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台北都會區住宅品質標準之研究

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(1)

Arch

i

tect

u

re

.

A

.I.

R

.O

Dec

.

,1992

re D

is

tr

ic

t

s and

ung Uni versjry.

Cheng Kung University.

of urban developmem,

By using multiple re­

m the type and size o~

From the view point of

trip characteristics havr

ngs of (1) and (2), we ~.~.m~¥.rm~¥fiJMtM PP.21 ~38, 1992.$12i1

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18.Annez,P. and Wheaton,W.C.(1984),"Eco_ nomic Development and Hous ing Sector: A Cross-national Model" ,Economic De ­ velopment and Cultural Change ,Vol.32. 19 . Baer,W . C.(1976),"The Evolut ion

0:

Housing Indicators and Housing Stan­ dards :Some Lessons for the Future. Public Policy,Vol.24, No .3.

20.Burns,L.S. and Grebler, L.(1976), "Re' source Allocation to Ho usi ng Invest. ment: A Comparative I nterna tional Study",-u2;Economic Development and Cultural Change,Vol .25 .

21 .Chang , C.O . (1986),"Exp l anat i on and Forecasting of National Hous ing In­ vestment: A Comparative Study in Tai ­

wan(ROC),Korea(South),Japan, and the USA" ,Ph.D. Dissertation, Unlversity of Pennsylvania.

22 .Car ley ,M. (1981), "Soc ia I Measu rement and Social Indicators: Issues of Pol­

icy and Theory ", George Al len

&

Unwit LTD.

23.Clemmer,R.B . and Simonson,J C. (1983) ­ Trends in Substandard Ho using: 1940-1980",J. of AREUEA( Ame ri can Rea l

Estate and Urban Economi cs Associa­ tion),Vol.10,No.4 .

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ical analysis and applicat ion to the Sudan",Ekistics, No.216.

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Indicators Research,Vol.5 .

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of Housing Code Enforcemen t" , Land Economics, Vo I. 49 ,No.1 8.tatcIiff, dards and Economics, 29.Ravall ion , of Housin) AppI icatio Econom i cs , 1 30. St ern lie Statistic! Housing (I976),"H( AKS Press,t JJ.falden,M .L. Codes on L of AREUEA, 32.fexler ,H. J. and Local Books .

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irf3t

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and Ho us ing Sector: odel",EconOlll ic De­ lfa I Change ,VaI. 32 . "The Evoluti on oj and Hou s i ng Stan ­ ; for the Future' 24, No. 3. bler, L. (1 976 ) , "Re_ to Hous ing [nvest­ ve I nte rnat i ana! c Deve l opmen t and

1.25.

"Expl ana ti on and ional Housi ng In­ t i ve Study in rai­

:h) ,Japan , and the tion,Un ivers i tyof ocial Me asur ement rs: Issues of Pol­

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U1onson,J. C (1983)"

ndard Hous ing :

~UEA(Amer ican Real conomics Associa­ "A Compr ehe nsive

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