Discovering Computers 2012Chapter 8Types of Utility Programs and Operating Systems

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Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012 Chapter 8

Types of Utility Programs and Operating

Systems

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Objectives Overview

Define system software and identify

the two types of system software

Define system software and identify

the two types of system software

Describe the functions of an operating system

Summarize the startup process on a

personal computer Summarize the startup process on a

personal computer

Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating

systems Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating

systems

Briefly describe various server operating systems

Summarize the features of several embedded operating

systems Summarize the features of several embedded operating

systems

Explain the purpose of several utility

programs

Explain the purpose of several utility

programs

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 2

See Page 397

for Detailed Objectives

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System Software

• System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the

computer and its devices

Page 398

Operating systems Operating

systems

Utility Programs

Utility

Programs

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Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the

activities among computer hardware resources

Pages 398 - 399

Start and shut down a computer Start and shut

down a computer

Provide a user interface Provide a user

interface Manage

programs Manage

memory Manage memory

Coordinate tasks Coordinate

tasks Configure

devices Configure

devices

Establish an Internet connection Establish an

Internet connection

Monitor performance

Provide utilities

Provide utilities Automatically update Automatically

update Control a network Control a

network Administer security Administer

security

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Operating Systems

Pages 398 – 399 Figure 8-1

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Operating System Functions

• The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting

Page 400 Figure 8-2

Cold boot Cold boot

• Turning on a computer that has

been

powered off completely

• Turning on a computer that has

been

powered off completely

Warm boot Warm boot

• Using the operating system to restart a computer

• Using the

operating

system to

restart a

computer

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 7 Page 401

Figure 8-3

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Operating System Functions

A boot drive is the drive from which your computer starts

• You can boot from a boot disk

• A recovery disk contains a few system files that will start the computer

Page 402

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Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various shut down options

Page 402

Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded

functions, and then places the computer in a low-

power state

Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded

functions, and then places the computer in a low-

power state

Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to

a hard disk before removing power from the computer

Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to

a hard disk before removing

power from the computer

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Operating System Functions

• A user interface controls how you enter data and

instructions and how information is

displayed on the screen

• With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images

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Operating System Functions

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions

Page 403 Figure 8-5

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Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity

Pages 404 - 405

Single user and multiuser

Single tasking and

multitasking Single tasking

and

multitasking

Foreground and background Foreground and

background

Preemptive multitasking

Preemptive

multitasking Multiprocessing Multiprocessing

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Figure 8-6

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Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM

Page 406 Figure 8-8

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Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed

Page 407 Figure 8-9

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Operating System Functions

A driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a

specific device

Plug and Play automatically

configures new devices as you install them

Page 408

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Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections

Page 408 Figure 8-10

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Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

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Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with the capability of:

Page 409

Managing files

Managing files Searching for files

Searching for

files Viewing

images Viewing

images Securing a computer Securing a

computer

Uninstalling programs Uninstalling

programs Cleaning up disks Cleaning up

disks Defragmenting disks

Defragmenting

disks Diagnosing problems Diagnosing

problems

Backing up files and disks

Backing up

files and disks Setting up screen savers

Setting up

screen savers

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Operating System Functions

• Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program

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Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems are designed to work

with a server on a network

• A server operating system organizes and coordinates how

multiple users access and share resources on a network

• A network

administrator uses the server operating system to:

– Add and remove users, computers, and other devices

– Install software and administer network security

Page 410

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Operating System Functions

• Each user has a user account

– A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user – A password is a private

combination of

characters associated with the user name

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Figure 8-14

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a desktop

computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device

Page 412

Windows 7

Windows

7 Mac OS X Mac OS X

UNIX UNIX Linux Linux

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in

multiple editions:

Pages 413 - 414

Windows 7 Starter Windows 7

Starter

Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7

Home Premium

Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7

Ultimate Windows 7

Professional

Windows 7

Professional

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• Windows 7 provides programs such as:

Page 414

Windows Firewall Windows

Firewall Windows DVD

Maker

Windows DVD Maker

Windows Media Player

Windows

Media Player Desktop

Gadget Gallery

Desktop

Gadget Gallery

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Figures 8-16 – 8-17

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Figures 8-16 – 8-17

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Figure 8-18

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use

• Latest version is Mac OS X

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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking operating system

developed in the early 1970s

UNIX is a multitasking operating system

developed in the early 1970s

Linux is an open-source,

popular, multitasking UNIX- type operating system

Linux is an open-source,

popular, multitasking UNIX- type operating system

Pages 416 – 417 Figures 8-20 – 8-21

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Server Operating Systems

Windows Server 2008

Windows

Server 2008 UNIX UNIX Linux Linux

Solaris

Solaris NetWare NetWare

Pages 417 - 418

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Server Operating Systems

• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows Server 2003

– Part of the Windows Server 2008 family – Multiple editions

• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization technology

– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources

Pages 417 - 418

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Embedded Operating Systems

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device

Pages 418 - 420

Windows Embedded CE

Windows

Embedded CE Windows Phone 7 Windows

Phone 7 Palm OS Palm OS iPhone OS iPhone OS

BlackBerry

BlackBerry Google Android Google

Android Embedded Linux Embedded

Linux Symbian OS Symbian OS

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Embedded Operating Systems

Pages 419 – 420 Figures 8-22 – 8-26

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Utility Programs

• A utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks

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Utility Programs

• A file manager is a utility that performs

functions related to file management

– Displaying a list of files – Organizing files in folders – Copying, renaming,

deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders – Creating shortcuts

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Utility Programs

• A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify

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Utility Programs

• An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file

• An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files

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Utility Programs

• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files

– Downloaded program files

– Temporary Internet files

– Deleted files

– Unused program files

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Utility Programs

• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and

unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster

– Defragmenting

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Utility Programs

• A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage

medium

• A restore utility

reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form

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Utility Programs

• A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no

activity occurs for a specified time

• A personal firewall

detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions

Page 425

Figures 8-34 – 8-35

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Utility Programs

A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer negatively

A worm copies itself

repeatedly in memory or over a network

A worm copies itself

repeatedly in memory or over a network

A Trojan horse hides within or

looks like a legitimate

program

A Trojan horse hides within or

looks like a legitimate

program

An antivirus program protects a

computer against viruses

An antivirus program protects a

computer against viruses

Pages 425 - 426

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Video: Free Online Antivirus

CLICK TO START

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8 46 Pages 425 – 426

Figures 8-36 – 8-37

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Utility Programs

Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects

information about the user Spyware is a program placed on

a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects

information about the user

• A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs

Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or

pop-up window

Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or

pop-up window

• An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware

Page 426

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Utility Programs

• Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed

Pages 426 - 427

Web filtering software

Anti-spam programs Anti-spam

programs

Phishing filters Phishing

filters

Pop-up

blockers

Pop-up

blockers

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Utility Programs

• A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)

– Compressing files frees up room on the storage media – Two types of compression

• Lossy

• Lossless

• Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files

– Can be uncompressed

Page 427

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Utility Programs

• A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer

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Utility Programs

• Disc burning software writes text, graphics,

audio, and video files on a recordable or

rewritable optical disc

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