Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
Discovering
Computers 2012 Chapter 7
Types of Storage
Objectives Overview
Differentiate between storage devices and storage media Differentiate between storage
devices and storage media
Describe the characteristics of an internal hard disk including capacity, platters, read/write heads, cylinders, sectors and tracks, revolutions per minute,
transfer rate, and access time Describe the characteristics of an internal hard disk including capacity, platters, read/write heads, cylinders, sectors and tracks, revolutions per minute,
transfer rate, and access time
Discuss the purpose of network attached storage devices, external and removable hard disks, and hard disk controllers Discuss the purpose of network
attached storage devices, external and removable hard disks, and hard disk controllers
Describe the various types of flash memory storage
Describe the various types of flash memory storage
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 2
See Page 351
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview
Describe cloud storage and explain its
advantages
Describe cloud storage and explain its
advantages
Describe the
characteristics of optical discs
Describe the
characteristics of optical discs
Differentiate among various types of optical discs: CDs, archive discs
and Picture CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs
Differentiate among various types of optical discs: CDs, archive discs
and Picture CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs
Identify the uses of tape, magnetic stripe cards, smart cards, microfilm
and microfiche, and enterprise storage
Identify the uses of tape, magnetic stripe cards, smart cards, microfilm
and microfiche, and enterprise storage
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 3
See Page 351
Storage
Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use
A storage medium is the physical
material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
A storage medium is the physical
material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 4
Pages 352 - 353
Storage
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 5
Pages 352 – 353
Storage
• Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 6
Page 354 Figure 7-2
Storage
• A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from
storage media
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Page 354
Reading is the process of transferring items from a storage medium into memory
Writing is the process of
transferring items from
memory to a storage
medium
Storage
• Access time measures:
– The amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a
storage medium
– The time required to deliver an item from memory to the
processor
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 8
Page 355 Figure 7-4
Hard Disks
• A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information
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Page 355
Hard Disks
• Hard disks can store data using longitudinal
recording or perpendicular recording
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 10
Page 356 Figure 7-6
Hard Disks
• Characteristics of a hard disk include:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 11
Page 357
Capacity
Capacity Platters Platters Read/Write Heads Read/Write
Heads
Cylinders
Cylinders Sectors and Tracks Sectors and
Tracks Revolutions per Minute Revolutions
per Minute
Transfer Rate Transfer
Rate Access Time Access Time
Hard Disks
• Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 12
Page 357 Figure 7-7
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 13 Page 358
Hard Disks
• The hard disk arms move the read/write
head, which reads items and writes items in the drive
– Location often is referred to by its cylinder
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 14
Page 358 Figure 7-10
Hard Disks
• A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter
• Always keep a backup of your hard disk
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Pages 358 – 359
Hard Disks
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 16
Page 359 Figure 7-12
Hard Disks
• RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a group of two or more integrated hard disks
• A network attached storage (NAS) device is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage
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Page 360
Hard Disks
An external hard disk is a separate free- standing hard disk that connects to your computer with a cable or wirelessly
An external hard disk is a separate free- standing hard disk that connects to your computer with a cable or wirelessly
A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and remove from a drive
A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and remove from a drive
Internal and external hard disks are
available in miniature sizes (miniature hard disks)
Internal and external hard disks are
available in miniature sizes (miniature hard disks)
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 18
Pages 360 – 361 Figures 7-14 – 7-15
Hard Disks
• A disk controller consists of a special-purpose chip and electronic circuits that control the transfer of data,
instructions, and information from a disk to and from the system bus and other components of the computer
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Pages 361 - 362
SATA EIDE
SCSI SAS
Flash Memory Storage
• Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media and contain no moving parts
• Solid state drives (SSDs) have several advantages over magnetic hard disks:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 20
Pages 362 - 363
Faster access time
Faster access time Faster transfer rates Faster transfer rates Generate less heat and consume less power Generate less heat and
consume less power Last longer Last longer
Flash Memory Storage
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Page 363
Flash Memory Storage
• A memory card is a removable flash memory
device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer
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Page 364
CompactFlash (CF)
CompactFlash (CF)
Secure Digital (SD)
Secure Digital (SD)
Secure Digital High Capacity
(SDHC)
Secure Digital High Capacity
(SDHC) microSD microSD
microSDHC
microSDHC xD Picture Card xD Picture
Card Memory Stick Memory Stick Memory Stick Micro (M2) Memory Stick
Micro (M2)
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 23 Pages 364 – 365
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 24 Pages 364 – 365
Figures 7-18 – 7-19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 25 Page 366
Flash Memory Storage
• USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 26
Page 367 Figure 7-21
Video: Thumb Drive (USB Flash Drive) Encryption
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 27
CLICK TO START
Flash Memory Storage
• An ExpressCard module is a removable device that fits in an
ExpressCard slot
• Developed by the PCMCIA
• Commonly used in notebook computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 28
Page 367 Figure 7-22
Cloud Storage
• Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer users
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Page 368
Cloud Storage
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 30
Page 368 Figure 7-24
Cloud Storage
• Users subscribe to cloud storage for a variety of reasons:
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Page 369
Access files from any computer Access files from any computer Store large files instantaneously Store large files instantaneously Allow others to access their files Allow others to access their files
View time-critical data and images immediately View time-critical data and images immediately Store offsite backups
Store offsite backups
Provide data center functions
Provide data center functions
Optical Discs
• An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser
• Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music
• Read only vs. rewritable
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 32
Page 370 Figure 7-25
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 33 Page 370
Optical Discs
• Optical discs commonly store items in a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to the edge
• Track is divided into evenly sized sectors
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 34
Page 371 Figure 7-27
Optical Discs
• Care of optical discs
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Page 371
Optical Discs
A CD-ROM can be read from but not written to
• Read from a CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player
A CD-ROM can be read from but not written to
• Read from a CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player
A CD-R is a multisession optical disc on which users can write, but not erase
A CD-R is a multisession optical disc on which users can write, but not erase
A CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc
• Must have a CD-RW drive
A CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc
• Must have a CD-RW drive
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 36
Pages 372 – 373 Figure 7-29
Optical Discs
Archive disc Archive disc
• Stores photos from an online photo center
• Resolution usually is 7200 pixels per photo
• Cost is determined by the number of photos being stored
Picture CD Picture CD
• Single-session CD-ROM that stores digital
versions of film
• Typically uses a 1024 x 1536 resolution
• Many photo centers offer Picture CD
services
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Page 374
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 38 Page 374
Figure 7-31
Optical Discs
A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase
• Requires a DVD-ROM drive
A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase
• Requires a DVD-ROM drive
A Blu-ray Disc-ROM (BD-ROM) has a storage capacity of 100 GB
A Blu-ray Disc-ROM (BD-ROM) has a storage capacity of 100 GB
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are high- capacity rewritable DVD formats
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are high- capacity rewritable DVD formats
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 39
Pages 375 – 376
Other Types of Storage
Tape Tape
Magnetic stripe cards and smart
cards
Magnetic stripe cards and smart
cards
Microfilm and microfiche Microfilm and
microfiche Enterprise storage Enterprise storage
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Page 376
Other Types of Storage
• Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information
• A tape drive reads and writes data and information on a tape
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Page 376
Other Types of Storage
• A magnetic stripe card contains a magnetic stripe that stores information
• A smart card stores data on a thin
microprocessor
embedded in the card
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 42
Page 377 Figure 7-36
Other Types of Storage
• Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet film
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Page 378
Other Types of Storage
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 44
Page 378 Figure 7-38
Other Types of Storage
• Enterprise storage stores huge volumes of data and information for large businesses
– Uses special hardware for heavy use, maximum availability, and maximum efficiency
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Page 379
Putting It All Together
Home user
• 500 GB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• Card reader/writer
• USB flash drive Home user
• 500 GB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• Card reader/writer
• USB flash drive
Small Office/Home Office user
• 1 TB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• External hard disk for backup
• USB flash drive
Small Office/Home Office user
• 1 TB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• External hard disk for backup
• USB flash drive
Mobile
• 250 GB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• Card reader/writer
• Portable hard disk for backup
• USB flash drive Mobile
• 250 GB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• Card reader/writer
• Portable hard disk for backup
• USB flash drive
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 46
Page 380 Figure 7-40
Putting It All Together
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7 47
Page 380
Power User
• 2.5 TB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• Portable hard disk for backup
• USB flash drive Power User
• 2.5 TB hard disk
• Cloud storage
• Optical disc drive
• Portable hard disk for backup
• USB flash drive
Enterprise User (desktop computer)
• 1 TB hard disk
• Optical disc drive
• Smart card reader
• Tape drive
• USB flash drive Enterprise User (desktop computer)
• 1 TB hard disk
• Optical disc drive
• Smart card reader
• Tape drive
• USB flash drive
Enterprise User (server or mainframe)
• Network storage server
• 40 TB hard disk system
• Optical disc server
• Microfilm or microfiche Enterprise User (server or mainframe)
• Network storage server
• 40 TB hard disk system
• Optical disc server
• Microfilm or microfiche
Summary
Various storage media and storage devices
Various storage media and storage devices
Internal hard disks, external and removable hard disks, solid state
drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, ExpressCard modules, cloud storage, CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs, tape, smart cards,
and microfilm and microfiche Internal hard disks, external and removable hard disks, solid state
drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, ExpressCard modules, cloud storage, CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs, tape, smart cards,
and microfilm and microfiche
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