有激發光二極體之微波響答與光電特性之模型化
106
0
0
全文
(2) 有激發光二極體之微波響答與光電特性之模型化 Responses of Organic Light Emitting Diode to Microwave and Modulated Electric Signals and their Modeling. 研 究 生：戴晟傑 指導教授：陳志隆. Student: Sheng-Chieh Tai Advisor: Jyh-Long Chern. 國 立 交 通 大 學 光 電 工 程 研 究 所 碩 士 論 文 A Thesis Submitted to Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Chiao Tung University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Electro-Optical Engineering June 2005 Hsinchu, Taiwan. 中華民國九十四年六月.
(3) 有激發光二極體之微波響答與光電特性之模型化. 學生 戴晟傑. 指導教授 陳志隆. 國立交通大學光電工程研究所碩士班. 摘要. 近幾年來，有機發光二極體(OLED)在顯示技術應用的發展上相當地快速， 然而為了達到顯示器技術應用的需求，成為下一代顯示器主流，必須要改善 OLED 的耐用性的問題。所以如果能夠更清楚地瞭解 OLED 的基本的光電特性與 模型化，將會對新材料的試驗上將會有很大的助益。本論文主要是嘗試微波、交 流電路與直流電路來測量 OLED 的光電特性，並且嘗試建立出 OLED 的等效電 路模型與分析 OLED 可靠度的方法。. I.
(4) Responses of Organic Light Emitting Diode to Microwave and Modulated Electric Signals and their Modeling. Student：Sheng-Chieh Tai. Adviser：Dr. Jyh-Long Chern. Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Chiao Tung University. Abstract. Organic Light-emitting diode (OLED) has a rapid progress recently since its application in planar display technology. As a potential candidate of next generation display, the endurance and performance issues are getting more attentions and also are urgent to be improved.. Therefore, fundamental understandings and appropriate. modeling of OLED are necessary and helpful in developing organic materials for the emergent industry. In this thesis, we examined and analyzed the transmission and phase spectrums within the microwave region. Moreover, we examined the electric and luminous responses of OLED driven by alternative current (AC) and directive current (DC) modes, and build up a rough equivalent circuit model of OLED to analyze the endurance of OLED.. II.
(5) 誌謝. 首先感謝我的父母親，一路走來對我的支持，讓我在求學過程中無後顧之 憂。自從進入實驗室以來，受到許多人的照顧，尤其是. 陳志隆老師在研究方向. 與論文撰寫上的指導，讓我受益良多，而且老師總是希望我們可以獨當一面，今 後將更加努力，不負老師期望。在一開使進入實驗室時，慈方學姐與萓蘘學姐則 是帶著我熟悉光學的實驗與技巧。此外也要感謝曹兆璽學長，在生活與研究上都 很熱心地提供他的經驗與建言和我們討論，就像一位大哥哥一樣照顧我們，小 朱、伊凱與介任也常幫我解惑。當然還有和我一起走過兩年碩士班的森年、家佑、 清祥、慧文，與碩一點五就畢業的志雲，在畢業前大家一起拼畢業論文日子真的 非常難忘，也非常慶幸自己能遇到這麼優秀的同學。而在這段辛苦日子裡，碩一 的學弟妹，建成、奎佐、忠穎、家瑜、夢華、玫君、燃宏總是能夠帶來許多歡樂， 讓實驗室每天都充滿朝氣，整個實驗是就像一家人。我能夠順利畢業非常感謝大 家的幫忙與扶持，真的是由衷的感謝，希望幾年後個個都是一方的佼佼者。最後 則是要感謝我靈性上的導師. 悟覺妙天禪師，讓我在心中永遠都有一盞明燈面對. 一切的挑戰。. III.
(6) 目錄 中文摘要········································································································i 英文摘要 ··································································································· ii 誌謝 ·········································································································· iii 目錄 ·········································································································· iv 圖目錄 ····································································································· vii 表目錄 ························································································································ xi 第一章 簡介與歷史 ················································································· 1 1-1 OLED 基本組成與特性 ····································································· 1 1-2 異常傳波現象研究之歷史回顧 ························································ 3 1-3 OLED 光電模型與參數粹取 ····························································· 5. 第二章 微波響答量測 ············································································· 7 2-1 異常傳播現象的基本理論 ································································ 7 2-1-1 群速度的物理意義與定義················································································ 7 2-1-2 吸收物質與負數群速度的關係······································································ 10 2-1-3 脈衝波在吸收物質中的傳播·········································································· 13 2-1-4 實驗分析方法 ································································································· 17. 2-2 OLED 模型化與參數粹取 ······························································ 18 2-2-1 OLED 發光機制簡介······················································································ 18 2-2-2 直流訊號測試 ································································································· 19 IV.
(7) 2-2-3 等效電路模型與交流訊號量測······································································ 20 2-2-3-1 小訊號電路模型 ················································································ 20 2-2-3-2 簡化的 OLED 電路模型···································································· 23. 第三章 微波響答實驗 ··········································································· 28 3-1 OLED 樣品······················································································· 28 3-2 實驗設備與裝置 ··············································································· 30 3-3 以 SMA 天線量測樣品在自由空間下的微波響答························ 31 3-4 以拇指形天線量測藍色發光層在自由空間下的微波響答············ 40 3-5 利用探針將微波導入 OLED 樣品的量測實驗 ····························· 48. 第四章 微波響答實驗分析與討論 ········································· 51 4-1 OLED 與 ITO 樣品的微波響答實驗分析與討論 ·························· 52 4-2 藍色發光層樣品的微波響答實驗分析與討論······························· 53. 第五章. OLED 的模型化與參數粹取 ··································· 55. 5-1 小訊號電路模型實驗 ······································································ 55 5-1-1 OLED 樣品的直流量測··················································································· 55 5-1-2 OLED 樣品頻率響應······················································································· 58 5-1-3 OLED 的方波響應··························································································· 64. 5-2 簡化的 OLED 電路模型 ································································· 67 5-2-1 綠光 OLED 直流 B-I-V 量測 ········································································· 67 V.
(8) 5-2-2 綠光 OLED 方波響應····················································································· 76. 5-3 OLED 的模型化與參數粹取分析與討論 ······································· 78. 第 6 章 總結 ··························································································· 80 6-1 結論 ·································································································· 80 6-2 未來工作 ·························································································· 81 參考文獻 ································································································· 82 附錄 A：SMA 接頭 ·············································································· 86 附錄 B：C-Band, X-Band, and Ku-Band Stub Antenna 拇指天線規格87 附錄 C：SY-10PD 光接收二極體························································ 89 附錄 D：Light Port 兩孔積分球 ·························································· 90 附錄 E：Hamamatsu S2387-1010R 光接收二極體 ····························· 91. VI.
(9) 圖目錄 圖 1.1.1：基本 OLED 的架構示意圖········································································· 1 圖 1.1.2：OLED 在臨界電壓時的能量帶圖······························································ 2 圖 2.1.1：模擬兩個不同頻率的電磁波合成圖·························································· 8 圖 2.1.2：吸收係數與折射率的頻譜圖 ··································································· 12 圖 2.1.3：某一個時刻脈衝在負數群速度物質附近的傳播圖 ································ 16 圖 2.2.1：(a) OLED 順向偏壓能帶圖 ······································································ 19 (b) OLED 反向偏壓能帶圖 ····································································· 19 圖 2.2.2：OLED 小訊號的等效電路模型································································ 22 圖 2.2.3：OLED 交流量測示意圖············································································ 22 圖 2.2.4：ETL 與 HTL 等效電路模型 ····································································· 23 圖 2.2.5： i (t ) − v (t ) 交流訊號曲線 ··········································································· 24 圖 2.2.6： b(t ) − i (t ) 與 B-I 的交流與直流曲線 ························································ 25 圖 2.2.7：v(t)、i(t)與 b(t)對時間的曲線 ·································································· 27 圖 3.1.1： OLED 樣品基本結構·············································································· 28 圖 3.1.2：OLED 實際樣品照片 ··············································································· 29 圖 3.1.3：(a) 透明電極樣品照片············································································· 30 (b) 有機發光層樣品照片 ········································································ 30 圖 3.2.1：(a) SMA 接頭照片 ···················································································· 31 (b) 拇指形天線的照片 ············································································ 31 圖 3.3.1：(a) SMA天線S21頻譜圖 ············································································ 32 (b) SMA 角度分佈的場型圖···································································· 32 圖 3.3.2：OLED 微波量測示意圖············································································ 32 圖 3.3.3：微波量測實驗架設照片 ··········································································· 33 圖 3.3.4：藍、綠、白三種色光的OLED與ITO之S21頻譜······································ 34. VII.
(10) 圖 3.3.5：藍光OLED 13 .35GHz到 14.85GHz之S21頻譜 ········································ 34 圖 3.3.6：藍光 OLED 脈衝響應··············································································· 35 圖 3.3.7 綠光OLED 13.5 GHz到 14.2 GHz的S21吸收頻譜 ····································· 36 圖 3.3.8：為綠光 OLED 的脈衝響應······································································· 36 圖 3.3.9：白光OLED 13.5 GHz到 14.5GHz之S21頻譜 ············································ 38 圖 3.3.10：白光 OLED 的脈衝響應········································································· 38 圖 3.3.11：點亮與未點亮的脈衝響應圖·································································· 39 圖 3.3.12：ITO從 13.5 GHz到 14.5GHz之S21頻譜 ·················································· 39 圖 3.3.13：ITO 的脈衝響應 ····················································································· 40 圖 3.4.1：(a) 藍色發層 2D 強度分佈量測實驗架設的示意圖······························· 41 (b) 藍色發光層實驗架設照片································································· 42 圖 3.4.2：藍色發光層 10~20.05 GHz的S21頻譜 ······················································ 42 圖 3.4.3：(a) 未放置樣品時的的 2D 強度分佈圖··················································· 43 (b) 藍色發光層樣品的的 2D 強度分佈圖 ·············································· 43 圖 3.4.4：以拇指形天線量測到的藍色發光層的S21頻譜 ······································· 45 圖 3.4.5：藍色發光層折射率頻譜與S21頻譜圖······················································· 45 圖 3.4.6：(a) 藍色發光層的脈衝響應圖 ································································· 47 (b) 藍色發光層的脈衝響應圖 ································································ 47 圖 3.4.7：參考訊號分別減掉超前與延遲脈衝訊號的差值圖 ································ 48 圖 3.5.1：(a) 原 SMA End Launch Jack ··································································· 49 (b)去掉四個角的 SMA End Launch Jack Receptacle 照片······················ 49 圖 3.5.2：以 SMA End Launch Jack 為探針的實驗架設圖 ····································· 49 圖 3.5.3：白光 OLED 與不能發光的白光 OLED 的量測頻譜圖 ··························· 50 圖 4.1：S21頻譜與折射率頻譜 ················································································· 53 圖 5.1.1：(a) 實驗量測架構示意圖········································································· 56 (b) OLED 直流量測實驗架設照片 ·························································· 56 VIII.
(11) (c)為偵測器實體照片 ·············································································· 56 圖 5.1.2：白光 OLED 的 I-V 曲線圖 ······································································· 57 圖 5.1.3：白光 OLED 的 B-V 曲線圖······································································ 57 圖 5.1.4：白光 OLED 的 B-I 曲線圖 ······································································· 58 圖 5.1.5：白光 OLED 頻率響應實驗架構圖 ·························································· 59 圖 5.1.6：白光 OLED 振幅頻率響應······································································ 59 圖 5.1.7 白光 OLED 相位頻率響應，頻率範圍從 5 KHz 到 500 ························ 60 圖 5.1.8 白光 OLED 電導頻率響應，頻率範圍從 5 KHz 到 500 KHz················ 60 圖 5.1.9：白光 OLED 電容頻率響應，頻率範圍從 5 KHz 到 500 KHz··············· 61 圖 5.1.10：OLED 小訊號電路模型·········································································· 62 圖 5.1.11：PSPICE 模擬軟體中的 OLED 量測電路圖 ··········································· 62 圖 5.1.12 ：(a) 直流偏壓 5V，白光 OLED 的振幅頻率響應模擬與實驗比較圖 63 (b) 直流偏壓 5V，白光 OLED 的相位頻率響應模擬與實驗比較圖 63 (c) 直流偏壓 7V，白光 OLED 的振幅頻率響應模擬與實驗比較圖64 (d) 直流偏壓 7V，白光 OLED 的相位頻率響應模擬與實驗比較圖 64 圖 5.1.13：OLED 方波響應量測實驗裝置照片 ······················································ 66 圖 5.1.14：輸入電壓與 OLED 跨壓及亮度波形 ····················································· 66 圖 5.2.1：(a)直流 B-I-V 實驗量測架構示意圖························································ 69 (b)實驗系統照片 ······················································································ 69 (c) 光偵測器照片···················································································· 69 圖 5.2.2：(a) 第一週期的外加電壓上升部分時 OLED 上的跨壓 ························· 70 (b) 第一週期的外加電壓下降部分時 OLED 上的跨壓························· 70 圖 5.2.3：(a) 第一週期的外加電壓上升部分時流經 OLED 的電流 ····················· 70 (b) 第一週期的外加電壓下降部分時流經 OLED 的電流····················· 70 圖 5.2.4：(a) 第一週期的外加電壓上升部分時流經 OLED 發光亮度 ················· 70 (b) 第一週期的外加電壓下降部分時流經 OLED 的發光亮度············· 70 IX.
(12) 圖 5.2.5：(a) 第二週期的外加電壓上升部分時 OLED 上的跨壓 ························· 71 (b) 第二週期的外加電壓下降部分時 OLED 上的跨壓 ························ 71 圖 5.2.6：(a) 第二週期的外加電壓上升部分時流經 OLED 的電流 ····················· 71 (b) 第二週期的外加電壓下降部分時流經 OLED 的電流····················· 71 圖 5.2.7：(a) 第二週期的外加電壓上升部分時流經 OLED 發光亮度 ················· 71 (b) 第二週期的外加電壓下降部分時流經 OLED 的發光亮度············· 71 圖 5.2.8：(a) 第三週期的外加電壓上升部分時 OLED 上的跨壓 ························· 72 (b) 第三週期的外加電壓下降部分時 OLED 上的跨壓························· 72 圖 5.2.9：(a) 第三週期的外加電壓上升部分時流經 OLED 的電流 ····················· 72 (b) 第三週期的外加電壓下降部分時流經 OLED 的電流 ···················· 72 圖 5.2.10：(a) 第三週期的外加電壓上升部分時流經 OLED 發光亮度 ··············· 72 (b) 第三週期的外加電壓下降部分時流經 OLED 的發光亮度··········· 72 圖 5.2.11：在三個週期後，一次加到 10 V 後再以每 0.5 秒下降 0.5 V 地降到 0 的 (a) OLED 跨壓曲線 ················································································· 73 (b) 電流曲線 ··························································································· 73 (c) 亮度曲線 ··························································································· 73 圖 5.2.12：無法再發光的綠光 OLED 樣品照片 ···················································· 74 圖 5.2.13：(a) 振幅為 7V 時，綠光 OLED 外加電壓波形圖 ································ 76 (b) 振幅為 7V 時，綠光 OLED 的電流波形 ······································· 76 (c) 振幅為 7V 時，綠光 OLED 外加電壓與亮度波形圖···················· 77 圖 5.2.14：(a) Duty circle = 40%的綠光 OLED 外加電壓波形圖··························· 77 (b) Duty circle = 40%的綠光 OLED 的電流波形 ·································· 77 (c) Duty circle = 40%的綠光 OLED 外加電壓與亮度波形圖 ·············· 77 圖 5.2.15：(a) 振幅為 8V 時，綠光 OLED 外加電壓波形圖 ································ 78 (b) 振幅為 8V 時，綠光 OLED 的電流波形 ······································· 78 (c) 振幅為 8V 時，綠光 OLED 外加電壓與亮度波形圖···················· 78 X.
數據
+7
相關文件
1.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 1.5 Finding Limits Graphically and Numerically 1.6 Evaluating Limits Analytically.. 1.7 Continuity and One-Sided Limits 1.8
By correcting for the speed of individual test takers, it is possible to reveal systematic differences between the items in a test, which were modeled by item discrimination and
--coexistence between d+i d singlet and p+ip-wave triplet superconductivity --coexistence between helical and choral Majorana
Professor of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University. Chair
2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.. 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua
Department of Physics and Institute of nanoscience, NCHU, Taiwan School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan.. International Laboratory for Quantum
The criterion for securing consistence in bilateral vicinities is to rule out the pairs which consist of two cliff cell edges with different slope inclination but the pairs
This project is the optical electro-mechanic integration design and manufacturing research of high magnifications miniaturized size zoom lens and novel active high accuracy laser
