Discovering Computers 2012Chapter 2Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and Internet

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Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012 Chapter 2

Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and

Internet

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Objectives Overview

Discuss the evolution of the Internet

Identify and briefly describe various broadband Internet

connections and state differences between broadband

Internet connections and dial- up connections

Identify and briefly describe various broadband Internet

connections and state differences between broadband

Internet connections and dial- up connections

Describe the types of Internet access providers

Describe the purpose of an IP address and its relationship to a

domain name

Describe the purpose of an IP address and its relationship to a

domain name

Explain the purpose of a Web browser and identify the components of a Web address

Describe how to use a search engine to search for information on the Web and differentiate between a search engine and a subject directory

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 2

See Page 73

for Detailed Objectives

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Objectives Overview

Describe the types of Web sites

Explain how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio,

video, virtual reality, and plug-ins

Explain how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio,

video, virtual reality, and plug-ins

Identify and briefly describe the steps required for Web

publishing

Identify and briefly describe the steps required for Web

publishing

Describe the types of e- commerce

Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging,

chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups and message

boards, and FTP work Explain how e-mail, mailing

lists, instant messaging, chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups and message

boards, and FTP work

Identify the rules of netiquette

See Page 73

for Detailed Objectives

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The Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government

agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Page 74 Figure 2-1

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Evolution of the Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

Page 75

Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work

together

Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work

together

Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed

by a disaster

Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed

by a disaster

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Evolution of the Internet

1969 ARPANET becomes functional

1984 ARPANET has

more than 1,000 individual computers

linked as hosts

1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET and

becomes known as the

Internet

1995 NSFNet terminates its network

on the Internet and

resumes status as research network

1996 Internet2 is

founded

Today More than 550 million hosts

connect to the Internet

Pages 75 - 76

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Evolution of the Internet

• Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network

– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards

• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network

Page 76

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Evolution of the Internet

• Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service

Page 76

Cab le

In ter net

ser vic e

Cab le

In ter net

ser vic e

DSL DSL

Fiber to th e

Pre mis es

(FT TP )

Fiber to th e

Pre mis es

(FT TP )

Fix ed

wirele ss

Fix ed

wirele ss

Ce llu lar

Radio Netw ork

Ce llu lar

Radio Netw ork

Wi-

Fi Wi-

Fi

Sate llit e

In ter net

Se rvic e

Sate llit e

In ter net

Se

rvic

e

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Evolution of the Internet

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

Page 77 Figure 2-2

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Evolution of the Internet

ISP (Internet service provider)

Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific

geographical area Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific

geographical area

National ISPs provide Internet access in

cities and towns nationwide

National ISPs provide Internet access in

cities and towns nationwide

Online service provider (OSP)

Has many members- only features Has many members-

only features

Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network) Popular OSPs include

AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network)

Wireless

Internet service provider

Provides wireless Internet access to

computers and mobile devices Provides wireless Internet access to

computers and mobile devices

May require a wireless modem

Page 78

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 11 Page 79

Figure 2-3

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Evolution of the Internet

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

• A domain name is the text version of an IP address

– Top-level domain (TLD)

• A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

Pages 79 – 80 Figure 2-4

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Figure 2-5

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The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)

• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items

• A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer

• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact

Pages 80 - 81

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The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

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Internet Explorer

Internet

Explorer Firefox Firefox Opera Opera Safari

Safari Google Chrome

Google

Chrome

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Figure 2-6

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The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first page that a Web site displays

• Web pages provide links to other related Web pages

– Surfing the Web

• Downloading is the process of receiving information

Pages 82 - 83 Figure 2-7

• Some Web pages are

designed specifically for

microbrowsers

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The World Wide Web

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address

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The World Wide Web

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window

Page 84 Figure 2-9

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The World Wide Web

• Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories

Page 85

Search engine Search engine

Finds information related to a specific topic

Subject directory

Classifies Web pages in an organized set of

The World Wide Web

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such as:

Page 85

Images

Images Videos Videos Audio Audio Publications Publications

Maps Maps People or Businesses People or

Businesses Blogs Blogs

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Figure 2-11

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The World Wide Web

• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search

text

Page 87 Figure 2-12

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The World Wide Web

• Search operators can help to refine your search

Page 87 Figure 2-13

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The World Wide Web

• There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social

Network

Educational

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The World Wide Web

Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application

Content Aggregator

Personal

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Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog

CLICK TO START

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The World Wide Web

• Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy

• No one oversees the content of Web pages

Page 92 Figure 2-16

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The World Wide Web

• Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:

Page 92

Graphics

Graphics Animation Animation Audio Audio

Video

Video Virtual

Reality

Virtual

Reality

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The World Wide Web

• A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information

• Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,

and TIFF

Page 93 Figure 2-17

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The World Wide Web

• A thumbnail is a small version of a larger

graphic

Page 94 Figure 2-19

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The World Wide Web

• Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Page 94

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The World Wide Web

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size

• You listen to audio on your computer using a player

• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow

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Figure 2-21

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The World Wide Web

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

Page 96 Figure 2-22

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The World Wide Web

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space

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The World Wide Web

• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser

Page 97 Figure 2-24

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The World Wide Web

• Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages

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Plan a Web site

Analyze and design a Web site

Create a Web site

Deploy a Web site

Maintain a Web

site

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E-Commerce

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network

– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices

Page 98

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E-Commerce

Pages 98 - 99

E-commerce

Business- to- consumer

(B2C)

Consumer- to- consumer

(C2C) Business-

to- business

(B2B)

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Figure 2-25

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Other Internet Services

• E-mail is the

transmission of

messages and files via a computer network

• An e-mail program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages

Page 101 Figure 2-26

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Figure 2-27

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Other Internet Services

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name

– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address – Unsubscribing removes your name

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Other Internet Services

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service

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Other Internet Services

• A chat is a real-time

typed conversation that takes place on a

computer

• A chat room is a

location on an Internet server that permits

users to chat with each other

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Other Internet Services

• VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet

– Also called Internet telephony

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Other Internet Services

• A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject

– Typically requires a newsreader

• A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group

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