義守大學 98 學年度研究所碩士在職專班考試試題
系所別 生物技術與化學工程研究所 考試日期 98/4/18
考試科目 科技英文 總頁數 1
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Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.
1. (35%)
Chemical reactions supply over 90% of the energy used in industrialized countries for industry and transportation. The chemical reactions that supply this energy are the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum, all of which are composed of carbon compounds. Only relatively small amounts of energy are produced by hydroelectric power (4%) and nuclear reactors (5%). Our bodies too are made up of many different carbon compounds. It is the oxidation of some of these compounds, in particular carbohydrates and fats, that supplies the energy for life.
2. (25%)
Chemical reactions may be exothermic or endothermic, that is, they occur with either the release or the absorption of energy. The combustion of fossil fuels is an exothermic process that releases energy in the form of heat. Whether energy is absorbed or released depends on whether the energy stored in the products is greater or less than the energy stored in the reactants. The energy stored in elements and compounds is called chemical energy.
3. (30%)
In 1987, Robert M. Solow, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received the Nobel Prize in economics for his work in determining the sources of economic growth. Professor Solow concluded that the bulk of the growth of an economy is the result of technological advances. It is reasonable to conclude that the growth of an industry is also dependent on technological advances. This is especially true in the chemical industry, which is entering an era of more complex processes: higher pressure, more reactive chemicals, and exotic chemistry.
4. (10%)
More complex processes require more complex safety technology. Many industrialists even believe that the development and application of safety technology is actually a constraint on the growth of the chemical industry.
