行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告 ※ ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ ※ ※ ※
台灣鏟頷魚親緣地理之研究
※ ※ ※ ※ ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 計畫類別：□個別型計畫 □整合型計畫 計畫編號： NSC90-2311-B-006-003 執行期間： 90 年 8 月 1 日至 91 年 7 月 31 日 計畫主持人：王建平 共同主持人： 本成果報告包括以下應繳交之附件： □赴國外出差或研習心得報告一份 □赴大陸地區出差或研習心得報告一份 □出席國際學術會議心得報告及發表之論文各一份 □國際合作研究計畫國外研究報告書一份 執行單位：國立成功大學生物學系 中 華 民 國 91 年 10 月 31 日行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告 國科會專題研究計畫成果報告撰寫格式說明
Preparation of NSC Project Reports 計畫編號：NSC90-2311-B-006-003 執行期限：90 年 8 月 1 日至 91 年 7 月 31 日 主持人：王建平 共同主持人： 計畫參與人員： 執行機構及單位名稱：國立成功大學生物學系
Introduction
Taiwan was connected to the
continent before the Pleistocene.
Beginning approximately one million
years ago the Central Mountain Range
was uplifted and almost simultaneously
Taiwan was separated from the mainland
due to the sinking of the Taiwan strait.
During the middle and late Pleistocene
era, freshwater fish were dispersed to
Taiwan when this island was connected
to the Asia continent. According to the
distribution of freshwater fishes, the
island of Taiwan can be divided into three
zoogeographical districts. Only one
primary species, Varicorhinus baratulus,
was found in three zoogeographical
districts. V. baratulus represents an early
invader. In this study, we used a
comparative phylogeographic approach to
assess mtDNA data from V. baratulus.
The objectives of the present study were
to investigate the following: (1)
phylogeographic patterns at hierarchical
scales both among geographical regions
and within/between populations; (2) the
correlation between degree of gene flow
and geographical distance.
Materials and methods
In total, 92 samples were collected
from 18 major streams in Taiwan and 1
population from Minjing River in
mainland China (Table 1).
Nucleotide sequences were aligned
with the program, CLUSTAL W.
Neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis by
calculating Kimura’s (1980)
two-parameter distance was performed
the program Data Analysis in Molecular
Evolutionary Genetics Analysis program
(MEGA, version 2.0), and were used to
construct a minimum spanning network.
The calculation was performed in a
hierarchical manner using Dna SP
(version 3.0) among populations.
Results
A total of 1931 base pairs of mtDNA,
including 284 bp of a cytochrome b
partial sequence, 73 bp of the tRNA
1021 bp of the D-loop region, 74 bp of
the phenylalanine gene, and 414 bp of
12S rRNA partial sequence, were aligned.
A total of 73 halotypes were sequenced
and identified. The haplotype diversity is
remarkably high within most populations,
with a range between 0.7 (HL) and 1.00,
except for the LW population in eastern
Taiwan (h=0.33) (Table 1) .
The genetic differentiation between
populations was detected by DnaSP
(Table 2). A neighbour-joining tree
recovered by MEGA based on mtDNA
variants revealed six major groups (Fig 1).
The relationship between F
STvalue and
geographic distance was not significant
(Fig 2).
In order to unravel the phylogeny of
the halotypes in V. baratulus, a minimum
spanning network was constructed by
linking the haplotypes in a hierarchical
manner based on the mutations between
sequences (Fig 3).
Geographic structure was significant
at the 1- and 2-step clade levels and at the
entire cladogram level (Table 3).
The results agreed with the hypothesis
predicting that the dispersion of
individual haplotypes is constrained by
the Past fragmentation. Relative values of
D
Cand Dn for each clade presenting
contemporary distributions of haplotypes
were used to interpret historical and
ongoing processes following the Key of
Templeton et al. (1998; Table 4).
Conclusion
High nucleotide diversity (1.03%)
and haplotype diversity were detected
among populations. A minimum spanning
network based on nucleotide substitutions
reflected migration routes from
populations of Mailli region to the
northern region and central region.
Postglacial colonization and expansion
can explain the phylogeographical
pattern.
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