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國立台中師範學院九十四學年度研究所碩士班考試
輔導原理 科試題
一、試述個人中心治療法 (Person-Centered Counseling)中諮商師如何運用諮商 讓 當 事 人 經 歷 諮 商 進 步 的 七 個 歷 程 , 而 成 為 功 能 充 分 發 揮 的 人 ( fully functioning person)。請就諮商階段、諮商師及當事人反應及成長改變歷程加 以分述。 (20%) 二、閱讀下列情境試以立即性技術反應之,並請說明其使用時機與目的。 (20%) 當事人:「我還是不相信諮商的價值,你坐在那裡談了一堆你自己的看法, 對於我的問題一點也沒有幫助,而且我覺得再一直這樣討論下 去,不僅沒什麼意義,也在浪費大家的時間。」 諮商師反應: 三、解釋名詞(每題 5%,共 20%) 1. control theory 2. double bind 3. paradoxical intention 4. automatic thoughts 四、複選題(每題至少一個正確答案,全部答對才計分,每題 2%,共 20%) 1. 下列哪幾項能說明自我防衛機制的特性? (A)否定或扭曲現實 (B)屬於病態的行為 (C)具有應付焦慮及保護自我的功能 (D)在潛意識中進行 2. 精神分析學派佛洛伊德(Freud)認為肛門期的重要發展任務是: (A)學習信任生活中的重要他人 (B)學習處理負向的情感 (C)學習性別角色的認同 (D)學習將內在驅力昇華至外在世界的事物 3. 阿德勒(Adler)學派的重要概念包括: (A)家庭星座 (B)社會興趣 (C)虛構的終極論 (D)出生序 諮心諮心組 用2 4. 下列關於阿德勒(Adler)學派的描述,何者正確? (A)治療的關係是平等的,建立在合作及互信上 (B)重視當事人主觀經驗,而較不注重技術的使用 (C)治療的對象是當事人壓抑的感覺 (D)主張自卑感在幼年時期是創造的泉源,促使人努力奮鬥 5. 行為學派治療法的技術中,系統減敏法是根據什麼原理發展而來的? (A)古典制約 (B)操作制約 (C)古典制約加操作制約 (D)社會學習論 6. 根據認知行為治療法的觀點,以下何項是情緒困擾的原因? (A)自卑 (B)過度使用自我防衛機制 (C)自我責備 (D)未竟事務 7. 下列何者是貝克(Beck)對憂鬱的看法? (A)憂鬱是內在產生的怒氣所導致的結果 (B)當事人傾向以負面態度詮釋他的經驗 (C)憂鬱是當事人對自己持有負面的觀點 (D)憂鬱的當事人對於未來持著憂鬱的看法與悲觀的投射 8. 下列何者是現實治療學派的特色? (A)專注在當事人潛意識的事物上 (B)將注意力集中在行為上 (C)聚焦於個案的症狀上 (D)拒絕移情的觀點 9. 下列關於個人中心治療法的敍述,何者為非? (A)重視人們內在的主觀經驗 (B)以三種個人特質或態度來形成治療關係,其中真誠一致最重要 (C)重視童年的經驗 (D)不允許當事人為自己做決定 10. 下列何者不是完形治療法的重要觀念? (A)接納個人的責任 (B)智性的了解一個人的問題 (C)未竟事務 (D)僵局的處理
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五、單選題(每題 2%,共 20%) 1. Countertransference refers to
(A)the irrational reactions that clients have toward their therapists. (B)the irrational reactions that therapists have toward their clients. (C)the projections of the client.
(D)the client’s need to be special in the therapist’s eyes. (E)all except (A).
2. The central theme running through the works of Victor Frankl is (A)that freedom is a myth.
(B)the will to meaning.
(C)self-disclosure as the key to mental health. (D)the notion of self-actualization.
(E)being thrown into the universe without purpose.
3. Accurate empathic understanding refers to the therapist’s ability to (A)accurately diagnose the client’s central problem
(B)objectively understand the dynamics of a client (C)like and care for the client
(D)sense the inner world of the client’s subjective experience.
4. According to Glasser, all of the following are basic psychological needs except for (A)competition. (B)belonging. (C)power. (D)freedom. (E)fun.
5. REBT views neurosis as the result of
(A)inadequate mothering during infancy. (B)failure to fulfill our existential needs. (C)excessive feelings.
(D)irrational thinking and behaving.
6. Of the following, a major goal of feminist therapy is (A)exploring intrapsychic conflicts.
(B)helping women to adjust to social norms. (C)bringing the unconscious to the conscious level. (D)empowerment.
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7. What technique in family therapy casts a new light on a problem and provide a different interpretation of a problematic situation?
(A)reorganization (B)family mapping (C)reframing (D)restructuring (E)joining
8. In psychoanalytic therapy (as opposed to classical analysis), which of the following procedures is least likely to be used?
(A)the client lying on the couch (B)working with transference feelings
(C)relating present struggles with past events (D)working with dreams
(E)interpretation of resistance 9. Choice theory tends to focus on
(A)feeling and physiology (B)doing and thinking
(C)coming to a fuller understanding of the past
(D)the underlying causes for feeling depressed or anxious (E)how the family system controls our decisions
10. Differentiation of the self is the cornerstone of which theory ? (A)Experiential family therapy
(B)Strategic therapy
(C)Bowenian family therapy (D)Social Constructionism (E)Adlerian family therapy