National Sun Yat-sen University Institutional Repository:Item 987654321/38869

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

低成本非均碳纖維單/雙極板之流場特性研究與使用於可攜

式電源的優點探討

中 華 民 國 95 年 11 月 2 日

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In this project heterogeneous bipolar plates developed in our fuel-cell lab are applied to pure hydrogen PEMFC (called HFC) stacks. The experimental methods are adopted to study the performance and characteristics of the cell under certain operational conditions. The gas pressures on the flow channel and the output voltage of each cell in several locations are measured to help us to understand their relationships. The flow characteristics of the gas reactants in these carbon-fiber bipolar plates can also be understood from these measurements.

A bipolar plate with the parallel or serpentine flow channel can be formed by properly arranging the carbon fiber bunches. However, if the oxidizer is air and only single inlet and outlet in cathode chamber are designed, the oxidizer can always not be supplied sufficiently in high power density. The experimental studies display that the output voltages of cells in the midstream or downstream are far below the output voltage in the upstream. The voltages of cells in the upstream is the highest, the next one is in the downstream, and the lowest one is located in the midstream due to accumulating of nitrogen. The insufficiency of oxidizer occurs more seriously in the parallel flow channel than that in serpentine flow channel in single inlet and outlet design. The distribution of current is not uniform especially near midstream, although this phenomenon can be improved by increasing the air inlet pressure. However, the problems are hard to solve in large MEA if we just increase the inlet pressure. Another strategy is needed to solve this problem.

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! ¯! ¢ƒ÷ø

1. Besmann, Ted, Klett, James, Henry, Jr.,John, and Lara-Curzio, Edgar, “Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate for PEM Fuel Cells,” ORNL, 1999.

2. Susai, T., Kawakami, A., Hamada, A., Miyake, Y., and Azegami, Y., “Development of a 1kW polymer electrolyte fuel cell power source,” Journal of Power Sources, 92, pp 131-138, 2001. 3. Wind, J., Spah, R., Kaiser, W., and Bohm, G., “Metallic Bipolar Plates for PEMFCs,” J. of

Power Sources, 105, pp. 256-260, 2002.

4. Hentall, P. L., Lakeman, J. B., Mesped, G. O., Adcock, P. L., Moor, J. M., “New Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Current Collectors,” J. Power Sources, 80, pp. 235-241, 1999.

5. S. Gamburzev, A. John Appleby,"Development of low-cost, light-weight construction material for gas flow fields and bipolar plates is a major hurdle for the broad commercialization of PEMFCs," Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 107, pp 5-12, 2002.

6. Brady, M.P., Weisbrod, K., Paulauskas, I., Buchanan, R.A., More, K.L., Wang, H., Wilson, M., Garzon, F., Walker, L.R., “Preferential Thermal Nitridation to Form Pin-hole Free Cr-nitrides to Protect Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Metallic Bipolar Plates,” Scripta Materialia

50, pp.1017-1022, 2004.

7. Makkus, R. C., Janssen, Arno H.H., De Bruijn, F. A., and Mallant, R. K.A.M., “Stainless Steel for Cost-competitive Bipolar Plates in PEMFC,” ECN, The Netherlands, Fuel Cells Bulletin No. 17, 2000.

8. Weng, D., Woodcock, G., and Rehg, T., “Low Cost, High Performance PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates,” Honeywell Int. Inc., Fuel Cell 2000 Seminar, U.S.A.

9. Murphy, O. J., Cisar, A., and Clarke, E., “Low-cost Light Weight High Power Density PEM Fuel Cell Stack,” Electrochimica Acta., 43(24), pp. 3829-3840, 1998.

10. Busick, D. N., and Wilson, M. S., 1999, “Low-Cost Composite Materials for PEFC Bipolar Plates,” Los Alamos National Laboratory, U.S.A., Fuel Cells Bulletin No. 5.

11. Besmann, T. M., Klett, J. W., Henry Jr., J.J., and Lara-Curzio, E., “Carbon/Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate for PEMFC,” J. of the Electrochemical Society, 147(11), pp. 4083-4086, 2000. 12. Mahlendorf, F., Niemzig, O., and Kreuz, C., “Low-Cost Bipolar Plate for PEMFC,” Fuel Cell

2000 Seminar at Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., pp.138-140, 2000.

13. Jousse, F. and Salas, J. F., “Development and Electrochemical Characterization of Bipolar Plates Based on Conductive Filled Polymers for PEMFC,” Fuel Cell 2000 Seminar at Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., pp.186-189, 2000.

14. Cho, E.A., Jeon, U. S., Ha, H.Y., Hong, S. A., Oh, I. H., “Characteristics of Composite Bipolar Plates for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells,” J. of Power Sources, 125, pp. 178-182, 2004.

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H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Flow Rate:45ml/min Room temperature 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Current Density (mA/cm2)

V ol ta ge (V ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Po w er D en si ty (m W /c m 2 ) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (a) Ÿ45,§UTU‰45ml/min H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Flow Rate:100ml/min Room temperature 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 0 100 200 300 400 500

Current Density (mA/cm2)

V ol ta ge (V ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Po w er D en si ty (m W /c m 2 ) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (b) Ÿ45,§UTU‰100ml/min H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Flow Rate:145ml/min Room temperature 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 0 100 200 300 400 500 Current Density (mA/cm2)

V ol ta ge (V ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 P ow er D en si ty (m W /c m 2 ) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (c) Ÿ45,§UTU‰145ml/min

À6 Ÿ45•@§UTU4‰ (a) 45ml/min (b) 100ml/min (c) 145ml/min¡,• lmŒ•lŽDjkÿl4£«»¼Rs Power Density Power Density Power Density Voltage Voltage Voltage

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H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Flow Rate:45ml/min

38 39 40 41 42 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Current Density (mA/cm2)

Pr es su re D ro p (P a) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (a) žŸ45,§UTU‰45ml/min,23Š‹»Ž‘; H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Floe Rate:100ml/min

44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Current Density (mA/cm2)

Pr es su re D ro p (P a) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (b) žŸ45,§UTU‰100ml/min,23Š‹»Ž‘; H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Floe Rate:145ml/min

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Current Density (mA/cm2)

Pr es su re D ro p (P a) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (c) žŸ45,§UTU‰145ml/min,23Š‹»Ž‘;

À7 žŸ45•@§UTU4‰ (a) 45ml/min (b) 100ml/min (c) 145ml/min¡,2 3lmŠ‹»Ž‘;s

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H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2

Air Inlet Flow Rate:45ml/min

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Current Density (mA/cm2)

P re ss ur e D ro p (P a) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (a) Ÿ45,§UTU‰45ml/min,23Š‹»Ž‘; H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Flow Rate:100ml/min

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 0 100 200 300 400 500

Current Density (mA/cm2)

Pr es su re D ro p (P a) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (b) Ÿ45,§UTU‰100ml/min,23Š‹»Ž‘; H2 lnlet Pressure:1.01kg/cm2 Air Inlet Flow Rate:145ml/min

0 50 100 150 200 250 0 100 200 300 400 500

Current Density (mA/cm2)

Pr es su re D ro p (P a) cell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th (c) Ÿ45,§UTU‰145ml/min,23Š‹»Ž‘;

À8 Ÿ45•@§UTU4‰ (a) 45ml/min (b) 100ml/min (c) 145ml/min¡,2 3lmŠ‹»Ž‘;s