單元製造系統之人力配置策略研究 - 政大學術集成

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(1)୯ ҥ ࡹ ‫ ݯ‬ε Ꮲ Ҿ ཰ ᆅ ౛ Ꮲ ࣴ ‫܌ ز‬ ᅺ γ Ꮲ Տ ፕ Ў. ൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍ϐΓ঩ଛ࿼฼ౣࣴ‫ز‬. ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻࢫ‫҇ژ‬ ࣴ ‫ ز‬ғǺ஭྆‫ݒ‬ ύ୯҇୯ΐΜϖԃϤД.

(2) ii.

(3) ᄔा ! ! җ‫ܭ‬Ͽໆӭኬ‫ޑ‬ғౢᖿ༈Ǵൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍(Cellular Manufacturing Systems) ςԋࣁҞ߻ᇙ೷཰‫ޑ‬ख़ᗺϐ΋Ƕӧൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍ύǴ‫ڀ‬Ԗӭᅿ‫ޑૈמ‬঩πࢂѸ ഢ‫ޑ‬చҹǴӵՖԖਏ‫ޑ‬ଛ࿼ΓΚ฼ౣջࣁҁࣴ‫ޑز‬ख़ᗺǶΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣх֖Α ࡰ‫ۓ‬ԄȐҗൂ΋ᏹբ঩ॄೢࢌҹπբȑ ǵӅ٦ԄȐҗ‫ٿ‬Ӝ‫ٿ܈‬Ӝа΢ᏹբ঩Ӆӕ ॄೢࢌҹπբȑϷషӝԄΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣȐӕਔ٬Ҕࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ‫ک‬Ӆ٦Ԅ‫ٿ‬ᅿ฼ౣȑ Ǵ ‫ځ‬ύǴӅ٦Ԅ‫ک‬షӝԄ‫ޑ‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣёᆀࣁቸ‫܄‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣǶा٬Ҕቸ‫܄‬ ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣǴሡाԖΓΚቸ‫(܄‬Labor Flexibility)Ƕ ! ! ‫܌‬ᒏ‫ޑ‬ΓΚቸ‫܄‬ӧൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍ёϩࣁ‫ঁٿ‬БӛǺ(1)ൂϡ໔‫ޑ‬ΓΚቸ‫܄‬ (Inter-Cell Labor Flexibility)Ǵջόӕൂϡ໔‫ޑ‬ᙯඤૈΚǴ(2)ൂϡϣ‫ޑ‬ΓΚቸ‫܄‬ (Intra-Cell Labor Flexibility)Ǵջൂϡϣόӕπբ໔‫ޑ‬ᙯඤૈΚǶҁࣴ‫ز‬ϩࣁ‫ঁٿ‬ Ьा೽ҽǴϩձ௖૸ӧൂϡ໔௦Ҕቸ‫܄‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣ‫ک‬ӧൂϡϣ௦Ҕቸ‫܄‬ΓΚ ଛ࿼฼ౣჹ‫ܭ‬πբໆѳᑽำࡋǵπբໆӅ٦ำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶ ! ! ਥᏵࣴ‫่݀ز‬Ǵӧൂϡϣ௦Ҕቸ‫ޑ܄‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣჹ‫ܭ‬ᏹբ঩໔‫ޑ‬πբໆ ѳᑽ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ࣣԖ‫ޔ‬ௗЪ҅ӛቹៜǴՠᒿ๱ᏹբ঩ኧҞ‫ޑ‬෧ϿǴቸ‫ޑ܄‬ΓΚ ଛ࿼฼ౣჹ‫ܭ‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐቹៜ෧১ǵࣗԿᡂࣁॄӛਏ݀ǹӧൂϡ໔௦Ҕቸ‫ޑ܄‬ ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣϐਏ݀‫ک‬ӧൂϡϣ௦Ҕቸ‫ޑ܄‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣ࣬՟Ǵჹᏹբ঩໔‫ޑ‬ πբໆѳᑽ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ҭԖ‫ޔ‬ௗЪ҅ӛቹៜǴЪᒿ๱ൂϡኧቚуǴӧൂϡ໔௦ Ҕቸ‫ޑ܄‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣჹᕮਏ߄౜‫ޑ‬ቹៜቚமǶҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐ่݀ё଺ࣁၮҔቸ‫܄‬ ‫ޑ‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣаϷೕჄҬϕ૽ግਔ‫ୖޑ‬ԵБӛǴ٠ёҔԜࢎᄬٰႣෳᕮਏ‫ׯ‬ ᡂǶ. ᜢᗖӷǺൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍ǵΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣǵΓΚԖज़‫س‬಍ǵπբໆѳᑽำࡋǵπ բໆӅ٦ำࡋǶ.

(4) Abstract The object of the research is to study agile labor assignments in cellular manufacturing systems by intra-cell and inter-cell operator’s mobility. There are three labor assignments strategies including dedicated (only one operator is responsible for a work), shared (two or more than two operators are responsible for a work), and combined assignment (using both of dedicated assignment and shared assignment). Different assignments lead to different workload balancing, workload sharing and performance. The research builds a simulate framework which includes operators’ moving rule, proposition of empirical study and index of workload balancing and workload sharing. According the result of research, applying intra-cell operator’s mobility can improve operator’s workload balancing and performance. Nevertheless, the relationship of intra-cell operator’s mobility and performance would decrease with decreasing of labor limited. The impact of inter-cell operator’s mobility is similar to intra-cell operator’s mobility, but it would increase with increase of complexity. The simulate framework which pass through the testing can use in an actual company case, provide a direction of how to use labor assignments, and forecast the impact of using agile labor assignment.. Keywords: Cellular Manufacturing Systems; Labor Assignment; Labor Limited Systems; Workload Balancing; Workload Sharing. ii.

(5) Ҟԛ ᄔा .............................................................................................................................. i Ҟԛ ............................................................................................................................ iii ߄ԛ ............................................................................................................................. v კԛ ........................................................................................................................... vii ಃ΋ക! ᆣፕ ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳ ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒ‫ک‬Ҟ‫ ޑ‬.......................................................................................... 2 1.3 ࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำ ...................................................................................................... 2 ಃΒക! Ў᝘௖૸ ..................................................................................................... 4 2.1 ൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ᕮਏ߄౜ .......................................................................... 4 2.1.1 ࢬำਔ໔ ........................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 ӧᇙࠔӸ೤ ........................................................................................ 8 2.1.3 ߻࿼ਔ໔ ........................................................................................... 8 2.1.4 ᐒᏔਏ౗(Machine Utilization)......................................................... 9 2.1.5 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ ............................................................................... 9 2.2 ቹៜΓΚቸ‫ޑ܄‬Ӣન .................................................................................11 2.2.1 ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣȐLabor Assignment Strategyȑ.............................. 12 2.2.3 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ(Workload balancing)........................................... 13 2.2.2 πբໆӅ٦ำࡋ(Workload sharing) .............................................. 14 2.2.4 Cross-training (Ҭϕ૽ግ)................................................................ 15 2.2.5 πΓ‫ޑ‬Ј౛Ӣન ............................................................................. 16 2.3 ኳᔕᇙ೷ൂϡ‫ޑ‬Б‫ ݤ‬................................................................................. 17 ಃΟക! ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ ݤ‬................................................................................................... 20 3.1 ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬ .................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Ӛ໨ᡂኧ .................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ(Workload Balancing)........................................... 21 3.2.2 ᗉխ౟ᓍ‫ޑ‬ౢғ(the presence of bottlenecks) ............................... 23 3.2.3 πբໆӅ٦ำࡋ(workload sharing)............................................... 23 3.2.4 ᆅ౛ཷ‫ ۺ‬......................................................................................... 25. iii.

(6) 3.3 ຑ՗Γ঩ଛ࿼฼ౣ .................................................................................... 26 3.3.1 ኳᔕ‫؁‬ᡯ ......................................................................................... 27 3.3.2 ࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫کڋ‬ጄൎ ............................................................................. 32 ಃѤക! ࣴ‫ ่݀ز‬................................................................................................... 33 4.1 ൂϡϣπբໆӅ٦ำࡋ ............................................................................ 33 4.1.1 ൂ΋ᇙ೷ൂϡʏ‫ٿ‬Ӝᏹբ঩ ......................................................... 33 4.1.2 ൂ΋ᇙ೷ൂϡʏΟӜᏹբ঩ ......................................................... 46 4.1.3 Кၨ ................................................................................................. 50 4.1.4 λ่ ................................................................................................. 53 4.2 ൂϡ໔πբໆӅ٦ำࡋ ............................................................................ 57 4.2.1 Βঁᇙ೷ൂϡʏѤӜᏹբ঩ ......................................................... 57 4.2.2 Οঁᇙ೷ൂϡʏϤӜᏹբ঩ ......................................................... 63 4.2.3 λ่ ................................................................................................. 66 ಃϖക! ่ፕ‫ࡌک‬᝼ ............................................................................................... 68 5.1 ่ፕ ............................................................................................................ 68 5.2 ࡕុࣴ‫ࡌز‬᝼ ............................................................................................ 69 ୖԵЎ᝘ ................................................................................................................... 71. iv.

(7) ߄ԛ ߄ 2. 1 ൂϡᇙ೷‫س‬಍‫ک‬фૈᇙ೷‫س‬಍ϐᕮਏ࣬ᜢЎ᝘ ....................................... 5 ߄ 2. 2 πբໆѳᑽࡰ኱᏾౛ ................................................................................. 10 ߄ 2. 3 Ҭϕ૽ግำࡋቹៜቸ‫܄‬ΓΚଛ࿼฼ౣϐ‫ޔ‬ௗ‫ک‬໔ௗᐒ‫ ڋ‬..................... 13 ߄ 3. 1 ҁࣴ‫ز‬ଷ೛᏾౛ ......................................................................................... 20 ߄ 3. 2 ኳࠠϣ‫ޑ‬ᇙ೷ൂϡ‫ޑ‬ኧҞǵൂϡϣ‫ޑ‬πբኧǵ،‫ۓ‬ᏹբ঩‫ޑ‬ኧҞ ..... 28 ߄ 4. 1 ൂϡϣࡰ‫ۓ‬ԄΓ঩ଛ࿼฼ౣȐӈᖐ೽ҽȑ ............................................. 33 ߄ 4. 2 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 2 OPR /ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅȑ................... 35 ߄ 4. 3 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫(߄݋‬1 Cell / 2 OPR /ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ/πբৡ౦λ).... 36 ߄ 4. 4 30 ঁπբৡ౦ε‫ޑ‬ᇙ೷ൂϡϐ଑ᘜϩ‫݋‬௹౗໨᏾౛ ............................. 37 ߄ 4. 5 ൂϡϣషӝԄΓ঩ଛ࿼฼ౣȐӈᖐ೽ҽȑ ............................................. 38 ߄ 4. 6 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄȑ................... 40 ߄ 4. 7 ූৡϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄȑ................... 40 ߄ 4. 8 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫(߄݋‬πբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄ/ πբৡ౦λ) .................................................................................................. 41 ߄ 4. 9 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫(߄݋‬πբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄ/ πբৡ౦ε) .................................................................................................. 42 ߄ 4. 10 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄȑ............................. 43 ߄ 4. 11 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫(߄݋‬ᕮਏ߄౜/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄ/πբৡ ౦λ) .............................................................................................................. 43 ߄ 4. 12 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫(߄݋‬ᕮਏ߄౜/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄ/πբ ৡ౦ε) .......................................................................................................... 44 ߄ 4. 13 30 ঁπբৡ౦ε‫ޑ‬ᇙ೷ൂϡϐ଑ᘜϩ‫݋‬௹౗໨᏾౛ ............................ 45 ߄ 4. 14 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 3 OPR /ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅȑ................. 46 ߄ 4. 15 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 3 OPR /షӝԄȑ................. 48 ߄ 4. 16 ූৡϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/1 Cell / 3 OPR /షӝԄȑ................. 48 ߄ 4. 17 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜/1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄȑ............................. 49 ߄ 4. 18 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫߄݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜/1 Cell / Allȑ .................... 50 ߄ 4. 19 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫߄݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/ ‫ץ‬ໆӢηȑ ........ 53 ߄ 4. 20 ANCOVA ኳԄϐᡂ౦ኧϩ‫(߄݋‬ᕮਏ߄౜ / ‫ץ‬ໆӢη) ....................... 54. v.

(8) ߄ 4. 21 ൂϡ໔ࡰ‫ۓ‬Γ঩ଛ࿼฼ౣȐӈᖐ೽ҽȑ ............................................... 57 ߄ 4. 22 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/2 Cell / 4OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ࡰ ‫ۓ‬Ԅ) .............................................................................................................. 58 ߄ 4. 23 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜/2 Cell / 4OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ) ....................................................................................................................... 59 ߄ 4. 24 ൂϡϣሲӝԄǵൂϡ໔షӝԄΓ঩ଛ࿼฼ౣȐӈᖐ೽ҽȑ ............... 60 ߄ 4. 25 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/2 Cell / 4OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ష ӝԄȑ ........................................................................................................... 61 ߄ 4. 26 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜/2 Cell / 4OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔షӝԄȑ ....................................................................................................................... 62 ߄ 4. 27 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/3 Cell / 6OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ࡰ ‫ۓ‬Ԅ) .............................................................................................................. 63 ߄ 4. 28 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜ / 3 Cell / 6OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ) ....................................................................................................................... 64 ߄ 4. 29 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑπբໆѳᑽำࡋ/3 Cell / 6OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ష ӝԄȑ ........................................................................................................... 65 ߄ 4. 30 ଑ᘜϩ‫่݀݋‬Ȑᕮਏ߄౜ / 3Cell / 6OPR /ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔షӝԄȑ ....................................................................................................................... 66. vi.

(9) კԛ კ 1. 1 ࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำ ....................................................................................................... 3 კ 2. 1 Ꮲಞਏ݀ᆶᒪ‫ב‬ਏ݀ .................................................................................. 17 კ 3. 1 ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬკ .................................................................................................. 20 კ 3. 2 ௓‫ڋ‬ᡂኧ ...................................................................................................... 27 კ 3. 3 ኳᔕࢬำკ .................................................................................................. 31 კ 4. 1 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜(1 Cell / 2 OPR /ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ) ............................. 34 კ 4. 2 ൂϡϣπբໆӅ٦ำࡋ‫ک‬πբໆѳᑽำࡋ(1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄ) ..... 39 კ 4. 3 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(1 Cell / 2 OPR /షӝԄ) ................. 42 კ 4. 4 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜(1 Cell / 3 OPR /ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ) ............................. 46 კ 4. 5 ൂϡϣπբໆӅ٦ำࡋ‫ک‬πբໆѳᑽำࡋ(1 Cell / 3 OPR /షӝԄ) ..... 47 კ 4. 6 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(1 Cell / 3 OPR /షӝԄ) ................. 49 კ 4. 7 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(1 Cell/2 OPR).................................. 52 კ 4. 8 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(1 Cell/3 OPR).................................. 52 კ 4. 9 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(All) .................................................. 52 კ 4. 10 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(‫ץ‬ໆελ) ..................................... 54 კ 4. 11 πբໆӅ٦ำࡋǵπբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯ ........................ 56 კ 4. 12 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(2 Cell/4 OPR/ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ)....................................................................................................... 58 კ 4. 13 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(2 Cell/4 OPR/ൂϡϣషӝ/ൂϡ໔ష ӝ)............................................................................................................... 62 კ 4. 14 πբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯(3 Cell/6 OPR/ൂϡϣషӝԄ/ൂϡ໔ ࡰ‫ۓ‬Ԅ)....................................................................................................... 63 კ 4. 15 ൂϡϣπբໆӅ٦ำࡋǵൂϡ໔πբໆӅ٦ำࡋǵπբໆѳᑽำࡋ‫ک‬ ᕮਏ߄౜ϐᜢ߯კ .................................................................................... 67. vii.

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