Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service
SURVEY ON JOB CHANGING OF THE EMPLOYED
2008
Official Statistics. Reproduction of these data is allowed provided the source is quoted.
Statistics and Census Service
17th floor, Dynasty Plaza., 411- 417 Alameda Dr. Carlos d’Assumpção, Macao Tel: 8399 5311 Fax: 2830 7825 Printed in April 2009
E-mail: info@dsec.gov.mo Website: www.dsec.gov.mo
INTRODUCTION
In an effort to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of job-changers, the Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) conducted the Survey on Job Changing of The Employed, by means of a supplementary questionnaire, among some of the respondents of the 2008 Employment Survey.
Job-changer refers to an individual who is working during the reference period and one year prior to the interview, and changed his/her job (industry engaged, company, employer or status in employment) during the twelve months prior to the interview.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
A total of 39 200 employed persons changed their jobs in 2008, accounting for 12.1% of the employed population, higher than that of 2006 (9.5%) and 2007 (10.0%).
Table 1 － Job-changers（2006-2008） No.
2006 2007 2008
Job-changers 25 100 30 400 39 200 Total employed population 265 100 300 400 323 000 Proportion of job-changers to the
employed population 9.5% 10.0% 12.1%
Results of the past three years revealed that the majority of job-changers were female that posted a tendency to rise from 58.1% in 2006 to 60.8% in 2008.
Table 2 － Gender distribution of job-changers（2006-2008） %
Gender 2006 2007 2008
M 41.9 40.1 39.2
F 58.1 59.9 60.8
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DSEC 2008 SURVEY ON JOB CHANGING OF THE EMPLOYED
Analysed by age group, 28.3% of the employed persons aged 14-24 changed their jobs, up by 10.6 percentage points over 2007, indicating that job changing was more popular among the young people.
Table 3 － Job changing rate by age group（2006-2008） %
Age group 2006 2007 2008
14-24 14.4 17.7 28.3
25-34 11.6 11.3 10.7
35-44 9.9 8.7 9.0
45-54 7.3 8.8 9.5
≧55 2.7 4.2 9.2
Regarding the main reason of changing job, Seeking better pay still predominated with 56.6%, but down by 4.9 percentage points from 2007, followed by Incompatibility with working hours/
Dissatisfaction with the work environment (21.5%).
Graph 1: Main reasons for changing jobs（2006-2008）
60.0 61.5 56.6
11.6 10.6 12.8
16.8 15.4 21.5
11.6 12.5 9.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
%
Seeking better pay Company ceased operation / Laid off / Completion of
temporary job / End of contract
Incompatibility with working hours / Dissatisfaction with the
work environment
Others
2006 2007 2008
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SURVEY ON JOB CHANGING OF THE EMPLOYED 2008 DSEC
Median monthly employment earnings of the job-changers increased by 33.3% from MOP 6 000 in the last job to MOP 8 000 in the current job.
Table 4 － Median monthly employment earnings before and after changing job（2006-2008） MOP
Median employment earnings 2006 2007 2008
Last job 4 900 5 300 6 000
Current job 6 300 7 300 8 000
% Change 27.9% 36.7% 33.3%
Some 52.3% of the job-changers moved to work in another industry (cross-industry mobility);
in addition, 47.7% changed the job to work in the same industry (intra-industry mobility), up by 8.3 percentage points year-on-year, the highest level in the past three years.
Table 5 － Type of job changing（2006-2008） %
Type 2006 2007 2008
Cross-industry 59.0 60.6 52.3 Intra-industry 41.0 39.4 47.7
Analysed by industry, most of the job-changers previously worked in Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services (26.6%), 21.8% in Hotels, Restaurants & Similar Activities and 17.1% in Wholesale & Retail Trade. Subsequently, the majority (41.4%) worked in Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services, 20.3% in Hotels, Restaurants & Similar Activities and 11.0% in Wholesale & Retail Trade.
Graph 2: Distribution of job-changers by principal industry before and after changing job（2008）
41.4
20.3
11.0
3.3 7.2
17.1
21.8
26.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Manufacturing Wholesale & Retail Trade Hotels, Restaurants &
Similar Activities Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services
% Before changing job After changing job
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DSEC 2008 SURVEY ON JOB CHANGING OF THE EMPLOYED
Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services has been the most popular industry of the job-changers. A total of 16 200 job-changers moved to work in this industry, with 8 200 (50.6%) moving in as cross-industry mobility and 8 000 (49.4%) as intra-industry mobility. Moreover, 8 000 job-changers moved to work in Hotel, Restaurants & Similar Activities, with 4 400 (55.0%) moving in as intra-industry mobility; 4 300 job-changers moved to work in Wholesale & Retail Trade, with 2 400 (55.8%) as cross-industry mobility.
Meanwhile, there were people who left the above-mentioned industries to work in other industries, with 2 400 moving out of the Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services, 4 100 out of Hotel, Restaurants & Similar Activities and 4 800 out of Wholesale & Retail Trade.
Table 6 － Employee mobility of selected industries（2008）
Recreational, Cultural, Gaming &
Other Services
Hotels, Restaurants &
Similar Activities
Wholesale & Retail Trade
Employee mobility
No. % of
Inflow No. % of
Inflow No. % of Inflow No. of Employed 78 900 .. 41 300 .. 39 600 ..
Inflow 16 200 100.0 8 000 100.0 4 300 100.0
Cross-industry 8 200 50.6 3 600 45.0 2 400 55.8 Intra-industry 8 000 49.4 4 400 55.0 1 900 44.2
Outflow 2 400 .. 4 100 .. 4 800 ..
.. Not applicable
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