլૻ࣍ছ္ဪܒᄐբᒔࡳΔࠡᔞشᒤᏅᐖΖࠡڻΔࡉᇞூٙਢܡ ڶञរඈೈᔞشംᠲΔط࣍ࡉᇞխհञរڕᔞشञរඈೈঞലທګᅝࠃԳ ᐫ࣍ࡉᇞΔᅝࠃԳٍױ౨ഗ࣍ࡉᇞڂΔۖآ༉ࡉᇞխऱञរ܂ך։ސᚰ ᗧΖڂڼΔԫߠᇞᎁࡉᇞூٙࠀլᔞشञរඈೈঞ94Ζ܀ਢڕ࣠ᅝ ࠃԳ࣍ࡉᇞխڶრኙ࣍ࡳञរڶඈೈঞհᔞشΔঞऄೃٍڶ༉ᇠञរᔞ شඈೈঞհൣݮ95Ζ۟࣍խၴဪܒΰInterlocutory JudgmentαΔط࣍լױ ᗑլࣚΔਢܡڶඈೈঞᔞشΔऄೃၴঞڶլٵऄΔ܀Օຝ։ऄೃᎁլࠠ ඈೈঞհயԺ96ΖԾᣂ࣍ছ္༉عᓮറܓᒤᇞᤩञរհطܒឰΔᖂृ ڶᎁڇ৵္ױ്ᔞشञរඈೈ97ΖլመΔભഏऄᣂ࣍عᓮറܓᒤհᇞᤩ ڶ Markman Hearing ࿓ݧ98Δऄೃ࣍ Markman Hearing ࿓ݧᣂ࣍عᓮറܓᒤ հᇞᤩΔኙ࣍৵္ਢܡ݁ڶඈೈঞհᔞشΔսڶլٵऄ99ΖMarkman Hearing ࿓ݧࢬᒔࡳհعᓮറܓհᇞᤩΔࠃኔՂՈਢԫጟխၴဪܒΔࡸৱ৵ᥛ ჾ୭ᓽᚍऱᐉܒ࿓ݧΖऄೃለႜٻլᔞشඈೈঞΔ܀ࠀॺڂࠡॺึݝဪܒ ܛݙ٤լ౨ᔞشΔૹរսڇ࣍ڇ Markman Hearing ࢬආ࠷ऱᐉܒֱڤਢܡߩ ࠌᅝࠃԳך։ᦫᐉ100Ζط࣍ Markman Hearing ࿓ݧެࡳᣂ࣍عᓮറܓ ᒤᇞᤩऱംᠲΔᅝࠃԳױ౨ᆖط Markman Hearing ࿓ݧᒔࡳعᓮറܓᒤ
patent invalidity judgment in another case may be raised at any time during the pendency of proceedings, even for the first time on appeal.”).
94
Supra note 48, § 27 cmt. e; Foster v. Hallco Mfg. Co., 947 F.2d 469, 480 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
95
See Bradley & Kubasta, supra note 45, at 335.
96
See Seth Nesin, The Benefits of Applying Issue Preclusion to Interlocutory Judgments in Cases that Settle, 76 N.Y.U. L. REV. 874, 887 (2001); Rachel Clark Hughey, RF Delaware, Inc. v. Pacific Keystone Technologies, Inc.: The Federal Circuit Has Finally Spoken on Collateral Estoppel of Claim Interpretation, 20 SANTA CLARA COMPUTER & HIGH TECH. L.J. 293, 303 (2004).
97
See Bradley & Kubasta, supra note 45, at 333.
98
ୖـቅۘדǴඟຏ35Ǵ। 206-245Ƕ
99
See Bradley & Kubasta, supra note 45, at 337.
100
ᇞᤩ৵ܛሒګࡉᇞΔڕᏜ֏چԫ৳ᎁ Markman Hearing ࿓ݧࢬެࡳᣂ࣍ عᓮറܓᒤᇞᤩኙ৵္ڶञរඈঞհᔞشΔലທګᅝࠃԳᐫ࣍ࡉᇞհ༃ யᚨ101ΖڂڼΔڶᖂृ֗ᜤ߶߲ಱՂ္ऄೃܛᎁΔञរඈೈঞऱᔞشૹ រਢኙञរඈೈᔞشኙွਢܡղך։ֆؓऱᖲᄎၞ۩ञΔۖॺছ္ᦞ ܓڶயࢤհطਢܡإᒔ102Ζ
4.7
ω๖
ભഏञរඈೈঞհᔞشױሒࠩΚ1.ڇፂ္ᅝࠃԳֆؓՀ༼ऄ ऱயΙ2.ᝩ܍ऄဪܒࣴฆऱܺ࿖Ι3.ᆃַٵԫञរૹᓤ༼ದאᏺףऄ࿓ ݧऱڜࡳࢤ103ΖڇٙՂਢᇠञរڇছԫ္ᄐᆖึݝဪܒኔᔆܒឰΔ ᇠञរኙᇠึݝဪܒհܒឰਢؘऱΔ֠ࠡञរඈೈᔞشհኙွམڶך։ ֆؓऱᖲᄎױאސᚰᗧΔۖࠡᔞشٍղऄೃઌᅝऱဪၦᦞΖط࣍ભഏ ऄञរඈೈঞ࣍اࠃॿᦞ္֗ڶኙທ٦ᐉ္࿓ݧၴ݁ױᔞشΔլ ૻ࣍ᅝࠃԳၴΔኙছ္א؆հรԿԳٍགشञរඈೈঞΖۖݺഏञរய ᔞش္࣍ᅝࠃԳၴࡨ്104Ζೈاࠃ္ፖ۩ਙ္ڼၴࠀྤञ រயհᔞش؆Δ۩ਙᖲᣂ۩ਙ։հࣅޔԺΔႛૻ࣍ࠡࠠ᧯ଡூ۩ਙࠃٙΔ ࠀྤࣅޔऄೃհயԺ105Ζ္ᣋެࡳᒔࡳ৵Δ༉ࠡࠃٙΔࡐڶࣅޔٺᖲᣂհய Ժΰ္ᣋऄร 95 යࡳαΔ܀ࠀྤࣅޔऄೃհயԺ106Ζཕᐝತขூٙᐉ าঞร33 ය༉ञរயംᠲழࢬᚨᐉ಼հڂైΔឈբ༼قኔ᧯Ղᚨەၦऱ ڂైΔբሀ။լٵհ္ࠃٙΔլመΔսႛૻ࣍ছ္এاࠃ္հᒔࡳܒ 101 See id. at 342. 102Id.; Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. v. Mylan Pharm., Inc., 170 F.3d 1373, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 1999).
103
See McDavit, supra note 53, at 50.
104 ҇٣ղ،аЬЎ܌ᡉҢޣۈԖࡽղΚǴղ،җჹݾᗺϐᇡۓǴܭ٣Γ໔ᗨԖݾ ᗺਏϐୢᚒǴՠۘόғࡽղΚǴჹ٣ΓаѦϐಃΟΓ٠คܥ״ΚǶୖـനଯՉࡹ ݤଣ96 ԃࡋղӷಃ 820 ဦղ،Ƕ 105 ୖـനଯՉࡹݤଣ91 ԃࡋղӷಃ 1826 ဦղ،Ƕ 106 ୖـനଯՉࡹݤଣ95 ԃࡋղӷಃ 1465 ဦղ،Ƕ
ެΔ༉ኔ᧯Ղᚨەၦऱڂైᐉ಼࣠հऄ৳யԺٍآףאࣔࡳΖઌለհ ՀΔભഏऄञរඈೈঞլૻ္࣍ጟᣊΔլᓵছ္ਢܡᄐբᒔࡳΔࠡ౨ ሒ္ࠩᆖᛎ֗ᝩ܍ဪܒࣴฆࢬױ࿇ཀհ܂شΔ᧩ለഏփ۩ञរயᓵ ՕΖݺഏཕᐝತขூٙᐉาঞ༉ञរயംᠲழࢬᚨᐉ಼հڂైΔឈբ ༼قኔ᧯ՂᚨەၦऱڂైΔ܀ڇឩՕᚨشञរயழΔڶᣂભഏऄञរඈೈ ঞᔞشழΔࢬൎᓳᅝࠃԳڇ္࿓ݧՂΔኙސᚰᗧֱऄࢨञរࢬ౨༼נ ്ऱך։֗ֆؓञᖲᄎΔܛ္࿓ݧᦞհך։অᎽΔٍᚨףאૹီΔթ౨ ڇ္ᆖᛎΕᝩ܍ဪܒࣴฆፖᅝࠃԳ္࿓ݧᦞঅᎽၴ࠷ؓᘝΖ
5. !"#$%&'(&)*+&,-./0
12
5.1
සኋӗٱᇄҕٱٱӇຘրݢ୰ᚠ
ڇཕᐝತขᦞञചխΔاࠃ္ፖ٩ࠃூٙڕএٺܑದ္ΔڇاΕ٩ࠃ ္խΔᣂ࣍ٵԫཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤհञചΔլٵ္࿓ݧհᐉΔऄೃڇ ᎁࡳՂឈڶױ౨࿇سܒឰࣴฆൣࠃΔ܀ڂاࠃΕ٩ࠃ္ٺࠉࠡլٵ္࿓ ݧ֗ᢞᖕऄঞ܂ګܒឰΔڕྤאڼհܒެ܂ܒឰഗ៕հᣂএژڇΔঞٺ ᇠܒឰڕ࿇سࣴฆൣࠃΔএഗ࣍اࠃࠃٙፖ٩ࠃூٙլٵ္࿓ݧ֗ᢞᖕऄ ঞኙԫࠃኔ֗ᢞᖕ്ጵٽܒឰࢬીΔۿᚨ༇ૹࠡٺ۞ܒឰհ࣠Δۖլࡵ אࠡܒឰհࣴฆᐙڼܒެհயԺ107Ζ۟࣍ཕᐝತข٩ࠃூٙհॵاࠃ ္ΔೈรԫΕԲᐉऄೃᘱवጥᝤᙑᎄΕฝಬΔא֗รԿᐉऄೃࠉ٩ࠃ္ ऄร 508 ය۟ร 511 යဪܒृ؆Δٺᐉ్٩ࠃऄೃ༉ॵاࠃ္ΔঞՂ ᚨ۞ဪܒ108ΖԾڂॵاࠃ္հܒެΔᚨא٩ࠃ္ࢬᎁࡳհࠃኔ ᖕ109ΖڂڼΔॵاࠃ္ፖ٩ࠃூٙᣂ࣍ᅝࠃԳ༉ٵԫཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤ 107 ୖـӉ٣ນݤಃ420 చಃ 1 ಃ 4 ීǵ҇٣ນݤಃ 496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ීǶ 108 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩݤಃ27 చǶ 109 ୖـӉ٣ນݤಃ500 చǶհᎁࡳΔঞՂᚨࡸլીขسࣴฆംᠲΖ
5.2
සኋӗٱਰӇȃࢇٱӇԤਝܒրᘞᄇҳ୰ᚠ
ཕᐝತข٩ࠃூٙڕ௫֗ཕᐝತขᦞڶயࢤհܒឰΔൄߠृᚨ᥆ሔ֘ ᑑऄ٩ࠃூٙΔ࣍ཕᐝತขऄೃጥᝤรԲᐉ္խ࿇سᣂ࣍ᑑᦞڶྤᚨ ᔭڂհञച110Ζᑑऄร 81 යΕร 82 ය։ܑࡳॿ୭ုםᑑհ٩ࠃ ፆΔঞ࣍ᑑऄ٩ࠃூٙࢬॿ୭հုםᑑڶயࢤڕڶञᤜΔܛױ౨࿇سཕ ᐝತข٩ࠃூٙፖ۩ਙࠃٙڶᣂᑑᦞڶயࢤܒឰኙمհംᠲΖࠉཕᐝತข ூٙᐉऄร30 යᄷشٵऄร 16 යร 1 ႈհࡳΔᑑ٩ࠃூٙᅝࠃԳڕ ്ࢨݼᑑڶᚨᔭࢨᐒַհڂΔ٩ࠃூٙऄೃ༉ᇠ്ڶྤطᚨ ۞ܒឰΖ࣍٩ࠃܒެᎁᅝࠃԳ്ࢨݼᑑڶᚨᔭࢨᐒַհڂྤ طΔۖᇠ٩ࠃܫڶᆞհܒެൣݮՀΔڕࠡ৵ᇠᑑᦞᆖᔭΔঞኙڶᆞ հ٩ࠃܒެױܡᖕא༼ದ٦ᐉΛլྤጊംΖ ਊ٩ࠃ္ऄร 420 යڶᣂڶᆞᒔࡳܒެΔ࠹ܒެԳհܓ墿հ٦ᐉࠃ طࠀآץਔܒެࢬᖇհ۩ਙ։բᆖᒔࡳဪܒ᧢ޓڼԫࠃطΔঞᑑ٩ࠃ ܫᆖڶᆞܒެΔᇠ٩ࠃܒެࢬࠉᖕհᑑᦞΔႳ৵ڕբᆖᔭࢨᆖ᧢ޓΔ ۿྤൕאᑑᦞᔡᔭհࠃኔ܂٦ᐉطΖԾط࣍٩ࠃ္এࠉ٩ࠃூٙ ऄೃ۞۩ᎁࡳհᢞᖕ܂ګܒެΔ౨ܡאႳ৵ᑑᦞᔡᔭհࠃኔΔ്࿇ ᒔኔհᄅᢞᖕ܂٦ᐉطΔٍڶጊᆠ111Ζ 110 ճݤǵᑈᡏႝၡႝၡѲֽߥៈݤǵނࠔᅿϷᅿभݤ֡คӉ٣ҍϐೀᆦǴԶ բݤǵᔼஏݤǵϦѳҬܰݤ܌ߥៈϐճόаԖϐՉࡹೀϩࣁගǴӀ ᅷᆅచٯϐӉ٣ೀᆦᆶӀᅷϐᇙ࣬ᜢǴᆶඵችౢϐԖਏ܄คᜢǶӢԜǴନ ѦǴځдඵችౢ՟ϿԖӉ٣ਢҹύݾඵችౢԖਏ܄ϐୢᚒวғǶ 111 Ӊ٣ນݤಃ 420 చಃ 1 ಃ 6 ී܌ᆀวዴჴϐཥᏵǴჴ୍߯ࡰ٣ჴቩݤଣ ղ،ਔςӸӧǴջ٣ჴቩݤଣܭղ،Ӣ҂วǴόϷፓǴԿځࡕۈՉว Ǵωڀ჻ཥ܄ǹऩղ،ς٣Γගр܈ᖂፎፓϐᏵǴচቩݤଣ௭కό ௦ޣǴջߚวཥᏵǶோԖᏢޣࡰрǴ܌Ԗচ٣ჴቩݤଣܭղ،ਔᗺ܌ςޕԶ҂ ϒཤଜϐᏵǴхࡴᏵၗᆶᏵБݤǴӄڀԖ჻ཥ܄ǶԿܭᏵҗՖΓวԫጟൣݮΔঞ࣍٩ࠃܒެᎁᅝࠃԳ്ࢨݼᑑڶᚨᔭࢨᐒ ַհڂڶطΔࠡ۞ܒឰհ࣠ᎁᇠ٩ࠃܫᚨྤᆞհܒެΖ࣍ ڼൣݮΔڕࠡ৵ᇠᑑᦞࠀآᆖ۩ਙ္ܒެᔭΔঞኙྤᆞհ٩ࠃܒެױ ܡᖕא༼ದ٦ᐉΖਊ٩ࠃ္ऄร 422 යڶᣂྤᆞᒔࡳܒެ࠹ܒެԳհլ ܓ墿հ٦ᐉࠃطΔࠀլץਔՂ૪٩ࠃ္ፖ۩ਙ္ܒឰࣴฆհڂࠃطΖ ڂڼΔᑑ٩ࠃூٙܫᆖ࠹٩ࠃூٙऄೃ༉ᑑڶயࢤ۞ܒឰ࣠Δ ۖྤᆞܒެհᘱवΔᇠᑑᦞႳ৵ڕ࣍۩ਙ္࿓ݧآᆖᔭࢨᆖ᧢ޓΔ ۿྤൕኙᑑ٩ࠃூٙհྤᆞܒެ༼ದ٦ᐉΖԾڂ٩ࠃ္এࠉཕᐝತขூ ٙᐉऄร 30 යᄷشٵऄร 16 යร 1 ႈհࡳΔ༉ᑑڶྤᚨᔭհڂ ۞ܒឰΖڂڼΔ౨ܡא٩ࠃܒެፖ۩ਙ္ܒឰհࣴฆ࣠Δ്࿇ᒔ ኔհᄅᢞᖕ܂٦ᐉطΔսڶጊᆠ112Ζ ٩ࠃூٙᣂ࣍ࠃኔհ്֗ᢞᖕհ࠷ඍএආشለᣤհᢞᖕऄঞΔ٩ ࠃحᆞאፆਚრঞΔፖاࠃॿᦞ۩ჾ୭ᓽᚍຂٚঞՂץਔਚრΕ መ؈ृլٵ113Ε114 ΖڂڼΔ٩ࠃூٙፖ۩ਙࠃٙ༉ٵԫࠃኔ֗ᢞᖕհܒឰข سࣴฆհڂΔױ౨এڂᢞᖕऄঞհլٵࢨࠡהڂైΔاࠃፖ۩ਙဪܒࣴฆ ழᇞެհֱڤآؘ݁ױ࣍٩ࠃூٙழףאགشΖڼطཕᐝತขூٙᐉ าঞร28 යร 2 ႈႛࡳاࠃፖ۩ਙࠃٙ༉ٵԫࠃኔ֗ᢞᖕᄐᆖܒឰ৵լ ٦۩്հൣݮΔۖլ֗٩ࠃூٙΔۿբߠല٩ࠃூٙፖاࠃΕ۩ਙࠃٙ܂ ǵݤଣ߃όޕޑচӢՖӧǴᏵࢂցܭղ،ਔςӸӧǴаϷڙղ،Γࢂց όޕǴ֡ߚ܌ୢǶୖـ݅✎ǴӉ٣ນݤȐΠȑǴ।418-422Ȑ2007ȑǶ 112 ᏢޣᡕউᇡࣁǴӉ٣ນ٠คӵ҇٣ນݤಃ496 చಃ 1 ಃ 11 ීϐೕۓǴӢԜ ӵวғᇡۓݔ౦ਔǴளаวዴჴཥᏵࣁҗǴ٩Ӊ٣ນݤϐ࣬ᜢೕۓᖂፎӆ ቩǶୖـᡕউǴȨճߟນճԖਏ܄ୢᚒϐೀȩǴљݤڬтǴಃ 1331 යǴಃ3 ހǴຏ 18Ǵ2007 ԃ 3 Д 29 ВǶ 113 ٯӵӉ٣ນݤಃ 154 చಃ 2 ೕۓǺȨҍ٣ჴᔈ٩ᏵᇡۓϐǴคᏵόளᇡ ۓҍ٣ჴǶȩӕݤಃ 155 చಃ 2 ೕۓǺȨคᏵૈΚǵ҂ӝݤፓϐᏵǴ όளբࣁղᘐϐ٩ᏵǶȩ 114 ୖـӉݤಃ12 చǵ҇ݤಃ 184 చಃ 1 ࢤǶ
ሶհጤଧΖࠃኔՂΔط࣍ᑑ٩ࠃூٙհܫԫאُকᏝଖհထ ټᑑࡺڍΔُকृᄎञചᇠထټᑑհုםࠠڶױᔭհڂृለլൄ ߠΖထټᑑڕբڇഏփုםΔࠉࠡ९ཚࠌشհࠃኔΔُকृڇ٩ࠃூٙ ്ᇠထټᑑհုםڶᔭհڂΔۖᄎ٩ࠃஅऄೃආॾհױ౨ࢤٍ ᚨլΖڂڼΔཕᐝತข٩ࠃூٙΕ۩ਙࠃٙڇኔ೭Ղᄎขسڶயࢤܒឰࣴ ฆհणउۿլૉاࠃΕ۩ਙ္ࠃٙհࣔ᧩Ζ
6. !"#$%&#'()
6.1
සኋҕٱٱӇ
ᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃ္խ༉ཕᐝತขᦞڶྤᚨᔭΕᐒַհڂհ് ࢨݼΔএ᥆္࿓ݧސᚰΕᗧֱऄΔᅝࠃԳڕڶრቹዩ္Δࢨڂૹ Օመ؈ማழࡨ۩༼נۖڶᡶ္հึृΔࠉاࠃ္ऄร 196 යร 2 ႈ ࡳΔऄೃᏍڃհΖۖམ۩ᄷໂ࿓ݧհࠃٙΔآ࣍ᄷໂ࿓ݧխ്ࢨݼ ृΔೈڶاࠃ္ऄร 276 යร 1 ႈհೈ؆ࡳ؆Δ࣍ᄷໂ࿓ݧ৵հߢဲ ᓵլ٦۩്ΖԾᣂ࣍ཕᐝತขᦞᚨղᔭࢨᐒַհސᚰࢨᗧֱऄΔآ ࣍รԫᐉ്ࢨݼΔೈڶاࠃ္ऄร 447 යร 1 ႈ܀ࡳհࠃط؆Δ ࣍Ղ္ᐉᚨٍլ٦۩്115Ζڶംᠲृএ࣍ཕᐝತขاࠃ္խΔᅝࠃԳ ༉ཕᐝತขᦞڶᚨᔭΕᐒַհސᚰΕᗧֱऄۖآףא്ࢨݼΔঞ࣍ ᇠاࠃܒެᒔࡳ৵Δ౨ܡࠉاࠃ္ऄร496 යร 1 ႈร 13 ཱིࡳΔא࿇ آᆖᄄ಼հ֧ᢞᢞᖕࢨࠌشᇠ֧ᢞᢞᖕۖ܂٦ᐉհطΔլྤጊᆠΖ ਊاࠃ္࣍ࠃኔᐉߢဲᓵึছࢬآ౨༼נհސᚰᗧֱऄΔ݁࠹ ᒔࡳܒެயԺհࣅޔΔլ࣍ܒឰᒔࡳ৵٦۩്ΔܛࢬᘯᔟឰயΖࢬᘯ ᅝࠃԳ࿇ߠآᆖᄄ಼հᢞढࢨࠌشᇠᢞढΔএਐڇছ္࿓ݧլवڶᇠᢞ ढΔࡨवհΔࢨឈवڶڼᢞढۖլ౨ࠌشΔࡨࠌشृۖߢ116ΖڂڼΔ 115 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ33 చǶ 116 ୖـനଯݤଣ32 ԃӷಃ 1247 ဦղٯǶڕ࣍ছ္࿓ݧᛀ֧ᢞᢞᖕآጐࠡᚨጐհࣹრۖڶመ؈Δࡸॺ᥆ٵයร 1 ႈ܀ࢬਐψवࠡࠃطۖլ്ωհൣݮΔۿॺլࠉاࠃ္ऄร 496 යร1 ႈร 13 ཱི༼ದ٦ᐉհ္Ζࠉاࠃ္ऄร 196 යΕร 276 යร 1 ႈΕ ร 447 යร 1 ႈࡳΔ࣍ཕᐝತขᦞᚨղᔭࢨᐒַհސᚰࢨᗧֱऄᚨᔞ ழ༼נΔܡঞࠉՂၲऄයࡳല࿇س؈ᦞய࣠Ζڕ္࣍ᒔࡳ৵٦ւࠡא࿇ ࠌشᇠ֧ᢞᢞᖕΔ്ཕᐝತขᦞڶྤயհڂۖᖕ٦ᐉհطΔല ࠌՂၲऄයࡳհ؈ᦞய࣠ݮٵဠΔᚨॺمऄհءრΖ ࠃኔՂΔᣂ࣍լٵ֧ᢞᢞᖕױᗑمࢨፖছ္࿓ݧ֧ᢞᢞᖕٽࠓشΔ ݁এݮګᢞࣔཕᐝತขᦞڶྤயڂհլٵᗑمސᚰᗧֱऄΔۖॺٵԫސ ᚰᗧֱऄհᇖൎᢞᖕΖڂڼΔڕ࣍اࠃ္ᒔࡳ৵࿇ࠌشհ֧ᢞᢞᖕ ױᗑمࢨፖছ္࿓ݧ֧ᢞᢞᖕٽࠓشΔشא്ཕᐝತขᦞڶྤயृΔ ۿࡵᎁڼ݁এᗑمհސᚰᗧֱऄۖլ࣍ᇠூ٦۩്Δ۞ٍլ܂ᇠ ᒔࡳاࠃܒެ٦ᐉհطΖ
6.2
සኋࢇٱӇ
ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 33 යร 1 ႈࡳΔᣂ࣍ᔭΕᐒַᑑုםࢨ ᔭറܓᦞհ۩ਙ္խΔᅝࠃԳ࣍ߢဲᓵึছΔ༉ٵԫᔭࢨᐒַ ط༼נհᄅᢞᖕΔཕᐝತขऄೃսᚨᐉ಼հΖᇠऄයࢬਐٵԫᔭࢨᐒַ طᚨএਐٵԫᑑฆᤜΕေࡳΕറܓᜰ࿇ࢨᐒַعᓮհࠃطᒤփΔཕᐝತ ขऄೃ༉ᅝࠃԳࢬ༼נհᢞᖕսᚨףאᐉ಼ۖߢΖࠏڕΔറܓᜰ࿇ூ്ٵ ԫլࠠၞޡࢤറܓٙհٵԫറܓᦞᔭطΔࢨᑑေࡳூ്ٵԫᑑ ऄร23 යร 1 ႈร 13 ཱིլုםհٵԫᑑᦞᔭط117Ζ ཕᐝತขூٙᐉऄร 33 යࡳؾऱڇ࣍ᝩ܍۩റܓऄᜰ࿇Գ༉ছ ۩ਙ္խآ౨༼נհᄅᢞᖕΔսኙٵԫറܓᦞ٦ᜰ࿇Δࠀڂհس ԫ۩ਙञ࿓ݧΔીࠌٵԫറܓᦞڶயࢤञᤜΔ࿇سڍڻհ۩ਙञΔᣄ 117 ୖـљݤଣጓǴඟຏ11Ǵ। 40Ǵಃ 43 ߾ǶאึݝᒔࡳΔ۟ᐙઌᣂاΕ٩ࠃ္հึ118Ζᣂ࣍ᔭΕᐒַᑑု םࢨᔭറܓᦞհ۩ਙ္խΔᅝࠃԳ࣍ߢဲᓵึছΔ༉ٵԫᔭࢨᐒ ַհطᒤփࢬ༼נհᄅᢞᖕΔࠉছࢬ૪Δཕᐝತขऄೃឈᚨףאᐉ಼Ζ ܀ᅝࠃԳრቹዩ္ΔࢨڂૹՕመ؈Δآࠉ္ၞ۩࿓৫Δ࣍ߢဲᓵึ ছհᔞᅝழཚ༼נᄅᢞᖕΔۖڶᡶ္հึृΔऄೃսࠉ۩ਙ္ऄ ร132 යᄷشاࠃ္ऄร 196 යร 2 ႈࡳᏍڃհ119ΖڶംᠲऱਢΔᅝࠃ Գ࣍ছڻ۩ਙ္࿓ݧխ༉ٵԫᔭࢨᐒַطឈآ༼נཕᐝತขᦞᔭΕ ᐒַհᄅᢞᖕΔࠡਢܡױאᇠᄅᢞᖕூ༉ᇠཕᐝತขᦞ༼ದေࡳΕᜰ࿇ࢨ ᐒַூհ۩ਙञΛ ਊᑑऄร 40 යࡳΔᑑհုםሔ֘ร 23 යร 1 ႈࢨร 59 යร 4 ႈࡳհൣݮृΔٚ۶Գ۞ᑑုםֆܫհֲದԿଡִփΔٻᑑറຂᖲ ᣂ༼נฆᤜΙร50 යࡳΔᑑုםሔ֘ร 23 යร 1 ႈࢨร 59 යร 4 ႈ ࡳհൣݮृΔܓ୭ᣂএԳࢨᐉԳعᓮࢨ༼ᓮᑑറຂᖲᣂေࡳࠡု םΙԾࠉറܓऄร 67 යࡳΔٚ۶Գ༉࿇ࣔറܓሔ֘ٵऄร 21 ය۟ร 24 යΕร 26 යΕร 31 යࢨร 49 යร 4 ႈࡳृΔॵࠠᢞᖕ༼ದᜰ࿇120Ζ ڂڼΔᑑฆᤜΕေࡳΕറܓᜰ࿇հعᓮԳ༉ٺᇠཕᐝತขᦞΔࠉᑑऄΕ റܓऄհࡳΔኙᑑΕറܓറຂᖲᣂ༉ࠡฆᤜΕေࡳΕᜰ࿇հعᓮ݁ڶֆ ऄՂᓮޣᦞΔᇠֆऄՂᓮޣᦞհܡܛݮګԫ۩ਙ္ᓰղᆠ೭္հ္ ᑑऱ121Ζ ٦ࠉᑑऄร 48 යࡳΔᆖመฆᤜᒔࡳ৵հုםᑑΔٚ۶Գլ༉ ٵԫࠃኔΕٵԫᢞᖕ֗ٵԫطعᓮေࡳΙٵऄร55 යࡳΔေࡳூٙᆖေ ެ৵Δٚ۶ԳլאٵԫࠃኔΕٵԫᢞᖕ֗ٵԫطعᓮေࡳΙറܓऄร 67 යร 4 ႈࡳΔᜰ࿇ூᆖᐉլګمृΔٚ۶Գլאٵԫࠃኔ֗ٵԫᢞᖕ 118 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩݤಃ33 చҥݤҗǶ 119 ୖـඵችౢਢҹቩಒ߾ಃ40 చಃ 1 Ƕ 120 ճݤಃ107 చ൩ཥࠠճǵಃ 128 చಃ 2 ൩ཥԄኬճҭԖᜪ՟ೕۓǶ 121 ᜢܭፐаက୍ນϐນޑǴୖـഋीتǴՉࡹນݤញፕǴ।215Ȑ2000ȑǶ
