某社區大學學員健康促進生活型態及相關因素之研究
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(3) SPSS. i.
(4) 720 684. 95%. 1. 2 3. 4 2 59.2%. ii.
(5) Study on Health Promoting Lifestyle and the Related Factors in a Community College Student. A Master Thesis By Lih-Ru Low ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution and mutual relations among self-perceived health status, health behavior self-efficacy, and health-promoting lifestyle of students in a community college. A self-administered questionnaire combined with self-perceived health status scale, health behavior self-efficacy scale, and health-promoting lifestyle scale was applied in this study. A total number of 720 questionnaires were distributed and 684 valid questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 95%. The study results found that: (1) For health-promoting lifestyle of the study object, the highest score was self-actualization, followed by interpersonal support, nutrition, health responsibility, and stress management. And the lowest score was physical activities. The status of self-perceived health was in moderate degree. (2) The scores of health behavior self-efficacy in order are: psychological well-being, exercise, nutrition and health responsibility. (3) The factors affecting health-promoting lifestyle of the students in the community college include: demographic haracteristics (age, education, marital status, and occupation), self-perceived health status and health behavior self-efficacy, which had a positive correlation with health-promoting lifestyle. The lower the stress, the older the age, married and jobless, the better health status and the better health-promoting lifestyle iii.
(6) implementation. (4) Self-perceived health status and health behavior self-efficacy are 2 valid predicting variables, the total variance is 59.2%. Keywords: Self-perceived health status, community college students, health behavior self-efficacy, health-promoting lifestyle. iv.
(7) 1 鐶 4 5 5 6. 8 1鐶 15 17 20. 24 25 25 鐶1 v.
(8) 鐶鐶. 鐶6. 64 101. 106 108 111 118. 119 Health-Promoting Lifestyle ProfileⅡ Scoring 126. Instructions. vi.
(9) 2-1. 20. 3-1. 鐶1. 3-2. 鐶2. 3-3. 鐶4. 4-1. 鐶9. 4-2. 42. 4-3. 42. 4-4. 45. 4-5. 45. 4-6. 47. 4-7. 5鐶. 4-8. 57. 4-9. 58 ~. 4-10. 60 ~. 4-11. 61 ~. 4-12. 62 vii.
(10) ~. 4-13. 62 ~. 4-14. 6鐶 ~. 4-15. 6鐶 65. 4-16 4-17. 68 4-18 69 4-19 70 4-20 71 4-21 7鐶 4-22 74 viii.
(11) 4-23 76 4-24 79 ~. 4-25. 80 ~. 4-26. 81 ~. 4-27. 82 ~. 4-28. 84 4-29 89 4-30 91 4-31 92 4-32 ix.
(12) 94 4-33 95 4-34 96 4-35 97 4-36 99. n=684 4-37. 100 4-38. 101. 4-39. 10鐶. 4-40. 104. 4-41. 104. 鐶-1. 24. x.
(13) Foody,2001 1.. 98 2.. 3.. 4.. 2009. 5.. Lalonde 2000 43%. 19%. 11%. 1992. 2006. 2009 1. 27%.
(14) Bandura,1984. Heidrich,1998 Flower, 1996. 1999. … 2009. (. 1996). 1994 2.
(15) 85. 13. 2008. Pender. 3.
(16) 4.
(17) (Walker, Sechrist, &Pender, 1987). 5.
(18) 1996. Becker, Stuifbergen, Oh. 6. Hall 1993.
(19) 7.
(20) 1948 O Donnell 1986 WHO. 1986. Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion. Pender 1987 (health protection). 8. (health promotion).
(21) Walker et al.(1987). 1998 1994. 2000. 1991. 2001. Singer,1982. 1988 Dume,1961. Palank,1991. 9. Shultz 1984. WHO1998.
(22) Feldman. Thielbar 1975. Alan Dever 1976. 2000. Kasl. Cobb 1966. 10.
(23) 1997. Pender,1985 Palank,1991 Pender 1987. 11. Walker Sechrist.
(24) 鄢. 1991. 2005. Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2002; Palank, 1991; Walker, Sechrist, & Pender, 1987) 鄢. 璇 (Harris & Guten,. 鄢. 1979). 2001. 1997 2007 Chen, Wang,Yang, & Liou,. 2003; Chung, Yu, Chao, Chen, & Syu, 2010; Pender, Walker , Sechrist, &Frank-Stromborg, 1990; Walker, Sechrist, & Pender, 1987) 鄢. 璇. (poor health habit). Walker. (1987). ( 1999 ). 12.
(25) Coleman & Iso-Ahola ( 1993 ). Walker, et al 1996. 252. 1997. 1999. 920. Walker, et al 1995. Walker, et al. 13. Pender et al..1990.
(26) Palank, 1991. Svedberg, Licktenstein,＆ Pedersen,2001. Rudy 1989 Gould. 1990. 20-86. 349. Garcia 1995. 286 1988. Marry E. Duffy 1993. Bottorff 1996. 2003. 20-60. 65. 1339. 112. 2005. 350 14.
(27) 1992. 2008. 8. 842 2010 251 2010. Bandura. 15. 435.
(28) Bandura,1977 Strecher, Devellis, Becker, and Rosenstock (1986). 21. 鄢 璇 Weitzel and Waller (1990). 173 Gillis 1993. 1983-1991. 23. Palank,1991. 2007. 2001 16. 1997.
(29) 2004 1997. Felton Parsons. Bartoces 1997. 21. 64. Linda Rowaida. Mary 1999. 950. 21-60. Walker Volkan Sechrist 452. Pender 1988. 18-88 2009. 640 17. Pender.
(30) 2010. Warker, et al 1988. 2002. 291. 2005. Pender, et al 1990 6. 589 1997. 500. 65. 2003 2010 251. 2010 18.
(31) 435 51~60. 61. 40. 2002 227. Johnson Rather. Bottoff. Hayduk 1996. 20-64 BMI. 2004. 2005. 1998. 19. 221.
(32) 2-1 1988. Walker Volkan Sechrist. 18-88. 452. Pender. Pender 1989. Weitzel. 1990. Pender,Walker Sechris ＆. 179. BMI 589. Frank-Stromsorg. 1990. 1991. Gould. 20-86. 鐶49. 40. 20.
(33) 2-1 1992. 20-59 1,000 1993. Johnson. 20-64. Rather Bottoff Hayduk. BMI. 1993. Duffy. 65. 1995. Garcia. 286 197 209. 1995. 1996. Bottorff. 1997. Felton Parsons Bartoces. 1,339. 21. 64. 1998 659. 21.
(34) 2-1. 1998 66 1999. Linda. 950. 21-60. Rowaida Mary 1999 1,507 2002 245 221. 2002. 2004 113. 2004 2004. 221. 2005 410 2005. 291. 22.
(35) 2-1. 2006 382 6. BMI. 2007 239. 8. 2008 842 2009. 640 2010 2011 297. 2011 251. 2011 435. 23.
(36) 鐶-1 24.
(37) 13 3,000. Krejcie and Morgan 1970 3,000. 341 600 20%. 10-20 684. 120. 50. 720 95%. 25. 35.
(38) 200鐶 1997 5 6. Likert. 30. Cronbach s α. 1995. 0.895. Becker. 1993. 5 0. 0 1. 25% 2 75% 4. 50% 3 100%. 0-100 Cronbach s. 0.957. 0.829-0.932. 1. 26.
(39) 6. 2. 7. 鐶. 7. 3 30. 4. 5. 27.
(40) Walker, et al. 1995 52. 8 鄢9. 鄢9. 8 璇. 9 璇. 9. Liker 1-4. 52-128 Cronbach. sα. Cronbach s α. 0.963. 0.810-0.919. 1. 9 6-11. 2-4. 3-5. 2-3. 2. 9. 3 20. 5 3 28.
(41) 鐶. 8. 15-20 4. 9. 1. 5. 9. 29.
(42) 6. 9. 4. 鐶5. 35 30.
(43) SPSS 17.0 Cronbach s α. 0.895. 0.957. 0.963. Cronbach. s α. 0.810-0.932. 3-1 鄢. 璇. 鄢n=35璇 鄢25璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.957. Cronbach. sα. 0.829. Cronbach. sα. 0.859. Cronbach. sα. 0.932. Cronbach. sα. 0.924. Cronbach. sα. Cronbach. sα. 0.963 0.810. 鄢8璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.867. 鄢8璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.882. 鄢9璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.899. 鄢9璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.867. 鄢9璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.919. Cronbach. sα. 0.895. 鄢6璇 鄢7璇 鄢7璇 鄢5璇 鄢52璇 鄢9璇. 6. 31.
(44) 3. 101. 3. 101. 17. 3. 3. 14 15 16. 27. 17. 3. 27 720. 684 Cronbach s α. 95% 0.786-0.955. 3-2 3-2 鄢. 璇. 鄢n=鐶5璇. 鄢n=684璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.895. 0.886. Cronbach. sα. 0.957. 0.955. 32.
(45) 3-2 鄢. 璇. 鄢n=鐶5璇. 鄢n=684璇. Cronbach. sα. 0.829. 0.846. Cronbach. sα. 0.859. 0.920. Cronbach. sα. 0.932. 0.926. Cronbach. sα. 0.924. 0.903. Cronbach. sα. 0.963. 0.954. Cronbach. sα. 0.810. 0.786. Cronbach. sα. 0.867. 0.882. Cronbach. sα. 0.882. 0.865. Cronbach. sα. 0.899. 0.908. Cronbach. sα. 0.867. 0.913. Cronbach. sα. 0.919. 0.942. coding 17.0. 33. SPSS Windows.
(46) 1.. 2.. one way ANOVA. Scheffe＇s Test. Pearson Poduct-moment corellation. 鐶. 鐶-鐶. t. 34.
(47) 鐶-鐶. 35.
(48) 684. 215. 31.4%. 469. 68.6%. 68.6%. 16-83 12.88 139 70. 50-59 (20.3%) 50 26. 49.95 234. 399. (34.2%). 60-69. (58.33%) 20. (3.8%). 6 <30. 36. (0.9%) 30-49.
(49) 50-64. 65. 326. 4. 50-64. 47.7% 73. 30-49. 10.7. <30. 65. 50-64. 261. 220. 32.2. 65. 9.5 %. 47.7%. 鄢38.2%璇. 鄢20%璇. 68. 鄢2.2%璇. 鄢25.1%璇. 172. 鄢9.9%璇. 22. 137. 鄢3.2%璇. 18. 鄢0.9%璇. 6. 5. 22 16.1% 68. 52 9.9%. 0.3%. 1 35. 3.1% 108. 7.6%. 0 15.8%. 132. 2 24. 3.5%. 0%. 93 2.3% 5 37. 110. 19.3%. 0.1%. 5.1%. 16. 3.2%. 21 13.6%.
(50) 217 15鐶 68. 鐶1.7%. 169. 77. 22.4. 24.7. 11.3 % 鐶1.7%. 9.9. 鐶95 鄢31.1%璇. 213. 37. 鄢5.4%璇. 鄢57.5%璇 34. 鄢5%璇. 5. 鄢0.7%璇 4. 鐶95 21鐶. 鐶7. 鐶9. 31.1. 57.7%. 5.7. 5.4 %. 170 157 100 1. 23%. 24.9% 151. 22.1%. 14.6% 0.1%. 2 584. 85.4%. 100. 16.18-鐶5.57 38. 14.6%. 22.73.
(51) 2.93. 18.5-23.9 152 37. 208. 439 22.2%. 56. 38 8.3%. 8.2%. 5.4% 30.2%. 492 192. 64.2%. 71.9%. 28.1%. 58. 19.8%. 25 7. 3.7%. 30.2%. 13%. 48. 16 25%. 50. 4-1. n=684. 215 469. 31.4 68.6 49.95. <鐶0 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 9.5 32.2 47.7 10.7 39. 12.88. 83. 16.
(52) 4-1. n=684. 213 395 40. 31.1 57.7 5.8. 137 172 261. 20 25.1 38.2. 74. 10.8. 217 169 15鐶 77. 鐶1.7. 68. 24.7 22.4 11.3 9.9. 100 584. 14.6 85.4 22.73. 18.5 18.5-2鐶.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439. 5.4 64.2. 152 56. 22.2 8.2. 492. 71.9. 192. 28.1. 6 6. 30. 4-2 21.29. 2.93. 35.57. 1. 16.18. 5 8-30. 3.67 40.
(53) /. 100. ×100. 70.97 3 3.87. 5 3.33. 4-3. 1. 45.6%. 282. 50. 312 41.2%. 7.3% 2. 323 251. 36.7%. 71. 47.2% 10.4% 3. 375 125. 54.8%. 155. 18.3%. 4. 292 262. 38.3%. 46. 42.7% 6.7%. 5 48.4%. 22.7%. 331 231. 33.8%. 70. 10.2% 6. 41.
(54) 323 37.9%. 47.2%. 58. 259. 8.5%. 53% 49% 20%. 4-2. n=684. *. 1. 2.. * *. 3. 4. 5. 6.. * * * 1.. 21.29 3.54 3.62 3.87. 3.67 0.728 0.759 0.764. 30 5 5 5. 8 1 1 1. 3 2 1. 3.43 3.33 3.50. 0.803 0.798 0.749. 5 5 5. 1 1 1. 5 6 4. 鄢璇. 2.*. 4-3. n=684. 1.. 50 (7.3%). 312 45.6%. 282 41.2%. 37 (5.4%). 3 0.4%. 2.. 71 (10.43%). 323 47.2%. 251 36.7%. 36 (5.3%). 3 0.4%. 3.. 125 (18.3%). 375 54.8%. 155 22.7%. 26 (3.8%). 3 0.4%. 4.. 46 (6.7%). 292 42.7%. 262 38.3%. 81 (11.8%). 3 0.4%. 42.
(55) 4-3. n=684. 5.. 42. 6.. (6.1%). 231 33.8%. 331 48.4%. 70 (10.2%). 10 1.5%. 42 (6.1%). 323 47.2%. 259 37.9%. 58 (8.5%). 2 0.3%. 25 7 0. 4. 6. 7 0. 5. 100 67.47. 15.44. 19.36 13.88 4-4. 4-4. 4.78 3.61. 2005 4-4 4-5. 2.72. 2.41. 2.95 2.29. 43.
(56) 2.90 2.62. 2.85 2.73 67.47. 19.36. 13.88. 44.
(57) 4-4. n=684. 1-7 8-13 14-20 21-25 :1. 鄢璇 2.. 25-100. 67.47. 15.44. 100. 20. 67.47. 7-28 6-24 14-28 5-20. 15.71 19.36 18.51 13.88. 3.93 4.78 5.76 3.61. 24 28 28 20. 1 3 2 2. 15.71 19.36 18.51 13.88. =鄢. /. 3 1 2 4. 璇*100%. 4-5. n=684. 6 1.. 2.70. 0.73. 2. 13. 2.. 5.. 2.41 2.50 2.68 2.70. 0.81 0.97 0.90 0.88. 6 5 4 2. 24 23 18 13. 6.. 2.72. 0.93. 1. 12. 1.. 2.64. 0.94. 5. 20. 2.. 2.54. 1.04. 6. 22. 鐶. 4.. 2.69. 0.98. 3. 16. 2.73. 0.99. 2. 9. 5.. 2.95. 0.84. 1. 1. 鐶. 4.. 7. 45.
(58) 4-5. n=684. 6.. 2.29. 1.22. 7. 25. 7.. 2.69. 0.94. 3. 16. 1. 2.. 2.68 2.86. 0.81 0.80. 6 2. 18 3. 鐶.. 2.86. 0.80. 2. 3. 4.. 2.90. 0.81. 1. 2. 5.. 2.62. 0.93. 7. 21. 2.73. 0.83. 4. 9. 2.70. 0.83. 5. 13. 1.. 2.73. 0.91. 5. 9. 2.. 2.76. 0.83. 3. 7. 鐶.. 2.85. 0.85. 1. 5. 4.. 2.74. 0.84. 4. 8. 5.. 2.81. 0.83. 2. 6. 7. 6.. 鐶. 鐶0. 7. 5. 46.
(59) n=684. 4-6. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 6 1.. 2. 176. 403. 60. (0.3). 43 6.3. (25.7). (58.9). (8.8). 2.. 7 (1.0). 76 (11.1). 275 (40.2). 283 (41.4). 43 (6.3). 3.. 22 (3.2) 15. 78 (11.4) 53. 208 (30.4) 170. 286 (41.8) 341. 90 (13.2) 105. 5.. (2.2) 11 (1.6). (7.7) 52 (7.6). (24.9) 172 (25.1). (49.9) 343 (50.1). (15.4) 106 (15.5). 6.. 12. 54. 184. 300. 134. (1.8). (7.9). (26.9). (43.9). (19.6). 12 (1.8) 60 (8.8). 19 2.8. 218 31.9. 338 49.4. 109 15.9. 14 2.0. 237 34.6. 329 48.1. 104 15.2. 79 (11.5) 99 (14.5) 107 (15.6). 13 1.9. 180 26.3. 364 53.2. 127 18.6. 328 48.0. 193 28.2. 65 9.5. 39 5.7. 232 33.9. 324 47.4. 89 13.0. 207 30.3. 314 45.9. 125 18.3. (10.4). 38 (5.6) 98 14.3. 276 40.4. 228 33.3. 82 12.0. 8. 69. 211. 268. 128. (1.2). (10.1). (30.8). (39.2). (18.7). 4.. 7 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.. 114 (16.7) 71. 13.. 98. 14.3. 7 14.. 47.
(60) n=684. 4-6. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 15.. 19. 95. 200. 241. 129. 16.. (2.8) 15 (2.2). (13.9) 66 (9.6). (29.2) 179 (26.2). (35.2) 282 (41.2). (18.9) 142 (20.8). 17.. 16. 62. 174. 273. 159. (2.3). (9.1). (25.4). (39.9). (23.2). 4. 28. 149. 321. 182. (0.6). (4.1). (21.8). (46.9). (26.6). 42 (6.1). 161 (23.5). 175 (25.6). 178 (26.0). 128 (18.7). 7 (1.0). 70 (10.2). 187 (27.3). 284 (41.5). 136 (19.9). 21.. 8 (1.2). 56 8.2. 185 27.0. 302 44.2. 133 19.4. 22.. 6 (0.9). 37 5.4. 190 27.8. 331 48.4. 120 17.5. 23.. 4 (0.6). 39 5.7. 165 24.1. 323 47.2. 153 22.4. 24.. 6 (0.9). 41 6.0. 196 28.7. 326 47.7. 115 16.8. 25.. 3 (0.4). 41 6.0. 167 24.4. 349 51.0. 124 18.1. 18.. 鐶. 19. 鐶0 20.. 5. 48.
(61) 52 8. 9. 8. 9. 9. 9. 1-4. 140.42. 22.97. 52-208. 207. 75. 67.45 27.57 5.25. 6.16. 18.33. 4-8 1999 2012. 4-7. 4-8. 4-9. 24.22 4.46 3.48. 426 601 鄢87.9%. 62.3. 175. 25.6. 88% 2-3. 2.0 49.
(62) 30. 87. 4.4. 117 鄢17.1%. 12.7. 17%. 18.33. 5.25 2.57. 108. 15.8. 345 鄢50.4%. 34.6. 1.67 71. 237. 28. 4.1. 99 鄢14.5%. 10.4. 50%. 15%. 21.28. 4.58 2.88 364. 127 491 鄢71.8%. 53.2 50. 18.6 72%.
(63) 2.33 65. 9.5. 193. 258 鄢37.7%. 28.2. 鐶8%. 22.73. 5.67 2.81. 鄢46.9%璇. 2.3 鄢43.7%璇. 鄢18.4%璇. 126. 鄢17.8%璇. 122 421 鄢61.5%. 65.3% 62%. 51. 321 447 鄢65.3%. 299.
(64) 26.28 351. 鄢51.3%璇. 5.30. 200 鄢29.2%璇. 551 鄢80.5% 54 鄢7.9%璇. 2.78 鄢25.9%璇. 177. 231 鄢32.8%. 27.57 6.16 鐶4鐶. 3.19 鄢34.8%璇. 鄢50.1 璇. 238. 581 鄢84.9% 1.56 223. 鄢32.6%). 46 269 鄢39.3%. 52. 鄢6.7%璇.
(65) 3.48 3.19 3.16 3.13. 3.09 3.09. 1.67 1.89. 2-3. 2.0 2.30 2.31. n=684. 4-7 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 9 1.. 45. 6.6 53. 232(33.9) 283(41.4) 124(18.1).
(66) n=684. 4-7 鄢%璇. 2.. 55(8.0). 3. 4.. 6-11 2-4 3-5 2-3. 5. 6.. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 236(34.5) 262(38.3) 131(19.2). 65(9.5) 224(32.7) 265(38.7) 43(6.3) 303(44.3) 248(36.3) 30(4.4) 252(36.8) 304(44.4) 150(21.9) 417(61) 87(12.7). 7.. 2-3. 鄢%璇. 328(48). 130(19) 90(13.2) 98(14.3) 30(4.4). 23(3.4). 252(36.8). 81(11.8). 8.. 69(10.1). 214(31.3) 227(33.2) 174(25.4). 9.. 13(1.9). 70(10.2). 60(8.8) 79(11.5). 279(40.8) 237(34.6) 108(15.8) 284(41.5) 178(26) 143(20.9). 175(25.6) 426(62.3). 8 1. 2.. 鐶 20. 3.. 99(14.5) 306(44.7) 176(25.7) 103(15.1) 107(15.6) 317(46.3) 170(24.9) 90(13.2). 4. 鐶. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 114(16.7) 325(47.5) 157(23) 71(10.4) 261(38.2) 258(37.7) 352(51.5) 233(34.1) 71(10.4) 276(40.4) 251(36.7). 88(12.9) 94(13.7) 28(4.1). 116(17). 41(6). 8 1.. 19 2.8. 218 31.9. 338 49.4. 109 15.9. 2.. 14 2.0. 237 34.6. 329 48.1. 104 15.2. 3.. 13 1.9. 180 26.3. 364 53.2. 127 18.6. 4.. 98 14.3. 328 48.0. 193 28.2. 65 9.5. 54.
(67) n=684. 4-7. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 5.. 39 5.7. 232 33.9. 324 47.4. 89 13.0. 6.. 38 (5.6) 98 14.3. 207 30.3. 314 45.9. 125 18.3. 276 40.4. 228 33.3. 82 12.0. 4 5.8. 275 40.2. 279 40.8. 90 13.2. 1.. 17 2.5. 220 32.2. 321 46.9. 126 18.4. 2.. 32 4.7. 225 32.9. 295 43.1. 132 19.3. 3.. 40 5.8. 247 36.1. 289 42.3. 108 15.8. 4.. 105 15.4. 278 40.6. 227 33.2. 74 10.8. 5.. 92 13.5. 287 42.0. 231 33.8. 74 10.8. 6.. 103 15.1. 318 46.5. 200 29.2. 63 9.2. 7.. 122 17.8. 299 43.7. 196 28.7. 67 9.8. 8.. 115 16.8. 303 44.3. 203 29.7. 63 9.2. 9.. 34 5.0. 238 34.8. 301 44.0. 111 16.2. 1.. 18 2.6. 224 32.7. 316 46.2. 126 18.4. 2.. 9 1.3. 131 19.2. 349 51.0. 195 28.5. 15-20. 7. 8. 9. 9. 55.
(68) n=684. 4-7 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 3.. 21 3.1. 206 30.1. 319 46.6. 138 20.2. 4.. 10 1.5. 155 22.7. 340 49.7. 179 26.2. 5.. 10 1.5. 142 20.8. 343 50.1. 189 27.6. 6.. 9 1.3. 124 18.1. 351 51.3. 200 29.2. 7.. 28 4.1. 205 30.0. 308 45.0. 143 20.9. 8.. 54 7.9. 177 25.9. 320 46.8. 133 19.4. 9.. 26 3.8. 193 28.2. 333 48.7. 132 19.3. 1.. 11 1.6. 113 16.5. 336 49.1. 224 32.7. 2.. 7 1.0. 96 14.0. 343 50.1. 238 34.8. 3.. 14 2.0. 103 15.1. 329 48.1. 238 34.8. 4.. 13 1.9. 124 18.1. 334 48.8. 213 31.1. 5.. 12 1.8. 126 18.4. 358 52.3. 188 27.5. 6.. 24 3.5. 172 25.1. 316 46.2. 172 25.1. 7.. 22 3.2. 119 17.4. 320 46.8. 223 32.6. 8.. 46 6.7. 223 32.6. 276 40.4. 139 20.3. 9.. 11 1.6. 142 20.8. 316 46.2. 215 31.4. 9. 56.
(69) 鐶. 鐶. 鐶0. 鐶0. n=684. 4-8. :. 140.30. 22.97. 207. 75. 67.45. 9-36 8-32. 24.22 18.33. 4.46 5.25. 36 32. 11 8. 67.83 57.28. 3 6. 8-32. 21.28. 4.58. 44. 8. 66.50. 5. 9-36. 22.73. 5.67. 36. 9. 63.14. 4. 9-36. 26.28. 5.30. 36. 9. 73.00. 2. 9-36. 27.46. 5.69. 36. 11. 76.28. 1. =鄢. /. 57. 璇*100%.
(70) n=684. 4-9. 9 1.. 2.71. 0.84. 3. 27. 2. 鐶. 4. 5.. 2.69. 0.87. 4. 29. 2.67 2.56 2.69 2.00. 0.89 0.80 0.77 0.72. 7 8 4 9. 34 37 29 50. 2.68. 0.72. 6. 31. 8.. 2.74. 0.95. 2. 25. 9.. 3.48. 0.75. 1. 1. 2.57. 0.86. 1. 36. 2.56. 0.95. 2. 37. 2.41 2.36. 0.91 0.90. 4 5. 42 44. 2.32 2.55. 0.90 0.86. 6 3. 47 39. 1.67 1.89. 0.82 0.90. 8 7. 52 51. 鐶.. 2.79 2.76 2.88. 0.74 0.73 0.72. 2 4 1. 20 24 14. 4.. 2.33. 0.84. 8. 45. 5. 6. 7.. 2.68 2.77 2.43. 0.77 0.81 0.88. 5 3 7. 31 22 40. 6-11 2-4 鐶-5. 6. 7.. 2-鐶 2-鐶. 8 1. 2.. 鐶. 20. 鐶. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 鐶. 8 1. 2.. 15-20 58.
(71) n=684. 4-9. 8.. 2.61. 0.79. 6. 35. 1.. 2.81. 0.76. 1. 18. 2.. 2.77. 0.81. 2. 22. 鐶.. 2.68. 0.81. 4. 31. 4.. 2.39. 0.87. 6. 43. 5.. 2.42. 0.86. 5. 41. 6.. 2.33. 0.84. 7. 45. 7.. 2.30. 0.88. 9. 49. 8.. 2.31. 0.86. 8. 48. 9.. 2.71. 0.79. 3. 27. 1. 2. 鐶.. 2.80 3.07. 0.76 0.73. 8 2. 19 8. 2.84. 0.78. 5. 15. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 3.01 3.04 3.08 2.83 2.78. 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.80 0.85. 4 3 1 6 9. 12 11 7 16 21. 9.. 2.83. 0.76. 6. 16. 9. 9. 9 59.
(72) n=684. 4-9. 1. 2. 鐶.. 3.13 3.19 3.16 3.09. 0.74 0.70 0.75 0.75. 3 1 2 4. 4 2 3 5. 3.06 2.93. 0.73 0.80. 7 8. 10 13. 7.. 3.09. 0.79. 4. 5. 8.. 2.74 3.07. 0.86 0.76. 9 6. 25 8. 4. 5. 6.. 9.. ~. 4-10 鄢%璇 1.. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 232(33.9). 283(41.4). 124(18.1). 55(8.0). 236(34.5). 262(38.3). 131(19.2). 45. 2.. n=684. 6.6. 3.. 6-11. 65(9.5). 224(32.7). 265(38.7). 130(19). 4.. 2-4. 43(6.3). 303(44.3). 248(36.3). 90(13.2). 5.. 3-5. 6.. 2-3. 30(4.4) 150(21.9). 252(36.8) 417(61). 304(44.4) 87(12.7). 98(14.3) 30(4.4). 23(3.4). 252(36.8). 328(48). 81(11.8). 8.. 69(10.1). 214(31.3). 227(33.2). 174(25.4). 9.. 13(1.9). 70(10.2). 175(25.6). 426(62.3). 7.. 2-鐶. 60.
(73) ~. 4-11 n=684 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 60(8.8). 279(40.8). 237(34.6). 108(15.8). 79(11.5). 284(41.5). 178(26). 143(20.9). 3.. 99(14.5). 306(44.7). 176(25.7). 103(15.1). 4.. 107(15.6). 317(46.3). 170(24.9). 90(13.2). 114(16.7). 325(47.5). 157(23). 88(12.9). 6.. 71(10.4). 261(38.2). 258(37.7). 94(13.7). 7.. 352(51.5). 233(34.1). 71(10.4). 28(4.1). 8.. 276(40.4). 251(36.7). 116(17). 41(6). 1. 鐶. 2. 20. 5.. 3. ~. 4-12 n=684. 1. 2.. 19 14. 鄢%璇 2.8 2.0. 3.. 13. 1.9. 4.. 98 14.3. 328. 48.0. 193. 28.2. 65. 9.5. 5.. 39. 232. 33.9. 324. 47.4. 89. 13.0. 6.. 38(5.6). 207. 30.3. 314. 45.9. 125. 18.3. 7.. 98 14.3. 276. 40.4. 228. 33.3. 82. 12.0. 5.7. 鄢%璇 218 31.9 237 34.6. 鄢%璇 338 49.4 329 48.1. 鄢%璇 109 15.9 104 15.2. 180. 26.3. 364. 53.2. 127. 18.6. 15-20 61.
(74) ~. 4-12 n=684. 8.. 4. 鄢%璇 5.8. 鄢%璇 275 40.2. 鄢%璇 279 40.8. 鄢%璇 90 13.2. ~. 4-13 n=684 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 1.. 17. 2.5. 220. 32.2. 321. 46.9. 126. 18.4. 2.. 32. 4.7. 225. 32.9. 295. 43.1. 132. 19.3. 3.. 40. 5.8. 247. 36.1. 289. 42.3. 108. 15.8. 4.. 105. 15.4. 278. 40.6. 227. 33.2. 74. 10.8. 5.. 92. 13.5. 287. 42.0. 231. 33.8. 74. 10.8. 6.. 103. 15.1. 318. 46.5. 200. 29.2. 63. 9.2. 7.. 122. 17.8. 299. 43.7. 196. 28.7. 67. 9.8. 8.. 115. 16.8. 303. 44.3. 203. 29.7. 63. 9.2. 9.. 34. 5.0. 238. 34.8. 301. 44.0. 111. 16.2. 62.
(75) ~. 4-14 n=684. 1.. 鄢%璇 18 2.6. 鄢%璇 224 32.7. 鄢%璇 316 46.2. 鄢%璇 126 18.4. 2.. 9. 1.3. 131. 19.2. 349. 51.0. 195. 28.5. 3.. 21. 3.1. 206. 30.1. 319. 46.6. 138. 20.2. 4.. 10. 1.5. 155. 22.7. 340. 49.7. 179. 26.2. 5.. 10. 1.5. 142. 20.8. 343. 50.1. 189. 27.6. 6.. 9. 1.3. 124. 18.1. 351. 51.3. 200. 29.2. 7.. 28. 4.1. 205. 30.0. 308. 45.0. 143. 20.9. 8.. 54. 7.9. 177. 25.9. 320. 46.8. 133. 19.4. 9.. 26. 3.8. 193. 28.2. 333. 48.7. 132. 19.3. ~. 4-15 n=684 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 1.. 11. 1.6. 113. 2.. 7. 1.0. 96. 3.. 14. 2.0. 103. 4.. 13. 1.9. 5.. 12. 6.. 24. 鄢%璇. 336. 49.1. 224. 32.7. 343. 50.1. 238. 34.8. 15.1. 329. 48.1. 238. 34.8. 124. 18.1. 334. 48.8. 213. 31.1. 1.8. 126. 18.4. 358. 52.3. 188. 27.5. 3.5. 172. 25.1. 316. 46.2. 172. 25.1. 63. 16.5. 鄢%璇. 14.0.
(76) ~. 4-15 n=684 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 鄢%璇. 7.. 22. 3.2. 119. 17.4. 320. 46.8. 223. 32.6. 8.. 46. 6.7. 223. 32.6. 276. 40.4. 139. 20.3. 9.. 11. 1.6. 142. 20.8. 316. 46.2. 215. 31.4. t. 4-11 1.5. Norris,1997. 64.
(77) 4-16 Skewness. Kurtosis. -0.244. -0.384. 0.853 -0.159. 0.526 0.272. -0.085. -0.067. Levene s test of homogeneity Dunnett s T3 30 30-49. 50 -64. 65. 18.5. 18.5-23.9. 27. 65. 24-26.9.
(78) Scheffē’s 17- 23. F=6.146. P=0.000. 50-64. 50-64. 30. 30 F=6.161 P=0.000. F=4.589 P=0.003. F=12.150 P=0.001. F=7.628 P=0.000 50-64. 30. 50-64. 鐶0 66.
(79) F=6.113 P=0.000 65. 50-64. 65. 30 50-64. 30. F=4.361 P=0.005. F=8.551 P=0.000. F=6.153 P=0.000. F=6.229 P=0.000. 65. 65. 50-64. 50-64. 30. F=8.551 P=0.000 65 65. 50-64 50-64. 50-64. 67. 30 30. 30.
(80) 4-17 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 21.18 21.54. 3.60 3.67. 1.419. <鐶0 鐶0-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 19.80 20.89 21.74 21.82. 3.97 3.61 3.52 3.85. 6.749***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 20.95 21.42 21.70 20.98 21.39. 4.33 3.72 3.26 3.66 4.60. 1.120. . 213 400 34. 20.61 21.79 21.08. 3.80 4.80 4.05. 6.161***. . 37. 20.19. 3.85. . 100. 21.29. 3.77. . 584. 21.29. 3.66. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 20.1. 21.29 21.62 21.23. 3.21 3.63 3.62 4.33. 1.690. . 492 192. 21.47 20.83. 3.65 3.70. 4.185*. . 169 77 153. 21.16 21.49 20.99. 3.56 3.19 3.63. 0.608. 68. 0. -. Scheffē’s >. Scheffē’s >. -. non–significant.
(81) 4-17 n=684 n S X 68 21.65 4.17 217 21.43 3.79 1. * P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001 2. a Welch F b Dunnett T3 c Scheffē’s method 3. NS. F. non–significant. 4-18 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 3.51 3.6. 0.70 0.78. 2.171. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 3.38 3.48 3.60 3.60. 0.72 0.75 0.70 0.76. 2.421. . 40 137 172 261 74. 3.55 3.54 3.60 3.49 3.54. 0.82 0.72 0.67 0.74 0.78. 0.597. . 213 400 34 37. 3.46 3.62 3.44 3.27. 0.742 0.70 0.82 0.73. 4.589**. . 100 584. 3.48 3.55. 0.81 0.71. 0.782. <18.5 18.5-23.9. 37 439. 3.35 3.54. 0.72 0.72. 1.367. 69. non–significant.
(82) 4-18 n=684. 1. * P. X 3.60 3.46. S 0.75 0.76. F. 24-26.9 27. n 152 56. . 492 192. 3.60 3.39. 0.71 0.76. 12.150 **. . 169 77 153 68 217. 3.57 3..60 3.54 3.46 3.53. 0.71 0.71 0.74 0.87 0.71. 0.431. 0.05. ** P. 0.01. *** P. 2. a b 3. NS. 0.001. Welch Dunnett T3. c. non–significant. F. Scheffē’s method. non–significant. 4-19 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 3.58 3.71. 0.74 0.80. 4.487 a *. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 3.28 3.52 3.72 3.75. 0.84 0.77 0.69 0.83. 7.628***. Dunnett T3 . . 40 137 172 261 74. 3.66 3.68 3.70 3.53 3.64. 0.78 0.80 0.63 0.80 0.80. 4.237***. non–significant. 70.
(83) 4-19 n=684. . n 213 400 34 37. X 3.51 3.69 3.60 3.51. S 0.80 0.74 0.79 0.69. F 2.805*. . 100 584. 3.62 3.62. 0.78 0.76. 0.001. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 3.41 3.62 3.70 3.55. 0.69 0.75 0.77 0.83. 1.760. . 492 192. 3.64 3.57. 0.75 0.79. 1.192. 0.72 0.73 0.79 0.86 0.75. 0.065. 1. * P 0.05 2. a. 169 3.61 77 3.62 153 3.64 68 3.63 217 3.60 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001 Welch. b Dunnett T3 3. NS non–significant. c. F. Scheffē’s method. 4-20 n=684 n . 469 215. X 3.85 3.90 71. S. F. 0.79 0.71. 0.547a. non–significant.
(84) 4-20 n=684 n. X. S. F. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 3.54 3.78 3.95 4.03. 0.95 0.76 0.70 0.73. 6.113 a***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 3.75 3.94 3.93 3.80 3.89. 0.87 0.78 0.68 0.79 0.77. 1.375 a. . 213 400 34 37. 3.70 3.97 3.85 3.68. 0.81 0.71 0.81 0.78. 6.412 a***. . 100 584. 3.82 3.88. 0.76 0.77. 0.442. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 3.68 3.86 3.93 3.86. 0.78 0.77 0.73 0.80. 1.178. . 492 192. 3.87 3.85. 0.76 0.77. 0.148. . 169 77 153 68 217. 3.85 3.91 3.83 3.93 3.88. 0.73 0.63 0.79 0.85 0.79. 0.288. 72. Dunnett T3 . Dunnett T3 -.
(85) 1. * P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001 2. a Welch F b Dunnett T3 c Scheffē’s method 3. NS non–significant. 4-21 n=684 n. X. S. F 0.199. . 469. 3.44. 0.78. 215. 3.41. 0.84. <30. 65 220 326. 3.25 3.41 3.49. 0.83 0.76 0.81. 73. 3.41. 0.85. 40 137. 3.30 3.43. 0.94 0.78. 172 261 74. 3.55 3.38 3.45. 0.77 0.79 0.88. . 213. 3.35. 0.81. 400 34 37. 3.52 3.38 3.11. 0.78 0.88 0.88. . 100 584. 3.49 3.42. 0.84 0.80. 0.565. <18.5 18.5-23.9. 37 439 152. 3.27 3.44 3.47. 0.69 0.80 0.83. 0.603. 30-49 50-64 65 . 24-26.9. 73. 1.889. 1.570. 4.361***. non–signi ficant.
(86) 4-21 n=684 n. S. 27. 56. X 3.45. . 492. 3.47. 0.78. 192. 3.33. 0.86. . 169 77. 3.45 3.47. 0.80 0.72. 0.85. F. 3.884 a *. 0.408. 153 3.38 0.82 68 3.51 0.78 217 3.42 0.83 1. * P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001 2. a Welch F b Dunnett T3 c Scheffē’s method 3. NS non–significant. 4-22 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 3.30 3.38. 0.79 0.82. 1.355. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 3.02 3.20 3.44 3.51. 0.96 0.79 0.74 0.78. 8.551***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 3.30 3.36 3.41 3.28 3.28. 0.94 0.81 0.71 0.81 0.87. 0.775. 74. Scheffē’s .
(87) 4-22 n=684 n. X. S. F. 6.153***. . 213. 3.15. 0.88. . 400 34 37. 3.44 3.28 3.27. 0.73 0.94 0.73. . 100 584. 3.33 3.33. 0.81 0.80. 0. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 3.11 3.32 3.36 3.45. 0.70 0.81 0.72 0.95. 1.608. . 492 192. 3.31 3.39. 0.79 0.81. 1.337. . 169. 3.22. 0.79. 6.229***. 77 3.32 0.68 153 3.14 0.80 68 3.53 0.80 217 3.48 0.80 1. * P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001 2. a Welch F b Dunnett T3 c Scheffē’s method 3. NS non–significant. 75. Scheffē’s . Scheffē’s .
(88) 4-23 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 3.49 3.53. 0.74 0.76. 0.520. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 3.34 3.50 3.54 3.52. 0.83 0.73 0.74 0.77. 1.332. . 40 137 172 261 74. 3.45 3.47 3.51 3.51 3.59. 0.78 0.82 0.70 0.71 0.84. 0.405. . 213 400 34 37. 3.44 3.55 3.54 3.35. 0.79 0.73 0.76 0.72. 1.658. . 100 584. 3.55 3.50. 0.77 0.75. 0.434. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 3.30 3.51 3.55 3.46. 0.57 0.74 0.74 0.89. 1.843a. . 492. 3.58. 0.73. 17.963** *. . 192. 3.31. 0.76. . 169 77 153 68 217. 3.46 3.57 3.46 3.59 3.520.78. 0.73 0.66 0.75 0.78. 76. 0.629.
(89) 1. * P 0.05 2. 3.. ** P 0.01. *** P 0.001. a b Dunnett T3 NS non–significant. c. Welch F Scheffē’s method. Scheffē’s 24- 28. F=11.717 P=0.000 50-64. 30-49. 65. 30. 65. 50-64 Pender, et al 1990. 30-49 6. 鐶0 589 1997. 500. 65 2002. 77.
(90) F=6.558 P=0.000. ~ F=12.527a P=0.000. F=7.574a P=0.000 65. Dunnett T3. 50-64. 30-49. 30. ~ F=10.20 P=0.000. F=5.366 P=0.001 65. 50-64. 30-49. 30. 30-49. 30. ~ F=3.496 P=0.008. ~ F=9.522 P=0.000. F=5.965 P=0.001 65 78. 50-64.
(91) 65. 4-24 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 66.86 68.81. 15.26 15.78. 2.360. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 61.74 64.22 69.63 72.74. 15.46 14.70 15.19 15.50. 11.717***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 63.38 68.28 68.88 66.20 69.39. 15.53 15.31 15.15 15.56 15.54. 1.894. . 213. 63.86. 15.19. 6.558***. . 400 34 37. 69.41 69.54 65.38. 15.62 13.05 13.83. . 100 584. 64.74. 15.22. 3.676. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 63.59 68.13 67.09 65.89. 15.79 15.21 16.18 14.88. 1.270. 79. Scheffē’s >>>. Scheffē’s >.
(92) 4-24 n=684 n. 3.. F. . 492 192. 66.97 68.74. 15.43 15.45. 1.818. . 169 77 153 68 217. 66.92 67.53 65.01 67.04 69.74. 15.28 15.11 14.51 14.93 16.29. 2.224. 1. * P 0.05 2.. S. X. ** P 0.01. *** P 0.001. a b Dunnett T3 NS non–significant. c. Welch F Scheffē’s method. ~. 4-25 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 15.53 16.11. 3.87 4.04. 3.273. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 14.28 14.75 16.37 16.96. 4.19 4.10 3.55 3.85. 12.527a***. Scheffē’s >>>. . 40. 14.70. 4.29. 2.558*. non–significan t. . 137 172 261 74. 16.00 15.84 15.36 16.68. 3.59 3.90 4.04 3.87. . 213 400 鐶4 鐶7. 14.65 16.25 16.33 15.38. 4.22 3.78 3.29 3.20. 7.574 a***. Scheffē’s >. 80. -.
(93) ~. 4-25 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 100 584. 14.97 15.84. 4.14 3.89. 4.173*. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 15.27 15.94 15.39 15.09. 3.83 3.85 4.08 4.15. 1.456. . 492 192. 15.55 16.13. 3.96 3.84. 2.974. . 169 77 153 68 217. 15.24 15.94 15.31 15.66 16.29. 3.93 3.51 3.99 3.80 4.02. 2.249. 1. * P 0.05. ** P 0.01. 2. a b Dunnett T3 3. NS non–significant. -. *** P 0.001. Welch F c Scheffē’s method. ~. 4-26 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 18.15 19.32. 5.74 5.78. 6.087*. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 16.18 17.53 19.24 20.34. 5.99 5.28 5.82 5.78. 10.20***. 81. Scheffē’s >>>.
(94) ~. 4-26 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 40 137 172 261 74. 17.63 19.00 18.57 18.42 18.31. 5.75 5.58 5.56 5.86 6.36. 0.523. . 213 400 34 37. 17.27 19.16 19.28 17.97. 5.68 5.74 5.89 5.58. 5.366**. . 100 584. 17.92 18.62. 5.71 5.78. 1.242. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 16.97 18.78 18.36 17.89. 6.40 5.58 6.06 5.99. 1.443. . 492 192. 18.35 18.94. 5.65 6.09. 1.432. . 169 77 153 68 217. 18.36 18.25 17.89 18.09 19.30. 5.76 6.06 5.23 5.90 5.97. 1.633. 1. * P 0.05. ** P 0.01. *** P 0.001. 2. a Welch F b Dunnett T3 c Scheffē’s method 3. NS non–significant. 82. Scheffē’s >.
(95) ~. 4-27 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 19.37 19.35. 4.80 4.76. 0.003. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 18.62 18.75 19.68 20.45. 4.78 4.69 4.79 4.82. 3.542*. non–significant. . 40 137 172 261 74. 17.90 19.28 20.26 18.87 19.96. 4.87 4.78 4.42 4.85 4.99. 3.496**. non–significant. . 213 400 34 37. 18.86 19.71 19.31 18.57. 4.81 4.79 4.71 4.48. 1.846. . 100 584. 18.52 19.51. 4.81 4.77. 3.638. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 18.54 19.44 19.45 19.07. 4.77 4.85 4.58 4.83. 0.487. . 492 192. 19.35 19.40. 4.63 5.18. 0.017. . 169 77. 19.44 19.62. 4.69 4.31. 1.733. 83.
(96) ~. 4-27 n=684 ~ n 153 68 217. . 1. * P 0.05 ** P 0.01 2. a b Dunnett T3 c 3. NS non–significant. X 18.51 19.41 19.79. S 4.44 4.58 5.25. F. *** P 0.001 Welch F Scheffē’s method. ~. 4-28 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 1鐶.81 14鐶.0. 鐶.58 鐶.68. 0.5鐶7. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 12.66 13.20 14.34 14.99. 3.87 3.51 3.59 3.13. 9.522***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 13.15 14.01 14.21 13.56 13.88. 3.16 3.69 3.73 3.60 3.61. 1.799. . 213 400 34 37. 13.08 14.28 14.62 13.46. 3.56 3.67 2.95 3.14. 5.965***. . 100 584. 13.33 13.98. 3.49 3.62. 2.755. <18.5 18.5-23.9. 37 439. 12.81 13.97. 4.12 3.53. 1.187. 84. Scheffē’s >>>. Scheffē’s >.
(97) ~. 4-28 n=684 24-26.9 27. 152 56. 13.89 13.84. 3.72 3.59. . 492 192. 13.73 14.28. 3.63 3.53. 3.257. . 169 77 153 68 217. 13.88 13.73 13.30 13.88 14.35. 3.78 3.44 3.46 3.39 3.67. 1.968. 1. * P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001 2. a Welch F b Dunnett T3 c Scheffē’s method 3. NS non–significant. Scheffē’s. 2005 410 1993. Johnson Rather 20-64 29- 35 85. Bottoff. Hayduk.
(98) F=0.029 P=0.866. F=0.470. F=3.147a P=0.077. P=0.493. F=0.009 P=0.925 F=0.703. F=0.138 P=0.711 F=2.638 P=0.105. P=0.402. F=11.771 P=0.000 65 30. 65. 50-64. 30-49. 50-64. 30-49. 30 F=11.957 P=0.000 P= 0.000. F=4.817. P=0.000. F=1.030 P=0.379. F=12.865. P=0.003. F=7.783 F=7.448 P=0.000. 65 50-64. 30-49. 30. 65. F=2.227 86. P=0.065.
(99) F=2.104 P=0.079 P= P=0.210 P=0.075. F=1468. F=0.988 P=0.413. F=2.132. F=1.209 P=0.306. F=3.340. P= 0.010. F=5.926 P=0.001. F=6.985 P=0.000 P=0.000. F=0.512 P=0.674 F=2.324 P=0.074. F=6.095 F=2.763 P=0.041. F=6.556 P= 0.000. 87.
(100) F=4.643 P=0.032. F=7.177 P=0.008 P=0.193. F=0.000 P=0.982 F=2.818 P=0.094. F=1.701 F=4.860 P=0.028. F=2.720 P= 0.100. F=1.043 P=0.373 F=2.003 P=0.112 P=0.666. F=1.428 P=0.233 F=0.416 P=0.742. F=0.523 F=0.225 P=0.879. F=2.201 P= 0.087. 88.
(101) F=2.665 P=0.103 F=4.099 P=0.043 P=0.139. F=0.253 P=0.615 F=0.092 P=0.762. F=2.196 F=5.325 P=0.021. F=1.484 P= 0.224. F=2.548 P=0.038. F=2.112 P=0.078 P=0.063. F=2.188 P=0.069 F=3.338 P=0.010. F=2.240 F=1.344 P=0.252. F=0.700 P= 0.592. 89.
(102) 65. 4-29 n=684 n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 140.20 140.52. 22.37 24.28. 0.029. <30. 65. 132.06. 21.02. 11.314***. 30-49 50-64 65. 220 326. 135.71 143.31. 22.74 22.99. 73. 149.10. 23.63. . 40. 141.6. 21.40. 137 172 261 74. 143.86 142.77 137.59 137.93. 25.94 21.67 22.44 24.93. 213 400. 135.35 143.49. 22.12 24.10. . 34 37. 137. 69 137.03. 18.60 20.13. . 100. 135.74. 21.41. . 584. 141.22. 23.54. <18.5. 37. 133.84. 23.76. . . 90. Scheffē’s >>>. 2.403*. non– significant. 6.074***. 4.743*. 1.054. Scheffē’s >.
(103) 4-29 n=684 n 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 439 152 56. X 140.85 140.88 140.18. . 492 192. 139.49 142.80. 1. * P 0.05. 21.98 26.05 25.26. 23.17 23.56. 169 77 153. 141.14 138.40 136.34. 22.76 22.26 22.54. 68 217. 139.07 143.87. 24.42 23.92. ** P 0.01. 2. a b Dunnett T3 3. NS non–significant. S. F. 2.799. 2.627*. non– significant. *** P 0.001. Welch F c Scheffē’s method. 4-30 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 24.30 24.77. 4.31 1.69. 0.470. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 22.45 23.27 24.94 25.42. 4.36 4.33 4.25 4.89. 11.957***. . 40 137 172. 24.68 24.84 24.51. 4.53 4.54 4.30. 2.104. 91. Scheffē’s >>>.
(104) 4-30 n=684 ~ n . 261 74. 23.89 23.30. . 213 400 34 37. 23.12 24.84 24.09 23.95. 3.. S. F. 4.42 4.63 4.21 4.50 4.15 4.55. 7.181***. . 100 584. 23.12 24.41. 4.49 4.43. 7.177**. 18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 23.03 24.50 23.93 23.63. 4.96 4.32 4.69 4.44. 2.003. . 492 192. 24.00 24.77. 4.39 4.61. 4.099*. . 169 77 153 68 217. 23.91 23.82 23.84 24.01 24.94. 4.47 4.33 4.61 4.69 4.27. 2.112*. 1. * P 0.05 2.. X. ** P 0.01. a b Dunnett T3 NS non–significant. *** P 0.001 c. Welch F Scheffē’s method. 92. Scheffē’s >. non– significant.
(105) 4-31 n=684 ~ n. X. 鄢. 璇. S. F. . 469 215. 18.08 18.87. 5.08 5.56. 3.147a. 30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 16.34 17.15 19.12 20.15. 4.97 5.16 5.07 5.29. 12.865***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 19.38 18.96 18.03 18.27 17.53. 4.68 5.25 5.04 5.37 5.48. 1.468. . 213 400 34 37. 17.08 18.94 19.00 18.38. 5.15 5.21 5.22 5.10. 6.096***. . 100 584. 17.70 18.44. 5.36 5.22. 1.701. 18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 17.49 18.48 18.20 18.05. 5.56 5.18 5.40 5.21. 0.523. . 492 192. 18.15 18.81. 5.24 5.24. 2.196. . 169 77 153 68 217. 17.88 18.21 17.78 18.09 19.19. 5.10 4.91 5.38 5.00 5.25. 2.240. 93. Scheffē’s >>>. Scheffē’s >. non– significant.
(106) 1. * P 0.05. ** P 0.01. 2.. a b Dunnett T3 3. NS non–significant. *** P 0.001 Welch F c Scheffē’s method. 4-32 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 22.75 22.70. 5.57 5.91. 0.009. 30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 20.66 21.90 23.38 24.22. 5.50 5.54 5.49 6.23. 7. 783***. . 40 137 172 261 74. 22.55 23.38 23.44 22.20 21.87. 5.23 5.86 5.48 5.49 6.41. 2.132. . 213 400 34 37. 21.81 23.19 22.82 22.97. 5.71 5.67 5.86 4.87. 2.792*. . 100 584. 21.58 22.93. 5.75 5.64. 4.860*. 18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 22.49 22.68 22.74 23.30. 5.68 5.54 5.93 6.08. 0.225. . 492 192. 22.42 23.53. 5.67 5.61. 5.325*. 94. Scheffē’s >>>. Scheffē’s >.
(107) 4-32 n=684 ~ n 169 77 153 68 217. 1. * P 0.05. ** P 0.01. 2. a b Dunnett T3 3. NS non–significant. S. F. 5.60 5.22 5.45 5.88 5.95. 1.344. X 22.80 22.58 21.90 22.88 23.27. non– significant. *** P 0.001. Welch F c Scheffē’s method. 4-33 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 21.24 21.38. 4.48 4.81. 0.138. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 20.66 20.59 21.56 22.68. 4.78 4.40 4.54 4.74. 4. 817**. . 40 137 172 261 74. 21.30 21.68 21.63 20.97 20.84. 5.15 4.93 4.00 4.60 4.74. 0.988. . 213 400 34 37. 21.09 21.46 20.71 20.95. 4.50 4.67 4.47 4.24. 0.566. . 100 584. 21.29 21.28. 4.25 4.64. 0.000. 95. Scheffē’s >.
(108) 4-33 n=684 ~ n. 3.. S. F. <18.5 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 19.86 21.40 21.15 21.63. 4.18 4.35 4.96 5.40. 1.428. . 492 192. 21.23 21.42. 4.57 4.61. 1. 253. . 169 77 153 68. 21.51 20.74 20.71 20.71. 4.38 4.38 4.22 4.40. 2.188. 217. 21.88. 5.02. 1. * P 0.05 2.. X. ** P 0.01. *** P 0.001. a b Dunnett T3 NS non–significant. c. Welch F Scheffē’s method. 4-34 n=684 ~ n. X. S. F. . 469 215. 26.50 25.80. 5.23 5.41. 2.638. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 26.00 26.01 26.25 27.26. 5.17 5.17 5.52 5.24. 1.030. . 40 137 172. 26.18 26.47 26.74. 5.71 5.51 4.97. 1.209. 96.
(109) 4-34 n=684 ~ . n 261 74. . 213 400 34 37. 26.01 26.65 25.59 24.54. 5.05 5.47 5.27 4.40. 2.355. . 100 584. 25.46 26.42. 5.19 5.31. 2.818. <18.4 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 25.35 26.30 26.40 26.40. 4.93 5.29 5.53 4.99. 0.416. . 492 192. 26.32 26.18. 5.21 5.52. 0.092. . 169 77 153 68 217. 27.20 25.64 25.20 26.26 26.56. 5.00 5.40 5.08 5.45 5.47. 3.338*. 1. * P 0.05 2. 3.. ** P 0.01. F. 25.75 26.78. S 5.32 5.29. X. *** P 0.001. a b Dunnett T3 NS non–significant. c. Welch F Scheffē’s method. 4-35 n=684 ~ n. X 97. S. F. non– significant.
(110) 4-35 n=684 ~ . n 469 215. X 27.42 27.91. S 6.00 6.51. F 0.946. <30 30-49 50-64 65. 65 220 326 73. 25.68 26.80 28.07 29.36. 5.75 6.49 6.06 5.29. 6.089***. Scheffē’s >. . 40 137 172 261 74. 27.53 28.53 28.41 26.51 27.62. 5.89 7.57 5.43 5.76 5.97. 3.627**. non– significant. . 213 400 34 37. 26.23 28.41 27.56 26.24. 5.73 6.42 5.25 4.94. 6.574***. Scheffē’s >. . 100 584. 26.59 27.74. 5.21 6.30. 2.988. <18.4 18.5-23.9 24-26.9 27. 37 439 152 56. 25.62 27.48 28.45 27.18. 6.02 6.00 6.57 6.17. 2.393. . 492 192. 27.37 28.09. 5.97 6.62. 1.869. . 169 77 153 68 217. 27.84 27.42 26.91 27.12 28.03. 6.47 5.79 5.70 5.92 6.43. 0.930. 1. * P 0.05. ** P 0.01. *** P 0.001 98.
(111) 2. 3.. a b Dunnett T3 NS non–significant. c. Welch F Scheffē’s method. 4-鐶6 r=0.282 p 0.01. r=0.400 p 0.01. r=0.460 p 0.01. r=0.327 p 0.01. r=0.352 p 0.01. r=0.486 p 0.01. r=0.523 p 0.01 20-59. 1992 2006. 382. 99.
(112) 4-36 n=684. 0.282**. 0.400**. ** P 0.01. 0.460**. 0.327**. 0.352**. 0.486**. 0.523**. 0.01. 4-鐶6 r=0.282 p 0.01 p 0.01. r=0.460 p 0.01. 0.01. r=0.352 p 0.01. p 0.01. r=0.400 r=0.327 p r=0.486. r=0.523 p 0.01 1998. 659 11鐶. 100. 2004.
(113) 4-37 n=684. 0.752**. 0.661**. 0.572**. 0.660**. 0.662**. 0.492**. 0.390**. 0.540**. 0.368**. 0.407**. 0.586**. 0.716**. 0.426**. 0.344**. 0.439**. 0.514**. 0.433**. 0.408**. 0.406**. 0.525**. 0.592**. 0.499**. 0.418**. 0.602**. 0.480**. 0.554**. 0.436**. 0.359**. 0.587**. 0.505**. 0.601**. 0.473**. 0.417**. 0.609**. 0.552**. ** P 0.01. dummy variable. 101.
(114) 4-鐶8. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. -. -. -. 1. 1 0 0 0. 0 1 0 0. 0 0 0 1. -. 1 1. 鐶0 鐶0-49. 1. 65. _ _ _. 1 0 0. 0 1 0. 0 0 1. 0 0 0. 1 1 1. _ _ _ _. 0 0 1 0. 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0. 0 1 -. 1 1. _ _ _. 0 0 1 1. 0 1 0 0. 1 0 0. 0 -. 1 1 1 1. _ _. 0 0 0 1 1 0. 0 0 1 0 1. 0 1 0 0 0. 0 0 0. 1 1 1 1 1. _ _. 0 0. 0 0. 1 0. 0 1. 1 1. _. 0. 0. 0. 0. _鐶0 _鐶0-49 _50-64 65. BMI_18.4 BMI _18.5-2鐶.9 BMI _24-26.9 BMI_27 _. BMI. 102. 0 0. 鐶0 鐶0-49. 0. 65. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 18.4 24-26.9 0 27 0. 24-26.9 27 0. 0 0 0 0. 18.4.
(115) Tolerance Variance Inflation Factor,VIF 0. 10. Tolerance. 0-1. .483. 4-39. 2.070. 4-39 Dummy Variable. 4-38 TOL VIF. 0-1 0. 10. 4-39 λ Tolerance 鄢. 璇. _ _鐶0 _鐶0 _65. 49 _ _ _ _. _ _ _. 鄢CI璇. VIF 6.274. 1.000. .668 .672. 1.498 1.489. 1.941 1.311. 1.798 2.188. .805 .565. 1.243 1.771. 1.181. 2.305. .553 .766 .818 .728 .735. 1.809 1.306 1.223 1.374 1.360. 1.098 1.065 1.060 1.029 .969. 2.390 2.428 2.433 2.470 2.544. .804 .499 .858 .880. 1.243 2.005 1.165 1.137. .923 .864 .782 .702. 2.608 2.694 2.832 2.990. 103.
(116) 4-39 λ Tolerance _ _ _ _ BMI_18.4 BMI_24 26.9 BMI_27 _ ~. 鄢CI璇. VIF. .591 .774 .588. 1.693 1.292 1.701. .631 .586 .466. 3.153 鐶.272 鐶.670. .703. 1.422. .435. 3.796. .931 .870 .890 .786. 1.075 1.149 1.124 1.273. .269 .204 .178 .022. 4.834 5.542 5.932 17.040. .790. 1.266. .012. 22.958. 4-40. 59.2% R2. 59.1%. F=493.715 P 0.001. β=0.662 β=0.175. 11鐶. 2004 1995. 197. 2008. 104. 209.
(117) 4-40 t β. 鄢. 璇. * P 0.05. 50.658 .984 1.092 ** P 0.01. R. R2. F. 0.769a. 0.592. 493.715***. β. .662. 14.841*** 22.851***. .000 .000. .175. 6.031***. .000. *** P 0.001. 4-41. n=684 103 36 51 50 53 131 81 85 77 79 122 69 105. 105. 15 5.2 7.4 7.3 7.7 19.1 11.8 12.4 11.2 11.5 17.8 10.1 15.3.
(118) :. 68.6% 49.95. 64.2%. 鐶1.7%. 57.5% 16.18-鐶5.57. 85.4% 22.73. 16-83. 30.2%. 28.1%. 50-64 30. 106.
(119) Palank 1991. 107.
(120) 59.2%. :. 108.
(121) 109.
(122) 110.
(123) 鄢1988璇. 鄢 璇. 15 1. 16-26. -. 2011. 1988 14 4. 20-60 391-405. 鄢1996璇. 鄢1992璇. 19 3. 251-266 1997. -. 5 4 2000. 4 2. 321-329 215-222. -. 2010. 111.
(124) 2004. 鄢1994璇 5. 13. 381-387 99. 2011. -. ~. 2012. 2011. 06 15 http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/bhpnet/portal/PressShow.aspx?No=2007122 50124 -. 1992. 2 7. 。. 8-12. 鄢1999璇. 60 20-31 (2001璇 18 2. 2005. 鄢 璇. 112. 147-158.
(125) -. 2003. -. (2006) 48 1-17 2008. 19.. -. 2005. 2007. 11 5. 556-563 鄢1997璇 8 3. 52-65. 1999 6 43 67 1992. -. 2003 113.
(126) 2009. 1996 12 9. 529 ~ 537. 1991 18 1. 55-62 1998. 33 77-99. 2001 3 4. 358-364 鄢1997璇 8 1. 14-24. 鄢1998璇 6 1. 31-43 鄢. 2006 2003. 璇 (I) SF-36 22 6. (2005) 114. 501-511.
(127) 12 1. 21-32. 2011. -. 2002. Bandura, A. (1977). “Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavior Change.” Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. Badura, B. (1984). Life-style and health: Some remarks on different viewpoints. Social Science and Medicine, 19(4), 341-347. Becker, H., Stuifbergen, A., Oh, H. S., & Hall, S., (1993). Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices: A health self-efficacy measure. Health Values, 17 (5), 42-50. Bottorff, J.L., Johnson, J.L., Ratner, P.A., & Hayduk, L.A. (1996). The effects ofcognitive-perceptual factors on health promotion behavior maintenance. Nursing Research, 45(1),30-36. Coleman,＆ Iso-Ahola. (1993). Leisure based social support, leisure dispositionsand health. Journal of Leisure Research, 25(4), 350-361. Dever, G.E.Alan(1976). An epidemiological model for health policy .social indicators Research, 2,543-466 Feldman, S. D. , & Thielbar, G. W. (1975). Lifestyles: Diversity in american society, (eds.), 2nd ed. Boston:Little Brown & Co. Felton, G. M., Parsons, M. A., & Bartoces, M. G. (1997), Demographic effects 115.
(128) on health-promotion behavior and health related factors, Public Health Nursing, 14(6), 361-367. Garcia, T. (1995). The role of motivational strategies in self-regulated learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 63, 29-42. Gould, S. J. (1990). Health consciousness and health behavior: the application of a new health consciousness scale. Gillis, A. J. (1 993). Determinants of health promoting lifestyles: An integrative review.Journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 18, 345-353. Heidrich, S. M. (1998). Health promotion in old age. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 16, 173-195. Kasl, S.V. & Cobb, S.(1966). Health behavior,illness behavior,and sick role behavior. Archives of Envioronmental Health,12(2), 246-266. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30 (3),607-610. Linda, G. H., Rowaida, M. A., & Mary, G. U. (1999). Health promotion behaviors among Jordanians. Internal Quarterly of Community Health Education, 18(2), 223-235. Marry E. Duffy. (1993). Determinants of Health-Promoting Lifestyles in Older Persons. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,25(1),23-28. O’Donnell MP (1986). Definiyion of health promotion. American Journal of Heaith Promotion 1(1): 4-5. Palank, G. L. (1991). Determinants of health-promotive behavior. A review of current. Nursing Clinics of North America, 26(4), 815-832. Pender, N. J. (1987). Health Promotion In Nursing Practice. East Norwalk: Appleton & Lange. Pender N.J.,Walker S.N.,Sechrist K.R.& Frank-Stromberg M.F.（1990） 116.
(129) Predicting Health-promoting Lifestyle in the Workplace,Nursing Research,39（6）,326-332. Rudy,F.(1989).The relationship of health belief to exercise particitpation in an elderly population aged 65 years and olders.U.M.I. Dissertation services(order no.9006696). Shultz, George. 1984. “Preventing the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.” Department of state bulletin 84: 17-21. Strecher, V. J., DeVellis, B. M., Becker, M. H. & Rosenstock, I. M. (1986), The role of self-efficacy in achieving health behavior change, Health Education Quarterly, 13(1), 73-92. Walker, S. N., Sechrist, K. R., & Pender, N. J. (1987) .The health-promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research, 36(2), 76-81. Walker, S. N., Sechrist, K. R., & Pender, N. J. (1995). The form of permission to use Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. . University of Nebraska. Medical Center. Walker, S. N., Volkan, K., Sechrist, K. R., ＆ Pender, N. J. (1988). Health-promotion lifestyle of older adults：Comparisons with young and middle-aged adults, correlated and patterns. Advances in Nursing Science, 11(1), 76-90。 Weitzel, M. H.， & Waller, P. R. (1 990). Predictive factors for healthpromotive behaviors in white hispanic and black blue-color workers. Family and Community Health, 13(1), 2334.. 117.
(130) 118.
(131) 101. 鐶. 1 2 鐶. 0% 1-鐶5% 鐶6-75%. 4. 76-100% !. 119.
(132) 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. 2. 鐶.. 6-11 1/4 璇. 50 鄢25. 1. 4.. 2-4. 5.. 鐶-5. 1/4 璇. 2/鐶 6.. 鄢鐶0. 1. 100. 2-鐶 240c .c 鐶 鄢25. 7.. 4. 鄢鐶0. 璇. 璇. 2-鐶 260C.C.. 1. 55. 鐶5 5. 8. 或2. 7. 10. 7. 8. 9.. 1. 2.. 鐶. 20. 鐶.. 鐶0-40 120.
(133) 5 4. 5.. 鐶 20. 6. 7. 8.. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 5. 6. 7.. 15-20. 8.. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 121.
(134) 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.. 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 122.
(135) !! 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 5. 1. 1. 2. 鄢鐶. 鄢4. 5. 1. 2. 鄢鐶. 鄢4. 5. 1. 2. 鄢鐶. 鄢4. 5. 1. 2. 鄢鐶. 鄢4. 5. 1. 2. 鄢鐶. 鄢4. 5. 1. 2. 鄢鐶. 鄢4. 5. 2.. 鐶.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 123.
(136) 0 1 2 鐶 4. 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%. 0% 1. 2. 鐶. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1鐶. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 124. 25%. 50%. 75%. 100 %.
(137) 19.. 鐶. 鐶0. 20. 21. 22. 2鐶. 24. 25.. 1. 2. 鐶.. 1. 2 1. 4. 2. 5. 鐶. 6. 7. 4. 1 2 鐶. . . . 4. 5.. . . 5 1. 4. . 2. 鐶. 5. 6.. 1. 2. 4. 鐶. 5. 7. 8.. 1 . . 2 . 10. 125. . .
(138) 126.
(139) 127.
(140) 128.
(141) 129.
(142)
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The purposes of this research are to find the factors of raising pets and to study whether the gender, age, identity, marital status, children status, educational level and
identify different types of tourist attractions and examine the factors affecting the development of tourism in these places;.4. recognize factors affecting tourist flows and the
