醫事檢驗人員職業衛生之研究
Occupational Health of Medical Technologists
中文摘要
醫事檢驗人員是醫事人員中的一部份，負責執行種類繁多的各種檢驗項目，以幫 助醫師能預防、偵測、診斷及治療疾病。但目前大多數對於醫療保健服務業的職 業安全衛生調查研究的對象都是醫師及護理人員，鮮少有主要針對醫事檢驗人員 所可能遭遇到的職業安全衛生問題做一個詳盡的調查研究。
是故，本研究以結構式問卷為研究工具，問卷以自填方式進行，以瞭解醫事檢驗 人員的社會人口學特性及工作環境中所接觸的化學性、物理性、生物性、人因工 程性之可能危險因子與工作感受，以提供醫事檢驗人員改善其工作衛生及預防職 業病發生的參考依據。
本研究以佔全國醫檢人力近四分之一的台北市為研究地區，進行實地瞭解與問卷 調查，總共回收問卷為 363 份，其中包含 3 家醫學中心，2 家準醫學中心，6 家 區域醫院，1 家特殊功能教學醫院，1 家準區域醫院，2 家其他醫療機構，等 15 家醫事機構。
在本研究中發現醫檢人員所認為工作環境中需改善的安全衛生問題，最主要為通 風不良、噪音以及室溫不適；而醫檢人員針扎發生率為 0.24 次/人/年，比護理人 員之針扎發生率低許多。另外，發現服務於「區域級」醫院之醫檢人員無論是在 工作環境的潛在危險方面或是工作場所所提供的安全衛生教育訓練上的抱怨都 比服務於「中心級」醫院之醫檢人員來得高。而服務於「其他醫療機構」之醫檢 人員在骨骼肌肉傷害方面有相當大的困擾。工作壓力與工作感受是醫事檢驗人員 所面臨的重要問題，過半數醫檢人員在前途、發展的問題上有很大的壓力及困 擾，尤其以年輕、高學歷的男性為最。其次的壓力來源為薪水、福利的問題。
英文摘要
Medical technology is one of the paramedical services. The medical technologists (M.T.) perform the laboratory analytic work of patients’ biological specimens; and the findings will aid the physicians’ prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. In the past, most of the occupational safety and health studies were physicians and nurses oriented, less concern was paid to the medical technologists.
In this study, by means of the constructive questionnaire as the tool, the population social characteristics of MTs as well as the stress factors of environment (physical, chemical, biological and ergonomical) and psychology (the satisfaction and
achievement feelings to the job) were collected and analyzed. More than 1/4 of the Taiwans’ registered MTs are concentrated in Taipei. From Taipei’s 15 medical establishments, 363 effective data were collected, including 3 Medical Center
Hospitals, 2 Sub-med. Centr. Hosps., 6 District Hosps., 1 Teaching Hosps., 1 Sub-Dist.
Hosps., and 2 Others.
From this study, the following findings are the most concerned by the MTs: 1) Poor ventilation, noise and uncomfortable temperature; 2) Needle stick rate, 0.24
/person/year, is much less than the nurses; 3) Compared to the Center Med. Hosp., District MTs exposed to higher environmental risk and received less training in occupational safety and health; 4) Those classified in the category of “Others”, have the higher muscular-skeletal stresses; 5) Psychological stress to the MTs is one of the major findings in this study.
