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㱛⋿⣏⬠㔁做䥹⬠⬠昊⌂⢓䞼䨞䓇ġ䌳慹⚳ġ
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㱛⋿⣏⬠㔁⊁嗽嗽攟烊㱛⋿⣏⬠㔁做䥹⬠⬠昊㔁㌰ġġ 屰㔯⼒ġ
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㓞䧧㖍㛇烉ijıIJIJ ⸜ ĺ 㚰 ijĸ 㖍炻㍍⍿↲䘣㖍㛇烉ijıIJij ⸜ ķ 㚰 ijķ 㖍ˤġ ī ġ デ嫅⋧⎵⮑㞍⥼⒉㍸ὃ⮞屜䘬ᾖ㓡シ夳ˤġ
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朆婆妨䫎嘇㗗⼙枧ねデ㔁做䘬慵天⚈䳈ᷳᶨ炻ねデ㔁做ᷕ㍉䓐䘬⼊⺷炻 ㊩㚱䘬ねデ悥忂忶㚫シ䘬⽖䪹ˣᾉả䘬䚖ˣ奒⭮䘬偊橼婆妨ˣ㗪䨢妲〗ˣ 刚⼑䑘⠫䫱ᶨ䲣↿朆婆妨䫎嘇⁛怆䴎⬠䓇炻⽆侴Ὣ忚ṾᾹ䧵㤝䘬ねデ橼槿炻ἧ ṾᾹ㚜≈ᷣ≽⛘⍣デ⍿䓇㳣䓇␥ˤ怢ㅦ䘬㗗炻㔁做侭⼨⼨⾥夾Ḯ忁ṃ朆婆妨 䫎嘇⮵ねデ㔁做䘬ἄ䓐ˤ⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻䃉倚䘬朆婆妨䫎嘇⼨⼨㭼㚱倚䘬 婆妨䫎嘇㚜℟⼙枧炻朆婆妨䫎嘇䘬忳䓐⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ㚱冱嵛庽慵䘬ἄ䓐ˤ ⤪ỽ䧵㤝⇑䓐朆婆妨䫎嘇Ἦ⋼≑ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做䘬句⮎炻㗗ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做忶 䦳ᷕṇ⼭妋㰢䘬⓷柴炻ḇ㗗㛔㔯婾徘ᷳ䃎溆ˤ㛔㔯ẍ㔁做⬠ˣ⽫䎮⬠ẍ⍲䣦㚫 ⬠䘬䎮婾䇚➢䢶炻㍸↢Ḯẍ朆婆妨䫎嘇䇚夾奺䘬ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做⺢㥳⿅嶗ˤġ ġ 斄挝娆烉ねデ㔁做ˣ朆婆妨䫎嘇ġ!
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Emotional Education of Primary and Secondary School
in View of Non-Verbal Symbols.
Shu-Hui Cui
Doctoral Student of Educational Science in Henan University, China
Chin-Kuo Wang
Associate Professor, Director of Center for Teacher Education, Director of Graduate Institute of Education, Providence University, Taiwan
Ji-Liang Liu
Academic Director of Henan University, Professor of Educational Science in Henan University, China
Wen-Biao Jia
College-graduate village official of Kaifeng Henan, China
Abstract
Non-verbal symbol is one of the important factors which affect emotional education. The form and emotions used in emotional education which are delivered to students by a series of non-verbal symbols such as knowing smile, trusting sight, closed body language, time and space information, color and environment etc. It could promote their positive emotional experience and enable them to experience life more proactively. Unfortunately, educators often overlook the effect of non-verbal symbols. In the process of emotional education, the silent non-verbal symbols are more useful than the language of sound while expressing feelings. Non-verbal symbols play a decisive role in the process of emotional education. How to use the non-verbal symbols in emotional education and maximize the effect of emotional education is an urgent problem that has to be solved in the process of emotional education. It is also the focus of this paper. Based on the theory of
education, psychology and sociology, this paper explores the effect of non-verbal symbols on emotional education, put forward practical ways in the progress of emotional education.
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Ṣ㗗ᶨᾳデね䘬⬀⛐炻ねデ㗗䓇␥䘬慵天ℏ㵝ˤˬね䵺ˣねデ㗗Ṣ栆䱦䤆 䓇㳣㚨慵天䘬䳬ㆸ悐ấ炻㗗Ṣ栆䴻槿ᷕ㚨奒役䘬橼槿˭炷㛙⮷咻炻1993炸ˤ㰺㚱 ねデ㳣≽炻Ṣ䘬䓇㳣⮯⣙⍣シ佑ˤねデ㔁做㗗⬠㟉㔁做ᷕ慵天䘬ᶨ䑘炻㛒Ἦ婚 䦳㓡朑炻ㅱ慵夾ねデ㔁做䳈梲傥≃䘬䲵ℍ炷⏛㵹よ炻2012炸ˤ ⮵ねデ㔁做䞼䨞䘬㬟⎚䓙Ἦᷭ炻㖑⛐⎌ẋ炻䃉婾㜙㕡ㆾ大㕡悥↢䎦Ḯね デ㔁做䘬厴剥ˤᷕ⚳⎌ẋ䘬ねデ㔁做冯䎮⿏㔁做㗗䚠⮵媏䘬炻㔁做⭞Ᾱ⛐Ṣ 䓇⒚⬠₺⭞㱣⬠⁛䴙䘬⼙枧ᶳ炻ᶨ㕡朊㲐慵⬠⓷炻⻟婧䅇嬨ᾖ幓炻⎎ᶨ㕡朊 ⍰㲐慵ね嵋炻⻟婧㦪⬠ˣ⤥⬠ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻⎌ẋ大㕡⬠侭ḇ⋩↮慵夾ねデ䘬ᾖ 梲冯㔁做ˤ䓙喯㟤㉱⸽炷Socrates炻℔⃫⇵ 469—℔⃫⇵ 399炸ˣ㝷㉱⚾炷Plato炻 䲬℔⃫⇵ 427 ⸜炼℔⃫⇵ 347 ⸜炸ˣṆ慴㕗⣂⽟炷Aristotle炻℔⃫⇵ 384 ⸜—℔ ⃫⇵ 322 ⸜炸䫱Ṣ炻⼊ㆸḮ⎌ⶴ冀晭℠㔁做⿅゛橼䲣炻℞㟠⽫㗗媏㔁做炻⌛ 幓⽫媏䘤⯽䘬㔁做ˤ役⸜Ἦ炻䓙㕤⒚⬠䓴⮵Ṣˣ⮵ᷣ橼⿏䘬妶婾炻ⷞ≽℞⬫ ⬠䥹⮵Ṣ䘬ね䵺ˣねデ㨇⇞⍲⽫䎮㼃傥䘬慵夾ˤ䓇䎮⬠ˣ⽫䎮⬠ˣ儎䤆䴻䥹⬠ ẍ⍲⿅䵕䥹⬠炷thoughtġ sciences炸炻⛐ね䵺冯儎ˣねデ冯娵䞍㳣≽ˣねデ冯忻 ⽟埴䇚ˣね䵺冯幓⽫䫱㕡朊炻悥㚱姙⣂⮎嫱䞼䨞屯㕁炷㛙⮷咻炻2007烊恙 㖶㬋炻1993烊䚏⭞⩂炻2001炸ˤ⎎⢾炻⛐ねデ㔁⬠ˣ⸤䪍ねデ➡梲ˣ曺 ⮹⸜ねデ⓷柴䞗㱣䫱㕡朊ḇ↢䎦ᶨ㈡䅙⽫䘬㍊䳊侭䚠斄䘬䞼䨞⟙⏲炷㣲枞 ∃炻2002烊伭列炻2007炸ˤ姙⣂⮰⭞ˣ⬠侭㔁做ⶍἄ侭炷㛙⮷咻炻1999烊㛙 ⮷咻ˣ㠭ẚ周炻1998烊⪳炻2003烊⊝䅩炻2004炸憅⮵ねデ㔁做⓷柴炻䳃䳃 ㍸↢媏㔁做ˣㆸ≇㔁做ˣケ⾓㔁做ˣ㋓㉀㔁做䫱㕘㤪⾝炻᷎忚埴Ḯ䚠ㅱ䘬⮎ 槿炻᷎⍾⼿Ḯ䚠䔞⤥䘬㔁做㓰㝄ˤ㭼崟⁛䴙䘬㔁做㔁⬠㧉⺷炻忁⸦䧖㧉⺷䘬ℙ ⎴ᷳ嗽⯙⛐㕤炻悥斄㲐⇘Ḯ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ⬠䓇䘬ねデ䉨㱩炻᷎㈲⮲慵ˣ➡梲⬠䓇 䘬ねデἄ䇚㔁做䘬➢㛔⍇⇯ˤ 䃞侴炻⯙ねデ䘬⼊ㆸἮ䚳炻ねデ忶䦳冯ᶨ凔䘬娵嬀忶䦳ᶵ⎴ˤねデ䘤䓇㗪炻⎬䧖ね䵺䚠ḺṌ䷼⛐ᶨ崟炻ᶵ㕟⛘㓡嬲叿嵐⎹ˣ⻟⻙⼊ン炻⬫Ᾱ㮓䃉夷⼳⛘ 㗪侴㳩≽炻㗪侴ↅ㬊炻㗪侴䆮䘤炻㗪侴㴰⣙ˤ⤪ỽ㍷丒忁䧖墯暄䘬䓇␥デ⍿ ねデ橼槿炻㗗ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ⽭枰侫ㄖ䘬⚈䳈ˤSusan Langer 㚦㊯↢ˬ婆妨㗗 Ṣ栆䘤㖶䘬㚨樂Ṣ䘬䫎嘇橼䲣˭炷∱⣏➢嬗炻1986)ˤ䃞侴炻婆妨᷎ᶵ㗗叔傥䘬炻 婆妨䫎嘇晾䃞傥⣈㍷丒ḳ䈑炻㎕䣢⎬栆ḳ䈑攻䘬䚠Ḻ斄Ὢ炻Ữ㗗婆妨䫎嘇⛐⁛ 忼忁ṃ≽ン䘬ℏ⛐䞃䚦⽫䎮拗䷙墯暄䘬ねデ䚠Ḻἄ䓐ᶲ朊炻⇯䃉㱽㚱㓰⊅ ảˤ㖊䃞婆妨䫎嘇ᶵ傥⬴ℐ⏰䎦ねデ䘬₨ン炻Ṣ栆⯙⽭䃞⼿∝忈↢㚵⊁㕤ねデ 堐䎦䘬⎎ᶨ䧖䫎嘇堐⽝——朆婆妨䫎嘇ˤ ⤪㝄婒婆妨䫎嘇㉥尉䘬㗗⎬ᾳḳ䈑℟橼ℏ⭡ᷕ䘬㛔岒Ⱄ⿏炻恋湥朆婆妨䫎 嘇㚜⣂㉥尉䘬㗗ねデ䳸㥳ᷕ䘬⎗デ⼊⺷炻忁⯙天㯪⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻㔁做侭 ᶵ傥⎒⃭䔞⁛倚䫺炻㚜ㅱ䔞ㆸ䇚℟ねデℏ㵝䘬Ṣ䓇⮶ⷓ炻ㆸ䇚䎮妋⮲慵ᷕ⮷ ⬠䓇䘬ˬ列ⷓ䙲⍳˭ˤ➢㛔ᶲ炻ᷕ⮷⬠⬠䓇㗪㗪⛐㼃䦣満⊾ᷕ㶙⍿㔁做侭䘬⼙ 枧ˤ㔁做侭䘬ᶨ妨ᶨ埴ˣ冱ㇳ㈽嵛䫱朆婆妨䫎嘇悥⛐㔁做⼙枧叿ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬 ねデ橼槿ˤ⃀䭉㔁做侭娵䇚冒⥳军䳪悥⛐䓐婆妨埴䇚忚埴ねデ㔁做炻⮎晃ᶲ炻 ṾᾹ㖑ᶵ冒奢⛘忂忶朆婆妨䫎嘇⮯寸䘬ねデ妲〗⁛廠䴎Ḯ⬠䓇炻᷎⛐⬠䓇 䘬㘢≃䘤⯽⽫曰ㆸ攟ᷕ䂁ᶳ㶙㶙䘬⌘䕽ˤġ ねデ㔁做䘬慵溆ㅱ娚㗗嬻⬠佺侭⬠㚫彐娵ねデ䘬⎬䧖堐忼⼊⺷炻忂忶⮵ね デˬ堐忼⼊⺷˭䘬䎮妋炻䚜㍍⛘ἧ冒冯⎬䧖堐忼⼊⺷⺢䩳崟㔜橼䘬斄Ὢ炻⽆ 侴䌚⼿ねデ䘬シ佑炻⼊ㆸ冒ねデン⹎䘬ˬℵ橼槿˭ˤ↯幓橼㚫忁ṃ⼊⺷岎 Ḱ䘬ℏ㵝炻᷎⛐⎰怑䘬㗪㨇ẍ〘䔞䘬⼊⺷堐忼冒䘬ねデ炷㰰▱䤢炻2005炸ˤ 㛔㔯ᷣ天ẍ㟉ℏ朆婆妨䫎嘇⚈䳈䁢ὅ妿炻ẍˬねデ橼槿˭䁢㟠⽫Ἦ⺢㥳怑 ↯䘬ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做炻⚈䁢ˬ橼槿˭㗗ねデ䘬ᷣ天䈡⽝㛔岒堐䎦炻朆婆妨䫎 嘇㗗㚨⤥䘬ねデ⁛怆堐䎦㕡⺷ˤ㛔㔯㛇⼭ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⛐ねデ䘬橼槿ᷕ夷䭬ˣ㖯 厗ˣ⬴┬冒䘬ねデ炻ἧ冒䘬ねデ怈暊Ỷ䳂⠫䓴炻嵐㕤檀䳂⠫䓴炻ἧ冒䘬 ねデ傥≃䓇␥⑩岒⼿⇘ᶵ㕟⛘㍸⋯ˤ℟橼侴妨炻㛔㔯⽆ẍᶳᶱ⣏朊⎹⺢㥳朆 婆妨䫎嘇夾奺ᶳ䘬ねデ㔁做——㟉⚺䑘⠫䘬朆婆妨ねデ⺢㥳ˣ㔁⭌ℏ䘬朆婆妨 ねデ⟹忈㔁ⷓ㛔幓䘬朆婆妨ねデ⁛忼ˤ
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ᶨˣねデ冯ね䵺ġ
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ね䵺ねデ㗗冯Ṣ䈡⭂䘬ᷣ奨栀㛃ㆾ暨天䚠倗专䘬炻㚱⬠侭炷Feldman, 2004炸㈲⬫Ᾱ䴙䧙䁢デね炷affection炸ˤṢᾹ䘬デね㗗朆ⷠ墯暄䘬炻㖊⊭㊔デ ね䘤䓇䘬忶䦳炻ḇ⊭㊔䓙㬌䓊䓇䘬䧖䧖橼槿炻⚈㬌䓐╖ᶨ䘬デね㤪⾝暋ẍℐ朊 堐忼忁䧖⽫䎮䎦尉䘬ℐ悐䈡⽝ˤ⚈㬌炻⛐䔞ẋ⽫䎮⬠ᷕ炻㚱⬠侭↮⇍㍉䓐ね䵺 ねデἮ㚜䡢↯⛘堐忼デね䘬ᶵ⎴㕡朊炷昛䏎ˣ∱₺⽟炻2007炸ˤ ⛐ᶨ凔ね㱩ᶳ炻ね䵺ねデ䴻ⷠ㶟䓐炻大㕡⽫䎮⬠䓴⮵ね䵺ねデ㛒ἄ♜ 㟤⋨↮ˤFeldman (2004炸娵䁢烉ね䵺⊭⏓叿ね䵺堐䎦炷堐ね炸ね䵺橼槿炷ね デ炸炻Ữᷕ⚳⽫䎮⬠䓴⮵ね䵺ねデἄ忶♜㟤⋨↮炻娵䁢ね䵺↮䁢⽫⠫ˣㅱ㽨 㽨ね烊ねデ↮䁢忻⽟デˣ䎮㘢デˣ⍳婤デˣ伶デ䫱炷昛䏎ˣ∱₺⽟炻2007炸ˤ ⽆ᶵ⎴Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ね䵺ねデ㗗㚱⋨⇍䘬炻⊭㊔烉炷ᶨ炸ね䵺冯暨天䘬㺧嵛冯 䓇䎮⿏暨天䚠倗专烊ねデ㗗冯Ṣ䘬䣦㚫⿏暨天䚠倗专䘬橼槿ˤ炷Ḵ炸⽆忚⊾ᶲ 䚳烉ね䵺ẋ堐デね䘬⍇⥳㕡朊炻Ṣ冯≽䈑ℙ㚱烊ねデ㗗Ṣ栆ㇵ㚱䘬檀䳂⽫䎮䎦 尉炻㗗Ṣ栆䣦㚫㬟⎚䘤⯽䘬䓊䈑ˤ炷ᶱ炸⽆䘤䓇ᶲ䚳烉ね䵺⍿ね⠫⼙枧⣏炻ᶵ 䨑⭂炻ねデ⍿ね⠫⼙枧⮷炻庫䨑⭂ˤ炷⚃炸⽆⍵ㅱᶲ䚳烉ね䵺⍵ㅱ⻟䁰炻⢾悐 堐䎦㖶栗炻ねデ⍵ㅱ庫㶙㰱炻⢾悐堐䎦ᶵ㖶栗ˤỮねデ冯ね䵺ḇ㗗㚱叿⭮ᶵ⎗ ↮䘬倗专烉ねデ㗗⛐⣂㫉ね䵺橼槿䘬➢䢶ᶲ⼊ㆸ䘬炻᷎忂忶ね䵺堐䎦↢Ἦ烊⍵ 忶Ἦ炻ね䵺䘬堐䎦嬲⊾⍰⍿⼊ㆸ䘬ねデ䘬⇞䲬ˤ㘖忂⽫䎮⬠娵䁢ね䵺㗗㊯ Ờ晐叿娵䞍シ嬀忶䦳䓊䓇䘬⮵⢾䓴ḳ䈑䘬ン⹎炻㗗⮵⭊奨ḳ䈑ᷣ橼暨㯪ᷳ 攻斄Ὢ䘬⍵ㅱ炻㗗ẍᾳ橼䘬栀㛃暨天䁢ᷕṳ䘬ᶨ䧖⽫䎮㳣≽ˤね䵺⊭⏓烉ね 䵺橼槿ˣね䵺埴䁢ˣね䵺╂愺⮵⇢㽨䈑䘬娵䞍䫱墯暄ㆸ↮ˤ⎎⢾炻㘖忂⽫䎮 ⬠怬娵䁢ね䵺ねデ悥㗗ˬṢ⮵⭊奨ḳ䈑㊩䘬ン⹎橼槿˭ˤ⎒㗗ね䵺㚜⎹ 㕤ᾳ橼➢㛔暨㯪ㄦ㛃ᶲ䘬ン⹎橼槿炻侴ねデ⇯㚜⎹㕤䣦㚫暨㯪ㄦ㛃ᶲ䘬ン⹎橼槿ˤġ 㛔㔯㊯䘬ˬねデ˭炻㗗㊯⺋㲃シ佑ᶲ䘬ねデ炻⬫ᶵỮ⊭㊔ᷕ⚳⽫䎮⬠䓴 ♜㟤シ佑ᶲ⋨↮䘬ねデ䘬ℏ㵝炻ḇ⊭㊔ね䵺䘬ℏ㵝ˤ㖻妨ᷳ炻ねデ炷⌛デね炸 冯ね䵺炻悥㗗ˬねデ㔁做˭䘬䞼䨞䭬䔯ˤġ
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Ḵˣねデ㔁做ġ
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斄㕤Ṩ湥㗗ねデ㔁做炻䚖⇵⯂䃉⭂婾ˤ役⸜Ἦ炻⚳ℏ⢾䘬ᶨṃ⬠侭⛐ᶵ⎴ 䘬㔯⊾㔁做側㘗ᶳ炻㍸↢Ḯˬねデ㔁做˭䘬㤪⾝ˤ㛙⮷咻㔁㌰炷1993炸娵䇚炻 媪ねデ㔁做炻⯙㗗斄㲐Ṣ䘬ねデⰌ朊⤪ỽ⛐㔁做䘬⼙枧ᶳᶵ㕟䓋䓇㕘岒ˣ崘 ⎹㕘䘬檀⹎炻ḇ㗗斄㲐ἄ䇚Ṣ䘬䓇␥㨇⇞ᷳᶨ䘬ね䵺㨇⇞⤪ỽ冯䓇䎮㨇⇞ˣ⿅ 䵕㨇⇞ℙ⎴⋼婧䘤㎖ἄ䓐炻ẍ忼⇘㚨Ἓ䘬≇傥䉨ンˤ忁䧖奨溆岲⎴㈲⽫䎮㳣≽ ↮䇚娵䞍ˣねデℑ悐↮炻娵䇚媪シ⽿㗗㚱シ嬀⛘㓗惵ˣ婧䭨埴≽炻䴻忶㚵 ⚘暋炻ẍ⮎䎦枸⭂䚖䘬䘬⽫䎮忶䦳炻㗗娵䞍冯ねデ䚠Ḻἄ䓐䘬橼䎦ˤ⬠侭欂曆 炷1999炸娵䇚ねデ㔁做㗗⬴㔜㔁做忶䦳䘬ᶨᾳ䳬ㆸ悐↮炻忂忶⛐㔁做忶䦳ᷕ⮲ 慵➡梲⬠䓇䘬䣦㚫⿏ねデ⑩岒炻䘤⯽ṾᾹ䘬冒ㆹねデ婧㍏傥≃炻ὫἧṾᾹ⮵ ⬠佺ˣ䓇㳣␐⚵䘬ᶨ↯䓋䓇䧵㤝䘬ねデ橼槿炻⼊ㆸ䌐䩳ℐ䘬ᾳ⿏冯Ṣ㟤䈡 ⽝炻ㆸ䇚⑩⽟ˣ㘢≃ˣ橼岒ˣ伶デˣ⊆≽ン⹎佺ㄋ悥⼿⇘ℐ朊䘤⯽䘬Ṣˤ侴 䚏⭞⩂侩ⷓ炷2001炸⇯娵䇚ねデ㔁做⽆㚨㟡㛔䘬㵝佑ᶲ婒炻⯙㗗㊯㔁ⷓ⛐㔁⬠ 忶䦳ᷕ炻⛐侫ㄖ娵䞍⚈䳈䘬⎴㗪炻⃭↮䘤㎖ねデ⚈䳈䘬䧵㤝ἄ䓐炻ẍ⬴┬㔁⬠ 䚖㧁ˣ⡆⻟㔁⬠㓰㝄䘬㔁做ˤ忁㗗㔁做侭⮵⍿㔁侭忚埴㔁做ㅱ⮎㕥䘬䛇㬋㔁 做ˤ⛐忁㧋䘬㔁⬠㳣≽ᷕ炻娵䞍⚈䳈ねデ⚈䳈ㇵ傥⼿⇘媏䘬䴙ᶨˤ 㚱揹㕤⮵ねデ䘬⽫䎮⬠⮑夾ẍ⍲㔁做㛔幓䘬䈡㬲⿏炻㛔㔯娵䇚炻ねデ㔁做 䘬䚖㧁⛐㕤㍸檀Ṣ䘬ねデ傥≃ねデ⑩岒炻⮵Ṣ䘬䓇␥㛔幓忚埴⟹忈炻℞⮎岒 㗗ᶨ䧖䓇␥㔁做ˣ䓇㳣㔁做炻㗗ᶨᾳṢ⤪ỽ⛐⬴㔜シ佑ᶲㆸ℞䁢Ṣ䘬㔁做ˤ⚈ 㬌ねデ㔁做⍰㗗ᶨ䧖㔁做䎮⾝炻ㅱ屓䨧㕤㔁做忶䦳ᷳᷕ炻ㆸ䇚㔁做忶䦳䘬ᶨ悐ấ炻侴ᶵ㗗ᶨ䧖䌐䩳䘬㔁做⼊⺷炻⬫ㅱ娚⊭⏓⛐㔁做ᷕ忳䓐ねデ⚈䳈侴ἧ㔁做 ㆸ䇚㚜Ṣ⿏䘬㔁做炻㗗⽟ˣ㘢ˣ橼ˣ佌ˣ伶媠做䘬⋼婧☐烊⬫斄㆟Ṣ䘬ねデˣ ⸠䤷ˣ₡ῤ炻ἧ⬠䓇ㆸ䇚㚜䇚⬴┬䘬Ṣ炻㗗⬠䓇ㆸ攟䘬≑㍐☐ˤ⚈㬌炻㛔 㔯⮯ねデ㔁做⭂佑䁢烉ねデ㔁做㗗䇚Ḯ㍸⋯⬠䓇䘬ねデ傥≃⑩岒侴⮯ねデ⚈ 䳈圵ℍ⬠䓇䓇㳣䘬ᶨ䧖䵄⎰⿏㔁做㳣≽ˤġ
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ᶱ
ᶱˣ朆婆妨䫎嘇ġ
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斄㕤朆婆妨䫎嘇炻㚱ᶵ⎴䘬㤪⾝䓴⭂炻㚱䘬⭂佑⼰䯉╖炻㚱䘬⇯㭼庫℟橼ˤ ˪ ᷕ ⚳ ⣏ 䘦 䥹 ℐ 㚠 • 婆 妨 㔯 ⫿ ˫炷 1994 炸 䧙 朆 婆 妨 䫎 嘇 䇚 ˬ ∗ 婆 妨 ˭ 炷paralanguage炸ˤ侴ˬ∗婆妨˭⍰㚱⺋佑䊡佑ᷳ↮ˤ䊡佑䘬ˬ∗婆妨˭㊯㚱 倚䎦尉炻⤪婒娙㗪䘬㯋倚炻┱♐㱁┆ㆾ侭℞Ṿ倚枛䈡⽝炷⤪烉⎫⎫䪹ˣ㔜⎍娙 ⷞ滣枛ˣ㝸ᾳ⫿枛㉱⼿⼰攟ˣ⡻Ỷ╻枛ㇻ╛╛ˣ䳸䳸婒娙ᶵ忋屓炸䫱炻侴 ⺋佑䘬ˬ∗婆妨˭⊭㊔䃉倚侴㚱⼊䘬䎦尉炻⌛冯娙婆⎴㗪ㆾ╖䌐ἧ䓐䘬ㇳ⊊ˣ 幓⊊ˣ朊悐堐ねˣ⮵娙䘬ỵ伖嶅暊䫱炷ᷕ⚳⣏䘦䥹ℐ㚠•婆妨㔯⫿炻1994炸ˤ 暚屜⼔炷2006炸娵䁢Ṣ橼炷傥堐忼㝸䧖妲〗䘬⎬䧖幓橼䈡⽝炻⤪炻⿏⇍ˣ⸜漉ˣ 橼㟤ˣ兂刚䫱炸ˣ≽ἄ炷傥堐忼㝸䧖妲〗䘬Ṣ橼⦧⊊≽ἄ炸ˣ䛤䜃炷夾䶂䘬Ṍ 㳩䛤䤆炸ˣ∗婆妨炷Ờ晐娙婆䘬倚枛ᶲ䘬橼⦧婆≽ἄ炸ˣ㰱満ˣ幓橼㍍妠炷㍍ 妠⮵㕡䘬幓橼ㆾ忂忶㚧ẋ埴䁢炸ˣ⮵Ṣ䘬䨢攻炷㔯⊾⼊ン䓇䎮⬠ℑᾳ奺⹎䘬 㗪攻炸ˣ刚⼑䫱悥Ⱄ㕤朆婆妨䫎嘇ˤ ⽆ᶲ朊⭂佑ᷕㆹᾹ⎗ẍ䚳↢炻⃀䭉埮婒䳃乕炻Ữ⽆⣏䘬⍇⇯Ἦ婒炻Ụ᷶ 嵐⎹ᶨ农ˤ⚈㬌炻㟡㒂ẍᶲ㤪⾝䘬䓴⭂炻㛔㔯娵䇚朆婆妨䫎嘇㗗㊯婆妨埴䇚䫎 嘇ẍ⢾䘬炻⛐Ḻ≽䑘⠫ᷕ昌⍣婆妨⇢㽨ẍ⢾䘬ᶨ↯䓙Ṣ栆䑘⠫䓋䓇䘬⇢㽨 冯妲〗炻忁ṃ⇢㽨⮵Ṍ㳩ねデ橼槿℟㚱㼃⛐䘬妲〗₡ῤ炻⊭㊔䑘⠫ˣ㗪攻冯 䨢攻ˣ幓橼≽ἄˣ朊悐堐ねˣ䨧叿ㇻ㈖䫱ˤġ ġ⍫
⍫ˣġ 朆婆妨䫎嘇夾奺ᶳ䘬ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做㥳⺢ġ
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ねデ㤪⾝ᷣ天⯽䎦䘬㗗ねデ䳸㥳ᷕ䘬䎮⿏婾徘炻侴ねデ㔁做ㅱ娚忂忶奒冐 ⮎嶸ˣ゛⁷䦣ねἮ㍸檀ᾳ橼ねデ䘬デ⍿ˣ橼ぇ冯娵⎴ˤねデ㔁做䘬慵溆㗗嬻 ⬠佺侭⬠㚫彐娵ねデ䘬⎬䧖堐䎦⼊⺷炻忂忶⮵ねデ堐䎦⼊⺷䘬䎮妋炻䚜㍍⛘ἧ 冒冯⎬䧖堐䎦⼊⺷⺢䩳崟㔜橼䘬斄Ὢ炻⽆侴䌚⼿ねデ橼槿ˤねデ㗗ᷣ奨冯⭊ 奨䘬䴙ᶨ橼炻⯙⺽崟ねデ䘬⢾䓴⚈䳈Ἦ婒炻⬫㗗⭊奨䘬炻℟㚱ᶵẍṢ䘬シ⽿䇚 廱䦣䘬⭊奨㛔⿏炻⯙ねデ䘬ℏ㵝⼊⺷Ἦ婒炻⬫㗗ᶨ䧖⽫䎮橼槿炻㗗ᷣ奨䘬忶 䦳ˤġ ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做ㅱ㟡㒂ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬䓇㳣侴ᶵ㗗⚵丆媠⣂暊㔋䘬⬠䥹普⎰ Ἦ䳬䷼婚䦳ˤ⬫⍵⮵ẍˬ䛇䎮˭䘬娙婆⼊⺷Ἦ従ἧ⬠䓇㍍⍿䧖䧖㔁㡅⊾䘬䞍嬀炻 ⚈忁ṃ䞍嬀⼨⼨僓暊䓇㳣ᶾ䓴炻㖻⺽崟⬠䓇䘬⩴ら⅟㻈ˤねデ㔁做ᶵ㗗僓暊 ᾳ橼䘬ᶨ枭䯉╖䘬䥹⬠䞍嬀⁛㌰㈨傥➡梲䘬忶䦳炻⬫䘬䚖䘬⛐㕤⮯ᾳ橼圵ℍ 䎦⮎䘬䓇㳣ᶾ䓴ᷳᷕ炻侴᷎朆㊯⎹㘖念⿏䳽⮵⿏ˤ⮯䥹⬠ᶾ䓴ⅴ楽㕤䓇㳣ᶾ 䓴ᷳᶲ炻℞䳸㝄䃉朆㗗㈲ᶨᾳ⍇㛔⃭㺧䃉䩖⣂㧋⿏䘬冒䃞ᶾ䓴炻怬⍇䇚ᶨ䲣↿ ㉥尉䘬㔠⫿冯䫎䡤炻䓂军⮯Ṣḇ䈑⊾䇚㉥暊Ḯ䱦䤆ˣ僓ḦḮねデˣ䇚ᶨ〗⯂ ⬀䘬䓇䈑㚱㨇橼ˤˬᶵ傥ὅ㈀䎮⿏䘬㧁㸾䇚⬠䓇䧵⽫嗽ㄖ⛘丒墥↢ᶨⷭ䴙ᶨ䘬 ⸠䤷⚾㘗炻ẍ军㕤℞晾䓐⽫列劎ˣ⌣ᶵ䇚⬠䓇㍍䲵炻䓂军Ḱẍ㌺㕍䘬䧖䧖勺 娽䎦尉ˤㆹᾹ䘬㔁做䇚⬠䓇㔆攳䘬ㇵᶵ㚫㗗ᶨᾳ䫎嘇⊾㔠⫿⊾䘬㉥尉ᶾ䓴炻 侴㗗ᶨᾳṢ㗪㗪⇣⇣冯ᷳ䘤䓇Ṍ㳩䘬䛇⮎䓇㳣ᶾ䓴˭炷散ㇵ炻2002炸ˤ⛐ねデ 㔁做䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻慵天䘬㗗天嬻⬠䓇橼槿⇘ねデ炻妠㐠⇘ねデ炻侴㔁做忶䦳ᷕ䘬 ねデ⣂ẍ朆婆妨䫎嘇䘬⼊⺷堐䎦↢Ἦ炻⚈㬌炻⛐ねデ㔁做䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻㔁做侭ᶨ ⭂天㲐慵ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ朆婆妨䫎嘇䘬㥳⺢ˤ㛔㔯ẍ朆婆妨䫎嘇䁢↢䘤溆炻ẍ ねデ㔁做䁢ᷕ⽫炻忳䓐⽆⣏⇘⮷炻徸㬍䳘⊾䘬㕡⺷㥳⺢ᷕ⮷⬠䘬ねデ㔁做炷⤪ ⚾ X炸ˤ ġġ ⚾ 1 朆婆妨䫎嘇ᶳ䘬ねデ㔁做⺢㥳⚾
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ᶨˣ㟉⚺䑘⠫䘬朆婆妨ねデ⺢㥳ġ
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ねデ㔁做㗗㊯Ṣ䘬⎬䧖デ⭀塓䈑岒䨢攻ᷕ䘬⎬䧖天䳈炷⊭㊔刚⼑ˣ倚枛ˣ 㓭ḳ䫱炸デ㝻炻忚ℍ㝸ᾳ䈡⭂䘬⚆ㅞˣねデˣ橼槿ㆾ㗗デぇ炻⽆侴⍿⇘㔁做䘬 忶䦳ˤᷕ⮷⬠㟉⚺㗗ἄ䇚Ṣ䓇䣦㚫⊾冯ᶾ䓴奨䡢䩳斄挝㗪㛇䘬ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⬠佺ˣ 䓇㳣ˣㆸ攟䘬ᷣ天⟜炻㟉⚺ℏ䘬ᶨ↯䑘⠫䨢攻悥⮯㗗ṾᾹ娵䞍⬠佺ˣᾳ⿏ 䘤⯽ˣねデṌ㳩ˣ⑩⽟ᾖ梲ˣシ⽿揬忈ˣ㽨㎂䎮゛䘬⣏准⎘ˤ晐叿役⸜Ἦ㔁做 䓴㍸Έˬ䑘⠫做Ṣ˭䘬倚ᶵ㕟檀㻚炻ṢᾹḇ攳⥳娵嬀⇘ᷕ⮷⬠㟉⚺䑘⠫⮵⬠ 䓇ねデ㔁做䘬ἄ䓐炻᷎徸㬍慵夾崟㟉⚺䈑岒㔯⊾䘬⺢姕ˤ斄㲐㟉⚺䈑岒㔯⊾䑘 ⠫炻㚱≑㕤➡梲ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⎹ᶲ䘬ねデ⑩㟤炻忁冯ˬ䑘⠫做Ṣ˭䘬⿅゛㗗〗 〗䚠斄䘬ˤ㟉⚺䑘⠫㗗ᶨᾳ≇傥墯暄䘬䵄⎰橼炻㟉⚺䑘⠫ᶵ天䇚ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬 ⬠佺㳣≽㍸ὃ列⤥䘬䈑岒㡅ẞ炻怬天䇚⟹忈ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ䳈岒㍸ὃᶨ⭂䘬⟜ 側㘗ˤᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬䓇㳣䨢攻ᷣ天⛐⬠㟉炻⬠㟉䘬⺢䭱⼊ンˣ⟜㯃⚵ẍ⍲䑘 ⠫⑩岒悥㚫⮵ṾᾹ䘬ねデ橼槿䓋䓇㶙怈䘬⼙枧ˤ⎒㚱⛐冒䃞伶䘬暯㑤Ṣ㔯ᷣ 佑䘬啘昞ᶳ炻ᷕ⮷⬠䓇ㇵ⎗傥㧡䩳ⲯ檀䘬ᾉ⾝炻㍍⍿䥹⬠㔯⊾➢䢶㔁做炻᷎➡ 梲⻟䁰䘬屔ảデ⮵⚳⭞䘬䅙ッ冯⮲慵ˤ㟉⚺䑘⠫䘬ねデ㔁做㥳⺢⊭㊔冒䃞䑘㟉⚺ 炷冒䃞炻Ṣ㔯炸
㔁⭌ 炷䨢攻炻㗪攻炸
㔁ⷓ 炷䚖炻
偊橼 炻㚵梦炸
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做
⠫Ṣ㔯䑘⠫ℑᾳ㕡朊ˤġ ġ 炷 炷ᶨ炸冒䃞䑘⠫䘬ねデ⺢㥳ġ 冒䃞䑘⠫䘬ねデ⺢㥳ᷣ天㊯㟉⚺ℏᶨ↯ẍ䈑岒⼊⺷⬀⛐䘬⺢䭱ˣ㢵塓ˣ㔁 ⬠姕⁁䓇㳣姕㕥䘬⺢姕炻⽭枰䫎⎰ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ暨天炻᷎ㅱ娚喲⏓ねデ㔁 做シ佑ˤ㟉ℏ冒䃞䑘⠫ねデ⺢㥳䘬䚖㧁㗗烉ἧᷕ⮷⬠䓇⛐伶⤥䘬冒䃞䑘⠫ᷕ⼿ ⇘⓻徒炻㍸檀ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬⮑伶デ⍿≃炻㽨䘤ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⮵伶⤥ḳ䈑䘬徥㯪炻忂忶 デ⍿冒䃞䘬媏ˣ伶⤥炻㽨䘤ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⮵䓇␥䘬䍵ッ⮵檀岒慷䓇␥ねデ䘬徥 㯪ˤ伶⬠⭞㛙㼃⃰䓇㚦妨炷1982炸ˬ↉㗗䛤䜃夳⇘䘬䈑橼炻䃉婾⬫㗗⤪ỽ ⽖䐋炻悥⎗ẍ嬻゛⁷㈲ㆹᾹ䦣⇘⬫墉朊⍣↮ṓ⬫䘬䓇␥ˤ㭼⤪⺢䭱⍇㗗䃉䓇␥ 䘬䠔橼炻䔞ㆹᾹ㈲ねデ`ῇ䴎⬫炻⬫⯙嬲ㆸᶨ䧖㚱㨇䈑炻㞙䇮⡩⯙⃤䃞ㆸ䁢 㳣㻹䘬偊橼炻䎦↢ᶨ䧖㯋櫬Ἦ炻ㆹᾹ᷎ᶼ㈲忁䧖㯋櫬䦣⚆⇘冒䘬⽫ᷕ˭ˤ⮵ ⬠䓇侴妨炻ṾᾹ崘忚⬠㟉炻椾⃰傥⣈橼槿デ⍿⇘䘬⯙㗗⬠㟉䘬冒䃞䑘⠫㟉 ⚺⺢䭱ˤᷕ⮷⬠䓇⛐⬠㟉䓇㳣䘬ᷣ天䨢攻㗗䓙㟉⚺ˣ㔁⭌ˣ崘䫱⺢䭱⍲℞ ὅ旬䘬冒䃞䑘⠫䳬ㆸ䘬炻忁ṃ⚈䳈ㅱ悥喲⏓㕤ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕˤ℟橼侴妨炻 㟉⚺䈑岒䑘⠫䘬ねデ⟹忈ㅱ⊭⏓ẍᶳ媠㕡朊烉 1.⛐ẍṢ䇚㛔䘬㔁做䎮⾝ᶲ㥳⺢⃒晭䘬㟉⚺冒䃞䑘⠫炻橼䎦↢⮵㟉⚺ἧ䓐 侭䃉⽖ᶵ军䘬斄㆟炻嬻ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⛐㟉⚺䓇㳣ᷕデ⍿⇘冒䃞䘬奒≃⽫䎮䘬㬠 Ⱄデˣ⬱ℐデˣ冺怑デˤᷕ⮷⬠䓇㍍⍿ねデ㔁做䘬㨇㚫䴻ⷠ㚫䘤䓇⛐㟉⚺㇞⢾ 䨢攻炻伶⤥䘬冒䃞䑘⠫℟⁁㽨䘤䧵㤝䘬ねデ橼槿ˣὫ忚Ṍ㳩Ḻ≽ˣ䓋䓇娵⎴冯 㬠Ⱄ䘬䈡岒㗪炻㟉⚺䆇忈䘬䨢攻㯃⚵ㇵ䛇㬋怑⎰ᷕ⮷⬠䓇ねデ冯⽫䎮䘤 ⯽炻℟⁁㚨⺋㲃シ佑ᶲ䘬ねデ㔁做ℏ㵝炷傉Ἓ炻2006炸ˤᷕ⮷⬠䓇⛐㟉⚺ᷕ㍍ ⍿䘬ᶵ㗗㚠㛔䞍嬀䘬⬠佺炻⎴㗪⛐㟉⚺䘬⬠佺䓇㳣ᷕḇ⛐俛㾉䚖㝻䘬㍍⍿Ṣ 㟤ˣね㑵ˣ忻⽟䘬啘昞ˤ㟉⚺㗗㔁做䑘⠫炻㗗做Ṣ䑘⠫ˤ冒䃞䑘⠫ἄ䁢ˬ䃉倚 䘬婚➪˭炻㼃䦣満⊾⛘⼙枧叿ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬埴䁢㕡⺷ˣ䱦䤆朊尴Ṣ㟤ね㑵ˤ⮵ 㕤ねデ㔁做Ἦ婒炻⭻㔁㕤㘗炻䑘⠫做Ṣ栗⼿⯌䁢慵天ˤ㟉⚺䘬冒䃞䑘⠫昌Ḯㅱ 娚℟⁁䈑岒≇䓐⢾炻怬ㅱ娚䁢℟⁁ᷕ⮷⬠䓇㍸ὃẹ攺ˣ⧃㦪ˣ⬠佺ˣṌ⼨䨢攻
䘬ἄ䓐炻Ṏ⌛ˬ⟜䱦䤆˭ˤġ 2.㟉ℏ⺢䭱天⫽做Ṣ㔯ねデℏ㵝ˤ喲シ㵝⍂䘬㟉ℏ⺢䭱炻⎗ẍ昞⅞⬠䓇䘬 ⮑伶ねデˤ⺢䭱喅埻塓䧙䇚ˬↅ⚢䘬枛㦪˭炻ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖朆婆妨䫎嘇ˤ⺢忈㕤ᶲ ᾳᶾ䲨⇅⸜䘬䲸䲬厗䇦埿戨埴⣏㦻炻゛䴎嶗Ṣ⁛忼ᶨ䧖䈊月デ⬱ℐデˤẲ㕗 嗕㶭䛇⮢䘬⮾⟼䫱扛奺✳䳸㥳傥㈲Ṣ䘬䚖⺽⎹⣑ˤ叿⎵䘬⣏⮢昊⣏㔁➪䘬 ℏ悐䳸㥳ⷠἧℍℏ侭䓊䓇䓷ㆤデ炻ぇ↢Ṣ⛐䤆⇵䘬㷢⮷⿏ˤ㟉ℏ⺢䭱橼䎦Ḯ⺢ 忈侭䘬ねデ⎹ㆾねデ㧉⺷炻⬠䓇ẍ⮑伶䚜奢⍣㫋岆ὧ傥デ⍿⇘⼊⺷ᷕ䯉䲬㚱 ≃㘿䣢⿏妲〗䘬㽨䘤炻⽆ℏ悐⎹⢾㈽⮬⽫䎮傥慷炻䓙⍇㚱䘬ねデ——娵䞍⚾⺷ ⸣⊾↢ᶨ⭂䘬シ⠫炻ἧṢ⛐シ⠫ᷳᷕデ⍿⇘䓇␥䘬䭨⣷ねデ䘬⣼楛ˤ㚱忁 ṃ喅埻デ⍿炻⽆䞍奢゛⁷⇘䎮妋忶䦳炻᷎ᶵ㗗⮵⼊⺷䫎嘇シ佑ᶲ䘬㍐㕟炻侴㗗 ⮵傥≽ねデ䘬デ⍿㈲㎉ˤ㚱喅埻デ⍿炻⽆䞍奢゛⁷⇘䎮妋忶䦳炻᷎ᶵ㗗⮵ ⼊⺷䫎嘇シ佑ᶲ䘬㍐㕟炻侴㗗⮵傥≽ねデ䘬デ⍿㈲㎉ˤ⚈㬌炻⮵伶䘬冒䃞 ⃒䥨喅埻⑩デ⍿⣂Ḯ炻Ṣ䘬ねデ姽₡⎹⌛ねデ㧉⺷ḇ⯙㻠㻠ℏ揬侴ㆸḮ炷㛙 ⮷咻炻2007炸ˤ ねデ⊾㟉⚺ᶵ⊭⏓⮵㟉⚺冒䃞䑘⠫䘬㥳⺢炻侴ᶼ怬⊭㊔Ṣ㔯䑘⠫䘬䘤㍀ 冯䳬䷼ˤ䣦㚫⎬䓴䘬䞍嬀⎵Ṣ⍲℞㬟⎚㓭ḳˣ冯㟉⚺㚱斄䘬㬟⎚ḳẞ㗗㟉⚺ね デ⊾䘬慵天屯㸸ˤ⎰䎮⛘忳䓐⤥忁ṃ屯㸸㚫ἧ㟉⚺⃭㺧Ṣ㔯㯋〗炻㚜㚫Ὣἧ⬠ 䓇䓋䓇ねデ㽨⊝ˤġ ġ 炷 炷Ḵ炸Ṣ㔯䑘⠫䘬ねデ㷚㝻ġ 㟉⚺Ṣ㔯䑘⠫⮵Ὣ忚ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ℟㚱慵天シ佑炻列⤥䘬㟉⚺Ṣ㔯䑘⠫ ⼙枧叿ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ⍾⎹ねデ⟹忈ˤ晾䃞ねデ妲〗䘬⁛忼㚱⣂䧖⼊⺷㷈 忻炻Ữ⽭枰㈧娵䘬㗗炻晐叿㗪ẋ䘬䘤⯽炻ṢᾹねデ嬲⊾夷⼳䘬嬲㚜炻ˬㆹ婒Ἀ 倥˭㿴廠㕡⺷䘬ねデ㔁做㓰≃崲Ἦ崲Ỷˤ⛐忁䧖ね㱩ᶳ炻⤪㝄ᶵ傥⮳㈦ᶨ䧖朆 ⷠ怑↯䘬ねデ⼙枧㕡⺷炻ねデ㔁做䘬㓰㝄⯙㚫崲Ἦ崲⮷ˤ㟉⚺䘬Ṣ㔯䑘⠫㗗ᶨ 䧖㚱㓰⁛忼ねデ妲〗䘬庱橼ˤ㟉⚺Ṣ㔯䑘⠫䘬ねデ㥳⺢⊭㊔₨⺷㳣≽ˣ㟉夷ˣ 㟉桐䫱㕡朊ˤ⎎⢾炻ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬夾奢傥≃ˣ奨⮇傥≃ねデ䘬寸⿏ḇ天㯪ね
デ㔁做䘬⚈䳈ㅱ娚㺚德⛐㟉⚺Ṣ㔯䑘⠫ᷳℏˤġ 1.㟉ℏ₨⺷䘬ねデ岎Ḱ 忂忶㟉ℏ₨⺷㳣≽⮵ᷕ⮷⬠䓇忚埴ねデ㔁做炻⡆⻟ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ ⛐⬠㟉䓇㳣ᷕ炻₨⺷ἄ䇚搚⛐⬠㟉㖍ⷠ䓇㳣ᷕ䘬䈡⇍ḳẞ炻ṢᾹ岎Ḱ⬫⣂㧋 ⊾䘬⼊⺷炻⭬㈀Ḯ寸䘬ねデ炻ḇ䓋䓇埵⊾Ḯ䈡㚱䘬ねデ㔁⊾≇傥ˤ₨⺷㳣 ≽ẍ㔯⊾䇚庱橼炻⭮↯䳸⎰䎦⮎䓇㳣炻⮯㔁做圵㕤ᾳ橼䓇㳣冯䣦㚫㔯⊾ᷳᷕ炻 傥⛐⼰⣏䦳⹎ᶲ⮎䎦ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ㟉⚺₨⺷ἄ䁢㟉⚺㔯⊾䘬ᷣ天䓇㳣 ḳẞ炻慵⛐⮵ᷕ⮷⬠䓇ねデ橼槿䘬デ㝻啘昞炻⺽⮶ṾᾹ䘬䱦䤆䓇㳣炻↠栗㟉⚺ 䘬Ṣ㔯斄㆟ˤỮ⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻㟉⚺₨⺷㥳⺢天㲐シℑ溆ˤ䫔ᶨ炻⛐ℏ⭡ ᶲ炻天⍵㗈⬠㟉䘬䌐䈡䱦䤆冯㔁做䎮⾝ˤ⚈䁢㟉⚺₨⺷㗗㟉⚺Ṣ㔯⿅゛冯忻⽟ 䱦䤆䘬℟橼⊾ˤ䫔Ḵ炻⛐⼊⺷ᶲ炻₨⺷䘬⯽攳天啱≑枛㦪ˣ娑㫴ˣ㔋㔯ˣ堐㺼 䫱⣂䧖喅埻ㇳ㭝炻㽨䘤⬠䓇䘬䛇ね⮎デˤ 2.㟉ℏ夷䪈⇞⹎䘬ねデ➡梲 忂忶㟉ℏ夷䪈⇞⹎䫱朆婆妨䫎嘇䴎Ḱᷕ⮷⬠䓇ᶨ䧖シ佑炻ᶨ䧖奺刚デ炻ᶨ 䧖ねデ橼槿ˤ㟉ℏ䘬夷䪈⇞⹎䷥㗗⛐䈡⭂䘬㗪䨢ℏ炻ẍ䨑⭂䘬⼊⺷↢䎦炻㚱叿 歖㖶䘬埴䇚夷䭬炻㚱叿䚠⮵䨑⭂⿏佌橼䳗䧵䘬Ⱄ⿏炻⬫ᶨ䴻⚢⊾⼊ㆸὧ℟㚱 冒䘬㬟⎚⺞临⿏炻侴ᶼ⮵㭷ᾳṢ䘬埴䇚悥㚱叿娛䳘䘬天㯪炻ⷞ䴎⍫冯侭䘬 シ佑ḇ怈怈崭崲⬫㛔幓℟㚱䘬シ佑炻⬫⛐℞堐Ⰼ䘬墅梦ᶳ炻喲⏓叿寸䘬 ねデ㔁⊾≇傥炻⮵⍿㔁做侭℟㚱ᶨ⭂䘬夷䭬ἄ䓐忻⽟ねデデ⎔≃ˤ⎎⢾炻⬫ ḇ姕⭂ṢᾹ埴䇚䘬䓴旸炻妪䩳ṢᾹ埴䇚䘬夷⇯炻℞㛔岒ᶲᷫ⛐㍸ὃ䈡⭂妲〗ˤ 忁ṃ㡅ἳẍ䃉倚䘬⼊⺷⎹ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⁛忼叿ᶨ䧖ねデ妲〗炻⮵ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ㆸ攟崟 叿ᷣ⮶ἄ䓐炻≈⻟⮵ṾᾹ䘬⿅゛⺽⮶埴䁢梲ㆸ㔁做ˤ⎴㗪炻⇞⹎⮵ᷕ⮷⬠䓇 䘬ねデ㔁做℟㚱ℏ⛐ᶨ农⿏屓忂⿏ˤ⬠㟉夷䪈⇞⹎ḇ傥⣈㈲⬠䓇䘬ね䵺婧≽ 崟Ἦ炻普⎰崟Ἦ炻ἧシ佑忂忶忁ᶨ䲣↿㳣≽⼿⇘堐䎦⻟⊾ˤ⬫䘬⣂㫉慵墯炻 㚫ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖姀ㅞ䈡⇍㶙⇣䘬䫎嘇炻ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖佺烊䓂军ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖普橼䘬䃉シ 嬀炻ᶨ䧖佌橼䘬䱦䤆冯⽫䎮ˤ ġ
Ḵ
Ḵˣ㔁⭌ℏ䘬朆婆妨ねデ⟹忈ġ
ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 䚠⮵㕤㔜橼㟉⚺侴妨炻㔁⭌䨢攻⇯㗗ᷕ⮷⬠⬠䓇䓇㳣䘬ᶨᾳ⮎⛐䘬℟橼䘬 䴻ⷠ⿏䘬䨢攻炻㔁⭌䨢攻ᶵ㗗ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䞍嬀䌚⼿䘬ᶨᾳ慵天⟜炻㚜㗗ṾᾹ 㭷⣑悥天忚↢䘬ᶨᾳ䓇㳣ᶾ䓴ˤ⚈㬌炻㔁⭌䨢攻䘬ねデ䫎嘇⮵⬠䓇䘬⼙枧㚨 㶙ˤ㔁⭌ℏ䘬ねデ㔁做⺢㥳炻㛔㔯娵䁢⎗ẍ㚱ℑᾳ䵕⹎ȹȹ䨢攻冯㗪攻ˤġ ġ 炷ᶨ炸㔁⭌䨢攻ⶫ⯨䘬ねデ⟹忈ġ ṢᾹ⛐Ṍ⼨忶䦳ᷕ䴻ⷠ⇑䓐䚠⮵ỵ伖ἄ䇚ᾉ嘇Ἦ堐忼ᶨ⭂䘬⏓佑炻⇑䓐䨢 攻ỵ伖Ṍ㳩⿅゛デね炻䨢攻ỵ伖㗗Ṣ栆䘬ᶨ䧖Ṍ晃ⶍ℟炻ḇ䧙䨢攻婆妨ˣṢ晃 嶅暊ˤねデ忂忶䨢攻忚埴⁛㑕炻䨢攻ỵ伖䘬ᶵ⎴䴎ḰḮ⬠䓇ᶵ⎴䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ ⛐ねデ㔁做䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻ㅱ娚忳䓐䨢攻ỵ伖Ἦ㍸檀ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ橼槿炻忁䧖ね デ㔁做䘬䨢攻⚈䳈⊭㊔ⷓ䓇攻嶅暊䘬怈役ˣ⬠䓇⹏ỵ䘬⬱㌺⍲⭌ℏ䨢攻ᶲ䘬姕 伖䫱㕡朊ˤġ 1.⮵㕤䈑䎮䨢攻侴妨炻天䷖䞕ⷓ䓇攻䘬嶅暊炻㍸檀ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⮵㔁做㳣≽䘬 ⍫冯䦳⹎烊⤪㝄㔁ⷓ䘬ỵ伖 䔁⛐㔁⭌䘬⇵㕡ᷕ⣖炻⮵⁛䴙⹏ỵ⬱㌺䘬㔁⭌侴 妨炻㚫䓋䓇⍫冯䘬ᶱ奺⛘ⷞ炻ḇ⯙㗗⍫冯㔁⭌㳣≽䘬⬠䓇炻㚫普ᷕ⛐⇵朊⸦㌺ 月役ᷕ攻ᶱ↮ᷳḴ↿䘬⬠䓇ˤ⛐㔁⭌ᷕ炻幓橼䘬䨢攻⁛忼Ḯⷓ䓇㹅忂炻㔁ⷓ ḇ℟㚱Ḯㅱ㚱䘬奺刚⛘ỵˤ姙⣂侩ⷓ⚈幓橼冯⬠䓇嶅暊庫怈炻侴䃉㱽冯⬠䓇 ⺢䩳奒⭮䘬Ṣ晃斄Ὢ炻⼊ㆸḮᶨ䧖ねデ旣≃ˤ⬠䓇庫╄㬉冯ṾᾹ奒役䘬侩ⷓ炻 ẍ㔁ⷓ伖幓㕤⬠䓇ᷕ忚埴㔁⬠㳣≽㭼⛐⬠䓇㕩怲ˣ⼴朊ㆾ⛸⛐㟴⼴䘬侩ⷓ炻 ἧṢ㚜㚱㹓㘾ˣ⍳┬䘬デ奢ˤ侴⛐冯⬠䓇婯娙ㆾˬᶨ⮵ᶨ˭䘬㔁⬠䑘⠫ᶳ炻庫 ㍍役⬠䓇䘬侩ⷓ炻⬠䓇㚫娵䁢㗗╄ッṾᾹˣ┬妋Ṣシ䘬⤥侩ⷓˤ䚠⍵⛘炻䔞ⷓ 䓇攻嶅暊塓㉱攟炻㔁ⷓ朊冐䘬ねデ㹅忂ね⠫㚫⏰䎦ˬ╖⎹˭䘬ね㱩ˤ㔁ⷓ傥┬ 䓐冯⬠䓇攻䘬幓橼㍍役炻Ἦ栗曚奒≃⍲䛇婈⽫炻䚠ᾉ⽭傥⺞Ỡ冒䘬⼙枧 ≃ˤ晐叿⬠㟉䈑岒㡅ẞ䘬㓡┬炻⬠㟉ㅱ娚ẍ攳㓦⿏ˣ⣂⃫⿏䘬㔁做䨢攻㟤⯨炻 Ἦ⍾ẋ⁛䴙䘬ˬ䦏䓘⺷˭㔁做䨢攻㟤⯨炻㍸檀ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬婚➪ねデ⍫冯柣䌯ねデ橼槿㶙⹎ˤġ 2.天㲐シᷕ⮷⬠䓇䱦䤆䨢攻䘬䘤⯽炻斄㲐ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬㓷デ⽫䎮䉨ンˤ 㔁⭌䴎℞ᷕ䘬ᾳ橼ᶵ㍸ὃḮṌ⼨䘬ね⠫炻㚜喲⏓Ḯ晙╣冯尉⽝炻㔁⭌㗗ᷕ ⮷⬠䓇䱦䤆䨢攻䘤⯽䘬⟜➇ᷳᶨˤ侫娎ᷳ⼴䘬⎵㫉㌺↿炻ᶵ⎴ˬ⮷⛀橼˭ᷳ攻 䘬㐑㒎冯⥍⋼炻ὅ䄏堐䎦䘬䫱䳂姽⭂䫱ᶵ⎴䘬䨢攻冯⟜➇ἧᷕ⮷⬠䓇㚱㗪嗽㕤 㝸ᶨ䫱䳂炻㚱㗪嗽㕤⎎ᶨ䫱䳂炻ṾᾹᶵ㕟⛘⛐䨢攻⸷↿ᷕ䦣≽ˤ㚱ṃ䨢攻㗗堐 䣢䞍嬀ㆾ傥≃䫱䳂䘬ˬ䎮⾝˭䨢攻炻㚱ṃ㗗堐䣢₡ῤㆾㆸ䷦䘬ˬ䈑岒˭䨢攻ˤ 忁㗗ᶨ䧖䴻ⷠ⿏䘬嬲≽炻⬠䓇忂忶忁䧖嬲≽⛐䓙攻昼⸷↿∫↮䘬䨢攻ᷕ㚧㎃叿 ỵ伖炻忁㗗ᶨ䧖䈑岒䨢攻䘬嬲㎃炻㚜㗗ᶨ䧖䱦䤆䨢攻䘬廱㎃ˤ天徸㬍⬴┬㔁做 姽₡彎㱽炻ᶵẍㆸ䷦⮵⬠䓇忚埴㌺⎵ˣ㌺ỵˤ ġ 炷 炷Ḵ炸㔁⭌㗪攻䵕⹎䘬ねデ㺚ℍġ Ṣ栆䓇⬀㕤㗪攻冯ねデᷳᷕ炻仢⣙ảᶨ侭悥暋ẍ㥳ㆸ曰≽䘬ᶾ䓴ˤ㰺㚱㗪 攻炻⯙シ␛叿㰺㚱䘤⯽䘬䨢攻烊㰺㚱ねデ炻⯙シ␛叿㰺㚱ℏ⽫䘬ᶾ䓴ˤ⮵㗪攻 䘬㈲㎉炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ德⽡⛘䎮妋⢾⛐䘬䎦⮎䨢攻烊⮵ねデ䘬橼槿炻ㆹᾹ傥⣈㓷扛 䘬⮑夾ℏ⛐䘬⽫䎮ᶾ䓴ˤ⮵㗪攻䘬㕌㕌妰庫炻㗗ᶨᾳ⮎⮎⛐⛐䘬䎦⮎⓷柴ˤ㔁 做㗗㚨暨天㗪攻䘬Ṣ栆ḳ⊁ᷳᶨˤ⛐⮰攨䘬㔁做㨇㥳ㆸ䩳ᷳ⼴炻㔁做怬天⌈㒂 ⮰攨䘬㗪攻炻䚠ㅱ⛘炻⼿⇘㗪攻ᶲ䘬ᾅ晄炻⎴㗪⍰⍿⇘㗪攻ᶲ䘬旸⇞ˤ㗪攻㗗 㔁做ᶵ傥徜性䘬⓷柴ˤἄ䇚ᾳ橼侴妨炻㗪攻ᶵ㗗℞䓇␥䘬⯢⹎炻ḇ㗗℞䓇 ⬀䘤⯽䘬䨢攻炻㗗ᾳ橼䘤⯽䘬㚨慵天䘬屯㸸ᷳᶨˤ㚱Ḯ㗪攻炻ᾳ橼ㇵ⎗傥⽆ ḳ㳣≽炻岎Ḱ䓇␥ẍシ佑烊㚜忚ᶨ㬍婒炻⎒㚱⛐㚱旸䘬㗪攻ℏ檀㓰䌯⛘⽆ḳ㚱 シ佑䘬㳣≽炻㗪攻ㇵ㚱℞䎦⮎䘬₡ῤˤ⛐ᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻⛐朊⮵㗪攻 䘬⓷柴ᶲ炻ㅱ娚⽆ẍᶳ㕡朊叿ㇳ烉 1.⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻㔁做侭天⎰䎮惵伖婚➪㗪攻冯婚⢾㗪攻ˤねデ㗗晐 㗪晐⛘ᶨ妠⌛䘤䘬ℏ⛐ㆾ⢾⛐⽫䎮㳣≽炻ねデ㔁做ḇㅱỜ晐叿ねデ䘬䃉ᶵ⛐ 咻⺞⇘ᷕ⮷⬠䓇㚱䘬㗪攻ᷕˤ⛐婚➪㗪攻ᶲ炻㔁ⷓᶵ傥㉾⺞ᶲ婚㗪攻炻ẍ 忈ㆸ⬠䓇⮵⬠佺䘬㉝妠ね䵺ˤ⛐婚⢾㗪攻䘬⬱㌺ᶲ炻ᶨ㕡朊㔁ⷓᶵ傥䴎⬠䓇ⶫ
伖忶⣂䘬ἄ㤕烊⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻天梲ㆸ⬠䓇⎰䎮⇑䓐㗪攻䘬列⤥佺ㄋˤ忼⇘婚⢾㗪 攻冯婚➪㗪攻䘬䚠Ḻ惵⎰炻䚠⼿䙲⼘炻⬫Ᾱℙ⎴Ὣ忚ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ㆸ攟ˤ婚 ⢾㗪攻㗗㔜ᾳ⣏㔁做㗪攻䘬㚱㨇䳬ㆸ悐↮ˤᾅ嫱ᷕ⮷⬠䓇㚱⃭嵛䘬㗪攻⍣⿅ 侫ˣ⍣橼槿ˣ⍣∝忈ˤ忂忶婚⢾㗪攻嬻ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⬠㚫冒ᷣ㓗惵㗪攻炻䧵㤝⍫≈ ⎬䧖冰嵋⮷䳬炻教嬨婚⢾嬨䈑炻⍫≈慶⢾恲忲䫱㳣≽炻㚱⇑㕤ᷕ⮷⬠䓇冒ᷣ⬠ 佺傥≃䘬㍸檀Ṣ晃斄Ὢ䘬➡梲炻寸⬠䓇䘬䞍嬀䳸㥳ねデ傥≃ˤ 2.㔁ⷓ天㚵㗪攻㺗ⶖ䘬⓷柴ˤ䃉婾㗗⽆䞍嬀Ⰼ㫉ˣねデ橼槿怬㗗䱦䤆⠫ 䓴㕡朊Ἦ嫃炻㔁ⷓᷕ⮷⬠䓇嗽㕤ᶵ⎴䘬昶㭝ˤ⚈㬌炻⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻㔁 ⷓᶨ⭂天㚵ᷕ⮷⬠䓇ᷳ攻䘬忁䧖㗪攻㺗ⶖ⓷柴ˤ⓷柴䘬妋㰢天ὅ月㔁ⷓ⮵ ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䓇㳣ᶾ䓴ねデᶾ䓴䘬Ḯ妋炻㔁ⷓ天倗专ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬䓇㳣䴻槿炻慵㥳 ねデ妲〗䨢攻炻∝忈↢怑⎰ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘤⯽㯜⸛䘬㗪攻枮⸷⯽攳ねデ㔁做炻ㆾ侭 ⮯ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ℏ⛐シ嬀⍲ℏ⽫ᶾ䓴䘬ねデ⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ怑䔞⛘⯽攳炻㔁ⷓ ⍣㈲㎉⯽攳䘬㗪㨇ˤ忁㗗暨天㔁ⷓᶵ㕟朊⮵䘬⓷柴炻ḇ㗗ᶨ攨暋ẍ㌴㎉䘬喅 埻ˤ⬫天㯪㔁ⷓḮ妋ᷕ⮷⬠䓇炻䎮妋ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬䎦⮎ᶾ䓴炻㚨⤥傥崘忚䪍䘬 ねデ㳣≽䘬㗪䨢ᷳᷕˤ ䷥ᷳ炻⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻ㅱ娚⽆ᷕ⮷⬠䓇⛐䓇㳣ᷕ℟橼⛘⹎忶䘬㗪攻㕡 ⺷↢䘤炻ねデ㔁做ㅱ晐ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘤⯽䉨㱩䘬ᶵ⎴侴ᶵ⎴炻㭷ᶨ枭ⶍἄ悥天㯪ẍ 冯ᷳ䚠ㅱ䘬忇⹎忚埴炻ᶵ崭⇵ḇᶵ㺗⼴ˤ⮯ねデ㔁做䘬埴䁢㓦⇘㔜ᾳ冒䃞䑘 ⠫ˣ䓇䈑䑘⠫䣦㚫䑘⠫ᷕ⍣⿅侫ˤġ
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ᶱˣ㔁ⷓ䘬朆婆妨ねデ⁛忼ġ
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⯙ねデ㔁做Ἦ婒炻㔁ⷓ冒幓⯙㚱姙⣂⚈䳈⎗ẍἄ䇚⮶ℍ⍿㔁侭ねデ䘬⮞屜 屯㸸炻忁ṃ⚈䳈㚱叿⻟䁰䘬ねデ䣢䭬デ⎔ἄ䓐ˤˬ㔁ⷓ䘬ᶨ妨ᶨ埴悥⮵⬠䓇 ⑩⿏䓋䓇叿㼃䦣満⊾䘬⼙枧ˤ㔁ⷓ㛔Ṣ㆟㚱䘬⻟䁰ˣ䁁䅙ˣ㽫⍂⿺ᷭ䘬伶⤥ ねデ炻䋞⤪䀓䧖炻傥溆䅫⬠䓇⽫ᷕ䘬ねデᷳ䀓˭炷⼸┇㔴炻2002炸ˤ⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻㔁ⷓ䘬㚵梦ˣ偊橼婆妨ˣ朊悐堐ね䫱悥⛐⁛忼叿ねデ妲〗ˤṢ䘬朊悐 堐ね㗗ℏ⛐ン⹎䘬㊯䣢☐炻朊悐倴倱檮⻃曚↢⽖䪹䘬䤆刚炻ἧṢ㦪㕤奒役炻Ẍ Ṣ冺㚵炻䴎Ṣ⾓ㄘˤ朊悐倴倱䷫䵲炻揝㜧叿朊⫼炻ἧṢ性侴怈ᷳ炻㛃侴䓇䓷ˤ 䫮侭㚦⮵㝸⇅ᷕᶨ⸜䳂⬠䓇忚埴姒婯炻㚱 90%ẍᶲ⬠䓇㫋岆朊ⷞ⽖䪹ˣ堐ね寸 䘬㔁ⷓˤ ġ 炷 炷ᶨ炸䚖ᾉ嘇䘬ねデシ喲ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ᶵ⎴䘬䛤䤆ˣᶵ⎴䘬㲐夾㕡⺷炻堐忼Ḯᶵ⎴䘬䚖⏓佑炻㚫䓊䓇ᶵ⎴䘬ね デ㹅忂㓰㝄ˤ⛐ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻䚖㚱叿朆ⷠ慵天䘬シ佑ˤἳ⤪炻⇑䓐䚖 ⇞㬊⬠䓇䘬忽夷埴䇚炻⎗ẍᾅ嬟⬠䓇䘬冒⮲⽫ˤ㟡㒂㲐シ䘬夷⇯炻⇢㽨䈑䘬ἄ 䓐䨩䃞 㬊炻⭡㖻⺽崟ṢᾹ䘬㲐シˤ⮵㕤ᶵ⣒⮰⽫䘬⬠䓇Ἦ婒炻⃀䭉㰺㚱㲐シ 侩ⷓ䨞䪇嫃ḮṃṨ湥炻Ữ侩ⷓ嫃婚䘬倚枛㗗⎗ẍデ⍿⇘䘬ˤ䔞忁䧖ᶨ䚜㊩临叿 䘬倚枛䨩䃞㴰⣙㗪炻ṾᾹ㚫ᶵ䓙冒ᷣ⛘㉔柕奨㛃ỽ㓭炻劍侩ⷓḇ䓐♜倭䘬䚖 㲐夾叿Ṿ炻⚃䚖䚠⮵炻晾䃞⼤㬌ᶵ妨炻Ữ⼤㬌悥傥⽫柀䤆㚫炻⌛ἧ℞Ṿ⎴⬠ᶵ ᶨ⭂䞍忻侩ⷓ䘬埴䇚シ⚾℟橼㊯⎹ˤġ 怑䔞䘬䚖ⶉ夾炻⎗ẍ≈㶙⬠䓇䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ⛐㔁做忶䦳ᷕ炻㚱䘬㔁ⷓ╄ 㬉⎒䚳㝸ᶨᾳ⛘㕡䘬⬠䓇炻ㆾ⎒䚳恋ṃㆸ䷦⤥䘬⬠䓇炻㕤㗗ὧ↢䎦Ḯᶨ悐↮⬠ 䓇ᶵ傥⺽崟侩ⷓ㲐シ䘬䎦尉炻忁⯙㗗媪䘬ˬ㔁⬠㬣奺˭ˤˬ㔁⬠㬣奺˭㚫ㇻ㑲 ᶨ悐↮⬠䓇䘬䧵㤝⿏炻㋓ ⬠䓇䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ嗽㕤ˬ㔁⬠㬣奺˭䘬⬠䓇⭡㖻冯 㔁ⷓ䓋䓇ねデ昼敉ˤ㬋䡢䘬 㱽㗗㔁ⷓ天䓐奒↯喡䘬䚖ᷣ≽⛘㋽㋱⬠䓇䘬 夾䶂炻㚱妰∫⛘ᶵ㺷忶㭷ᶨᾳ⬠䓇ˤġ ġ 炷Ḵ炸偊橼婆妨䘬ねデ堐徘ġ 㔁ⷓ⼿橼䘬偊橼埴䇚炻㚫䴎⬠䓇㧡䩳列⤥䘬ⷓ堐⼊尉ˤ⽫䎮⬠䞼䨞炷昛䏎ˣ ∱₺⽟炻2007炸䘤䎦炻Ṣ悥㚱ᶨ⭂䦳⹎䘬ˬ䙖兂梊梻デ˭炻⛐㔁ⷓ⭞攟冯⬠ 䓇䘬䛦⣂㍍妠ᷕ炻ẍ㐇叿ṾᾹ䘬偑儨䴎ḰṾᾹ㑩㉙㚨傥ἧ⬠䓇䓊䓇⻟䁰䘬⸠ 䤷デ⬱ℐデˤ⤪㝄⮵⬠䓇⣂ᶨṃ㑩㉙ˣ㑓㐠炻㚱㗪䓂军㗗奒㙙⛘㉵ㇻ⸦ᶳ炻
⬠䓇⛐⮵⢾Ṍ⼨ẍ⍲㘢≃ˣねデ㕡朊悥㚫㚜ˤ⣏⣂㔠⬠䓇炷⯌℞㗗Ỷ⸜䳂 䘬⬠䓇炸㚨䚳慵䘬㗗ᶨṃ侩ⷓ᷎ᶵ⛐シ䘬⮷䳘䭨炻嬔⤪㉵㉵⬠䓇䘬柕炻斄⽫⬠ 䓇䓇㳣ᷕ䘬⮷嬲⊾ˤ䫮侭娵䁢炻㔁ⷓ䘬朆婆妨埴䁢⎗ẍ墄⃭ˣ≈⻟䓂军ẋ㚧婆 妨炻傥㓞⇘⼰⤥䘬ねデ㔁做㓰㝄ˤ ⛐偊橼婆妨ᷕ炻ㇳ⊊婆妨㗗㔁ⷓ㘖念ἧ䓐䘬偊橼婆妨ˤ偊橼婆妨ᶵ℟㚱 寸䘬堐忼≃炻侴ᶼ≽ἄ嬲⊾㚨⣂ˣ㚨⾓ˣ㚨曰㳣ˤ䓇≽ˣ㳣㻹䘬ㇳ⊊⎗ẍ⡆ ≈婚➪䘬デ㝻≃炻⡆⻟⬠䓇䘬ねデ橼槿ˤ䔞⬠䓇傥㬋䡢⚆䫼⓷柴㗪炻㔁ⷓỠ↢ ⣏㉯㊯炻堐䣢孂㎂䫱ㇳ⊊䴎⬠䓇ᶨ䧖溻⊝䘬デ奢炻忁ṃ偊橼婆妨䘬溻⊝⼨⼨㭼 䚜㍍䘬婆妨溻⊝㚜嬻⬠䓇橼槿⇘╄〭⸠䤷ˤ⚈㬌炻〘⇘⤥嗽⛘忳䓐偊橼婆妨 㗗ᶨ攨喅埻炻㗗⋩↮⽭天䘬炻傥⺽崟⬠䓇ねデ橼槿䘬ἄ䓐ˤġ ġ 炷 炷ᶱ炸㚵梦婆妨䘬ねデ⮶⺽ġ ッ伶ᷳ⽫Ṣ䘮㚱ᷳ炻⢾尴伶傥䓋䓇⏠⺽≃炻傥䌚⼿⤥デˤ忁㗗⚈䇚⢾尴伶 傥䓋䓇ᶨ䧖㚰㘰㓰ㅱ炻ἧṢᾹἄ↢⤥䘬㍐婾ˤ㚵梦⎗ẍ⏓呬⛘ˣ攻㍍⛘⎹ṾṢ ㍸ὃ妲〗炻⮵ṾṢ䘬ねデ埴䇚䓋䓇⼙枧ˤˬṢᾹṌ㳩⿅゛デね䘬ᷣ天ⶍ℟㗗 婆妨炻Ữ㗗䔞婆妨堐忼⍿⇘⇞䲬㗪炻ḇ⎗ẍ忂忶㚵梦Ἦ⁛怆妲〗炻⇑䓐㚵梦⎹ ṾṢἄ↢㘿䣢ˤ㍍⍿侭㟡㒂䔞㗪䘬ね㘗傥ἄ↢㬋䡢䘬䎮妋˭炷㛶㜘佌炻2002炸ˤ 㔁ⷓ䘬㚵梦㗗ねデ㔁做忶䦳ᷕᶨᾳ㼃⛐䘬ˣᶵ⎗⾥夾䘬⚈䳈ˤ㚵梦㗗㔁ⷓ 䘬⢾⛐堐䎦炻⎗ẍ堐䎦㔁ⷓ䘬䱦䤆䉨ン㔯㖶䦳⹎ˤ㔁ⷓ堋叿㔜㻼ˣ℠晭炻⮵ ⬠䓇℟㚱⮶⎹㼃䦣満⊾䘬ᷭ怈⼙枧ˤ⤪㝄㔁ⷓ堋叿ᶵᾖ怲ⷭ炻堋ⅈᶵ㔜炻咔 柕❊朊炻栗䃞ᶵ晭烊⎎⢾炻崭㗪檎ˣ崭⇵堃䘬叿墅ḇ⎗傥㚫ⷞἮ姙⣂屈朊⼙枧ˤ ᷕ⮷⬠㔁ⷓ朊⮵䘬㗗㧉ầ傥≃⼰⻟䘬ᷕ⮷⬠䓇炻ṾᾹ䘬ᶨ妨ᶨ埴ˣᶨ冱ᶨ≽悥 ⎗傥ㆸ䇚⬠䓇㧉ầ䘬⮵尉ˤᶨ凔Ἦ婒炻㔁ⷓ⛐怠㑯㚵梦㗪炻昌侫ㄖᾳṢ䘬⮑伶 奨⢾炻怬⽭枰㍍⍿䣦㚫㔯⊾夷䭬炻℞㚵墅ㅱẍ㔜㻼ˣ㧠䳈ˣ⣏㕡䁢➢㛔⍇⇯ˤ ⏎⇯⯙㚫╏屻⤒ᷣ炻㈲⬠䓇䘬㲐シ≃廱䦣⇘⮵㔁ⷓ堋叿䘬⑩柕婾嵛ᶲἮˤ㔁ⷓ ẍ䪗匲䘬㚵梦䣢䭬炻㖊㗗㔁ⷓ⽆㔁䘬慵天㡅ẞ炻⍰㗗㔁ⷓ做Ṣ䘬慵天㍒㕥ˤ伶 䘬㔁ⷓ㚵梦傥⣈➡梲⬠䓇㬋䡢䘬⮑伶奨炻⮵⬠䓇忚埴ッ伶ˣ嫃伶ˣ⮑伶䘬㔁做ˤ
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ねデ㔁做ᶵ㗗僓暊ᾳ橼䘬ᶨ枭䯉╖䘬䥹⬠䞍嬀⁛㌰㈨傥➡梲䘬忶䦳ˤ冯 ⬠䓇ねデ橼槿䃉斄䘬娙婆➡妻炻᷎ᶵ傥妋㰢ᷕ⮷⬠䓇朊⮵䓇㳣ᶾ䓴䘬⚘べ䔹 暋炻䓂军怈暊ḮᾳṢ伖幓䘬ねデ䓇㳣ᶾ䓴ˤねデ㔁做⮯ᾳ橼圵ℍ䎦⮎䘬䓇㳣 ᶾ䓴ᷳᷕ炻⤪㬌炻ㆹᾹ䇚⬠䓇㔆攳䘬ㇵᶵ㚫㗗ᶨᾳ㉥尉䘬ᶾ䓴炻侴㗗ᶨᾳṢ㗪 㗪⇣⇣冯ṾṢ䘤䓇Ṍ㳩䘬䛇⮎䓇㳣ᶾ䓴ˤ ねデ㔁做慵夾Ṣ⽫曰䘬➡㢵炻慵夾Ṣ⬴㔜䱦䤆䘬⺢㥳炻慵夾ℐṢ㟤䘬➡ 梲炻㖐⎹ᾳ橼ねデ䓇㳣䘬寸䱦䤆⑩岒䘬㍸檀炻徥㯪㍸檀Ṣ䘬䓇␥岒慷ˤ ⛐㬌忶䦳ᷕ炻朆婆妨䫎嘇㈖㺼叿慵天䘬奺刚炻ῤ⼿㔁做ⶍἄ侭䔁シˤ㛔㔯⺢嬘 ⎗⽆㟉⚺䑘⠫䘬朆婆妨ねデ⺢㥳ˣ㔁⭌ℏ䘬朆婆妨ねデ⟹忈㔁ⷓ㛔幓䘬朆婆 妨ねデ⁛忼ᶱ㕡朊Ḱẍ句⮎ˤ!!!!!!!!!
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ᷕ⚳⣏䘦䥹ℐ㚠·婆妨㔯⫿炷1994炸ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉ᷕ⚳⣏䘦䥹ℐ㚠↢䇰䣦ˤ 㛙⮷咻炷1993炸ˤねねデ⽟做婾䵙ˤ⋿Ṕⶪ烉⋿Ṕ↢䇰䣦ˤ 㛙⮷咻炷1999炸ˤ婯媏㔁做ˤ㶙㶙⛛㔁做⬠昊⬠⟙炻6炻23-26ˤ 㛙⮷咻炷2007炸ˤねねデ㔁做婾䵙ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉Ṣ㮹↢䇰䣦ˤ 㛙⮷咻ˣ㠭ẚ周炷1998炸ˤ䪍ねデ䘤⯽冯㔁做ˤ⋿Ṕⶪ烉㰇喯㔁做↢䇰䣦ˤ 㛙㼄炷1982炸ˤ㛙㛙㼃伶⬠㔯普炻䫔 1 ⌟ˤᶲ㴟ⶪ烉ᶲ㴟㔯喅↢䇰䣦ˤ 㛶‹佌炷2002炸ˤ朆朆婆妨Ṍ晃㤪婾ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉⊿Ṕ⣏⬠↢䇰䣦ˤ ⏛㵹よ (2012)ˤ㶢婯ねデ㔁做ᷳ慵天⿏ˤ㔁㔁做悐暣⫸⟙炻35ˤ20120610 ᶳ庱 冒烉http://epaper.naer.edu.tw/index.php?edm_no=35& content_no=943 恙㖶㬋炷1993炸ˤ⮑⮑伶⽫䎮⬠ˤᶲ㴟ⶪ烉⽑㖎⣏⬠↢䇰䣦ˤ 㰰▱䤢炷2005炸ˤ䫎嘇䎮婾⮵ねデ㔁做䘬┇䣢ˤ⢾⢾⚳ᷕ⮷⬠㔁做炻11炻17-21ˤ 傉Ἓ炷2006炸ˤ⚆⚆㬠䱦䤆䘬⭞⚺—䔞Ṳᷕ⬠㟉⚺㇞⢾䨢攻姕妰䆇忈䘬㍊妶ˤ⊿ Ṕⶪ烉ᷕ⚳伶埻⬠昊⺢䭱喅埻⬠昊䡑⢓婾㔯ˤ炷㛒↢䇰炸 ⼸┇㔴炷2002炸ˤ忻⽟ねデ➡做⍇⇯㍊㕘ˤᶲᶲ棺ⷓ䭬⬠昊⬠⟙炻5炻75-79ˤ 昛䏎ˣ∱₺⽟炷2007炸ˤ䔞䔞ẋ㔁做⽫䎮⬠炷䫔Ḵ䇰炸ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉⊿Ṕⷓ䭬⣏⬠ ↢䇰䣦ˤ 昛㕘春炷2008炸ˤᷕᷕ⮷⬠ねデ㔁做仢ỵ䎦䉨冯⮵䫾↮㜸ˤᶲ㴟ⶪ烉厗㜙ⷓ䭬⣏ ⬠䡑⢓婾㔯ˤ炷㛒↢䇰炸 欂曆炷1999炸ˤねねデ㔁做ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉㔁做䥹⬠↢䇰䣦ˤ 暚屜⼔炷2006炸ˤ朆朆婆妨Ṍ晃冯㔯⊾ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉ᷕ⚳⁛⨺⣏⬠↢䇰䣦ˤ ⪳炷2003炸ˤね䵺㘢≃冯ᷕ⮷⬠䓇䘬ねデ㔁做ˤ⢾⢾⚳ᷕ⮷⬠㔁做炻3炻46-49ˤ 㣲枞∃炷2002炸ˤ劙⚳䘬 PSHE ねデ㔁做㧉⺷姽㜸ˤ㔁㔁做䥹⬠炻1炻23-27ˤ ∱⣏➢炷嬗炸炷1986炸ˤねねデ冯⼊⺷炷⍇ἄ侭烉Susan·Langer炸ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉ᷕ⚳ 䣦㚫䥹⬠↢䇰䣦ˤ⊝䅩炷2004炸ˤ⽆⬠䓇䣦㚫㘢≃䘬䘤⯽婯ねデ㔁⬠䘬⮎㕥ˤ戭戭昝⬠昊⬠⟙炻1炻 17-20ˤ 䚏⭞⩂炷2001炸ˤねねデ㔁⬠⽫䎮⬠ˤᶲ㴟ⶪ烉ᶲ㴟㔁做↢䇰䣦ˤ 散ㇵ炷2002炸ˤ㔁做䘬䓇␥シ嬀—䓙勺慶㔯⊾冯⚺喅㔯⊾䘬〾婾婯崟ˤ㶭㶭厗 ⣏⬠㔁做䞼䨞炻2炻49-54ˤ 伭列炷2007炸ˤね㘗㔁⬠䘬⽫䎮⬠姢慳—姽㛶⎱㜿㔁做⿅゛ˤ㔁㔁做䞼䨞炻2炻 37-40ˤ 伭⼑喯炷2004炸ˤ⇅ᷕ䈑䎮㔁⬠ᷕ⬠䓇ねデ⚈䳈䘬婧㍏䫾䔍ˤ⺋⺋大㔁做⬠昊⬠ ⟙炻5炻43-47ˤ 漸⬠炷1992炸ˤ䎮䎮⿏㔁做⍲℞崭崲ˤ⣑㳍ⶪ烉⣑㳍䣦㚫䥹⬠↢䇰䣦ˤ Feldman.R.S炷2004炸ˤ㘖㘖忂⽫䎮⬠烉䫔ℕ䇰ˤ⊿Ṕⶪ烉Ṣ㮹悝暣↢䇰䣦ˤ
