題名: The research of heavy metal content in Agaricus blazei Murrill in Taiwan.
作者: Shin H. D.;Lee I. H.;Lin, C. Y.;Guo, H. Y.;Wu, K. T.;Chu, C. L.
貢獻者: Department of Biotechnology 日期: 2007
上傳時間: 2010-03-15T08:10:22Z 出版者: Asia University
摘要: 巴西蘑菇(Agaricus blazei Murrill；簡稱 ABM)近年來研究發現其 β-D-葡聚糖具有 獨特的抗癌功效，且在臨床上證實其具有提高免疫力、降血脂、降血壓、改善肝機能 及動脈硬化等功效。然而其易蓄積鎘的特性影響品質甚巨。針對台灣巴西蘑菇大型栽 培農場於栽培空間、栽培條件及栽培方法進行調查顯示這些農場主要分佈於中彰投地 區，其餘則分散在台南及高雄地區。目前台灣地區栽培巴西蘑菇方式大多先以木屑太 空包培養菌絲後，再予脫袋覆土刺激出菇。多數菇農利用菇寮配合季節做培養，少數 栽培場則利用空調菇舍栽培。大多數菇農的覆土土壤為就地取材，採集山區、河流或 田土，少數使用購置的泥炭土。栽培方法主要有3 種，分別為：1.以床栽方式將太空 包割包排列於地面或以塑膠框架高後覆土栽培、2.以太空包或木屑自動瓶上直接覆土 出菇及3.利用箱栽培養。重金屬分析樣本分別為木屑太空包（含本體、基質木屑、各 種輔料）、覆土土壤、灌溉水源及子實體（新鮮或烘乾）等四大部分，試驗結果顯示 巴西蘑菇產量受品種、栽培環境及栽培方式而有很大的影響，尤其遭鎘污染之覆土層 會產生高鎘含量菇體。分析農場使用資材和產出鮮菇或乾菇之重金屬含量顯示有部份 國產巴西蘑菇樣品之鎘含量超過2 ppm；少數樣品鉛含量超過 3 ppm。將此分析結 果和栽培資材的重金屬含量交叉比對推估不同品種巴西蘑菇子實體對鎘的積聚倍 數，發現由最低的3.71 倍至最高的 187.38 倍皆有可能。此外，將蒐集而得的巴西 蘑菇菇傘與菇柄分別測定其重金屬含量，結果發現菇傘內大部分重金屬含量皆比菇 柄高。本研究期望建立一套質優安全的巴西蘑菇GAP 量產體系，使台灣生產的巴西 蘑菇不但能符合食品安全衛生標準，還能應付國內外廣大的銷售市場，進而提高在 國際上的競爭力。It has been reported in recent years that Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) has β-D- glucan, which has anticancer effect and was verified in the clinical trials that it is efficient in improving the immunity system, reducing serum lipid, activating the third component in
complement system and interferon induction, etc. However, some papers have reported that it is characteristic of ABM to accumulate heavy metals during growth period which influence its quality greatly.
ABM could be manufactured into highly potential products for the market place if the heavy metal content of ABMs produced in Taiwan could be lowered. Focusing on major ABM farms in Taiwan, this study investigated cultivation conditions and methods. The farms studied located mostly in Taichung, Nantou, Changhua County in central Taiwan
and Tainan, Kaohsiung County in southern Taiwan. Of the seventeen farms investigated, only four utilized air-conditioned growing houses, which produce ABM all year round. Soil used by most farmers to cover the sawdust bags is taken locally from mountain areas, river beds (which contain mostly sand) or crop fields; very few farmers purchase peat moss for the purpose. There are three main cultivation methods; one method places the sawdust bag on the bed and another method places the sawdust bag directly on the ground, while the last method places the sawdust in the tray. The investigation sampled various materials used during the cultivation process, and the materials included compost (fertilizer and raw material), casing mixtures, water, and fruiting body both fresh and dried. The analysis result showed some of the ABM produced domestically contain Cadmimum over 2 ppm, and few ABM sampled contain lead over 3 ppm. Based on the finding of this research, we assumed there is a difference of 3.71-187.38 folds in Cadmimum accumulation ability amongst different types of ABMs. The result also showed that the cap of the ABMs contained more Cadmimum
concentration than the leg of the ABMs. Further, after boiling the ABM in two separate experiments, one with the whole fruiting body while the other with the fruiting body grounded up into powder, the results showed the Cadmimum in ABM has low solubility. Our data suggested that high Cadmimum concentration casing mixture will surely produce ABMs with high density of Cadmimum. Future research will explore further into the methods of reducing Cadmimum concentration during ABM cultivation. The project is optimistic that a GAP production system of ABM will be established in Taiwan. The production of ABM in Taiwan will not only meet the FDA standard for quality but will also satisfy the quantity required for domestic and international market.
