「臺灣地區新職業聲望與社經地位量表」之建構與評估：社會科學與教育社會學研究本土化

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ඒߛઔߒႃע

ร؄Լ԰ᙀร؄ཚʳ 2003 ڣ 12 ִʳ ଄ 1-31

ȶᇃᢊӴୢཱིᙛཾᖐఖᇄޥငӴ՝໔ߒȷ ȶᇃᢊӴୢཱིᙛཾᖐఖᇄޥငӴ՝໔ߒȷ ȶᇃᢊӴୢཱིᙛཾᖐఖᇄޥငӴ՝໔ߒȷ ȶᇃᢊӴୢཱིᙛཾᖐఖᇄޥငӴ՝໔ߒȷ!!!!

Ϟ࡚ᄺᇄຟեȈ Ϟ࡚ᄺᇄຟեȈ Ϟ࡚ᄺᇄຟեȈ Ϟ࡚ᄺᇄຟեȈ!!!!

ޥོऋᏰᇄఀىޥོᏰंـҏπϽ ޥོऋᏰᇄఀىޥོᏰंـҏπϽ ޥོऋᏰᇄఀىޥོᏰंـҏπϽ ޥོऋᏰᇄఀىޥོᏰंـҏπϽ

ก ᇌ ӡ ဢ ! ࡌ

ψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔۖ੡๺ڍᓳ਷Δፖඒߛषᄎ ᖂઔߒࢬආشΔྥۖ،ഗءՂս᥆࣍ټؾ֡৫ΔڇሎشՂ༉࠹ࠩૻࠫΖءઔߒঞ ڇڼᄅ։ᣊਮዌՂΔ৬ዌྒྷၦለาᒯऱψፕ᨜چ೴ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ωΔ אܓ࣍ၞԫޡऱอૠ։࣫Ζۖءઔߒࢬ৬ዌऱᄅၦ।Ղٺ៭ᄐ൓։ऱ೏܅Δլ܀

઎ࠐٽ෻ΔՈፖ๺ڍࠡהၦ।᧩൓ৰԫીΔࠀࠠڶߜړऱ৬ዌய৫Ζۖ׊٣ছ๺

ڍഏփऱᜢඨၦ।Δࢬေࡳऱ៭ᄐᜢඨࠀլ౨ො።ࢬڶऱ៭ᄐΔۖءઔߒᄅᜢඨ ፖषᆖچۯၦ।Δຟ౨ො።ࢬڶ៭ᄐΔץਔ๺ڍءՒࢬൄߠऱ௽௘៭ᄐΔຍՈਢ ᄅၦ।ऱᚌរΖ

ᜢᗖӷǺ௲ػޗ཮Ꮲࣴزǵཥᙍ཰ϩᜪǵཥᙍ཰ໆ߄

ҁЎբޣࣁࣁ୯ҥᆵܿεᏢ௲ػࣴز܌௲௤

ႝηແҹࣁǺ[email protected]

׫ዺВයǺ2003 ԃ 6 Д 6 Вǹ௦ҔВයǺ2003 ԃ 10 Д 10 В

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Bulletin of Educational Research December, 2003, Vol. 49 No. 4 pp. 1-31

The Construction and Assessment of the “New Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Scores for Taiwan”: The Indigenization of the Social Science and

Sociology of Education Research!!!!

Yih-Jyh Hwang A b s t r a c t

The New Occupational Classification for Social Change Survey is a useful tool for conducting surveys and has been adopted by many researchers in the field of Sociology of Education. However, since the classificatory system of the NOCSCS is essentially nominal, it restricts statistical analysis. This research has led to the development of a refined version of the NOCSCS which I call the New Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Scores for Taiwan, to allow for a greater range of statistical analysis. The new scores are quite reason- able and have good construct validity. As far as occupational prestige is concerned, many of the previous prestige scores for Taiwan do not include all occupations. In contrast, the new prestige and socioeconomic scores cover all occupations, including many of Taiwan’s spe- cial indigenous occupations. This is a unique advantage of the New Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Scores for Taiwan.

Keywords: sociology of education research, new occupational classification, new occupational scores

Professor, Graduate Institute of Education, National Taitung University E-mail: [email protected]

Manuscript received: Jun. 6, 2003; Accepted: Oct. 10, 2003

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ಥă݈! ֏

षᄎᆖᛎچۯΰ១ጠषᆖچۯαΔԫ౳ᎁ੡ץਔඒߛΕ៭ᄐፖگԵΔຟਢৰ ૹ૞षᄎၸᐋ᧢ႈΙࠡխ៭ᄐլ܀࢓࢓๯ီ੡ז।ଡԳऱषᄎၸᐋऱ່ࠋ໢ԫਐ ᑑΰBlau & Duncan, 1967: 5-7αΔՈፖ֮֏ᇷءΕषᄎᇷءΕᏝଖᨠ࢚Ε۩੡ᑓ ڤΕ՗ՖጥඒፖඒߛᖲᄎڶৰՕऱᣂᜤΰࣥسႚΔ2000Κ43-83Ι್ॾ۩Δ1997Ι ຫ৊䍾Δ1993Κ97-123Ι๺ቯᅏΔ1986ΙBourdieu, 1977, 1984ΙKohn, 1969ΙLin, 2001αΔڂۖڇৰڍषᄎઝᖂઔߒΔڕඒߛषᄎᖂઔߒխΔຟਢৰૹ૞ऱ᧢ႈΖ լመ៭ᄐऱྒྷၦ᧩൓௽ܑᓤᠧΔլᓵਢ៭ᄐ։ᣊऱ৬ዌΔፖ௅ᖕ։ᣊࢬ৬مऱ៭

ᄐၦ।Δຟ૿ᜯ๺ڍംᠲΔۖڶৱၞԫޡઔߒ܌ࣚΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1996Δ1997αΖڇ መװፕ᨜ඒߛઔߒΔ௽ܑਢඒߛषᄎᖂઔߒխΔHollingshedΰ1958αط៭ᄐፖඒ ߛףᦞۖࠐऱࠟڂైषᄎچۯਐᑇΔױᎅਢ່ൄشऱषᆖچۯྒྷၦֱऄΙ๺ڍઔ ߒ៶ڼྒྷၦ։࣫ᇷறΔՈีᗨԱ᠆ጚऱګ࣠Δྥۖຍଡਐᑇऱ៭ᄐྒྷၦΔਢ؄Լ ڣছڇભഏषᄎࢬ৬ዌऱΔࠀլ౨ᔞش࣍վֲऱፕ᨜षᄎΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1997αΔՈ

༉૰֊Ꮑ૞৬ዌᔞᅝऱᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊፖၦ।Ζ

۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1992αऱᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊΔאפ౨ᓵࢨԳԺᇷءᓵࢬൎᓳऱψറ ᄐݾ๬ᐋ్ω੡׌૞։ᣊഗ៕Δ౨ለڶயچ೴։ၸᐋ೏܅ΔڶৰՕऱᚌរΔ׌ૠ

๠෼ڇսشຍႈ։ᣊ೚ᓳ਷Δۖ޲࿇୶נޓᄅऱ։ᣊΖྥۖ༉ኔᎾऱᓳ਷መ࿓ۖ

ߢΔথ᧩൓ܺᣄૹૹΙڶ๺ڍ៭ᄐΔ௽ܑਢءՒࢬൄߠऱ௽௘៭ᄐΔլ࣐௅ᖕᄅ

։ᣊ೚ូᣊΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1996αΖ

ᄅ৬ዌऱψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1998αΔױᎅਢ׌ૠ๠ᄅ

։ᣊऱޏߜءΔ່२੡ഏփ๺ڍषᄎઝᖂᓳ਷ઔߒΔڕԿཚԿڻΰ1997 ڣαא৵ ऱषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ΰີ૎ဎΕແַٛΔ2000Ι្௧ᄭΔ1998αΔא֗๺ڍඒߛઔߒΔ

௽ܑਢඒߛषᄎᖂઔߒࢬආشΖ،ೈԱץܶԫࠄءՒࢬൄߠΔۖլ࣐௅ᖕ׌ૠ๠

ᄅ։ᣊ೚ូᣊऱ៭ᄐհ؆ΔՈຘመࠓᣊۖ១֏׌ૠ๠ᄅ։ᣊΙࠀၞԫޡኙຍࠄء Ւࢤፖٽࠓ൓ࠐऱ֟ᑇ៭ᄐၞ۩ߓอ֏Ε࿨ዌ֏Δࠌ൓๶୉౨ڇ࿍࿍ԫ଄հ।խ ΰߠॵᙕԫαΔԫؾԱྥ઎堚ᄅ։ᣊऱ٤ᎎፖ࿨ዌΔৰ୲࣐ڇ।Ղބࠩࢬ૞ូᣊ

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ऱ៭ᄐΖ،լ܀୲࣐ូᣊΔۖ׊ፖ᜗ᓤऱ׌ૠ๠Կ։ۯᄅ։ᣊࠠڶᣊۿऱၸᐋ೴

ᙃԺΖ

षᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ։ᣊࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔۖ੡๺ڍᓳ਷ፖඒߛषᄎᖂઔߒࢬආشΔ

ྥۖ،ഗءՂս᥆࣍ټؾ֡৫ΔڇሎشՂ༉࠹ࠩૻࠫΖڕ۶ڇڼ։ᣊਮዌՂΔ৬ ዌྒྷၦለาᒯऱၦ।Δאࠎၞԫޡอૠ։࣫հشΔՈ༉ګ੡ᅝ೭հ৺¹Ζءઔߒঞ ٽࠓψԿཚԿڻፕ᨜چ೴षᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ၸᐋิω९࿍ࠟٝം࠴ᇷற೚։࣫

ΰN = 4313αΔଈ٣௅ᖕՕᑌءᇷறΔૠጩנޢႈ៭ᄐऱՠ܂ࢬᏁറᄐݾ๬Εگ ԵΕሐᐚݮွፖᜢඨհؓ݁ᑇΙ൷ထ೶ە Duncanΰ1961αፖ JencksΕPerman ፖ

Rainwaterΰ1988αऱֱऄΔ৬مψፕ᨜چ೴ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ωΙ່৵

ࠀኙ࣍ᄅၦ।ऱ৬ዌய৫೚ေ۷Ζ

෮ă͛ᚥᑭ੅

ڇፕ᨜षᄎઝᖂઔߒൄߠऱ׌૞៭ᄐ։ᣊਮዌխΔ۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1987αऱ

៱៭ᄐ։ᣊΔམ੡๺ڍം࠴ᓳ਷ࢬආشΔٵழՈਢഄԫڶᔞᅝၦ।Δڕᓐිርࡉ

្௧ᄭΰTsai & Chiu, 1991αࢬ৬ዌऱ៭ᄐषᆖچۯၦ।Δፖ Treimanΰ1977αऱ ഏᎾ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।Δױࠎၞԫޡઔߒሎشհ։ᣊΖྥۖ៱։ᣊլ܀ྤऄڶயچො

።๺ڍᄅᘋ៭ᄐΔۖ׊࢓࢓Ծאψ۩ᄐω੡։ᣊഗ៕Δࢬ೴։ऱ࢓࢓ਢ៭ᄐऱֽ

ؓ։ՠΔࠀլ౨ڶயچ೴։ၸᐋ೏܅Δۖ૾܅ড়ᨠၸᐋ೴ᙃԺΰᇡߠ႓ᑞݳΔ 1996αΖ

۟࣍࿇୶ለᄅऱ۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1992αᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊΔլ܀ץܶԱ๺ڍᄅऱᣊ

ܑΔױאො።๺ڍᄅᘋ៭ᄐΔࠀ׊ٺᣊ៭ᄐऱࡳᆠ堚ᄑΕᣤ᠃Δለࠠࡌ࢏ࢤፖඈ

؞ࢤΙޓૹ૞ऱਢΔ،אפ౨ᓵࢨԳԺᇷءᓵࢬൎᓳऱՠ܂ࢬႊψറᄐݾ๬ᐋ్ωΔ

੡׌૞։ᣊഗ៕ΰBecker, 1975; Davis & Moore, 1945αΔڶܑ࣍៱։ᣊհאψ۩

ᄐω੡ഗ៕Δ౨ለڶயچ೴։ၸᐋ೏܅Ζྥۖ༉ኔᎾऱᓳ਷መ࿓ۖߢΔຍႈ៭ʳ ʳ ʳ

1 ߻قჹܭҁࣴزङඳޑᇥܴၨࣁᆒᙁǴ೭ӧᒿࡕޑЎ᝘ᔠ૸ύǴԖၨ၁ಒޑᇥܴǹόၸǴӧ Ў᝘ᔠ૸ύǴҗܭ៝ϷӄЎӷኧޑज़ڋǴаϷᗉխᆶ໳ኾדȐ1996Ǵ1998ȑٿЎԖϼӭख़ፄǴ ჹ೭ٿЎޑӣ៝Ψϝᆒᙁ٤ǴԖᑫ፪ޑ᠐ޣǴёޔௗୖ᎙೭ٿЎǶ

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ᄐូᣊऱᎁࡳംᠲথ᧩൓ܺᣄૹૹΖᄅ։ᣊഗءՂਢආ۞ഏ؆ऱ։ᣊਮዌΰ۩ਙ

ೃ׌ૠ๠Δ1992Κ4αΔፖፕ᨜اฒࢬආشऱڶࢬլٵΔۖլ୲࣐๯෻ᇞΔףՂʳ ʳ ʳ

៭ᄐऱᣊܑኔڇ֜ڍԱΔ༉᧩൓ॺൄ᜗ᓤΔຑઔߒԳ୉ຟլ୲࣐ݫ堚ᄑΙຍՈʳ ʳ

༉ທګڇᓳ਷ழΔڶ๺ڍ៭ᄐլ࣐೚ូᣊհᎁࡳംᠲΙܛࠌ౨ݫ堚ᄑຍࠄ։ʳ ʳ ᣊΔսڶ๺ڍءՒൄߠऱ៭ᄐΔࠏڕΚՠ֖Ε՛ࡢΕྤᅃᥨՓΕՠچ׌ٚΕऴʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᔭ୉࿛Δլ࣐௅ᖕᄅ։ᣊ೚ូᣊΔຍ֘ਠנፕ᨜षᄎ៭ᄐ։ᣊऱ௽௘ࢤΰ႓ᑞʳ ݳΔ1996αΖ

႓ᑞݳΰ1998α಻ٽԿཚԿڻΰ1997 ڣαא৵ऱषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷Δࢬ৬ዌऱψष ᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωΔױᎅਢ׌ૠ๠ᄅ։ᣊऱޏߜءΖ،ױษ։੡ 10 Օᣊ៭

ᄐΔࢨา։੡ 67 ՛ᣊ៭ᄐΖഗءՂΔ،ೈԱץܶԫࠄءՒࢬൄߠΔۖլ࣐௅ᖕ׌

ૠ๠ᄅ։ᣊ܂ូᣊऱ៭ᄐհ؆Δ׌૞ਢൕٽࠓ׌ૠ๠ψԿ։ۯωΔܛψ៭ᄐᒳᇆ

੡Կᒘωऱᄅ։ᣊխΔᑌء՛ۖ׊ٵᔆࢤ೏ऱ៭ᄐထ֫ΙࠀၞԫޡኙຍࠄءՒࢤ ፖٽࠓ൓ࠐऱ֟ᑇ៭ᄐၞ۩ߓอ֏Ε࿨ዌ֏Δࠌ൓๶୉౨ڇ࿍࿍ԫ଄հ।խΔԫ ؾԱྥ઎堚ᄅ։ᣊऱ٤ᎎፖ࿨ዌΔৰ୲࣐ڇ।Ղބࠩࢬ૞ូᣊऱ៭ᄐΖط࣍ψष ᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ։ᣊωࢬٽࠓऱ៭ᄐ࢓࢓ᑌءຟৰ՛Δ׊ٵᔆࢤԾ೏Δڂۖࢬ൓ऱ

៭ᄐᣊܑΔլ܀࢖ڼհၴ୲࣐೴ᙃΔۖ׊ፖ᜗ᓤऱ׌ૠ๠Կ։ۯᄅ։ᣊࠠڶᣊۿ ऱၸᐋ೴ᙃԺΖ

षᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ։ᣊࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔྥۖ،ഗءՂս᥆࣍ټؾ֡৫ΔڇሎشՂ

༉࠹ࠩૻࠫΖڕ۶ڇषᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ։ᣊਮዌՂΔ৬ዌྒྷၦለาᒯऱၦ।ΔՈ༉ګʳ ʳ

੡ᅝ೭հ৺Ζྤᓵڕ۶Δڇᅝছྤᔞᅝၦ।ױࠎሎشհᎾΔսױ೶ە٣ছऱઔߒʳ ʳ ΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1997αΔࠉषᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ։ᣊऱٺՕᣊ៭ᄐհඒߛΕگԵΔലٺՕᣊʳ ʳ ʳ

៭ᄐ᠏ངګն࿛ऱႉݧ֡৫៭ᄐषᆖچۯྒྷၦΚאψॺݾ๬ՠ֗᧯Ժՠωፖʳ ʳ ψልΕࣥΕድΕडՠ܂Գ୉ω੡ 1Ιψݾ๬ՠ֗ڶᣂՠ܂Գ୉ωΕψᖲඳ๻ໂᖙ

܂ՠ֗ิᇘՠωፖψࣚ೭ՠ܂Գ୉֗ഇຄ୉ω੡ 2Ιψࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉ω੡ 3Ιψݾ

๬୉֗ܗ෻റᄐԳ୉ω੡ 4Ιψاრז।Ε۩ਙ׌ጥΕٞᄐ׌ጥ֗ᆖ෻Գ୉ωፖ ψറᄐԳ୉ω੡ 5ΙᑇڗყՕΔז।چۯყ೏Ζڇڼࠠڶ೏৫ၸᐋ೴ᙃԺऱᄅ։

ᣊഗ៕ՂΔຍႈৰษฃऱն࿛ྒྷၦΔս౨ઌᅝڶயچྒྷנၸᐋ೏܅Δլ܀ᚌ࣍

Hollingshedΰ1958αऱն࿛៭ᄐྒྷၦΔ੷۟࣍ᝫᚌ࣍ྒྷၦ壄าऱ Treiman Կ։ۯ

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៭ᄐᜢඨΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1997αΙྥۖႛނᄅ։ᣊ៭ᄐ։ګն࿛षᆖچۯΔฅຶᝫਢ

֜ษฃԱΔՈ༉૰֊Ꮑ૞௅ᖕᄅ։ᣊ৬ዌᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ΰ႓ᑞݳΔ 1998αΔא壄ᒔྒྷၦषᄎၸᐋΔຍՈ༉ਢءઔߒࢬ૞ܘԺऱֱٻΜ

൷ထᎅࣔ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯऱრᆠΖڇषᄎၸᐋઔߒᇙΔ៭ᄐᜢඨਐऱਢ ψषᄎՕฒኙ࣍ٺܑ៭ᄐࢬࠠڶհषᄎዊᥩΰsocial honorα࿯ፖऱႃ᧯ေᏝω ΰTreiman, 1977: 1αΔຍࠄေᏝຏൄ֘ਠנԫଡषᄎऱு֨ᏝଖΔࠏڕತ༄Δඒ ߛΔኙषᄎऱಥ᣸ΞΞ࿛ΰ๺ቯᅏΔ1986Κ89αΖڰڇ 1961 ڣΔDuncan ሎشಱ

ូ։࣫Δ৬مભഏऱ៭ᄐषᆖچۯਐᑑΰSEIαழΔ࿇෼ٺ៭ᄐऱඒߛፖگԵֽᄷ

ࠟଡ᧢ႈኙ࣍៭ᄐᜢඨऱᇞᤩԺΰR squareα೏ሒ 0.83ΔۖطඒߛፖگԵףᦞۖࠐ ऱᜢඨቃྒྷଖܛषᆖچۯΔᜢඨፖषᆖچۯऱઌᣂ೏ሒ 0.91Δࠟृॺൄ൷२ ΰDuncun, 1961αΖૉࠉ Blau ፖ Duncanΰ1967α֗ Hauser ፖ Feathermanΰ1977αΔ षᆖچۯ׌૞৬مڇ៭ᄐ໴ሟፖ៭ᄐ૞ޣհՂΔছृܛՠ܂گԵΔ৵ृڕኙ࣍റ ᄐݾ๬ࢨඒߛֽᄷհ૞ޣΖ۟࣍៭ᄐᜢඨࢨषᆖچۯऱᄗ࢚հ೴։Δ៭ᄐᜢඨࢬ ז।ऱਢٺႈ៭ᄐڇषᄎՂψԫ౳ࢤऱچۯΰgeneral standing αࢨዊᥩωΔຍଡ ԫ౳ࢤچۯױො።๺ڍٻ৫ΔSEI ࢬז।ऱषᆖچۯਢࠡխৰૹ૞ऱԫຝ։ΰ๺

ቯᅏΔ1986ΙJencks, 1990αΖ

լመΔ٣ছᓐිርࡉ្௧ᄭΰTsai & Chiu, 1991αΔڇ৬ዌፕ᨜چ೴៭ᄐᜢඨ ፖԲ։ۯषᆖچۯၦ।ழࢬ܂ऱಱូ։࣫խΔথ࿇෼ٺႈ៭ᄐऱඒߛፖگԵֽᄷ ΰխۯᑇαኙ࣍ᜢඨऱᇞᤩԺ׽ڶ.51ΔطඒߛΕگԵףᦞۖࠐऱቃྒྷଖψषᆖچ ۯωፖᜢඨऱઌᣂՈ༉׽ڶ.71Δࠟृڶլ֟஁၏Ζਢܡຍਢط࣍๺ڍፕ᨜षᄎࢬ ૹီऱு֨ᏝଖΔڕٺႈ៭ᄐऱሐᐚݮွΔ޲౏Եᇞᤩ᧢ႈࢬીΛ௅ᖕԫ౳ٱွΔ ڇભഏࠠڶ೏ᜢඨऱ৳ஃΕ᠔ஃΰ೏࣍Օᖂඒ඄αΰNakao & Treas , 1994: 45-48αΔ ڇፕ᨜ऱሐᐚݮွլԫࡳৰ೏Ιۖڇ༇ஃૹሐऱءՒႚอ֮֏ՀΔፕ᨜ऱඒஃΔ ຍץਔՕᖂඒ඄ፖխ՛ᖂඒஃऱሐᐚݮွথৰ೏ΰ۶֖ᔕΕኣإݛΔ1969Ιຫ৊

䍾Δ1993Κ288αΔຍৰױ౨ਢڇᓐිርࡉ្௧ᄭऱᜢඨၦ।խΰTsai & Chiu, 1991:

239αΔ৳ஃΕ᠔ஃऱᜢඨຟլ೏ΔլڕՕᖂඒ඄ΔՈֺլՂ՛ᖂ۔ஃऱຝ։଺ڂΖ ڇ٣ছፕ᨜ऱ៭ᄐᜢඨᓳ਷խΔࣥ堚ۂΰ1971Δ1981αऱಥ᣸࠱။Ιהऱࠟႈᓳ

਷Ոຟ᧩قፕ᨜ऱඒஃᜢඨೣ೏ΔՕᖂඒ඄೏࣍᠔ஃΔլመխ՛ᖂඒஃᝫਢ܅࣍

(7)

᠔ஃΖྥۖהऱઔߒؾऱ׌૞ڇ࣍ψ൶ಘઌኙ࣍ፕ᨜ࠡה៭ᄐΔඒஃᜢඨऱ೏܅ωΔ

ۖլڇ࣍ലࢬڶ៭ᄐऱᜢඨຟ٨Եᓳ਷Δא৬م౨ො።Օڍᑇاฒ៭ᄐऱᜢඨၦ

।Δࠎၞԫޡઔߒ೚᧢ႈ։࣫Ζ

ਝྥ៭ᄐषᆖچۯፖᜢඨڶࢬլٵΔୌଡၦ।ለړΔለ౨ז।៭ᄐၸᐋ೏܅Δ Ո༉ৰଖ൓൶ߒΙࠉ Jencks ፖ Rainwaterΰ1988αΔԫଡړऱၦ।ᚨᅝ౨֘ਠנՖ ࢤࡺ٭Ⴈऱ෼ွΖ႓ᑞݳΰ1994αঞ௅ᖕආش׌ૠ๠៱៭ᄐ։ᣊऱψ1992 ڣषᄎ

᧢ᔢᓳ਷ၸᐋิᇷறωΔ։࣫ᓐිርࡉ្௧ᄭऱԲ։ۯ៭ᄐषᆖچۯၦ।ፖࢤܑ

ऱᣂᜤΖઔߒ࿇෼᧩قΚشຍႈၦ।೚։࣫Δᄎ൓ࠩՖࢤ៭ᄐچۯ೏࣍ߊࢤऱ࿨

࣠Δຍڶຝ։ױូڂ࣍ΚઌኙߊࢤۖߢΔՖࢤለႃխ࣍጑ᅮ۸෻Գ୉Δۖ጑ᅮ۸

෻ڇຍႈၦ।Ղ൓։ೣ೏ΰઌለ࣍ TreimanΔא֗ᓐිርࡉ្௧ᄭᜢඨၦ।αΖ

ၞԫޡาߒ጑ᅮ۸෻ڇຍႈषᆖچۯၦ।Ղ൓։ೣ೏հ෼ွΔຍױូڂ࣍ຍ ଡၦ।ऱषᆖچۯਐᑑΔ࠹ࠩٺ៭ᄐՠ܂ृऱኔᎾඒߛֽᄷΰխۯᑇαऱᐙ᥼ΰβα

່ՕΔۖ጑ᅮ۸෻ऱඒߛֽᄷԾೣ೏Ζૉࠉ Blau ፖ Duncanΰ1967α֗ Hauser ፖ

Feathermanΰ1977αΔषᆖچۯՈ৬مڇ៭ᄐ૞ޣΔڕറᄐݾ๬ࢨඒߛֽᄷհ૞

ޣՂΖྥۖፕ᨜چ೴ऱ጑ᅮ۸෻ኔᎾࢬ࠹ඒߛೣ೏Δז।ᖜٚ጑ᅮ۸෻Ꮑ૞೏ֽ

ᄷऱറᄐݾ๬ࢨඒߛֱ౨໏ٚႯΛࠉ٣ছऱઔߒΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1992αΔፕ᨜ऱ጑ᅮ ۸෻ኔᎾඒߛֽᄷೣ೏Δױូڂ࣍༉ᄐؑ໱լࠋΔՕၦऱՕറ࿓৫ृ׽ړᖜٚ጑

ᅮ۸෻Δۖլ౨ូڂ࣍ᖜٚ጑ᅮ۸෻ؘႊ૞ڶ೏ඒߛֽᄷΙৰױ౨጑ᅮ۸෻ኔᎾ ඒߛֽᄷឈ೏ΔྥۖࢬᏁ૞ऱඒߛֽᄷࠀլ೏Δૉ౨شࢬᏁ૞ऱඒߛֽᄷࡉگԵ ࠐ৬ዌषᆖچۯၦ।ΔՖࢤࢬႃխऱ጑ᅮ۸෻հچۯΔױ౨༉ᄎֺᓐිርࡉ្௧ ᄭၦ।ऱچۯ܅ԫࠄΔࠀ൓ࠩՖࢤ៭ᄐچۯ܅࣍ߊࢤհ࿨࣠ΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1997αΖ

៭ᄐΔڕՕᖂඒ඄Δࢨٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑխऱ๺ڍլٵՠ܂ΔڕፕՕሽᖲߓਬඒ

඄ऱՠ܂Δࣟܦਙएߓਬඒ඄ऱՠ܂հྒྷၦΔլႛ׽ڶൄشऱ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖ چۯۖբΖJencks ፖ Rainwaterΰ1988α৬ዌԱՠ܂ᏁޣࢤਐᑑΰIndex of Job

Desirability, IJDαΔױشࠐྒྷၦฒڍ៭ᄐփࢬץܶऱ๺ڍլٵՠ܂հړᡏΔຍਐ

ऱਢլٵՠ܂੡ભഏՕฒࢬអ࢓ऱ࿓৫ΖJencks ፖ Rainwater ਐנႚอऱ៭ᄐၦ

।Δឈ౨ኙٺႈ៭ᄐ࿯ፖլٵऱᜢඨፖषᆖچۯ։ᑇΔྥۖٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑփऱ๺

ڍՠ܂ڶړڶᡏΔথຟ׽౨࿯ፖٵᑌऱ։ᑇΔۖྤऄ᧩قנլٵՠ܂ऱړᡏΙ

(8)

Jencksፖ Rainwater Ո༉৬ዌԱ IJDΔ܂੡լٵՠ܂ړᡏऱਐᑑΖ

Jencksፖ Rainwater ৬ዌ IJD ਐᑑऱֱऄΔፖ৬ዌ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ऱ

ֱऄڶࢬլٵΔؘႊףאᎅࣔΖ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।ऱ৬ዌΔຏൄਢ௅ᖕז।षᄎՕฒ ऱ࠹๶اฒΔኙ࣍ം࠴Ղࢬ٨ᜰ៭ᄐऱᜢඨհ׌ᨠေࡳ೚ૠጩΔאࢬ൓ࠩऱٺ៭

ᄐᜢඨհؓ݁ᑇࠐ৬ዌΙ៭ᄐषᆖچۯঞ࢓࢓൓۞៭ᄐऱඒߛፖگԵֽᄷΰڕխ ۯᑇΕ݁ᑇαኙᜢඨऱቃྒྷଖΔܛطড়ᨠऱਐᑑψඒߛፖگԵωףᦞۖࠐΔઌኙ

࣍࠹๶ृ׌ᨠေࡳऱ៭ᄐᜢඨΔױᎅਢለࠠড়ᨠࢤऱਐᑑΰࣥ堚ۂΔ1971Δ1981Ι ᓐිርΕ្௧ᄭΔ1989ΙLin & Wen, 1988ΙNakao & Treas, 1994ΙTsai & Chiu, 1991Ι

Wegener , 1992αΖ۟࣍ IJD ਐᑑऱ৬ዌֱऄΔ੡Ա౨֘ਠנٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑխ๺ڍ

ՠ܂ऱړᡏΔՈ༉٣ᓮࢬڶ࠹๶ृኙ۞աऱՠ܂ړᡏ࿯։Ιྥۖ੡Աᝩ܍ڕڼေ

։መ࣍׌ᨠΔڕՠ܂௽ᔆݙ٤ԫᑌऱࠟଡՠ܂Δլٵ࠹๶ृױ౨࿯։լԫᑌΔՈ

༉ආشᣊۿ৬ዌषᆖچۯऱֱऄΚ௅ᖕଡܑ࠹๶ृࢬڃ࿠ऱՠ܂௽ᔆΔڕگԵΕ ඒߛ૞ޣΕޢၜՠ܂ழᑇΞΞ࿛๺ڍ᧢ႈΔሎشಱូ։࣫ࠐኙՠ܂࿯։೚ቃྒྷΔ طຍࠄՠ܂௽ᔆףᦞۖࠐऱቃྒྷଖܛ IJDΖط࣍ IJD ऱ৬ዌאଡԳΔۖॺ៭ᄐᜢ ඨፖषᆖچۯࢬආشऱ៭ᄐᣊܑ੡։࣫໢ۯΔࢬא،౨᧩قנٵԫ៭ᄐփऱլٵ ՠ܂հړᡏΰJencks & Rainwater, 1988αΖࠉڼףᦞֱ࿓ڤΔՠ܂௽ᔆݙ٤ԫᑌऱ

ࠟଡՠ܂ΔIJD ༉ᄎݙ٤ઌ࿛Δܛࠌࠟଡՠ܂ऱ࠹๶ृ࿯։լԫᑌΖ

IJD լ܀౨ྒྷנٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑփऱլٵՠ܂ړᡏΔ௅ᖕ Jencks ፖ Rainwater ऱઔߒΔڇڍႈྒྷၦ঴ᔆऱေ۷ՂΔ،ຟൎመ Duncan ऱ៭ᄐषᆖچۯፖ Siegel ऱ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।ΙࠏڕΚ،౨ࣔ᧩֘ਠנڇભഏषᄎᇙΔՖࢤࡺ٭Ⴈऱ෼ွΔۖ

Duncanፖ Siegel ऱၦ।༉ྤऄ֘ਠՖࢤऱ٭ႨΙৰױ౨ڇٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑփΔፖߊ

ࢤઌለΔՖࢤ࢓࢓ᖜٚለլړऱՠ܂Δش៭ᄐၦ।׽౨࿯ղٵᑌऱ։ᑇΔՈ༉լ

୲࣐֘ਠՖࢤऱ٭ႨΙۖ IJD ࢓࢓౨࿯ٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑփऱՖࢤՠ܂܅։Δۖ౨֘

ਠՖࢤᖞ᧯ऱ٭ႨΖ٦༉৬ዌ IJD ऱ࿓ݧۖߢΔ࠹๶ृ૞ڃ࿠ऱਢ۞աࢬᑵ൜ऱ ψ۞աՠ܂ωհ௽ᔆΙຍፖ৬ዌ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।ழΔ࠹๶ृ࢓࢓૞ኙ࣍۞ալᑵ൜ ऱ๺ڍ៭ᄐ܂ေࡳڶࢬլٵΰJencks & Rainwater, 1988: 1329αΖ༉ڼۖߢΔ৬ዌ IJD ழΔ࠹๶ृ౨ڇ༳༽ךٝಛஒऱൣउՀڃ࿠Δຍរ༉ൎመ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।Δא

֗௅ᖕᜢඨࢬ৬ዌऱषᆖچۯΖ

(9)

IJD ࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔྥۖڇኔᎾሎشՂΔՈ࠹ࠩ๺ڍૻࠫΖط࣍،ਢಾኙ

Jencksፖ Rainwater ऱઔߒխΔࢬڶ࠹๶ृଡܑՠ܂৬مऱਐᑑΔԫଡ࠹๶ृڶԫ

ଡ։ᑇΔࠀ޲ቝ៭ᄐၦ।ԫᑌΔ౨৬مԫ୚౨࿯٤ഏՠ܂ृ៭ᄐ։ᑇऱၦ।Ιኙ

࣍լڇ Jencks ፖ Rainwater ઔߒऱ࠹๶ᑌءփհՠ܂ृΔֺڕ൷࠹ࠡהᓳ਷ऱՠ

܂ृۖߢΔ༉ྤऄ௅ᖕ Jencks ࿛Գऱઔߒ࿨࣠ࠐ࿯։ᑇΖڕ࣠૞࿯൷࠹ࠡהᓳ਷

ऱاฒ IJD ։ᑇΔ༉ؘႊቝ Jencks ࿛ԳऱઔߒΔڇᓳ਷խംԱ๺ڍڶᣂՠ܂௽ᔆ ऱംᠲΔࠀ៶ထຍࠄ௽ᔆףᦞૠጩ IJDΔຍᄎᏺףᓳ਷ऱ૤ᖜΖྥۖڇᓳ਷խΔ

׽૞ംԱ࠹๶اฒऱ៭ᄐᣊܑΔ༉౨௅ᖕ៭ᄐၦ।࿯։ᑇΖ

ጵٽאՂ֮᣸ᛀಘΔಾኙᅝছፕ᨜षᄎࢬ৬مψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωΔ ࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔۖ੡๺ڍᓳ਷ࢬආشΔྥۖথྤᔞᅝ៭ᄐၦ।ױࠎሎشΙՈ༉

ڶؘ૞೶ە٣ছഏփ؆৬ዌၦ।ऱֱऄΔࠐ࿯ຍႈᄅ։ᣊ৬ዌၦ।Ζۖ٣ছ๺ڍ ৬ዌၦ।ऱֱऄٺڶܓኤΔءઔߒঞٵழ೶ەԱ Duncanΰ1961αፖ Jencks ፖ

Rainwaterΰ1988αऱֱऄΔא৬ዌψፕ᨜چ೴ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ωΖ

ણăĶᄂ៉гડາᖚຽᓏ୕ᄃۤགྷгҜณܑķ

۞ޙၹĈᖚຽᆸѨ̶̝ژ

ʙăࠂՀ̟ٲ!

ءઔߒٽࠓԿཚԿڻፕ᨜چ೴षᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ၸᐋิ९Ε࿍ࠟٝം࠴ᇷறΔ൓

ࠩՕᑌءᇷற೚։࣫ΰN = 4313αΙ੡Ա৬ዌᄅ៭ᄐၦ।Δຍࠟٝം࠴ຟ๻ૠԱ

๺ڍڶᣂՠ܂௽ᔆംႈΔڕຟംࠩՠ܂ऱࢬႊറᄐݾ๬ΕگԵΕሐᐚݮွፖᜢඨ ΰ្௧ᄭΔ1998αΖط࣍ٽࠓᇷற৵ᑌءৰՕΔՕڍ៭ᄐຟڶլ֟ᑌءΔױ۷ૠ ٺႈ៭ᄐՠ܂ृऱؓ݁റᄐݾ๬ΕگԵΕሐᐚݮွፖᜢඨΔၞ۩א៭ᄐ੡໢ۯऱ

։࣫Δ৬ዌ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।Δࠀ൶ಘᐙ᥼ٺ៭ᄐᜢඨऱڂైΖ௅ᖕ٣ছ ऱ֮᣸ᛀಘΔױቃཚΚറᄐݾ๬ΕگԵΕሐᐚݮွყ೏ऱ៭ᄐΔᜢඨՈყ೏Ζ

אՂא៭ᄐ੡໢ۯऱ៭ᄐᐋڻ᧢ႈྒྷၦΔ׌૞ਢ൓۞ଡԳᐋڻऱٺ៭ᄐՠ܂

ृՠ܂௽ᔆհؓ݁ᑇΔۖڼଡԳᐋڻऱՠ܂௽ᔆྒྷၦڕՀΚ

(ԫ)ՠ܂ࢬႊऱറᄐݾ๬Κຍא࠹๶ृࢬܒឰऱψ૞ڇ෼ڇऱ៭ۯՂ೚ړՠ

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܂Δ۟֟ႊ૞৻ᑌऱඒߛ࿓৫ΛωΔא֗ψᏁ૞ڶڍՆऱՠ܂ᆖᖵࢨᖵᒭΔթ౨

໏ٚؾছऱ៭ۯΛω೚ྒྷၦΖছृז।ՠ܂ࢬႊ૞ψ൓۞ᖂீඒߛωऱԫ౳ࢤԳ ԺᇷءΙ৵ृז।ՠ܂ࢬႊ૞ψ൓۞ኔ೭ՠ܂ᖵᒭωऱԳԺᇷءΰSmith, 1990αΖ ຍࠟᠲऱം࠴๻ૠΔ଺٣ຟ᥆࣍ႉݧ֡৫Δءઔߒঞ௅ᖕٺ్ᖂீऱଥᄐڣᑇΔ ലඒߛ࿓৫᠏ګڣᑇΙۖՠ܂ᖵᒭսආ଺ڶ֡৫Δΰױ೶९࠴ 48Δ49 ᠲαΔאڃ

࿠լᏁ૞ՠ܂ᆖ᧭੡ 1Δլࠩԫଡִ 2Δԫଡִ۟תڣ 3Δתڣ۟ԫڣ 4Δԫڣ۟

Կڣ 5ΔԿڣ۟նڣ 6ΔնڣאՂ 7Ζ

(Բ)ሐᐚݮွΚຍא࠹๶ृኙ࣍ਢܡψ൞ऱՠ܂ৰ࠹षᄎऱሐᐚᑑᄷࢬ्ࡳω ऱڃ࿠೚ྒྷၦΙࠀאڃ࿠ৰฤٽृ੡ 5Δฤٽ 4Δྤრߠ 3Δլฤٽ 2Δৰլฤٽ 1Δᑇଖყ೏ז।ሐᐚݮွყ೏ΰ60.3 ᠲαΖ

(Կ)۞ေᜢඨΚא࠹๶ृኙ࣍ਢܡψ൞ऱՠ܂ৰ࠹༇ᄃωऱڃ࿠೚ྒྷၦΙڼ ܛط࠹๶ृ۞բܒࡳψषᄎՕฒኙ࣍۞բ៭ᄐࢬࠠڶऱዊᥩհေᏝωΔຍឈྥױ א֘ਠຝ։ࠃኔΔྥۖᣄ܍Ոᄎ೏۷ࢨ܅۷ኔᎾऱ៭ᄐᜢඨΙլመΔຍսױຘመ

ၞԫޡऱอૠ։࣫Δ૾܅۷ૠᎄ஁ΰᇡߠ࣍৵αΖۖ۞ေᜢඨ࿯։ֱڤٵሐᐚݮ

ွΰ60.1 ᠲαΔ࿯։ᒤ໮ຟਢ 1 ࠩ 5Ζ

(؄)گԵΚא࠹๶ृኙ࣍ψᓮം൞෼ڇຍଡՠ܂Δ൞ଡԳޢଡִگԵڍ֟ց?ω ऱڃ࿠೚ྒྷၦΙᣤ௑ۖߢΔڼ੡ႉݧ֡৫ऱྒྷၦΔگԵ່܅ऱྤگԵृ੡ 1Δ່

೏ऱ 20 ᆄցאՂृ੡ 22ΰ100a, 100b ᠲαΖ

ڇءઔߒא៭ᄐ੡։࣫໢ۯऱ։࣫խΔ௅ᖕՕᑌءᇷறΔ۷ૠٺႈ៭ᄐՠ܂

ृऱറᄐݾ๬࿛᧢ႈհؓ݁ᑇΖឈྥᑌءբᆖৰՕԱΔྥۖ੡Աᖜঅޢԫႈ៭ᄐ ຟڶઌᅝऱᑌءᑇΔא壄ᒔ۷ૠ݁ᑇΔᝫਢڶؘ૞ኙ՛ᣊ៭ᄐࠓᣊΔאᏺףٺᣊ

ܑऱᑌءᑇΙءઔߒኙ࣍ψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωΰॵᙕԫα܂ࠓᣊΔࢬ൓

ࠩ 42 ႈ՛ᣊ៭ᄐᓮߠ। 1Ιۖڼࠓᣊऱ଺ঞ׌૞ਢٽࠓᑌء֟Δۖ׊ڇՂ૪؄ᣊ

᧢ႈΕ࠹๶ृኔᎾඒߛڣᑇ݁ᑇፖՠ܂փ୲ՂΔৰ൷२ऱ៭ᄐᣊܑΖ

ڇ۷ૠٺႈ៭ᄐՠ܂ृऱؓ݁റᄐݾ๬ழΔءઔߒೈԱො።Ղ૪࠹๶ृࢬ࿠

ψՠ܂ࢬႊऱඒߛፖᆖᖵωࠟႈਐᑑհ؆ΔՈലႚอ៭ᄐᜢඨઔߒࢬشΔۖለࠠ

ড়ᨠࢤऱٺ៭ᄐؓ݁ψኔᎾඒߛڣᑇωΔ౏Եٺ៭ᄐؓ݁റᄐݾ๬ऱ۷ૠΔא༼

೏۷ૠऱড়ᨠࢤΖଈ٣༉ᖞ᧯࠹๶ऱՠ܂ृΔኙຍԿႈਐᑑ೚ڂై։࣫Δ൓ࠩԫ

(11)

ଡڂైΔࠉٺਐᑑऱრᆠΔຍڂైױࡎټ੡ψՠ܂ࢬႊऱറᄐݾ๬ωΔאࠡڂై

։ᑇ܂੡റᄐݾ๬ऱጵٽਐᑑΙ൷ထૠጩࠓᣊ৵ऱٺႈ៭ᄐհڂై։ᑇؓ݁ᑇΔ

༉൓ࠩٺႈ៭ᄐऱറᄐݾ๬։ᑇΖ۟࣍ٺ៭ᄐऱگԵΕሐᐚݮွፖ۞ေᜢඨΔঞ ऴ൷אٺ៭ᄐՠ܂ृڇຍࠄ᧢ႈՂऱؓ݁ᑇ೚۷ૠΖ

ءઔߒڇ۷ૠٺՠ܂௽ᔆΔڕറᄐݾ๬ழΔ೶ە Jencks ࿛ԳΔۖፖભഏऱ DOTΰ៭ᄐټጠ᢯ࠢΔDictionary of Occupational TitlesαΔط๺ڍറ୮ኙ࣍ٺႈ៭

ᄐՠ܂௽ᔆ೚ေ۷Δۖ৬مՠ܂௽ᔆၦ।ऱֱऄڶࢬլٵΰCain & Treiman, 1981αΙط࣍ݺഏࠀ޲ڶေ۷៭ᄐՠ܂௽ᔆऱറ॰ᖲዌΔءઔߒՈ༉׽౨௅ᖕٵ

៭ᄐऱ๺ڍ࠹๶ृڃ࿠ऱՠ܂௽ᔆհؓ݁ᑇ܂۷ૠΖՈፖመװऱ៭ᄐᜢඨઔߒΔ

௅ᖕז।षᄎՕฒऱ࠹๶اฒΔኙം࠴Ղࢬ٨ᜰऱ៭ᄐհᜢඨ೚׌ᨠေࡳΔࠀא ٺ៭ᄐ๯ေࡳऱؓ݁ᑇז।៭ᄐᜢඨΔڶࢬլٵΙຍਢط࣍ࢬሎشऱᇷறΔࠀ޲

ڶ፦ႃψ࠹๶اฒኙ࣍षᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ։ᣊՂऱ๺ڍ៭ᄐ܂ᜢඨေࡳωऱ᧢ႈΔڇᇷ றሎشՂ࠹ࠩԫࠄૻࠫࢬીΖլመڇຍࠄᜢඨઔߒխΔ࠹๶ृ࢓࢓૞ኙ࣍۞բլ ᑵ൜ऱ๺ڍ៭ᄐ೚ေࡳΙءઔߒঞፖ Jencks ࿛ԳऱઔߒԫᑌΔ࠹๶ृ౨ڇ༳༽ך

ٝಛஒऱൣउՀΔኙ۞աऱՠ܂௽ᔆ೚ေࡳΔᝫਢࠠڶᚌរΖۖຍࠄՠ܂௽ᔆط

๺ڍ࠹๶ृऱؓ݁ᑇ೚۷ૠΔৰױ౨ڶࠄ࠹๶ृᄎ೏۷ΔՈڶࠄᄎ܅۷Δսڶࣂ ᔭऱய࣠Δࢬ൓ࠩऱؓ݁ᑇΔսࠠڶઌᅝऱড়ᨠࢤΔۖ༼೏ኙٺ៭ᄐՠ܂௽ᔆΔ ڕ៭ᄐᜢඨऱྒྷၦ壄ᒔࢤΖ

լመΔܛࠌٵԫ៭ᄐᇙΔڶࠄ࠹๶ृᄎ೏۷ΔՈڶࠄᄎ܅۷ΔྥۖΔৰױ౨ ࠀ޲ଶړࣂᔭΔࢬ൓ࠩऱ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨؓ݁ᑇΔս೏۷ࢨ܅۷ኔᎾऱ៭ᄐᜢඨΙ

ྤᓵڕ۶Δຍᝫਢױא៶ထอૠֱऄ೚ଥإΔۖၞԫޡ༼೏ড়ᨠࢤΔ૾܅۞ေऱ ᎄ஁ΖءઔߒೈԱ೶ە Duncan ऱֱऄΔ௅ᖕಱូ։࣫ኙ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨ೚ቃྒྷΔ

ۖطٺ៭ᄐψؓ݁റᄐݾ๬ፖگԵωףᦞૠጩࢬ൓ࠩऱቃྒྷଖΔං۷៭ᄐषᆖچ ۯհ؆ΙՈ೶ە Jencks ፖ Rainwater ऱֱऄΔٵᑌ௅ᖕಱូ։࣫ኙ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨ

೚ቃྒྷΔۖطٺ៭ᄐψറᄐݾ๬ωፖψگԵωΔא֗ױ౨Ոᄎᐙ᥼ᜢඨऱψሐᐚ ݮွωΰᇡߠ֮᣸ᛀಘαΔףᦞૠጩࢬ൓ࠩऱቃྒྷଖΔܛψ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨऱଥإ ଖωΔࠐං۷ٺ៭ᄐᜢඨΖࠉڼףᦞֱ࿓ڤΔറᄐݾ๬ΕگԵፖሐᐚݮွݙ٤ԫ ᑌऱࠟႈ៭ᄐΔᜢඨ༉ᄎݙ٤ઌ࿛Ιܛࠌࠟႈ៭ᄐऱ࠹๶ृխΔԫႈ៭ᄐ࠹๶ृ

(12)

೏۷Δ׼ԫႈ܅۷Δۖψ۞ေᜢඨωլԫᑌΖ

ڇڼಱូ։࣫խΔط࣍଺٣࠹๶ृ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨऱ࿯։ᒤ໮੡ൕ 1 ࠩ 5Δֱ

࿓ڤխٺ៭ᄐऱؓ݁۞ေᜢඨΔא֗ࢬං۷ऱषᆖچۯፖ៭ᄐᜢඨΔՈ༉ᄎ࠹ૻ

࣍ 1 ࠩ 5 ऱᒤ໮Ι੡Աڇ൓։ᒤ໮Ղፖڍᑇၦ।ԫીΔءઔߒڇಱូ։࣫խՈ༉

ല଺ٺ៭ᄐ۞ေᜢඨ݁ᑇଊ 20Δࠌ൓່೏ױሒ 100Δ່܅ 20Δࢬං۷ऱषᆖچۯ ፖ៭ᄐᜢඨհ։܉ՈৰᣊۿΖۖ଺٣࠹๶ृኙሐᐚݮွऱऱ࿯։ᒤ໮ΔՈਢൕ 1

ࠩ 5Δ੡ԱྒྷၦऱԫીΔՈਢٵଊ 20ΰױ೶ॵᙕԲαΖല଺٣ऱ݁ᑇଊ 20Δࢬ൓

ࠩऱٺ៭ᄐ݁ᑇΔࠀլᄎޏ᧢ٺ៭ᄐ଺٣݁ᑇհ೏܅ඈݧΙ௅ᖕઌᣂএᑇΰrαऱ

ࡳᆠڤΰWonnacott & Wonnacott, 1979: 155αΔଊ 20 ৵Δ٦ૠጩ᧢ႈၴऱઌᣂএ ᑇΰrαΔՈլᄎޏ᧢଺٣ऱઌᣂএᑇΔא֗๺ڍၞԫޡऱอૠ։࣫Δڕಱូ։࣫

ऱ࿨࣠Ζ

ʠăࠂՀൖَ!

ଈ٣Δאٺႈ៭ᄐ۞ေᜢඨ੡ࠉ᧢ႈΔؓ݁گԵፖറᄐݾ๬੡۞᧢ႈ܂ಱូΔ

൓ࠩՀ٨ֱ࿓ڤ²Κ

۞ေᜢඨ = .474 × گԵ + 5.70 × റᄐݾ๬ + 72.2 + e, Ү² = .74

( β = .12 ) ( .77) ( N = 42)

ࠀאڼڤኙٺႈ៭ᄐ۞ေᜢඨऱቃྒྷଖΔ܂੡៭ᄐषᆖچۯऱਐᑑΔ৬ዌԱ៭ᄐ षᆖچۯၦ।Δᓮߠ। 1Ζڇၞԫޡऱಱូ։࣫խΔսאٺႈ៭ᄐ۞ေᜢඨ੡ࠉ

᧢ႈΔۖ۞᧢ႈڍףԵԱٺޢႈ៭ᄐ࠹๶ृ۞ေऱψሐᐚݮွωؓ݁ᑇΔ൓ࠩՀ

2 ӧҁࣴزᙍ཰ቫԛ଑ᘜϩ݋ޑٿঁБำԄύǴԏΕޑቹៜȐ͊ȑᗨ೿ڀჴ፦ཀကǴฅԶ೿҂

ӧᄍҔޑ಍ीԵᡍύၲᡉ๱Ȑp>.05ȑǴЬाёᘜӢܭኬҁჴӧϼλΑȐN=42ȑǹӧጰలႍ

کᘲੇྍޑࣴزύȐTsai & Chiu, 1991: 246ȑǴԏΕޑቹៜΨ೿όᡉ๱ǹԶҁࣴزޑ஑཰מೌ

ᆶၰቺ׎ຝϐቹៜǴӧλኬҁޑ௃ݩΠǴϝ೿ၲډᡉ๱ǴёᘜӢܭቹៜȐ͊ȑ೿ϼεΑǶό ၸӧҁࣴزᙍ཰ቫԛޑϩ݋ύǴёᇥς఼ᇂ܌Ԗᙍ཰଺ϩ݋Ǵኬҁ൩ࢂ҆ᡏǹӧኬҁ൩ࢂ҆

ᡏޑ௃ݩΠǴኬҁύᡂ໨ԖቹៜǴ൩ж߄҆ᡏύΨԖቹៜǴख़ाޑࢂቹៜϐჴ፦ཀကǴԶी

ᆉ p ॶբ಍ी௢ፕޑཀကՖӧǴϝԖࡑᙶమǶӧԜ଑ᘜϩ݋ޑ҅ЎύǴΨ൩όև౜ p ॶǴԶ

ࣺӧຏញύᇥܴ p ॶǴаٮ᠐ޣୖԵǶ

(13)

٨ֱ࿓ڤΚ

۞ေᜢඨ = .398 × گԵ + 3.76 × റᄐݾ๬ + .561 * ሐᐚݮွ + 28.2 + e , R² = .80

( β = .10 ) ( .51 ) ( .37 ) ( N = 42 )

אڼڤኙٺႈ៭ᄐᜢඨऱቃྒྷଖΔ܂੡៭ᄐᜢඨऱਐᑑΔ৬ዌԱ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ

।Δսᓮߠ। 1ΖՂ૪ऱ៭ᄐषᆖچۯΔאለࠠড়ᨠࢤऱၸᐋਐᑑψؓ݁گԵፖ റᄐݾ๬ω೚ૠጩΔױᎅਢለࠠড়ᨠࢤऱ៭ᄐၸᐋհྒྷၦΙۖ៭ᄐᜢඨΔԾ౏Ե Աለࠠ׌ᨠࢤΔۖ׊෡ࠠᐙ᥼ΰβ = .37αऱሐᐚݮွ೚ૠጩΔױᎅਢለࠠ׌ᨠࢤ ऱ៭ᄐၸᐋհྒྷၦΙۖڇᄗ࢚Ղ៭ᄐᜢඨࢬਐऱਢψ࠹༇ᄃ࿓৫ωΰᓐිርΕ្

௧ᄭΔ1989αΔ៭ᄐᜢඨऱૠጩءᅝ౏Ե׌ᨠࢤऱሐᐚݮွΖຍႈ៭ᄐᜢඨऱਐ ᑑΰቃྒྷଖαΔፖࠉ᧢ႈ۞ေᜢඨΔܛޢႈ៭ᄐ࠹๶ृψ۞ေՠ܂࠹༇ᄃ࿓৫ω ऱؓ݁ᑇΔઌᣂឈ೏ΰr = .89αΔլመսڶլٵΙ،ਢ௅ᖕگԵΕറᄐࢤፖሐᐚ ݮွΔຍࠄᐙ᥼ڂై܂ං۷Δۖլਢ׽ࠉٺ៭ᄐ࠹๶ृψ۞ᎁ࠹༇ᄃωΔ༉ᎁࡳ

ਢ،ଚਢ೏ᜢඨ៭ᄐΔᅝޓ౨֘ਠנٺ៭ᄐऱኔᎾψ࠹༇ᄃ࿓৫ωࢨᜢඨΙۖڤ խᎄ஁ႈΰeαऱࠐᄭΔᅝץਔ࠹๶ृ೏۷ࢨ܅۷۞ա៭ᄐψ࠹༇ᄃ࿓৫ωऱྒྷၦ ᎄ஁Δ౨ᇞᤩ 20%ऱ᧢ฆΙشቃྒྷଖז।៭ᄐᜢඨΔឈهൾԱ 20%ऱ᧢ฆΔլመ ࢬهऱץਔྒྷၦᎄ஁Δৰױ౨ڂۖޓ౨ז।ኔᎾऱ៭ᄐᜢඨΙۖᙟ৵ऱ։࣫ΔՈ ലᢞኔຍࠄᓵរΖ

དྷăາᖚຽᓏ୕ăۤགྷгҜณܑᄃ׎΁ณܑ̝

ͧྵ

ൕ। 1 ױ઎ࠩΔڇᆖመࠓᣊ৵ࢬ൓ࠩऱ 42 ႈ՛ᣊ៭ᄐխΔψՕറඒஃፖઔߒ Գ୉ωऱᜢඨΰ89.8 ։αፖषᆖچۯΰ87.9αຟਢ່೏Δױូڂ࣍הଚऱԿႈറ ᄐݾ๬ਐᑑΔא֗ሐᐚݮွຟ່೏ΔگԵՈৰ೏ ΰױ೶ॵᙕԲαΙຍፖഏփመװ

๺ڍ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।ࢬ᧩قψՕᖂඒ඄೏೏ڇՂωऱ෼ွΰ֮ശԫΕ്ᖠਞΔ1979Ι ۶֖ᔕΕኣإݛΔ1969Ιࣥ堚ۂΔ1971Δ1981ΙᓐිርΕኣإݛΕ႓Օ੊Δ1986Ι

្௧ᄭΔ1985ΙTsai & Chiu, 1991αΔ᧩൓ৰԫીΖψխ՛ᖂඒஃωऱᜢඨΰ82.6α ፖषᆖچۯΰ81.1αՈຟৰ೏Δ௽ܑਢ៭ᄐᜢඨΙೈԱױូ࣍ψኔᎾωፖψՠ܂

(14)

ࢬႊωඒߛڣᑇለ೏հ؆Δሐᐚݮွৰ೏ΔՈਢૹ૞଺ڂΖ ے1! Ⴣដϴ੢๳ᕛ๾ᒐଖჄڥ༄ϴѝුے

ᖚ! ຽ! ᙷ! Ҿ! O! ᖚຽᓏ୕! ۤགྷгҜ ̣ඈۤགྷгҜ!

1.Ε๎̈́ےăїއ̺႓ăό๾̺႓̅༄୩ʡࢷ

ႄ׌ፖ᜔ᆖ෻

׌ጥΕீ९Εاრז।

24 72

80.8 83.8

83.3 81.4

ն ն ն 2.ટ๾ʡࢷ

ՕറඒஃፖઔߒԳ୉

խ՛ᖂΰᖂছ௽ඒαඒஃ

᠔ஃΕऄ৳റᄐԳ୉ΰ᥆೏ᐋറᄐԳ୉α

፿֮Ε֮ढጥ෻Εᢌ๬ΕୡᑗΕࡲඒറᄐԳ୉ΰ᥆ ᢌ֮റᄐԳ୉α

ᢐஃΕᥨՓΕܗขՓΕᥨ෻ஃΰ᥆᠔᛭റᄐԳ୉α ᄎૠஃ֗೸ᖂറᄐԳ୉

ՠ࿓ஃ

7 96

8 12

29 8 23

89.8 82.6 87.3 77.7

78.4 85.1 82.0

87.9 81.1 86.0 80.0

79.1 85.1 83.2

ն ն ն ն ն ն ն ն 3.Ӭ௚ࢷ̅҅୩ટ๾ʡࢷ

ܗඒΕઔߒܗ෻Δᇖ฾ఄΕಝᒭఄඒஃΰ᥆ඒߛ ᖂ๬תറᄐԳ୉α

ऄ৳Ε۩ਙתറᄐܗ෻

षՠ୉Ε᎖ᖄ୉ΔࡲඒתറᄐԳ୉

ᢌ๬ΕୡᑗתറᄐԳ୉

᠔᛭Εልᄐسढݾ๬୉Δሎ೯תറᄐԳ୉ΰ᥆س ढ᠔᛭תറᄐԳ୉α

ᄎૠΕૠጩתറᄐܗ෻

೸ᄐתറᄐࣚ೭Գ୉

ՠ࿓Ε౰़Ε౰௧ݾ๬୉

ᙄֆ৛጑ᅮ

22

13 9 20 28

28 235

85 110

80.6

82.1 75.0 74.7 78.1

79.1 76.0 78.9 80.2

78.4

80.1 74.5 78.1 77.5

78.8 77.2 80.1 81.9

؄ ؄

؄ ؄ 4.ձਜ਼ˎѰʡࢷ

ᙄֆ৛ࠃ೭ࢤՠ܂

᥽ড়ࣚ೭ࠃ೭ࢤՠ܂Εளሎࣚ೭س ᄎૠࠃ೭

נ౏ࠃ೭

213 43 120

50

76.6 70.0 75.6 75.1

76.5 74.3 76.0 76.7

Կ Կ Կ Կ Կ 5.وਜ਼ˎѰʡࢷ̅ੵ௲ࢷ

塊堬ࣚ೭سΕ୮ࠃጥ෻୉

ᐓஃ ෻୲ᖞᑥΕଡԳᅃ᥽

অڜՠ܂

೸ࢋഇຄ

ࡐࡳᦝກፖؑ໱ഇຄ

24 71 55 39 173

66

66.6 72.4 76.0 79.0 73.1 67.7

66.8 68.9 73.1 76.9 71.8 67.3

Բ Բ Բ Բ Բ Բ Բ

(15)

6.ཻăٓăၣăڏˎѰʡࢷ ልࣥडՠ܂Գ୉

ድا 258

48

68.6 64.7

66.0 65.9

ԫ ԫ ԫ 7.Ӭ௚ˎ̅ФᘰˎѰʡࢷ

ᛜ৬ආ᣼ݾ๬ՠ ८᥆ᖲඳݾ๬ՠ

ࠡהݾ๬ՠ

202 208 168

72.7 74.7 71.6

72.0 74.2 71.1

Բ Բ Բ Բ 8.ጠଡ௩రጇѰˎ̅஢ཆˎ

߫ᔖਮᕍ֗ฝሎΕልᖲᖙ܂תݾ๬ՠ ՠᄐᖙ܂תݾ๬ՠ

ิᇘתݾ๬ՠ

145 120 155

70.0 70.6 70.3

70.7 70.8 69.4

Բ Բ Բ Բ 9.ۨӬ௚ˎ̅᝝ʨˎ

ՠ֖Ε՛ࡢ

઎ጥ ഇຄ՛ກ

堚ᑥՠ سข᧯Ժॺݾ๬ՠ ჺಬॺݾ๬ՠ

17 14 21 45 100

37

65.1 69.9 63.6 66.2 64.1 67.1

66.1 71.0 65.7 64.5 64.6 69.6

ԫ ԫ ԫ ԫ ԫ ԫ ԫ ፖՕറඒஃٵ᥆೏ᐋറᄐԳ୉ऱψ᠔ஃΕऄ৳റᄐԳ୉ΰڕ৳ஃፖऄࡴαω

ऱᜢඨΰ87.3αፖषᆖچۯΰ86.0αΔঞຟ೏ࡺรԲΙፖψՕറඒஃፖઔߒԳʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

୉ωԫᑌΔຟױូڂ࣍റᄐݾ๬ΔگԵፖሐᐚݮွຟৰ೏Ιլመהଚऱറᄐݾ๬

ਐᑑΔڕኔᎾࢨՠ܂ࢬႊඒߛΔຟլڕψՕറඒஃፖઔߒԳ୉ωΔՈ༉׽ࡺรԲΖ

ྥۖהଚऱ೏៭ᄐᜢඨΔឈፖഏ؆ऱၦ।᧩൓ৰԫીΰNakao & Treas, 1994;

Treiman, 1977αΔፖছ૪ഏփऱၦ।ઌለΔথڶೣ೏ऱ෼ွΙءઔߒ৬ዌၦ।ழΔ

הଚऱᑌء֜՛Δ۞ေऱψሐᐚݮွω݁ᑇױ౨ೣ೏ΰߠॵᙕԲαΔطሐᐚݮွ

࿛᧢ႈףᦞۖࠐऱ៭ᄐᜢඨΔױ౨Ո༉ڂۖೣ೏Ζྤᓵڕ۶Δהଚऱ៭ᄐᜢඨ೏

࣍՛ᖂ۔ஃࢬ᥆ऱψխ՛ᖂඒஃωΔսፖءᆏছ૪ऱഏփՕڍᑇऱၦ।ԫીΔۖ

׽ፖᓐිርࡉ្௧ᄭऱᜢඨၦ।ڶࠄլٵΰTsai & Chiu,1991: 239αΖ

༉ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ᖞ᧯ۖߢΔٺ՛ᣊ៭ᄐऱᜢඨፖषᆖچۯՕຟ ৰ൷२ΔࠟृઌᣂՈ༉೏ሒ .9550ΰױ೶। 2αΙۖ׊ٺ៭ᄐڇࠟृऱඈݧΔՈຟ Օીፖছ૪ഏփ؆ၦ।᧩൓ৰԫીΖ༉। 1 Ղऱԫ։ۯՕᣊ៭ᄐ೚ֺለΔڇն࿛

षᆖچۯຟਢնΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1997αΔۖچۯ່೏ऱψاრז।Ε۩ਙ׌ጥΕٞᄐ

׌ጥ֗ᆖ෻Գ୉ωፖψറᄐԳ୉ωփऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯΔՕຟ၌መ 80Δ

(16)

ֺࠡהՕᣊփऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐ೏נ๺ڍΙ׽ڶψᢐஃΕᥨՓΕܗขՓΕᥨ෻ஃωࠟႈ

։ᑇຟլࠩ 80Δ࢓࢓ֺլՂषᆖچۯ੡؄ऱψݾ๬୉֗ܗ෻റᄐԳ୉ωփऱ՛ᣊ

៭ᄐΔױូڂ࣍הଚऱറᄐݾ๬ΔگԵፖሐᐚݮွຟլ೏Δ࢓࢓ᝫֺլՂຍࠄ՛

ᣊ៭ᄐΖۖψ׌ጥΕீ९Εاრז।ωऱषᆖچۯឈ೏ΰ81.4αΔথսฃ܅࣍ψݾ

๬୉֗ܗ෻റᄐԳ୉ωփऱψᙄֆ৛጑ᅮωΰ81.9αΔױូڂ࣍ছृխڶ๺ڍ੡

ॺػᏆՠ܂ृΔܛ। 1 Ղऱ 5Ё9 Օᣊ៭ᄐृհ׌ጥΔኔᎾࢨՠ܂ࢬႊඒߛຟլڕ ጥ෻ػᏆՠ܂ृऱψᙄֆ৛጑ᅮωΖ

ൕ। 1 ױࣔ᧩઎ࠩΚڇषᆖچۯ࿛్ለ೏ऱՕᣊ៭ᄐΔࠏڕψاრז।Ε۩

ਙ׌ጥΕٞᄐ׌ጥ֗ᆖ෻Գ୉ωፖψറᄐԳ୉ωփऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯΔ

ೈԱ֟ᑇֺլՂ࿛్ለ܅ऱՕᣊ៭ᄐΔࠏڕψݾ๬୉֗ܗ෻റᄐԳ୉ωփऱ՛ᣊ

៭ᄐհ؆Δৰࣔ᧩ڶψՕᣊ៭ᄐऱ࿛్ყ೏Δࢬץܶऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯ Ոყ೏ωऱ෼ွΖषᆖچۯ࿛్੡Կऱψࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉ωփऱ؄ႈ՛ᣊ៭ᄐΔᜢ ඨፖषᆖچۯຟৰ൷२Ιषᆖچۯ່܅ 74.3Δ່೏ 76.7ΔՕຟ܅࣍࿛్ለ೏հՕ ᣊ៭ᄐխऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐΔ೏࣍࿛్ለ܅հՕᣊ៭ᄐխऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐΖ࿛్ٵ੡Բऱψࣚ

೭ՠ܂Գ୉֗ഇຄ୉ωΕψݾ๬ՠ֗ڶᣂՠ܂Գ୉ωፖψᖲඳ๻ໂᖙ܂ՠ֗ิᇘ ՠωԿՕᣊ៭ᄐΔࢬץܶ՛ᣊ៭ᄐΔՈڶᣊۿऱ෼ွΖ࿛్ٵ੡ԫऱψልΕࣥΕ ድΕडՠ܂Գ୉ωፖψॺݾ๬ՠ֗᧯ԺՠωΔࢬץܶऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐհࠟႈ։ᑇΔ༓

׏٤ຝ܅࣍ 70Δא֗ࢬڶࠡהՕᣊփऱ՛ᣊ៭ᄐհ։ᑇΖ

ڇՂ૪ψՕᣊ៭ᄐ࿛్ყ೏Δࢬץܶ՛ᣊ៭ᄐऱࠟႈ։ᑇՈყ೏ωΔא֗ψ࿛

్ઌٵऱՕᣊ៭ᄐΔࢬץܶ՛ᣊ៭ᄐऱ։ᑇ࢓࢓ৰ൷२ωհൣउՀΔৰษฃऱն

࿛षᆖچۯፖ՛ᣊ៭ᄐᜢඨऱઌᣂՈ༉೏ሒ .8839Δፖ՛ᣊ៭ᄐषᆖچۯऱઌᣂ ޓਢ೏ሒ .9281ΰߠ। 2αΖ

אՂψࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉ωڇ׌ૠ๠ΰ1987α៱։ᣊխΔ᥆࣍ψ጑ᅮ۸෻Գ୉ωΙ ڇᖞ᧯ᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ઌᣂΰ.9550αৰ೏ऱൣउՀΔψࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉ωխऱ

՛ᣊ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯՕຟৰ൷२Δࠀຟፖषᆖچۯ࿛్່೏ΰնαऱ៭ᄐ஁

၏ለ᎛Δፖषᆖ࿛్੡Բऱψݾ๬ՠ֗ڶᣂՠ܂Գ୉ω஁၏ለ२Ιࠀ޲ڶᓐිር ࡉ្௧ᄭၦ।ࢬ᧩قψ጑ᅮ۸෻ڇषᆖچۯၦ।Ղೣ೏Δڇᜢඨၦ।Ղೣ܅ωհ

ࣔ᧩෼ွΙψࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉ωऱኔᎾፖࢬᏁඒߛڣᑇΔຟ೏נψݾ๬ՠ֗ڶᣂՠ

(17)

܂Գ୉ω๺ڍΔۖᄅषᆖچۯࠀ޲೏ڍ֟Δࠀॺ֮᣸ᛀಘխࢬංྒྷऱψࢬᏁ૞ऱ ඒߛֽᄷωࠀլ೏ࢬીΔۖױូڂ࣍ψՠ܂ࢬᏁڣᇷፖگԵω࢓࢓ຟֺլՂ৵ृΔ ຍᅝՈ֘ਠנኔᎾ෼ွΖ

ጵٽאՂऱᎅࣔΔױवᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ऱ৬ዌֱऄΔឈྥࡉመװ ઔߒऱֱऄڶࢬլٵΔྥۖၦ।Ղٺ៭ᄐ൓։ऱ೏܅Δլ܀઎ࠐٽ෻ΔՈፖছ૪

๺ڍၦ।᧩൓ৰԫીΖۖ׊ছ૪๺ڍᜢඨၦ।Δࢬေࡳऱ៭ᄐᜢඨࠀլ౨ො።ࢬ ڶऱ៭ᄐΔڕ្௧ᄭΰ1985α׽ൕฒڍ៭ᄐխ࠷ᑌΔေࡳ 29 ႈ៭ᄐΙ౨ො።ࢬڶ

៭ᄐऱᜢඨၦ।ΔೈԱ Treiman ऱ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।հ؆Δચڶءઔߒࢬ৬ዌऱᄅᜢ ඨၦ।ΔຍՈਢءઔߒᄅᜢඨၦ।ऱᚌរΖءᆏאՀঞ௅ᖕ᧢ႈለᏘ٤ऱ९࠴ᇷ றΔၞ۩ଡԳᐋڻऱ։࣫Ι׌૞ಾኙຟ౨ො።ࢬڶ៭ᄐऱءઔߒᄅᜢඨፖषᆖچ ۯၦ।Δৰษฃऱն࿛៭ᄐषᆖچۯྒྷၦΔא֗։ᣊΕྒྷၦለาऱ Treiman Կ։

ۯ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।೚ઌᣂΰrα։࣫³Δޓড়ᨠΕࠠ᧯چေ۷ٺ៭ᄐྒྷၦၴऱԫીࢤΖ ൕ। 2 ױ઎ࠩΔTreiman Կ։ۯᜢඨΕն࿛षᆖچۯΕᄅषᆖچۯΕᄅᜢඨ ၦ।ፖ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨհၴऱઌᣂΔאٵᑌਢ௅ᖕψषᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊω೚ྒྷၦ ऱն࿛षᆖچۯΕᄅषᆖچۯፖᄅᜢඨၦ।հၴऱઌᣂ່೏Δ່܅Ոڶ .8839Ζ௅

ᖕ۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1987α៱։ᣊ೚ྒྷၦऱ Treiman Կ։ۯᜢඨΔፖছ૪Կႈྒྷၦ ઌᣂຟլ೏Δ່೏Ոլመ .7426Ζ۟࣍۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨΔፖ Treiman Կ։ۯᜢඨऱઌ ᣂႛ .6564Δ੡ࢬڶઌᣂխ່܅ृΙ،ፖն࿛षᆖچۯΕᄅषᆖچۯፖᄅᜢඨၦ।

ၴऱઌᣂΔᖞ᧯ۖߢՈլ೏Δࠡխፖٵᑌ᥆׌ᨠࢤྒྷၦऱᄅᜢඨၦ।ၴઌᣂ່೏

ΰ.8723αΖਝྥլٵၦ।ၴऱઌᣂլԫࡳৰ೏Δྒྷၦ঴ᔆױ౨Ո༉ڶࢬլٵΙڇ ՀԫᆏխΔঞၞԫޡኙ࣍ٺၦ।ၞ۩৬ዌய৫։࣫Δޓড়ᨠΕ෡Եچေ۷ᄅၦ।

ऱྒྷၦ঴ᔆΖ

3 ΟයΟԛᆵ᡼Ӧ୔ޗ཮ᡂᎂፓࢗ໘ቫಔߏǵอٿҽୢڔޑᙍ཰ፓࢗǴ೿ӕਔ௦ҔЬीೀᙑϩ ᜪᆶޗ཮ᡂᎂཥϩᜪǴҔ೭ٿ໨ϩᜪٰ๏܌Ԗᙍ཰଺ϩᜪǹԶёӧᙑϩᜪޑ୷ᘵ΢ၮҔ

Treiman ໆ߄Ǵӧޗ཮ᡂᎂཥϩᜪޑ୷ᘵ΢ၮҔϖ฻ޗ࿶ӦՏǵཥᖂఈᆶޗ࿶ӦՏໆ߄Ǵӕ

ਔ๏ᆶ܌Ԗᙍ཰೭٤όӕޑෳໆǶฅԶࣁΑᆶΠ΋࿯ޑϩ݋΋ठǴҁ࿯ѝᒧڗߏڔၗ਑

ȐN=2596ȑ଺ϩ݋ǹόၸߏڔޑኬҁς࿶ࡐεΑǴӧҁࣴزӝٳߏǵอڔၗ਑܌଺ޑ຾΋

؁ϩ݋ύǴΨ൩όׯҁ࿯চԖޑว౜Ƕ

(18)

ے2! Ϩ෶ᕛ๾ഁු෢˞ߺᘰ۽ᆵےĞrğ Usfjnbo!

ʭ˷ѝᒐଖ

ˤ൉ᕛ๾!

ڥ༄ϴѝ! ๳ᕛ๾ڥ༄ϴѝ ๳ᕛ๾ᒐଖ! ьඟᕛ๾

ᒐଖ!

Treiman

Կ։ۯᜢඨ 1.0000 0.7426* 0.7333* 0.6972* 0.6564*

ն࿛៭ᄐ

षᆖچۯ 1.0000 0.9281* 0.8839* 0.7567*

ᄅ៭ᄐ

षᆖچۯ 1.0000 0.9550* 0.8238*

ᄅ៭ᄐ

ᜢඨ 1.0000 0.8723*

۞ေ៭ᄐ

ᜢඨ 1.0000

ᎅࣔΚ*। p < .05Ι௅ᖕ९࠴ᇷற೚։࣫Δ N = 1933Ζ

Ёăາᖚຽᓏ୕ᄃۤགྷгҜณܑ۞ޙၹड़ޘĈ

࣎ˠᆸѨ۞̶ژ

ط࣍ءઔߒ৬ዌᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ऱֱऄΔፖመװઔߒऱֱऄڶࢬ լٵΔۖױ౨ᄎᨃڶࠄา֨ऱᦰृტࠩᔆጊΖءઔߒڇ৬ዌנᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖ چۯၦ।հ৵ΔՈ༉ڶؘ૞ေ۷ຍࠄၦ।ऱ৬ዌய৫Δࢬ։࣫ऱᇷறঞਢ᧢ႈለ Ꮨ٤ऱψԿཚԿڻፕ᨜چ೴षᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ၸᐋิω९࠴ᇷறΖءઔߒऱᄅ៭ᄐष ᆖچۯፖᜢඨհ৬ዌய৫Δױش। 3 ऱઌᣂএᑇΰrα೚ေ۷Ιԫଡࠠڶ৬ዌய৫ ऱ៭ᄐྒྷၦΔፖڇ෻ᓵՂڶയ֊ᣂᜤऱ᧢ႈΔڇኔᢞ։࣫ᅝ౨ܧ᧩נৰ堚ᄑऱᣂ ᜤࢤΰCarmines & Zeller, 1979: 22-24αΖ༉෻ᓵۖߢΔଡԳऱ៭ᄐၸᐋፖඒߛΕ گԵΕၸ్ᎁٵ֗ՠ܂የრ৫ຟࠠڶإઌᣂΔۖߊࢤ៭ᄐၸᐋ೏࣍Ֆࢤΰ႓ᑞݳΔ 2002Ι്ẺႆΔ1987Κ66ΙBecker, 1975ΙBlau & Duncan, 1967ΙCollins, 1971Ι Davis & Moore, 1945ΙJencks & Rainwater, 1988ΙSewell & Hauser, 1975αΖࠠڶ ৬ዌய৫ऱྒྷၦΔᅝྥ౨ৰ堚ᄑچܧ෼נ៭ᄐፖՂ૪ඒߛ࿛᧢ႈऱᣂᜤࢤΖءઔ ߒܛ௅ᖕᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯΕᜢඨፖࠡה៭ᄐྒྷၦΔࡉኔᎾඒߛڣᑇ࿛᧢ႈհઌᣂ

(19)

এᑇΔࠐ։࣫ፖֺለຍࠄլٵ៭ᄐྒྷၦऱ৬ዌய৫⁴Ζ۟࣍ຍࠄ᧢ႈऱྒྷၦΔՕຟ բڇছ૿೚መᎅࣔΔڇڼؘႊڍ೚ᎅࣔऱਢΚ

ԫΕၸ్ᎁٵΚאം࠴Ղऱᠲؾψ೗ڕނषᄎՂࢬڶऱԳ։ګՂᐋΕխՂᐋΕ խᐋΕխՀᐋࡉՀᐋၸ్Δ൞ᎁ੡൞᥆࣍߷ଡၸ్Λω೚ྒྷၦΔࠀאڃ࿠Ղᐋृ

੡ 5ΔխՂᐋ 4Δխᐋ 3ΔխՀᐋ 2ΔՀᐋ 1Δᑇଖყ೏ז।ၸ్ᎁٵყ೏ΰױ೶

९࠴ 87 ᠲαΖ

ԲΕՠ܂የრ৫Κאψᓮം൞໛ᦟ൞ऱՠ܂ႯΛڕ࣠ൕ 0Ё100 ։Δ60 ։ਢ

֗௑ऱᇩΔ൞ᄎ੡൞۞աऱՠ܂ؚ༓։Λ______։Λω೚ྒྷၦΰ61 ᠲαΖ ൕ। 3 ױ઎ࠩΔᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯፖඒߛڣᑇΕՠ܂گԵΕၸ్ᎁٵ࿛ၸᐋ᧢

ႈΔא֗ՠ܂የრ৫ऱઌᣂΔຟֺ Treiman Կ։ۯᜢඨΕն࿛៭ᄐषᆖچۯΕᄅ

4 Ԗ٤ಒЈޑ᠐ޣёૈ཮ჹҁЎӸԖΠӈ፦ᅪǺҁࣴزό၀аࡌᄬཥᙍ཰ᖂఈᆶޗ࿶ӦՏໆ߄

܌ਥᏵޑ೽ϩࡰ኱Ǵ೭хࡴঁΓჴሞ௲ػԃኧǵπբԏΕǴᆶཥᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑ࣬ᜢǴٰຑ՗ཥ ᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑਏࡋǶฅԶऩ٩ Blau ᆶ Duncan (1967:25)Ǵჹܭдॺϩ݋Ȩҗ௲ػǵԏΕу៾Զ

ٰޑᙍ཰ޗ࿶ӦՏᆶঁΓჴሞ௲ػԃኧϐᜢᖄ܄ȩ܌଺ޑᇥܴǺᙍ཰ޗ࿶ӦՏޑीᆉǴࢂள Ծᙍ཰ቫԛϐϩ݋ǴҗӚᙍ཰ޑ௲ػᆶԏΕНྗу៾ԶٰǴᆶளԾঁΓቫԛϐঁΓ௲ػԃኧ ቫԛόӕǴӵԜޑᜢᖄ܄ϩ݋Ǵ٠ؒԖᡂ໨ख़ፄޑୢᚒǹԶ Hauser ᆶ Featherman(1977: 3-50)Ǵ Ψࢂа Duncan ޑᙍ཰ޗ࿶ӦՏᆶঁΓ௲ػޑ࣬ᜢǴٰຑۓԜᙍ཰ޗ࿶ӦՏޑෳໆࠔ፦Ƕҁ

ࣴزޑཥᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑीᆉǴΨளԾᙍ཰ቫԛϐϩ݋ǴᆶளԾঁΓቫԛϐ௲ػԃኧǵπբԏΕ ቫԛόӕǴჹԜόӕቫԛᡂ໨ीᆉ࣬ᜢǴϝࢂӝ౛ޑǶ!

ջ٬Ԗ٤᠐ޣϝόӕཀ฽ޣ΢ॊޑᇥܴǴᆶҁࣴز΢ॊ࣬ᜢϩ݋ޑ่݀Ǻჴሞ௲ػԃኧǵπ բԏΕᆶཥᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑ࣬ᜢǴଯܭᆶځдᙍ཰ෳໆޑ࣬ᜢǴԶᡉҢཥໆ߄ਏࡋၨଯǹฅԶ໘ ભᇡӕǵπբᅈཀࡋᆶཥᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑ࣬ᜢǴᗋࢂଯܭᆶځдᙍ཰ෳໆޑ࣬ᜢǴϝᡉҢཥໆ߄ ਏࡋၨଯǶҁࣴز٠මӧ຾΋؁ޑ΋ೱՍӭϡ଑ᘜϩ݋ύǴ௓ڋΑрғԃԛǵৎ৥ङඳǵ௼

ဂǾǾ฻ᡂ໨Ǵϩ݋Ӛ໨ᙍ཰ෳໆᆶ΢ॊ௲ػԃኧ฻ᡂ໨ޑᜢᖄ܄Ȑ߄ౣȑǴа຾΋؁ຑ՗

ࡌᄬਏࡋǴϝόׯ҅Ўύ࣬ᜢϩ݋Ȑrȑޑ่ፕǶ

ӆ൩ҁࣴزࡌᄬਏࡋޑϩ݋ൂՏԶقǴҗܭ௦Ҕᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑࣴزεӭឦܭঁΓቫԛޑϩ݋Ǵ ӵ௲ػᐒ཮֡฻܄ࣴزȐBlau & Duncan, 1967ǹConley,2001ǹDumais,2002ȑǹҁࣴزΨ൩ᆶ

Hauserᆶ FeathermanȐ1977: 3-50ȑ΋ኬǴаঁΓࣁϩ݋ൂՏǶԶҔٰຑ՗ཥᙍ཰ໆ߄ਏࡋ

ޑȨᆶᙍ཰ӧ౛ፕ΢ԖஏϪᜢᖄϐᡂ໨ȩǴ೭хࡴ௲ػԃኧǵπբԏΕǵ໘ભᇡӕᆶπբᅈ ཀࡋǴΨ೿Ԗؼӳޑෳໆࠔ፦Ȑ໳ኾדǴ2002ȑǴёҔٰຑ՗ཥᙍ཰ໆ߄ޑࡌᄬਏࡋǶ

(20)

៭ᄐᜢඨऱઌᣂ૞೏Δ௽ܑਢֺ Treiman Կ։ۯᜢඨ೏נ๺ڍΔױᎅ৬ዌய৫່

ࠋΙഄԫࠏ؆ਢΔլ᥆࣍ၸᐋ᧢ႈऱψՠ܂የრ৫ωፖᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨऱઌᣂΰ.2854αΔ

ֺᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯऱઌᣂΰ.2827α೏נԫࠄΙᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖ᥆࣍ၸᐋ᧢ႈऱඒߛ ڣᑇΕՠ܂گԵհઌᣂΔՈຟႛڻ࣍ᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯΔۖ৬ዌய৫Ո༉ࡺڻΖ

ྥۖᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯΕᜢඨፖՂ૪ඒߛڣᑇ࿛؄ଡ᧢ႈऱᖞ᧯ઌᣂΔࠀ޲ֺ

ษฃऱն࿛៭ᄐषᆖچۯ೏נ֜ڍΙഗءՂΔڇࠠڶ೏৫ၸᐋ೴ᙃԺऱषᄎ᧢ᔢ ԫ։ۯᄅ៭ᄐՕ։ᣊഗ៕ՂΔຍႈն࿛ྒྷၦΔլ܀ፖาᒯऱᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯፖᜢ ඨऱઌᣂৰ೏ΰ.9281 ፖ 8839αΔፖඒߛ࿛᧢ႈऱઌᣂՈৰ೏Δ׊ຟ೏መ Treiman Կ։ۯᜢඨΔۖ౨ઌᅝڶயچྒྷנၸᐋ೏܅Ζ۟࣍۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨፖඒߛڣᑇ࿛؄

ଡ᧢ႈऱઌᣂΔ༓׏ຟֺࠡה៭ᄐྒྷၦ੡܅Δۖ׊ຟ܅࣍ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨΙᄅ៭ᄐᜢ ඨ௅ᖕگԵΕറᄐࢤፖሐᐚݮွ܂ං۷Δۖլਢ׽ࠉٺ៭ᄐ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨࠐᎁࡳΔ Ո༉ޓࠠய৫Ζ

լመൕ। 3 Ոױ઎ࠩΔՖࢤऱն࿛षᆖچۯথ᧩ထ೏࣍ߊࢤΰp < .05αΔՖ ࢤڇࠡה៭ᄐྒྷၦՂՈຟ೏࣍ߊࢤΔྥۖຟآሒ᧩ထΔࠡխፖᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯऱ ઌᣂ່܅ΰ.0085αΙٺႈ៭ᄐྒྷၦຟլ౨֘ਠנՖࢤऱ٭ႨΔຍᅝױូڂ࣍ຍࠄ

៭ᄐၦ।Δኙ࣍ٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑխऱ๺ڍՠ܂ڶړڶᡏΔຟ׽౨࿯ፖٵᑌऱ៭ᄐ։

ᑇΔۖྤऄ᧩قנڇٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑփΔፖߊࢤઌለΔՖࢤ࢓࢓ᖜٚለլړՠ܂ऱ

٭ႨΰJencks & Rainwater, 1988αΖڇຍࠄྒྷၦխΔն࿛षᆖچۯࢬࠉᖕऱ៭ᄐ։

ᣊ່ษΔٵԫ៭ᄐᣊܑփො።ऱՠ܂ړᡏױ౨ڶ່Օऱ஁၏Δথຟચ౨࿯ٵᑌऱ

։ᑇΰ࿛్αΔڇٵԫ։ᑇऱ៭ᄐփՖࢤऱ٭Ⴈױ౨່ՕΔথྤऄ֘ਠנࠐ⁵Ιۖ

ڇڼษ։ᣊխΔፖߊࢤઌለΔՖࢤڇ࿛్੡Կऱψࠃ೭ՠ܂Գ୉ωֺ෷ೣ೏๺ڍΔ ڇ࿛్੡Բऱψݾ๬ՠ֗ڶᣂՠ܂Գ୉ωֺ෷ೣ܅๺ڍΰ।ฃαΔՈ༉ທګՖࢤ ऱն࿛षᆖچۯ᧩ထ೏࣍ߊࢤΖ

5 ຾΋؁ޑϩ݋ᡉҢǺջ٬تζޑ฻ભ࣬ӕǴت܄ޑλᜪཥᙍ཰ᖂఈᆶޗ࿶ӦՏ֡ኧǴϝ೿ଯ ܭζ܄Ȑ߄ౣȑǶ

(21)

ے 3! Ϩ෶ᕛ๾ഁුჄ଀ՉБᆵăˎѰНʣă෦঻ჯϣăˎѰ

ၖ๎ݙ˞ߺᘰ۽ᆵےĞrğ

˄ؒ ଀ՉБᆵ ˎѰНʣ ෦঻ჯϣ ˎѰၖ๎ݙ Treiman

Կ։ۯᜢඨ .0268 .5198* .3507* .3568* .2287*

ն࿛៭ᄐ

षᆖچۯ .0721* .6054* .3612* .4062* .2785*

ᄅ៭ᄐ

षᆖچۯ .0085 .6421* .3895* .4148* .2827*

ᄅ៭ᄐ

ᜢඨ .0115 .6056* .3727* .3981* .2854*

۞ေ៭ᄐ

ᜢඨ .0350 .4881* .3431* .3227* .2768*

ᎅࣔΚ*। p < .05Ι௅ᖕ९࠴ᇷற೚։࣫ΔN = 1715ΙࢤܑאՖࢤ੡ 1Δߊࢤ੡ 0Ζ

ౙăඕኢᄃ੅ኢ

ψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔۖ੡๺ڍᓳ਷ࢬආشΔྥۖ

،ഗءՂս᥆࣍ټؾ֡৫ΔڇሎشՂ༉࠹ࠩૻࠫΖءઔߒঞڇڼ։ᣊਮዌՂΔ৬ ዌྒྷၦለาᒯऱψፕ᨜چ೴ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ωΔאܓ࣍ၞԫޡऱอૠ

։࣫Ζឈྥءઔߒ৬ዌᄅၦ।ऱֱऄΔፖመװઔߒऱֱऄڶࢬլٵΔྥۖᄅၦ।

Ղٺ៭ᄐ൓։ऱ೏܅Δլ܀઎ࠐٽ෻ΔՈፖ๺ڍࠡהၦ।᧩൓ৰԫીΔࠀࠠڶߜ ړऱ৬ዌய৫Ζۖ׊٣ছ๺ڍഏփऱᜢඨၦ।Δࢬေࡳऱ៭ᄐᜢඨࠀլ౨ො።ࢬ ڶऱ៭ᄐΔۖءઔߒᄅᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।Δຟ౨ො።ࢬڶ៭ᄐ⁶Δץਔ๺ڍءՒ

6 Ԗ΋ঁٯѦࢂǺҁࣴزޑໆ߄٠఼ؒᇂैΓǶҁࣴزޑኬҁᗨࡐεȐN=4313ȑǴฅԶኬҁύ

౜ࣁדᜫאैΓޣǴ೭хࡴஒ۔ǵਠ۔ǵஐ۔ǵγ۔ᆶγծǴӅ 5 λᜪᙍ཰Ӛձޑኬҁኧ೿

ϼλΑǴᕴኧѝԖ 16 ΓǴΨ൩ᜤаᙖ๱ीᆉ೭٤λᜪᙍ཰ޑӚ໨πբ੝፦֡ኧǴٰ௢՗ᖂ ఈᆶޗ࿶ӦՏǶӢࣁޗ཮ᡂᎂፓࢗޑ҆ᡏǴҁٰ൩όх֖౜אैΓȐᘲੇྍǴ1995Ǻ19ȑǴ

(22)

ࢬൄߠऱ௽௘៭ᄐΔຍՈਢᄅၦ।ऱᚌរΖ۟࣍ԿཚԫڻፖԿཚԲڻषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ

਷ࢬආشऱ۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1992αᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊΰ្௧ᄭΔ1995Δ1996αΔᆖመࠓ ᣊ৵ױ᠏ངګषᄎ᧢ᔢᄅ։ᣊΰ႓ᑞݳΔ1998Κ36αΔՈױሎشᄅᜢඨፖषᆖچ ۯၦ।೚։࣫Ζ

٦༉ٺႈ៭ᄐྒྷၦፖଡԳඒߛڣᑇΕՠ܂گԵΕၸ్ᎁٵΕՠ܂የრ৫ऱઌ ᣂΰrαΔࢬ᧩قऱ৬ዌய৫೚ၞԫޡᎅࣔΖຍאᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯ່ࠋΔᄅ៭ᄐᜢ ඨฃ܅ۖࡺڻΙྥۖຍࠟႈᄅၦ।ፖඒߛڣᑇ࿛᧢ႈऱᖞ᧯ઌᣂΔࠀ޲ֺษฃऱ ն࿛៭ᄐषᆖچۯ೏נ֜ڍΙഗءՂΔڇࠠڶ೏৫ၸᐋ೴ᙃԺऱषᄎ᧢ᔢԫ։ۯ ᄅ៭ᄐՕ։ᣊഗ៕ՂΔຍႈն࿛ྒྷၦբ౨ઌᅝڶயچྒྷנၸᐋ೏܅Δፖඒߛ࿛᧢

ႈऱઌᣂᝫ೏መ Treiman Կ։ۯᜢඨၦ।Ιվ৵ऱඒߛषᄎᖂፖၸᐋ֏ઔߒΔڕ

៭ᄐੌ೯।ઔߒΔܛࠌආشຍႈԫ։ۯՕᣊ៭ᄐ։ᣊࢨն࿛षᆖچۯ։ᣊ೚։

࣫Δս౨ڶயچ։נၸᐋ೏܅ፖ։࣫ੌ೯ᑓڤΖլመᄅᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।Δࡉ

๺ڍ៭ᄐၦ।ԫᑌΔຟլ౨֘ਠנՖࢤऱ٭ႨΙࠉն࿛षᆖچۯ೚ྒྷၦΔ੷۟࣍

ᄎ൓ࠩՖࢤ೏࣍ߊࢤऱ࿇෼Ζڕ࣠૞ಾኙ༉ᄐؑ໱ՂऱߊՖՠ܂լؓ࿛೚ઔߒΔ ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।Δຟլਢ෻უऱྒྷၦΔն࿛षᆖچۯޓ஁Δۖڶৱၞ

ԫޡྒྷၦऱ࿇୶Ζ

۟࣍ᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।Δլ܀ࠟृऱઌᣂᄕ೏ΰ.9550αΔۖ৬ዌய ৫Ոৰ൷२Δվ৵ኙ࣍ආشψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊωၞ۩ᓳ਷ऱᇷற೚։࣫

ழΔᇠش۶ृ೚ྒྷၦΛຍ༉૞ီઔߒؾऱۖࡳΖڇ෻ᓵᄗ࢚ՂΔ៭ᄐᜢඨࢬז।

ऱਢٺႈ៭ᄐڇषᄎՂψԫ౳ࢤऱچۯࢨዊᥩωΔຍଡԫ౳ࢤچۯױץܶ๺ڍٻ ৫Δۖषᆖچۯਢࠡխৰૹ૞ऱԫຝ։Δΰ๺ቯᅏΔ1986ΙBlau & Duncan, 1967Ι ೭٤ैΓޑኬҁኧΨ൩ୃեǴԶ೏ೖୢډޑǴ۳۳ࢂೖ঩ೖୢਔখӳӧৎޣǴԶௗڙೖୢǶ җܭ೭٤ैΓჴӧϼϿΑǴԶЪҁٰ൩όӧ҆ᡏϣǴջ٬ؒஒдॺયΕϩ݋ǴΨό཮೷ԋୢ

ᚒǹฅԶӵ݀ࣴزޣ܌ा௖૸ޑࢂȨεഌӚ࣪ѱޣРᒃᙍ཰ޑቹៜȩǴ൩คݤᙖཥໆ߄ஒ೚

ӭРᒃࣁैΓޣયΕϩ݋Ƕ

όၸӧૈԖਏ୔ϩ໘ቫޑޗ཮ᡂᎂཥϩᜪϐϖ฻ޗ࿶ӦՏෳໆύǴדᜫאஒ۔ࣁ 5Ǵਠ۔ 4Ǵ ஐ۔ 3Ǵγ۔ 2Ǵγծ 1Ȑ໳ኾדǴ1998Ǻ28ȑǴϝёஒРᒃࣁैΓޣયΕϩ݋Ǵ௖૸Рᒃᙍ

཰ޑቹៜǶ

(23)

Hauser & Featherman, 1977ΙJencks, 1990αΖۖءઔߒऱᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯհྒྷၦΔ ৬مڇگԵፖറᄐݾ๬ՂΔਢለࠠড়ᨠࢤऱྒྷၦΙᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨऱྒྷၦΔڍො።Ա ৰૹ૞ऱሐᐚݮွհٻ৫Δਢለࠠ׌ᨠࢤऱྒྷၦΖڕ࣠௅ᖕ෻ᓵഗ៕Δઔߒृࢬ

૞ྒྷၦऱਢץܶሐᐚݮွڇփऱψ׌ᨠࢤԫ౳چۯωΔ༉ᅝشᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨΙڕ࣠

ࢬ૞ྒྷၦऱਢլܶሐᐚݮွڇփऱψড়ᨠၸᐋωΔ༉ᅝشᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯΙڕ࣠

ઔߒृྤऄ௅ᖕ෻ᓵެࡳ૞ྒྷऱਢψ׌ᨠࢤԫ౳چۯωࢨψড়ᨠၸᐋωΔ׽ਢუ

༼೏៭ᄐፖࠡהၸᐋ᧢ႈΔࠏڕଡԳඒߛڣᑇΕՠ܂گԵΕၸ్ᎁٵΞΞ࿛հઌ ᣂΔ༉ױشᄅ៭ᄐषᆖچۯΙฅຶ៭ᄐᜢඨࢬץܶऱ׌ᨠࢤٻ৫ΔڕሐᐚݮွΔ լԫࡳፖඒߛڣᑇ࿛ၸᐋ᧢ႈڶയ֊ऱإٻᣂᜤΰ।ฃαΔຍՈ༉૾܅Աᄅ៭ᄐ ᜢඨፖࠡהၸᐋ᧢ႈऱઌᣂΖ

ڇ৬ዌᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨၦ।ழΔءઔߒشಱូ։࣫ᢞኔԱΚڇፕ᨜ψሐᐚݮွ੡

ᐙ᥼៭ᄐᜢඨऱૹ૞ڂైωΔຍਢ٣ছઔߒࢬ֟ߠऱΙۖ堚ᄑچ᧩قΚፖࠡה៭

ᄐઌለΔፕ᨜ऱඒஃΔຍץਔՕᖂඒ඄ፖխ՛ᖂඒஃऱ៭ᄐᜢඨຟৰ೏ΔೈԱψኔ Ꮎωፖψՠ܂ࢬႊωඒߛڣᑇຟለ೏հ؆Δሐᐚݮွৰ೏ΔՈਢૹ૞଺ڂΙڇ༇

ஃૹሐऱءՒ௽௘ႚอ֮֏ՀΔፕ᨜ऱඒஃΔຍץਔՕᖂඒ඄ፖխ՛ᖂඒஃऱሐ ݮွৰ೏ΰ۶֖ᔕΕኣإݛΔ1969Ιຫ৊䍾Δ1993Κ288αΔৰױ౨Ոᖄીψፖ۫

ֱषᄎઌለΔፕ᨜ඒஃ៭ᄐᜢඨೣ೏ऱ෼ွωΰຫ৊䍾Δ1993Κ292ΙNakao & Treas, 1994: 45-48αΖ

ءઔߒऱᄅ៭ᄐᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ࡐྥڶ๺ڍᚌរΔլመՈ࠹ࠩԫࠄૻ

ࠫΔ௽ܑਢڇ৬ዌၦ।ழΔࢬ౨։࣫ऱᑌءᝫլജՕΔ៭ᄐ։ᣊᝫլജาᒯΖޓ 壄ᒯऱၦ।հ৬ዌΔᝫڶՀ٨ࠟរΔڶৱآࠐઔߒ೚ܘԺΚ

ʙăळጃĶ֧௤ڱဇؚϖᒞᕛ๾ڟᒐଖੈඟסķݚγ๳ᕛ๾

ුے!

ڇᇷற࠹ૻऱൣउՀΔءઔߒ௅ᖕ࠹๶ृ۞ေ៭ᄐᜢඨհଥإଖΔ৬م៭ᄐ ᜢඨፖषᆖچۯၦ।ΔፖႚอऱઔߒֱऄڶࢬլٵΙྥۖၦ।Ղٺ៭ᄐ൓։ऱ೏

܅Δլ܀઎ࠐٽ෻Εፖࠡהၦ।ԫીΔࠀڶߜړய৫Ζຍࢨ๺ױᎅΚءઔߒ৬م ၦ।ऱֱऄࠠڶ໌ᄅࢤΔࢬ৬مऱၦ।ՈױࠎࠡהઔߒආشΔ௽ܑਢڇᅝছᝫ޲

(24)

ڶ៭ᄐᜢඨઔߒࠉႚอֱऄΔ௅ᖕψ࠹๶ृኙࢬ٨ᜰ៭ᄐऱᜢඨ೚ေࡳωΔ੡ψष ᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊω৬مᄅၦ।ऱൣउՀΙլመΔءઔߒࢬආشऱֱऄڶܑ࣍

ႚอΔ੡Ա᠃შದߠΔآࠐઔߒսॺൄᏁ૞ࠉႚอֱऄΔ੡ψषᄎ᧢ᔢᓳ਷ᄅ៭ᄐ

։ᣊω৬مᄅၦ।ΙۖေࡳᜢඨऱֱڤΔՈലءઔߒࢬආشऱ۞ေն࿛ၦ।Δޏ

੡࠹๶ृኙࢬ٨ᜰ៭ᄐऱᜢඨေ։ΰᒤ໮ױ੡ 0Ё100 ։αΔא༼೏ྒྷၦऱ壄ᒔࢤΖ

ʠăݚ်ᕛ๾ුےᐖঽʣ஢ᕑ࡭ڟуු!

௅ᖕ Linΰ2003αΕLin ፖ Bianΰ1991αΔא֗ Kalleberg ፖ Lincolnΰ1988α ڇխഏՕຬፖֲءऱઔߒΔଡԳࢬ༉ᄐհᖲዌΔ࢓࢓ਢଡԳᎁٵऱഗᄷࢬڇΔࠀ

੡੺ࡳଡԳՠ܂ऱᜢඨࢨषᆖچۯ࿛षᄎچۯհ׌૞ഗ៕Ζڇፕ᨜༉ᄐᖲዌΔ௽

ܑਢֆߏຝ॰ऱ೴։ΔՈਢ੺ࡳଡԳषᄎچۯऱഗ៕ΰ႓ᑞݳΔ2001αΙࠏڕ៭

ᄐٵᑌਢՕᖂඒ඄ΔڇֆمՕᖂհᜢඨࢨچۯΔৰױ౨༉ֺڇߏمՕᖂࠐ൓೏Ι Օֆ׹ऱ᜔ᆖ෻ΔՈֺ՛ֆ׹ऱ᜔෻೏Ζۖءઔߒऱᄅ៭ᄐၦ।ྤऄ֘ਠנՖࢤ ऱ٭ႨΔڶױ౨ਢڇٵᑌऱ៭ᄐᣊܑᇙΔፖߊࢤઌለΔՖࢤ࢓࢓ڇለլړऱᖲዌ ՠ܂ΰPetersen & Morgan, 1995αΔথؘႊ࿯ٵᑌऱ։ᑇࢬીΖվ৵ૉ૞৬م៭ᄐ ၦ।հጵٽਐᑑΔೈԱսႊො።റᄐݾ๬ΕگԵፖሐᐚݮွհ؆ΔᅝՈ૞ނ༉ᄐ ᖲዌհֆߏຝ॰Εᐋ్Ε๵ᑓΕټඨΞΞ࿛౏ԵΙڕ։ֆΕߏمΔഏمΕᗼمΞΞ

࿛ΔՈ౏੡ਐᑑΖ

ठᖴǺҁЎࣁ୯ࣽ཮ࣴزीฝȐNSC87-2412-H-143-001ȑޑ೽ϩԋ݀Ǵ੝ԜठᖴǶ ӕਔགᖴٿՏ୓ӜຑቩǴᆶᘲੇྍǵകम๮ǵᅜྷఘǵቅ҅ǵ݅ࠄ௲௤ޑ

ࡰ҅Ǵࣴزշ౛ᒘ࠶ׂǵࢫ׆߿ǵම၃఼ޑڐշǶ

(25)

ણ҂͛ᚥ

֮ശԫΕ്ᖠਞΰ1979αΖ៭ᄐᜢඨፖ៭ᄐኙषᄎऱኔشࢤΖሉ࣍խ؇ઔߒೃᆖᛎઔߒࢬ ΰ׌ᒳαΖᇃᢊΡΨၥྛོដ፣М໱ΰ଄ 623-639αΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃᆖᛎઔߒࢬΖ

۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1987αΖϛ๼ҕ୽ᙛཾ኿ྥϷ᜸Ȟ಑ѲԩওғގȟΖፕקΚ׌ૠ๠Ζ

۩ਙೃ׌ૠ๠ΰ1992αΖϛ๼ҕ୽ᙛཾ኿ྥϷ᜸Ȟ಑ϤԩওғގȟΖፕקΚ׌ૠ๠Ζ ۶֖ᔕΕኣإݛΰ1969αΖվֲխഏषᄎ៭ᄐ࿛్ေᏝհઔߒΖ୽ҳᇃᢊσᏰޥོᏰѐȂ

6Δ଄ 151-154Ζ

ࣥسႚΰ2000αΖఀىޥོᏰΖፕקΚ؎ੌΖ

ࣥ堚ۂΰ1971αΖඒஃߡۥ෻ᓵፖஃᒤඒߛޏ଀೯ٻհֺለઔߒΖ୽ҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰఀى

ंـܚ໱ѐȂ24Δ଄ 45-176Ζ

ࣥ堚ۂΰ1981αΖඒஃ៭ᄐᜢඨፖറᄐݮွհᓳ਷ઔߒΖ୽ҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰఀىंـܚ໱

ѐȂ34Δ଄ 99-177Ζ

್ॾ۩ΰ1997αΖԫ԰԰ሿԳՑཏ਷խඒߛፖ៭ᄐᇷறհ։࣫Ζ୽ҳࢇݽσᏰᏰൢȂ86Δ

଄ 29-66Ζ

ຫ৊䍾ΰ1993αΖఀىޥོᏰΖፕקΚԿاΖ

๺ቯᅏΰ1986αΖޥོ໦ቹϽᇄޥོࢺଢ଼ΖፕקΚԿاΖ

ີ૎ဎΕແַٛΰ׌ᒳαΰ2000αΖᇃᢊӴୢޥོᡐ᎐அҏ፡ࢥॎგ಑Ѳ෈಑Ιԩ፡ࢥॎ

გஈ՗ൢ֙ΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃषᄎᖂઔߒࢬΖ

႓ᑞݳΰ1992αΖፕ᨜چ೴ඒߛኙ៭ᄐچۯ࠷൓ᐙ᥼հ᧢ᔢΖϛѵंـ଱ҕఊᏰंـܚ໱

ѐȂ85Δ଄ 125-162Ζ

႓ᑞݳΰ1994αΖޥငधශᇄӴ՝ڥுႆแϞ๖ᄺᐠڙȈఀىȂޥོၥྛЅМϽၥҏΖࣟ

௧Օᖂषᄎᖂઔߒࢬ໑Փᓵ֮ΔآנठΔፕխΖ

႓ᑞݳΰ1996αΖፕ᨜چ೴षᄎᖂઔߒऱ៭ᄐ։ᣊፖྒྷၦംᠲհ൶ಘΖ፡ࢥंـȂ2Δ଄

123-168Ζ

႓ᑞݳΰ1997αΖषᄎઝᖂፖඒߛઔߒءՒ֏Κፕ᨜چ೴षᆖچۯΰSESαྒྷၦհૹᄅە ၦΖሉ࣍ঀ࣪㳓ΰ׌ᒳαΔΤΪϤᏰԑ࡙ৱጒᏰ଱ఀىᏰ೚፣Мีߒོ፣М໱ 4ΰ଄

189-216αΖፕࣟΚഏمፕࣟஃᒤᖂೃΖ

႓ᑞݳΰ1998αΖፕ᨜چ೴ᄅ៭ᄐ։ᣊऱ৬ዌፖေ۷Ζ፡ࢥंـȂ6Δ଄ 5-32Ζ

႓ᑞݳΰ2001αΖፕ᨜چ೴ڍց໎Ժؑ໱ऱࠃᄐګ༉հֺለ։࣫Ζ୽ড়ऋᏰۏষंـཊѐȈ ΡМЅޥོऋᏰȂ22ΰ4αΔ଄ 356-370Ζ

႓ᑞݳΰ2002αΖޥོ໦ቹȃޥོᆩ๜ᇄкᢎཎᜋȈᇃᢊӴୢϚϴҁޟޥོ໦ቹᡝفϞ۽

៉ΖፕקΚ؎ੌΖ

(26)

്Ẻႆΰ1987αΖՠ܂የߩΚࠡᄗ࢚ፖ෻ᓵਮዌऱᛀಘΖϛѵंـ଱ҕఊᏰंـܚ໱ѐȂ 74Δ଄ 63-86Ζ

ᓐිርΕ្௧ᄭΰ1989αΖ׌ড়ᨠ៭ᄐၦ।հॣޡ৬ዌΖሉْ࣍ᐜਞΕڹᅗੳΰ׌ᒳαΔ ᇃᢊޥོ౪ຫޟϷݙΰ଄ 477-516αΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃԿا׌ᆠઔߒࢬΖ

ᓐිርΕኣإݛΕ႓Օ੊ΰ1986αΖൕषᄎၸᐋ֏ऱᨠរᓵልاၸᐋΖϛ୽ޥོᏰѐȂ21Δ

଄ 89-113Ζ

្௧ᄭΰ1985αΖፕ᨜چ೴៭ᄐچۯ׌ᨠྒྷၦհઔߒΖሉ࣍խ؇ઔߒೃԿا׌ᆠઔߒࢬΰ׌

ᒳαΔ಑ѲԩޥོऋᏰंଆོ፣М໱ΰ଄ 121-140αΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃԿا׌ᆠઔ ߒࢬΖ

្௧ᄭΰ׌ᒳαΰ1995αΖᇃᢊӴୢޥོᡐ᎐அҏ፡ࢥॎგ಑έ෈಑Ιԩ፡ࢥॎგஈ՗ൢ

֙ΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃاගᖂઔߒࢬΖ

្௧ᄭΰ׌ᒳαΰ1996αΖᇃᢊӴୢޥོᡐ᎐அҏ፡ࢥॎგ಑έ෈಑Πԩ፡ࢥॎგஈ՗ൢ

֙ΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃषᄎᖂઔߒࢬᤂໂ๠Ζ

្௧ᄭΰ׌ᒳαΰ1998αΖᇃᢊӴୢޥོᡐ᎐அҏ፡ࢥॎგ಑έ෈಑έԩ፡ࢥॎგஈ՗ൢ

֙ΖፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃषᄎᖂઔߒࢬᤂໂ๠Ζ

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Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American occupation structure. New York: Wiley.

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Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Cambridge, MA:

Harvard University Press.

Cain, P. S., & Treiman, D. J. (1981). The dictionary of occupation titles as a sources of occupational data. American Sociological Rewiew, 46, 253-278.

Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessnent. Beverly Hills, CA:

Sage.

Collins, R. (1971). Functional and conflict theories of educational stratification. American Sociological Review, 36, 1002-1019.

Conley, D. (2001). Capital for college: Parental assets and postsecondary schooling. Sociology of Education, 74, 59-72.

Davis, K., & Moore, W. E. (1945). Some principles of stratification. American Sociology Review, 10, 242-249.

Dumais, S. A. (2002). Cultural capital, gender, and school succes. Sociology of Education, 75, 44-68.

Duncan, O. D. (1961). A socioeconomic index for all occupational. In A. J. Reiss (Eds.), Occupations and social status (pp. 109-138). New York: Free.