Linux服务器配置与管理实训教程 - 万水书苑-出版资源网

(1)

ʷǌࠄᝫᄬᄊ ❳ᙝ CentOS ㋏㒳ⱘᅝ㺙ℹ偸˗❳ᙝ Linux ᪡԰㋏㒳ⱘߚऎ˗❳ᙝ㋏㒳ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣⱘᅝܼϢ Ⳍ݇খ᭄Ǆ ̄ǌ߷ᜉ൦ᰡ ਃࡼᯊˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᰒ⼎ϔϾ⃶䖢⬠䴶੠ᓩᇐᦤ⼎ˈབ೒ 1-1 ᠔⼎Ǆ ೒ 1-1 ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣਃࡼ⬠䴶䕧ܹ Esc 䬂ৢˈᓩᇐᦤ⼎ЎԴᦤկ㄀ϔϾϢ Anaconda ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᇍ䆱ⱘᴎӮǄ䗮ᐌҎӀা 䳔㽕ᣝಲ䔺䬂ˈ៪ㄝᕙᦤ⼎䍙ᯊˈПৢᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᇚ㒻㓁ᣝ咬䅸䆒㕂䖤㸠Ǆབᵰ೼ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᓩᇐ ᦤ⼎ЁࡴϞབ㸼 1-1 ᠔⼎ⱘᓩᇐখ᭄ˈᇚׂᬍ Anaconda ⱘ咬䅸㸠ЎǄ 㸼 1-1 ᓩᇐ Anaconda ᯊᐌ⫼ⱘখ᭄ খ᭄ ԰⫼ text ᔎࠊᅝ㺙⿟ᑣՓ⫼᭛ᴀ῵ᓣ䖯㸠ᅝ㺙 resolution=MhN ᔎࠊ೒ᔶ X ᳡ࡵ఼Փ⫼ሣᐩߚ䕼⥛ MhNˈ݊Ё MǃN Ў᭄ᄫˈ՟བ 1024h768 lowres 䆒㕂ߚ䕼⥛Ў 640h480 askmethod 䆶䯂䖯ܹᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ㄀Ѡ䰊↉ⱘᮍ⊩˄བᵰϡՓ⫼ CD Ⲭᅝ㺙˅

(2)

㓁㸼

খ᭄ ԰⫼

mediacheck ೼䖯㸠ᅝ㺙ࠡᇍ CD Ёⱘ᭛ӊ䖯㸠ᅠᭈᗻẔ⌟ noprobe ϡ㽕㞾ࡼᇏᡒ⹀ӊ

rescue ϡᠻ㸠ᅝ㺙ˈ㗠ᰃՓ⫼ Anaconda 䖤㸠ᬥᧈ Shell 䖯㸠㋏㒳ׂ໡

ᔧ㒭ߎᓩᇐখ᭄ᯊˈᓩᇐ⿟ᑣੑҸ㸠ⱘ㄀ϔϾᷛ䆄ϔᅮᰃ linux 䖭Ͼ䆡Ǆৢ䴶ⱘᷛ䆄ৃҹ Ңࠡ䴶ⱘ߫㸼Ё䗝ᢽǄ঺໪ˈབᵰᰃᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ᮴⊩䆚߿ⱘᷛ䆄ˈህᇚ݊Ӵ㒭 Linux ݙḌ԰Ў ݙḌᓩᇐখ᭄Ǆ

೼ϟ䴶ⱘ՟ᄤЁˈ⫼᠋䗝ᢽњℷ⹂ⱘᓩᇐখ᭄ᴹҹ᭛ᴀ῵ᓣਃࡼᅝ㺙⿟ᑣˈᑊ೼ᓔྟᅝ 㺙ࠡ䖯㸠ҟ䋼ẔᶹǄ

boot: linux text mediacheck ೒ 1-1 Ёᰒ⼎ⱘ䗝乍Ў˖ ㄀ϔ乍Ўᅝ㺙៪छ㑻Ꮖ㒣ᄬ೼ⱘ㋏㒳Ǆ ㄀Ѡ乍Ўᅝ㺙ᏺ᳝෎ᴀⱘᰒव偅ࡼⱘ㋏㒳Ǆ ㄀ϝ乍Ў㋻ᗹᬥᧈ῵ᓣਃࡼ㋏㒳Ǆ ㄀ಯ乍ЎҢᴀഄਃࡼ㋏㒳Ǆ ㄀Ѩ乍Ўݙᄬ⌟䆩Ǆ 䗝ᢽ㄀ϔ乍ৢˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᰒ⼎⃶䖢⬠䴶ˈབ೒ 1-2 ᠔⼎Ǆ ೒ 1-2 ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ⃶䖢⬠䴶 ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ佪ܜӮ㽕∖⫼᠋䗝ᢽড়䗖ⱘ䇁㿔ˈབ೒ 1-3 ᠔⼎Ǆ೼ৢ䴶ⱘᅝ㺙䖛⿟ЁӮϔⳈՓ ⫼䗝Ёⱘ䇁㿔ˈᑊᇚ݊䆒ЎᏆᅝ㺙㋏㒳ⱘ咬䅸䇁㿔Ǆ

(3)

೒ 1-3 䇁㿔䗝ᢽ⬠䴶 ᥹ϟᴹᅝ㺙⿟ᑣӮ䆶䯂䬂ⲬᏗሔˈབ೒ 1-4 ᠔⼎Ǆ䗝Ёⱘ䬂ⲬᏗሔᇚ೼ৢ䴶ⱘᅝ㺙䖛⿟ҹ ঞᅝ㺙དⱘ㋏㒳Ёֱ⬭Ǆ ೒ 1-4 䬂ⲬᏗሔ䗝ᢽ⬠䴶 Пৢᰃ䗝ᢽᅝ㺙ⱘᄬټ㉏ൟˈ⬅Ѣᴀкϡ䅼䆎᳈໡ᴖⱘ䴲ᴀഄᄬټᅝ㺙ᮍᓣˈ಴ℸা㽕䗝ᢽ咬䅸ⱘ෎ᴀᄬټ䆒໛ेৃˈབ೒ 1-5 ᠔⼎Ǆ

(4)

೒ 1-5 䗝ᢽ⺕Ⲭ䆒໛ ऩߏĀϟϔℹāᣝ䪂䖯ܹབ೒ 1-6 ᠔⼎ⱘ⬠䴶ˈ೼⬠䴶ЁৃҹⳈ᥹䕧ܹ㽕ᅝ㺙㋏㒳ⱘЏᴎ ৡˈгৃҹ䗝ᢽՓ⫼咬䅸ؐˈ೼ᅝ㺙ᅠ↩ৢݡ䗮䖛ৢ㓁䜡㕂៪㗙݊Ҫᮍᓣ˄՟བ DHCP˅ᴹ㞾 ࡼ㦋প䖭Ͼ㋏㒳ⱘЏᴎৡǄऩߏĀ䜡㕂㔥㒰āᣝ䪂ህৃҹ䖯ܹᴎ఼ⱘ㘨㔥䜡㕂ֵᙃ⬠䴶Ǆ CentOS 6.4㋏㒳ᓩܹњ੠Пࠡ⠜ᴀϡৠⱘ NetworkManager Ꮉ݋⬠䴶ᴹㅵ⧚ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣⱘ㔥㒰䜡㕂Ǆ ೒ 1-6 Џᴎৡ䜡㕂⬠䴶

(5)

ऩߏĀ䜡㕂㔥㒰āᣝ䪂ৢˈህৃҹ೼ᔍߎⱘĀ㔥㒰䖲᥹ā䗝乍वЁ䗝ᢽ䳔㽕䜡㕂ⱘ㔥वˈ ᑊϨ䗝ᢽ㓪䕥ᣛᅮⱘ㔥वˈ䖯ܹ݋ԧ㔥㒰খ᭄䕧ܹⱘ⬠䴶ˈབ೒ 1-7 ᠔⼎Ǆ ೒ 1-7 㔥व IP ഄഔ䆒㕂⬠䴶 ऩߏĀϟϔℹāᣝ䪂ˈ䖯ܹབ೒ 1-8 ᠔⼎ⱘᣛᅮᯊऎֵᙃⱘ⬠䴶ǄᅮНᯊऎⱘᴵⳂЁࣙᣀ ᴀഄᯊ䯈ण䆂ˈ↨བ໣ҸᯊǄ঺໪ˈLinux ܕ䆌 BIOS ᯊ䩳䆒ᅮЎᴀഄᯊ䯈ˈгৃҹ䆒ᅮЎܼ ⧗ᯊ䯈˄UTC˅Ǆৢ㗙ᰃ᳈ᮍ֓ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ⡍߿ᰃᇍ䳔㽕㒣ᐌ䇗ᭈᯊऎⱘ᠟ᦤ⬉㛥⫼᠋Ǆᔧᬍব ᯊऎᯊˈBIOS ḍᴀϡ⫼䇗ᭈˈা㽕ᦤկৃ⫼ᴹ㾷ᵤᯊऎⱘֵᙃህৃҹњǄ ೒ 1-8 䗝ᢽᯊऎֵᙃ⬠䴶

(6)

ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ᥹ϟᴹ䆶䯂ḍ⫼᠋˄ㅵ⧚䋺᠋˅ⱘᆚⷕˈབ೒ 1-9 ᠔⼎Ǆ ೒ 1-9 ḍᆚⷕ䆒㕂⬠䴶 ⊼ᛣ˖༪႔ྡྷّۦುԅੁ৲ωϢಾྡྷߑఘ྾ԅಹdຏੋಾދඨΑࠀۚԅੁ৲༪႔І৛d ď1Đੁ৲ᆫ໌Щէ࿫ၽ 8 สྻ౨d ď2Đੁ৲࿫ͧۃӖໟᆓ੻c໌ໟᆓ੻ۤඋ೙׸ۜďఢ$c#c%c&ԉĐd ď3Đੁ৲Ϣͧۃّఆ໰๯d ď4Đੁ৲࿫ఘ྾ޚ࿋d ੠݊Ҫ᪡԰㋏㒳ϡৠˈLinux Փ⫼њ UNIX ᇚ᠔᳝⺕Ⲭߚऎড়ᑊЎϔϾ㒳ϔⱘⳂᔩᷥ㒧 ᵘⱘ῵ᓣǄᅗᇚϡৠߚऎⱘḍⳂᔩ㒥ᅮࠄϔϾ㒳ϔⳂᔩᷥⱘ⡍ᅮⳂᔩЁˈ㗠ϡᰃᇚ⺕Ⲭߚऎᣛ ᅮЎĀC:ā៪㗙ĀD:āǄᇚߚऎⱘḍⳂᔩϢ݊ҪⳂᔩ㒥ᅮⱘࡼ԰ህᰃᣖ䕑ⱘ䖛⿟ˈⳂᷛⳂᔩህ ᰃߚऎⱘᣖ䕑⚍Ǆ ᔧᠻ㸠ᅝ㺙ᯊˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ䳔㽕њ㾷㽕߯ᓎ໮ᇥϾߚऎǃߚऎᑨ䆹᳝໮໻ҹঞ೼ા䞠ᣖ䕑 ߚऎǄ঺໪ˈ⬅Ѣ Linux ᬃᣕ޴⾡ϡৠⱘ᭛ӊ㋏㒳ᴹḐᓣ࣪ߚऎˈ಴ℸᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ䳔㽕њ㾷ߚ ऎՓ⫼ⱘ᭛ӊ㋏㒳ᰃҔМǄ ߚऎৃ㛑ᰃᅝ㺙 Linux ㋏㒳䖛⿟Ё᳔໡ᴖⱘ䚼ߚˈᑊϨϔᮺ㋏㒳ᅝ㺙៤ࡳˈᅗгᰃⳌᇍ ↨䕗䲒᳈ᬍⱘ䚼ߚǄ೼᳝݇ߚऎⱘ㄀ϔϾ⬠䴶Ёˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ䆶䯂䞛⫼ા⾡⺕ⲬߚऎᮍḜˈབ೒ 1-10᠔⼎Ǆ བᵰϡ䗝ᢽᎺϟ㾦ⱘĀᶹⳟᑊׂᬍߚऎᏗሔā໡䗝ḚˈAnaconda ህӮᣝ✻乘䆒ⱘᮍᓣ䚼㕆೼⺕ⲬϞ䚼㕆ߚऎҹঞ䘏䕥ोǄ咬䅸ߚऎᬜᵰབ೒ 1-11 ᠔⼎Ǆ 䋺

(7)

೒ 1-10 Anaconda ߚऎ䗝ᢽ⬠䴶 ೒ 1-11 咬䅸ⱘ㞾ࡼߚऎ⬠䴶 ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ೼䖭ϔ⬠䴶ⱘ乊䚼ᰒ⼎њ᠔᳝᥶⌟ࠄⱘ⺕Ⲭ߫㸼ঞᔧࠡߚऎᮍḜǄ೼ᑩ䚼᳝ϔ Ͼ㸼Ḑ߫ߎњ᠔᳝⺕Ⲭঞ݊ߚऎⱘ䆺㒚䌘᭭Ǆ೼ᔧࠡ⬠䴶Ёৃ߯ᓎᮄⱘߚऎˈ៪㗙㓪䕥ǃߴ䰸 Ꮖᄬ೼ⱘߚऎǄབᵰ㽕߯ᓎᮄߚऎˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣӮᠧᓔϔϾѠ㑻ᇍ䆱にষᴹᬊ䲚᳝݇ᮄߚऎⱘֵ ᙃˈབ೒ 1-12 ᠔⼎Ǆ

(8)

೒ 1-12 ⏏ࡴᮄⱘߚऎ⬠䴶 ᔧ߯ᓎᮄߚऎⱘᯊ׭㽕ᦤկҹϟ 3 乍䞡㽕ֵᙃǄ ˄1˅⫼䖭ϾߚऎᴹخҔМ˛ Ўњℷ⹂߱ྟ࣪ߚऎˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᖙ乏њ㾷ߚऎⱘ⫼䗨ǄĀ᭛ӊ㋏㒳㉏ൟāⱘᔍߎ㦰ऩৃᦤ կϟ߫䗝乍Ǆ 1˅᭛ӊ㋏㒳˖໻໮᭄ߚऎᰃ⫼ᴹֱᄬ᭛ӊˈᑊৃ⫼᭛ӊ㋏㒳䖯㸠Ḑᓣ࣪Ǆᅝ㺙⿟ᑣৃՓ

⫼ ext2ǃext3ǃext4 ៪㗙 vfat ᭛ӊ㋏㒳ᴹḐᓣ࣪ߚऎǄ೼ red hat CentOS 6.4 ЁˈՓ⫼ ext4 ᭛ ӊ㋏㒳԰Ў咬䅸ⱘ᭛ӊ㋏㒳Ǆ

2˅swap˄Ѹᤶߚऎ˅˖䆹ߚऎ⫼ᴹᄬټᔧ㋏㒳⠽⧚ݙᄬϡ䎇ᯊˈЈᯊᄬᬒᔧࠡϡ䳔㽕ⱘ

ݙᄬ义Ǆ

3˅RAID ៪㗙䘏䕥ोㅵ⧚˄Logical Volume Managementˈㅔ⿄ LVM˅˖ߚऎᇚ㹿⫼ᴹᵘ៤ ᳈໡ᴖⱘ㒧ᵘˈ䖭⾡㒧ᵘৃᦤկ᳈ᖿⱘ䗳ᑺ˄䗮䖛ᑊ㸠࣪˅ǃ᳈ᔎⱘᔍᗻ˄䗮䖛ݫԭ˅੠᳈໮ ⱘ♉⌏ᗻ˄䗮䖛䯈᥹԰⫼˅Ǆ ˄2˅ߚऎᑨ䆹᳝໮໻˛ Ўњ㽕њ㾷䳔㽕ߚ䜡ⱘぎ䯈໻ᇣˈAnaconda 䳔㽕ⶹ䘧ߚऎ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ໻ᇣ˄ҹ MB Ўऩԡ˅Ǆ ⫼ϟ䴶ⱘϔϾ䗝乍ৃҹ䰤ᅮߚऎⱘ໻ᇣǄ 1˅೎ᅮ໻ᇣ˖ߚऎᑨ䆹੠ᣛᅮⱘ໻ᇣᅠܼⳌヺǄ 2˅᳝䰤ߚऎ˖ᣛᅮⱘߚऎ໻ᇣᑨ⧚㾷Ўߚऎ໻ᇣⱘϟ䰤ˈᑊৃᣛᅮߚऎ໻ᇣⱘϞ䰤Ǆᕫ ࠄⱘߚऎᇚ㟇ᇥЎᣛᅮⱘ໻ᇣˈԚᰃ˄ḍ᥂݊Ҫߚऎ᪡԰˅ৃՓ⫼᳾ߚ䜡ⱘ⺕Ⲭぎ䯈ˈ᳔໮ৃ 䖒ᣛᅮⱘ᳔໻ؐǄ 3˅䴲䰤ᅮߚऎ˖ᣛᅮⱘ໻ᇣᑨ⧚㾷Ўߚऎ໻ᇣⱘϟ䰤ˈԚᕫࠄⱘߚऎᑨ䆹ৃՓ⫼⡍ᅮ偅 ࡼ఼Ϟ᠔᳝᳾ߚ䜡ⱘ⺕Ⲭぎ䯈Ǆ ˄3˅ᑨ䆹೼ા䞠ᣖ䕑ߚऎ˛ ؛䆒Ꮖ㒣⫼᭛ӊ㋏㒳ᇚߚऎ䖯㸠њḐᓣ࣪ˈ䙷Мህϔᅮ㽕ᣛᅮϔϾᣖ䕑⚍ᴹᇚߚऎᑊܹ Ⳃᔩ㒧ᵘǄ 1˅ߴ䰸ߚऎ˖ߴ䰸ߚऎⱘ䖛⿟ᕜㅔऩǄ䗝Ё߫㸼ЁⱘߚऎˈऩߏĀߴ䰸āᣝ䪂ᇚߚऎߴ䰸 ेৃǄ

(9)

2˅⏏ࡴߚऎ˖䗝Ё೒ 1-11 Ё⹀Ⲭ偅ࡼ఼߫㸼Ёⱘ⹀Ⲭߚऎ៪㗙ो㒘ˈ✊ৢऩߏĀ߯ᓎā ᣝ䪂ˈߎ⦄೒ 1-12 ЁĀ⫳៤ᄬټā⬠䴶ˈՓ⫼咬䅸䗝乍ˈऩߏĀ߯ᓎāᣝ䪂ˈߎ⦄೒ 1-12 Ё Ā⏏ࡴߚऎā⬠䴶ˈׂᬍⳌᑨⱘখ᭄ৢˈऩߏĀ⹂ᅮāᣝ䪂ˈ䖭ḋህ߯ᓎњϔϾߚऎǄ 3˅㓪䕥Ꮖᄬ೼ⱘߚऎ˖䗝Ё೒ 1-11 Ё⹀Ⲭ偅ࡼ఼߫㸼Ёⱘ⹀Ⲭߚऎ៪㗙ो㒘ˈ✊ৢऩߏ Ā㓪䕥āᣝ䪂ˈߎ⦄བ೒ 1-13 ᠔⼎ⱘ⬠䴶ˈḍ᥂㽕∖ׂᬍⳌᑨⱘখ᭄ৢˈऩߏĀ⹂ᅮāᣝ䪂 ᅠ៤ߚऎⱘ㓪䕥Ǆ ೒ 1-13 㓪䕥ߚऎ⬠䴶䗝ᅮߚऎᮍḜৢˈAnaconda Ӯ䆶䯂㋏㒳ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣⱘ䜡㕂ֵᙃˈབ೒ 1-14 ᠔⼎Ǆᓩᇐ⿟ᑣ ᰃϔϾᇣൟǃᑩሖৃᠻ㸠᭛ӊˈᅗৃᇚ᥻ࠊᴗҢ BIOS 䕀⿏㒭䗝ᢽⱘ᪡԰㋏㒳ǄᇍѢ䆌໮᪡ ԰㋏㒳ᴹ䇈ˈᓩᇐ⿟ᑣᰃϔϾ⫼᠋ϡњ㾷ⱘὖᗉǄ಴Ў Linux ᳝Ϣ݊Ҫ᪡԰㋏㒳݅ᄬⱘܜ՟ˈ ಴ℸ Linux ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣ䗮ᐌᕜ♉⌏ˈᑊᆍᯧ䜡㕂Ǆ ᳝ᯊ׭ˈᔧ䜡㕂ঠᓩᇐ˄dual-boot˅㋏㒳˄೼ਃࡼᯊ೼ৃ㛑ᅝ㺙ⱘ໮Ͼ᪡԰㋏㒳Ё䖯㸠䗝 ᢽⱘᓩᇐ㋏㒳˅ᯊˈㅵ⧚ਬᏠᳯֱ⬭ϔϾᏆᄬ೼ⱘᓩᇐ⿟ᑣǄ䖭ᰃϾ՟໪ˈ䗮ᐌⱘ㾘߭ᰃᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᑨ䆹ᣝ咬䅸䆒㕂ᇚ GRUB ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣᅝ㺙ࠄ⺕ⲬЏᓩᇐ䆄ᔩЁ˄Master Boot Recordˈㅔ⿄

MBR˅ˈՓ⫼ GRUB ԰Ў咬䅸ⱘ᪡԰㋏㒳ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣǄ ಴Ў GRUB ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣ䴲ᐌ♉⌏ˈ᠔ҹᔧ⫼᠋Փ⫼ᅗᴹᓩᇐ㋏㒳䖯ܹ㓈ᡸ῵ᓣᯊˈৃ㛑Ӯ ᏺᴹᅝܼ䱤ᙷǄ᮴䆎ԩᯊˈ೼㗗㰥ᅝܼ䯂乬ᯊˈᑨ䆹⫼ᆚⷕֱᡸᓩᇐ⿟ᑣǄ ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ᥹ϟᴹӮ䅽⫼᠋އᅮᅝ㺙ҔМḋⱘ䕃ӊǄ೼ CentOS 6.4 Ёˈ䕃ӊࣙߚ㒘㹿ߛߚ ᕫ↨Пࠡ᳈ࡴ㒚ᇣˈ಴ℸгৃҹᡞ㋏㒳ᅝ㺙ᕫ᳈ࡴ㊒⹂Ǆℷᐌᴹ䇈ˈ԰ЎϔϾӕϮ㑻ⱘ᳡ࡵ఼ ㋏㒳ˈ⫼᠋೼᳡ࡵ఼Ϟᑨ䆹াᅝ㺙㞾Ꮕ䳔㽕ⱘ੠ᖙ㽕ⱘ㋏㒳ҹঞᑨ⫼䕃ӊǄ䖭ḋخЏ㽕ᰃߎѢ ᅝܼᮍ䴶ⱘ㗗㰥Ǆ؛䆒⫼᠋ᅝ㺙ϔৄ Linux ᳡ࡵ఼ⱘⳂⱘᰃ⫼Ѣϛ㓈㔥᳡ࡵ఼˄http ᳡ࡵ఼˅ˈ 䙷Мህϡᑨ䆹ᅝ㺙ᑊϨᠧᓔ Samba ᭛ӊ݅ѿ᳡ࡵ఼៪㗙 VNC 䖰⿟Ḡ䴶䖲᥹᳡ࡵǄ

(10)

೒ 1-14 ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣᓩᇐ⿟ᑣ⬠䴶

಴Ў䖭ѯϡ䳔㽕Ԛᰃै䖤㸠ⴔⱘ᳡ࡵ఼ৃ㛑Ӯ⬅ѢᅗӀᴀ䑿ⱘᅝܼ䯂乬ᇐ㟈䳔㽕ℷᐌ䖤㸠ⱘ HTTP ᳡ࡵফࠄᕅડˈ঺໪г๲ࡴњ᳡ࡵ఼㓈ᡸⱘᯊ䯈ҹঞ໡ᴖᑺǄ䕃ӊ䗝ᢽⱘ⬠䴶བ೒ 1-15᠔⼎Ǆ

(11)

བᵰᣛᅮ㽕㞾ᅮН䗝ᢽ䕃ӊ˄䗝ЁĀ⦄೼㞾ᅮНāऩ䗝ᣝ䪂˅ˈᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ᥹ϟᴹӮᰒ⼎䕃 ӊߚ㉏䗝ᢽ⬠䴶ˈབ೒ 1-16 ᠔⼎Ǆ䕃ӊ㒘ӊᇚ䕃ӊᣝ໻乍Ⳃߚ㉏ˈ՟བḠ䴶ǃᑨ⫼⿟ᑣㄝߚ ㉏㒘Ǆ ೒ 1-16 䕃ӊߚ㉏䗝ᢽ⬠䴶䕃ӊߚ㉏㒘জ䖯ϔℹ㒚ߚЎᇣⱘ䕃ӊ㒘ˈࣙ৿໮Ͼৃ䗝䕃ӊ㒘ߚ㉏Ǆ↣Ͼ䕃ӊ㒘জߚЎ ᖙ乏ᅝ㺙ⱘ䕃ӊࣙ੠䗝ᢽᅝ㺙ⱘ䕃ӊࣙǄབᵰ䗝ᢽ⌣㾜㒘ӊ㒘ⱘৃ䗝䕃ӊࣙˈৃҹ䗝ᅮ៪㗙প ⍜⡍ᅮⱘ䕃ӊࣙˈབ೒ 1-17 ᠔⼎Ǆ ೒ 1-17 㒘ӊ㞾ᅮН⬠䴶

(12)

ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ⦄೼ᓔྟᠻ㸠᠔᳝ⱘᣛᅮ䜡㕂ˈ߯ᓎᑊḐᓣ࣪᠔䳔ߚऎᑊਃࡼǄ᥹ϟᴹᅝ㺙⿟ ᑣӮՓ⫼䖯ᑺᴵᴹⲥ㾚৘⾡䕃ӊⱘᅝ㺙䖯⿟ˈབ೒ 1-18 ᠔⼎Ǆ ೒ 1-18 ᅝ㺙⿟ᑣ䖯ᑺ⬠䴶 ᳔㒜Ӯߎ⦄བ೒ 1-19 ᠔⼎ⱘᅠ៤ᅝ㺙⬠䴶ˈᦤ⼎ᅝ㺙ᅠ↩Ǆ ऩߏĀ䞡ᮄᓩᇐāᣝ䪂ˈҹ䞡ਃ䅵ㅫᴎǄ ೒ 1-19 ᅠ៤ᅝ㺙⬠䴶

(13)

㟇ℸ CentOS 6.4 ㋏㒳ᅝ㺙㒧ᴳǄ

㋏㒳ᓩᇐ⿟ᑣ GRUB 䜡㕂᭛ӊⱘݙᆍབϟ˖

# grub.conf generated by anaconda #

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that

# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0)

# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_mail-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 //咬䅸ਃࡼⱘ᪡԰㋏㒳ˈ⊼˖ϟ䴶ⱘ㋏㒳㦰ऩ᭄Ң 0 ᓔྟ timeout=5 //䆒㕂೼ 5s ৢਃࡼ咬䅸ⱘ᪡԰㋏㒳 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz //ᓔᴎ⬏䴶ⱘ᭛ӊ᠔ᄬᬒⱘ䏃ᕘ੠᭛ӊৡˈ䖭䞠ᰃᣛ⫼೼ (hd0,0)/grub/ϟⱘ splash.xpm.gz ᭛ӊ԰Ўᓔᴎ⬏䴶Ǆ(hd0,0) ᣛⱘᰃ㄀ϔϾ⹀Ⲭⱘ㄀ϔϾߚऎ Hiddenmenu //䱤㮣ਃࡼ㋏㒳ৡᄫⱘ㦰ऩˈᡞᅗ⊼䞞ᥝৢӮ೼ᓔᴎ⬏䴶Ёᰒ⼎ᴎ఼Ё᠔᳝ⱘ㋏㒳ৡ title CentOS (2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64) //titleህᰃϔϾᓩᇐᷛㅒˈৃҹᇍ title ৢⱘ᭛ᄫ䚼ߚ䖯㸠ׂᬍˈ

Փᅗ᳈ヺড়៥ӀⱘՓ⫼дᛃ root (hd0,0) //Grubⱘḍ᭛ӊ㋏㒳े/boot ᠔೼ߚऎ

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_mail-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_LVM_ LV=vg_mail/lv_root rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=vg_mail/lv_swap crashk ernel=auto LANG=zh_ CN.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet

//kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64ᰃ Linux ݙḌ/boot/ vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64Ǆ ro ੠ root ᰃӴ䗦㒭ݙḌⱘখ᭄ˈroot ৢᰃ Linux ⱘḍ᭛ӊ㋏㒳᠔೼ߚऎǄݙḌখ᭄ ro ᰃ read only ⱘᛣᗱǄ rhgb೒ᔶᮍᓣਃࡼˈquiet ϡ䕧ߎਃࡼֵᙃ

initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.img //े/boot/ initrd-2.6.9-55.ELsmp.img ݙᄬぎ䯈᯴ڣˈ⫼Ѣ ߱ྟ࣪੠ਃࡼ䆒໛

(14)

ʷǌࠄᝫᄬᄊ

ᥠᦵᓎゟ Yum ⑤˗䞡ᓎ Yum ҧᑧ੠ᐌ㾕 Yum ੑҸⱘՓ⫼Ǆ ̄ǌYum እ̮

Yumᰃ Yellow dog Updater Modified ⱘㅔ⿄ˈ䍋߱ᰃ⬅ yellow dog 䖭ϔথ㸠⠜ⱘᓔথ㗙 Terra Soft ⷨথˈ⫼ python ݭ៤ˈ䙷ᯊিخ yup˄yellow dog updater˅ˈৢ㒣ᴰܟ໻ᄺⱘ

Linux@Dukeᓔথಶ䯳䖯㸠ᬍ䖯ˈ䘖ᬍℸৡǄYum ⱘᅫᮼᰃ㞾ࡼ࣪ഄछ㑻ǃᅝ㺙Ϣ⿏䰸 rpm ࣙˈ

ᬊ䲚 rpm ࣙⱘⳌֵ݇ᙃˈẔᶹձ䌪ᗻᑊ㞾ࡼᦤ⼎⫼᠋㾷އǄYum ⱘ݇䬂П໘ᰃ㽕᳝ৃ䴴ⱘ䕃 ӊҧᑧˈᅗৃҹᰃ HTTPǃFTP キ⚍ˈгৃҹᰃᴀഄ䕃ӊ∴ˈԚᖙ乏ࣙ৿ rpm ⱘ headerˈ header ࣙᣀњ rpm ࣙⱘ৘⾡ֵᙃˈࣙᣀᦣ䗄ǃࡳ㛑ǃᦤկⱘ᭛ӊǃձ䌪ᗻㄝǄ

ʼǌᦡᎶ஡͈

Yum ⱘ䜡㕂᭛ӊ೼/etc ⳂᔩϟˈЏ㽕ࣙ৿/etc/yum.confǃ/etc/yum Ⳃᔩϟⱘ᠔᳝᭛ӊǃ

/etc/yum.repos.dⳂᔩϟⱘ᠔᳝ Yum ᅝ㺙⑤᭛ӊǄ 1ĕYum ԅଅᄢำߑ

Yumⱘϔߛ䜡㕂ֵᙃ䛑ټᄬ೼ϔϾি yum.conf ⱘ䜡㕂᭛ӊЁˈ䗮ᐌԡѢ/etc Ⳃ ᔩϟˈ䖭

ᰃᭈϾ Yum ㋏㒳ⱘ䞡ЁП䞡ˈݙᆍབϟ˖ [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_rep ort_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release

# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d

ϟ䴶ᰃᇍ yum.conf ᭛ӊ԰ㅔ㽕ⱘ䇈ᯢ˖

cachedir˖Yum 㓧ᄬⱘⳂᔩˈYum ೼ℸᄬټϟ䕑ⱘ rpm ࣙ੠᭄᥂ᑧˈϔ㠀ᰃ/var/cache/yumǄ debuglevel˖䰸䫭㑻߿ˈ0ˉ10ˈ咬䅸ᰃ 2Ǆ

(15)

exactarch˖᳝ϸϾ䗝乍 1 ੠ 0ˈҷ㸼ᰃ৺াछ㑻੠⫼᠋ᅝ㺙䕃ӊࣙ CPU ԧ㋏ϔ㟈ⱘࣙˈ བᵰ䆒Ў 1ˈ߭བ⫼᠋ᅝ㺙њϔϾ i386 ⱘ rpmˈ߭ Yum ϡӮ⫼ 686 ⱘࣙᴹछ㑻Ǆ

obsoletes˖䖭ᰃϔϾ update ⱘখ᭄ˈ݋ԧ䇋খ䯙 yum(8)ˈㅔऩⱘ䇈ህᰃⳌᔧѢ upgradeˈ ܕ䆌᳈ᮄ䰜ᮻⱘ rpm ࣙǄ gpgcheck˖᳝ 1 ੠ 0 ϸϾ䗝ᢽˈߚ߿ҷ㸼ᰃ৺䖯㸠 gpg ᷵偠ˈབᵰ≵᳝䖭ϔ乍ˈ咬䅸ᰃ䖯㸠 gpg ᷵偠Ǆ Plugins˖ᰃ৺ਃ⫼ᦦӊˈ咬䅸 1 Ўܕ䆌ˈ0 㸼⼎ϡܕ䆌Ǆ installonly_limit˖㔥㒰䖲᥹䫭䇃䞡䆩ⱘ⃵᭄Ǆ bugtracker_url˖䆒㕂ϞӴ bug ⱘഄഔǄ distroverpkg˖ᣛᅮϔϾ䕃ӊࣙˈYum Ӯḍ᥂䖭Ͼࣙ߸ᮁ⫼᠋ⱘথ㸠⠜ᴀˈ咬䅸ᰃ redhat-releaseˈгৃҹᰃᅝ㺙ⱘӏԩ䩜ᇍ㞾Ꮕথ㸠⠜ⱘ rpm ࣙǄ 2ĕYum ၗำߑ

Yum⑤᭛ӊᰃᣛᅮ Yum ҧᑧⱘԡ㕂Ǆ߯ᓎ Yum ⑤᭛ӊ/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repoˈ /etc/yum.repos.d/Ⳃᔩϟ᳔དা᳝ CentOS-Media.repo ϔϾ᭛ӊˈ৺߭བᵰ㔥㒰᳝䯂乬ህӮ᡹ਞ ᡒϡࠄ Yum ⑤ⱘ䫭䇃ˈݙᆍབϟ˖

# /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo # or for ONLY the media repo, do this:

# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command]

[c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/ file:///media/cdrom/ file:///media/cdrecorder/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 ϟ䴶ᰃᇍ yum.conf ᭛ӊ԰ㅔ㽕ⱘ䇈ᯢ˖ []˖ᰃ⫼Ѣऎ߿৘Ͼϡৠⱘ repositoryˈᖙ乏᳝ϔϾ⣀ϔ᮴Ѡⱘৡ⿄Ǆ

name˖ᰃᇍ repository ⱘᦣ䗄ˈᬃᣕڣ$releasever $basearch 䖭ḋⱘব䞣Ǆ

baseurl˖ᰃ᳡ࡵ఼䆒㕂Ё᳔䞡㽕ⱘ䚼ߚˈা᳝䆒㕂ℷ⹂ˈᠡ㛑㦋প䕃ӊǄᅗⱘḐᓣᰃ˖

baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/ url://server2/path/to/repository/ url://server3/path/to/repository/

݊Ё url ᬃᣕⱘण䆂᳝ httpǃftp ੠ file ϝ⾡Ǆbaseurl ৢৃҹ䎳໮Ͼ urlˈ⫼᠋ৃҹ㞾Ꮕᬍ Ў䗳ᑺ↨䕗ᖿⱘ䬰ڣキˈԚ baseurl া㛑᳝ϔϾǄ

gpgcheck˖䆒㕂ᰃ৺䖯㸠偠䆕Ǆ

enabled˖Yum ⑤ᰃ৺⫳ᬜǄ

gpgkey˖䆒㕂偠䆕ᆚ䩹᭛ӊⱘ䏃ᕘǄ

3ĕᄷߙ Yum Ͻ࣏

(16)

libxml2-pythonǃpython-deltarpmǄੑҸབϟ˖ #yum createrepo -y ᥹ϟᴹܜᇚ rpm ࣙ᭛ӊᣋ䋱ࠄ/var/ftp/centos6.4/Packages Ⳃᔩϟ˄rpm ࣙ᭛ӊ䛑೼ᔧࠡⳂ ᔩϟ˅ˈ✊ৢՓ⫼ createrepo ੑҸ߯ᓎ yum ҧᑧ᠔ᖙ乏ⱘϔѯֵᙃˈ䖭ѯֵᙃ䛑ᄬᬒ೼ /var/ftp/centos6.4/repodata/ⳂᔩϟǄੑҸབϟ˖ #/bin/cp ./*.rpm /var/ftp/centos6.4/Packages #createrepo -v /var/ftp/centos6.4

᳔ৢׂᬍ Yum ⑤᭛ӊⱘ baseurl ⱘؐˈׂᬍৢⱘ Yum ⑤᭛ӊݙᆍབϟ˖

[c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media baseurl=file:///var/ftp/centos6.4 gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 ⊼ᛣ˖ఢڴྑߜ gpgcheck ᄔ؟น 1ē႕ྑߜൎပԅ rpm ͧำߑԅ gpgkey ӽదēဈ rpm --import /pathd pathЎֱᄬ gpgkey ᭛ӊⱘᅠᭈ䏃ᕘǄ پǌYum ֑̾ᄊΎၹ 1ĕರဈ Yum ٗ໭నߑԅ੡গ ೼ᶹⳟ㋏㒳Ёⱘ䕃ӊᰃ৺᳝छ㑻ࣙᯊˈӮ⫼ࠄ yum check-update ੑҸ˗೼䕃ӊߎ⦄ⓣ⋲ᯊˈ ᇍ䕃ӊ䖯㸠छ㑻៪㗙ᇍ㋏㒳ݙḌ䖯㸠छ㑻ህӮ⫼ࠄ yum update ੑҸ˖ yum check-update //߫ߎ᠔᳝ৃ᳈ᮄⱘ䕃ӊ⏙ऩ yum update //ᅝ㺙᠔᳝᳈ᮄ䕃ӊ 2ĕರဈ Yum ̝ᅭူ౗҂నߑ Փ⫼ Yum ᅝ㺙੠ߴ䰸䕃ӊˈ᳝Ͼࠡᦤᰃ Yum ᅝ㺙ⱘ䕃ӊࣙ䛑ᰃ rpm ḐᓣⱘǄᅝ㺙ⱘੑҸ ᰃ yum install xxxˈYum Ӯᶹ䆶᭄᥂ᑧˈབᵰ᳝ˈ߭Ẕᶹ݊ձ䌪ކさ݇㋏˗བᵰ≵᳝ձ䌪ކさˈ 䙷Мϟ䕑ᅝ㺙˗བᵰ᳝ˈ߭Ӯ㒭ߎᦤ⼎ˈ䆶䯂ᰃ৺㽕ৠᯊᅝ㺙ձ䌪ˈ៪ߴ䰸ކさⱘࣙǄ

ߴ䰸ⱘੑҸᰃ yum remove xxxˈৠᅝ㺙ϔḋˈYum гӮᶹ䆶᭄᥂ᑧˈ㒭ߎ㾷އձ䌪݇㋏ ⱘᦤ⼎Ǆ

yum install xxx //⫼ Yum ᅝ㺙䕃ӊࣙˈxxx Ўᅝ㺙䕃ӊࣙⱘৡ⿄ˈϡࣙᣀ⠜ᴀো੠⠜ᴀো Пৢⱘֵᙃ

yum remove xxx //⫼ Yum ߴ䰸䕃ӊࣙˈxxx Ўᅝ㺙䕃ӊࣙⱘৡ⿄ˈϡࣙᣀ⠜ᴀো੠⠜ᴀো Пৢⱘֵᙃ

3ĕರဈ Yum А༸ຸ̝ᅭԅనߑ

ᐌᐌӮ⺄ࠄ䖭ḋⱘᚙމˈᛇ㽕ᅝ㺙ϔϾ䕃ӊˈাⶹ䘧ᅗ੠ᶤᮍ䴶᳝݇ˈԚজϡ㛑⹂ߛⶹ 䘧ᅗⱘৡᄫǄ䖭ᯊ Yum ⱘᶹ䆶ࡳ㛑ህ䍋԰⫼њǄ⫼᠋ৃҹ⫼ yum search keyword 䖭ḋⱘੑҸ ᴹ䖯㸠᧰㋶ˈ↨བ㽕ᅝ㺙ϔϾ Instant MessengerˈԚজϡⶹࠄᑩ᳝ાѯˈ䖭ᯊϡོ⫼ yum search

messenger 䖭ḋⱘᣛҸ䖯㸠᧰㋶ˈYum Ӯ᧰㋶᠔᳝ৃ⫼ rpm ⱘᦣ䗄ˈ߫ߎ᠔᳝ᦣ䗄Ё੠

messenger᳝݇ⱘ rpm ࣙˈѢᰃ⫼᠋ৃ㛑ᕫࠄ gaimǃkopete ㄝˈᑊҢЁ䗝ᢽǄ

(17)

yum list //߫ߎ᠔᳝ৃᅝ㺙ⱘ䕃ӊࣙ yum list updates //߫ߎ᠔᳝ৃ᳈ᮄⱘ䕃ӊࣙ yum list installed //߫ߎ᠔᳝Ꮖᅝ㺙ⱘ䕃ӊࣙ

yum list extras //߫ߎ᠔᳝Ꮖᅝ㺙Ԛϡ೼ Yum Repository ܻⱘ䕃ӊࣙ

4ĕರဈ Yum ݦ௜నߑͧ໰๯

ᐌᐌӮ⺄ࠄᅝ㺙њϔϾࣙˈԚজϡⶹ䘧݊⫼䗨ⱘᚙމˈ䖭ᯊ⫼᠋ৃҹ⫼ yum info packagename䖭ϾᣛҸᴹ㦋পֵᙃǄ

yum info //߫ߎ᠔᳝䕃ӊࣙⱘֵᙃ yum info updates //߫ߎ᠔᳝ৃ᳈ᮄⱘ䕃ӊֵࣙᙃ yum info installed //߫ߎ᠔᳝Ꮖᅝ㺱ⱘ䕃ӊֵࣙᙃ

yum info extras //߫ߎ᠔᳝Ꮖᅝ㺱Ԛϡ೼ Yum Repository ܻⱘ䕃ӊֵࣙᙃ yum provides //߫ߎ䕃ӊࣙᦤկાѯ᭛ӊ

5ĕூ҂ Yum ܯӉ

YumӮᡞϟ䕑ⱘ䕃ӊࣙ੠ header ᄬټ೼ Cache Ёˈ㗠ϡӮ㞾ࡼߴ䰸Ǆབᵰ⫼᠋㾝ᕫᅗӀ

ऴ⫼њ⺕Ⲭぎ䯈ˈৃҹՓ⫼ yum clean ᣛҸ䖯㸠⏙䰸ˈ᳈㊒⹂ⱘ⫼⊩ᰃ yum clean headers ⏙䰸 headerˈyum clean packages ⏙䰸ϟ䕑ⱘ rpm ࣙˈyum clean all ⏙䰸᠔᳝Ǆ

yum clean packages //⏙䰸㓧ᄬⳂᔩ(/var/cache/yum)ϟⱘ䕃ӊࣙ yum clean headers //⏙䰸㓧ᄬⳂᔩ(/var/cache/yum)ϟⱘ headers yum clean oldheaders //⏙䰸㓧ᄬⳂᔩ(/var/cache/yum)ϟᮻⱘ headers

yum clean all //⏙䰸㓧ᄬⳂᔩ(/var/cache/yum)ϟⱘ䕃ӊࣙঞᮻⱘ headers

6ĕವैġ̝ᅭ httpd నߑ

[root@mail repodata]# yum install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * c6-media:

Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check

---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-26.el6.centos will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.2.15-26.el6.centos for package: httpd-2.2.15-26.el6.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: apr-util-ldap for package: httpd-2.2.15-26.el6.centos.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.2.15-26.el6.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.2.15-26.el6.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.2.15-26.el6.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check

---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-5.el6_2 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 will be installed ---> Package apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-26.el6.centos will be installed ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size

(18)

Installing:

httpd x86_64 2.2.15-26.el6.centos c6-media 821 k Installing for dependencies:

apr x86_64 1.3.9-5.el6_2 c6-media 123 k apr-util x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 c6-media 87 k apr-util-ldap x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 c6-media 15 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.2.15-26.el6.centos c6-media 72 k mailcap noarch 2.1.31-2.el6 c6-media 27 k

Transaction Summary

=========================================================================== Install 6 Package(s)

Total download size: 1.1 M Installed size: 3.6 M