ᇥܴ΋ǺวྣнኧޑޜқϐೀǴࠞܭ۔Бў਑ޑᚅӵǴԶคݤև౜Ƕ ᇥܴΒǺԓѿрހޗрހޑȠޜЋΐࢤȡ٠҂ၩӜрހԃǶ

୽ҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰᡝىᏰفിρঐᒵΡ

ᄢौ

፣ЅᅞหȂӻኵΡޟ಑Ιޢឈ࢐РҏȂፙЅȶၼଢ଼ᅞหȷ؁࢐ԃԪȄӱ ॶᇃᢊᅞหᐣѬȂࢇۺܻ IJĺķij ԑႵҀȶጡӟ೿ᕗყหሄᏲᒲݲȷȂࡣ៉Ө

໶ݲೣޟೣጒЅ३ڙȂζᡱᇃᢊᅞหޟഺհᇄюގڧڗϚωޟᆘڙȄҏंـ ᙤоᇃѕѿҳϛ஭ყਪᓢᓢᙠϞᇃᢊᅞหୈ࣏Ѭਟᇔ໱ᄇຫȂငᄂӴᇔ໱ᇄ ᑢᒵȂоᡝىၼଢ଼࣏ᚠ؅ϞᅞหȂෆюގ Ĵķĸ ഋȂ᠄ࢂ෕౨ȃਊᔞȃٗ౨ȃ

࢙ၾ้ Ĵı ᆍၼଢ଼໶ҬȂюގޥ࣏ؑᕊցҡԆȂӵၼଢ଼ᅞหޟюގΰȂӻЕ

໌Рҏᅞหୈ࣏নገȂ࢈ٱ࢜ᄺΰҐୈσൽ࡙ޟ׽ᡐȂծӵᅞหᙽឍޟႆแ ϛȂڧڗቷࢥڙ࡙ᇄਢфधශޟኇ៪ȂоЅࢇݽᇄᡝىၼଢ଼Ϟ໢ޟ዁ጙࣨ

ጣȂആႆΡ࣏ёώޟПԒȂၼଢ଼ᅞหלԙᐿ੫ޟМҏৈၯȂӵϱৠޟ֕౪ΰȂ

஠୽ఊཎᜋആႆၼଢ଼ᅞหޟᎧ᠞Ȃᡱ᠞ޱӵಬౙϚᄆޟ௑ცήȂ஠୽ఊᇯӣ ᅤആ໌ΡҕޟРலҡࣀϞϛȂѢൔࢇۺܚభ࠮༭ޟкᡝᇯӣȄӵ੫੆ԑфή ޟၼଢ଼ᅞหȂϚ༉࢐ҕಀᕣ၌ᇄ௥ញၼଢ଼ޟ൬ϭȂһ࢐ࢇۺ᠌Ψၼհήޟ༈

ᖐํȂमٺၼଢ଼ᅞหᇌΰΙቹਢфޟࢇݽՓிȄ

ᜰᗤԅȈᅞหंـȃᅞหቷࢥڙ࡙ȃࢇݽཎᜋ

൦ȃࠉِ

⣏䛦⮵ˬ忳≽㻓䔓˭䘬⌘尉炻⣂Ἦ冒㖍㛔炻Ữ⌣⮹㚱Ṣ䞍冢䀋ḇ㚦丒墥 忶忳≽㻓䔓炰怠䓐ˬ丒墥˭ᶨ娆炻Ὢ⚈冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻㤝⮹㔠䁢冢 䀋Ṣ∝ἄ炻⣏⣂㗗⽆㖍㛔忳≽㻓䔓㍷㈬慵墥ㆾ侣嬗侴Ἦ炻⛐㘢ㄏ屉䓊㪲䘬㤪

⾝ᶳ炻Ⱄ㕤䚄䇰䘬埴䁢炻Ữ⛐ IJĺķķ ⸜军 IJĺĹĸ ⸜攻炻忁栆䘬ね⼊炻Ụ㗗ᶨ䧖

ⷠン炻忁㭝㛇攻炻㻓䔓⽭枰䴻忶㓧⹄⮑㞍炻ㇵ傥↢䇰炻㚨⇅憅⮵㻓䔓㇨妪⭂

䘬㱽夷㗗⛐ IJĺĵĹ ⸜ Ķ 㚰枺ⶫ䘬ˬ䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˭炻ょ娚彎㱽᷎㛒 㕤冢䀋㕥埴炻IJĺķij ⸜ ĺ 㚰 ijĸ 㖍埴㓧昊䫔ᶫℓᶱ昊㚫忂忶ˬ䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼

⮶彎㱽˭⋩ᶫ㡅炻Ữ IJĺķķ ⸜ㇵ䛇㬋⮎㕥炻䓙㔁做悐➟埴炻IJĺķĸ ⸜⮯㤕⊁䦣 军⚳䩳䶐嬗棐ˤ^IJ㬌⼴炻映临枺ⶫ⎬枭夷⭂炻IJĺķĸ ⸜ IJ 㚰枺ⶫˬ⚳䩳䶐嬗棐 忋䑘⚾䔓䶐⌘⍲復⮑㲐シḳ枭˭炻⎴⸜ ķ 㚰⍰枺ⶫˬ⚳䩳䶐嬗棐⮑㞍忋䑘⚾

䔓墄⃭㲐シḳ枭˭炻℞⼴⍰ℵ枺ⶫˬ⚳䩳䶐嬗棐忋䑘⚾䔓復⮑䦳⸷˭ˣˬ䶐

⌘⍲⮑㞍忋䑘⚾䔓⍫侫屯㕁˭ˣˬ⚳䩳䶐嬗棐忋䑘⚾䔓䘤䄏彎㱽˭ˣˬ⚳䩳 䶐嬗棐忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍㧁㸾˭炻^ij 㱽夷ℏ⭡⽆㻓䔓䘬⮩朊ˣ㓭ḳᷣ柴ˣ⚾䔓㕡

⺷⇘㧁溆䫎嘇䫱炻䘮≈ẍ夷䭬⍲旸⇞炻⮑㞍㱽夷䚜军 IJĺĹĸ ⸜妋♜⼴炻⛐⎴

⸜ IJij 㚰 ĵ 㖍⺊昌ˤ^Ĵ

忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎枺ⶫ冯㕥埴㛇攻炻䓙㕤㱽夷ℏ⭡䘬䨢㲃冯⮑㞍侭䘬ᷣ

奨⇌㕟炻农ἧ冢䀋㻓䔓∝ἄ朊冐⚘⠫炻㬌㗪㛇㗗㻓䔓䞼䨞⬠侭ẍ⍲㻓䔓⭞娵 䁢⮵冢䀋㻓䔓慵∝䘬⸜ẋˤ㻓䔓⮑㞍㛇攻䘬冢䀋㻓䔓⎚䞼䨞ᷕ炻㛶斉ˣ^ĵ㳒

⽟湇^Ķ叿㚱忂婾⿏䞼䨞⮰㚠炻唕㸀㔯ˣ^ķ㛶堋暚ˣ^ĸ昛ẚ῱ˣ^Ĺ␐㔯洔^ĺ↮⇍⽆⁛

IJˢ昛ẚ῱炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓姀˫炷冢⊿烉㜄君炻ijıIJĵ ⸜炸炻枩 ķIJˤ

ijˢ昛ẚ῱炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓姀˫炻枩 ķIJˣķĵ烊ỽ㵹ㄏ炻˪⤪ỽ⬠㻓䔓˫炷冢⊿烉怈⣏炻IJĺĹı ⸜炸炻枩 ijijķĮijķķˤ Ĵˢ˨⺊㬊ˬ䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˭˩炻˪䷥䴙⹄℔⟙˫炻ĵĹĶķ炷冢⊿炻IJĺĹĸ ⸜ IJij 㚰 ĵ 㖍炸炻枩 IJĴˤ ĵˢ㛶斉炻˪㻓䔓伶⬠˫炷冢⊿烉佌㳩↢䇰䣦炻IJĺĺĹ ⸜炸ˤ

Ķˢ㳒⽟湇炻˪桐❶冢䀋㻓䔓 Ķı ⸜˫炷㕘䪡烉䪡ⶪ㔯⊾炻IJĺĺĺ ⸜炸烊㳒⽟湇炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓教奥˫炷冢⊿烉䌱Ⱉ䣦炻 ijııĴ ⸜炸ˤ

ķˢ唕㸀㔯炻˪㻓䔓䞼䨞烉⁛㑕奨溆䘬㩊夾˫炷冢⊿烉Ḽ⋿炻ijııij ⸜炸ˤ

ĸˢ㛶堋暚炻˪嬲⼊ˣ尉⽝冯䫎嘇⊾䘬䲣嬄ʇʇ㻓䔓䘬㔯⊾䞼䨞˫炷冢⊿烉䧣悱炻ijıIJij ⸜炸烊㛶堋暚炻˪䥩̩㻓 䔓̯⎴⯭䈑婆˫炷㕘⊿烉㕘㕘倆㔯⊾炻IJĺĺĺ ⸜炸ˤ

Ĺˢ昛ẚ῱炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓姀˫ˤ

ĺˢ␐㔯洔炻˪嬨⚾㻓姀ġ㻓䔓㔯⬠䘬ⶍ℟⍲冢䀋年嶉˫炷㕘䪡烉⚳䩳Ṍ忂⣏⬠↢䇰䣦炻ijıIJĹ ⸜炸ˤ

㑕ˣ䣦㚫⬠ˣ㔯⊾ˣ㔯⬠䫱ᶵ⎴䘬奺⹎Ἦ婾徘冢䀋㻓䔓⎚䘬㳩嬲ˤ㬌⢾炻䡑

⌂⢓婾㔯⍲㛇↲炻Ṏ㚱憅⮵忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎ˣ╖ᶨ㻓䔓⭞䘬ἄ⑩ˣ㻓䔓㛇

↲ㆾ㗗㬎ᾈ㻓䔓忚埴↮㜸ˤ㻓䔓⮑㞍㛇攻炻ᶵ㚱㬎ᾈˣ䥹⸣㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻 忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰ḇỼ㚱ᶨⷕᷳ⛘炻Ữᶲ徘婾叿⌣㛒㚱憅⮵冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓⎚忚 埴㍊妶炻䁢傥⠓墄冢䀋㻓䔓⎚䘬䨢䘥炻⮎㚱⽭天⮯冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻  忂䚌⿏䘬ṳ䳡冯⼁㔜炻德忶㬟⎚㗪攻䘬㳩嬲炻Ἦ奨䚳⛐㻓䔓⮑㞍㛇攻炻冢䀋 忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰ね㱩ˤ

⤪⎴⇵徘炻冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻ᷣ天Ἦ冒㕤㍷㈬ㆾ侣嬗㖍㛔㻓䔓炻㛔 㔯ᷳ㇨ẍ䧙ᷳ䁢冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬⍇⚈炻ᷣ天Ὢ忳≽㻓䔓⍿⇘忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍⇞

⹎䘬⼙枧炻㍷㈬ㆾ侣嬗㖍㛔㻓䔓㗪炻㚫悐↮⟿㓡ˣ⇒㷃ˣ⡆↿⚾⁷ㆾ㔯⫿炻 ẍ䫎⎰⮑㞍⇞⹎䘬ℏ⭡冯暨㯪炻ẍ⇑枮⇑忂忶⮑㞍炻忁ṃ䁢Ḯ䫎ㅱ㱽夷侴䓇 䘬ˬṢ䁢≈ⶍ˭ℏ⭡炻ḇㆸ䁢冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬䌐䈡ᷳ嗽炻昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻⛐㔜橼 㻓䔓䘬㔀ḳ䳸㥳ᶲ炻ḇ䓊䓇㝸䧖⣿嶗炻忁ḇ㗗冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬䈡刚ˤ

䚖⇵憅⮵忳≽㻓䔓䘬䞼䨞᷎ᶵ⣂炻ᶼ䞼䨞⮵尉㗗ẍ㖍㛔㌰㪲冢䀋↢䇰 䘬忳≽㻓䔓䁢ᷣ炻᷎ẍ慷⊾⍲岒⿏䞼䨞䘬㕡㱽炻Ἦ㍊妶忳≽㻓䔓⮵㕤⬠䪍教 嬨ˣ忳≽⍫冯ˣ忳≽₡ῤ奨䘬⼙枧炻ᶨ䭯㗗德忶䫎嘇⬠䘬奺⹎炻Ἦ㍊妶˪㿴 䯫檀ㇳ˫䘬㔯㛔ℏ⭡ˤ^IJı⮵㕤㻓䔓⮑㞍㛇攻㇨↢䇰䘬忳≽㻓䔓䘬䞼䨞㚜⮹炻 㛶堋暚⛐˪嬲⼊ˣ尉⽝冯䫎嘇䔓䘬䲣嬄˫ᶨ㚠ᷕ炻⽆㻓䔓㔯㱽䘬堐䎦⼊⺷Ἦ 妶婾冢䀋㻓䔓㔯㱽橼䲣嬲⊾㗪炻ẍ忳≽㻓䔓䁢ἳ炻ἄ䁢冢䀋冯㖍㛔㻓䔓⛐䔓 㟤㔠慷冯ℏ⭡ᶲ䘬⮵䄏ˤ

⎎⢾炻℟㚱↮㜸奨溆ᶼ冯㛔㔯䚜㍍䚠斄䘬㗗 łůťųŦŸġŅįġŎŰųųŪŴ 䘬叿ἄ Colonial Project, National Game: A History of Baseball in Taiwan炻℞ᷕ㚦婾⍲

冢䀋㡺䎫㻓䔓炻ŎŰųųŪŴ 啱䓙 IJĺĸı ⸜ẋ䌳⫸↢䇰䣦㇨↢䇰䘬˪㡺䎫⮷劙尒˫炻

⯙℞㻓䔓䘬㓭ḳℏ⭡炻娖慳娚㔯㛔冯 IJĺĸı ⸜ẋ冢䀋㡺䎫忳≽䘬斄倗⿏炻 ŎŰųųŪŴ 娵䁢㓭ḳね䭨炻娎⚾嶐崲ᷕ⚳㮹㕷ᷣ佑炷⍵㖍炻䓂军㗗⍵伶炸炻ẍ⍲

⽆ᷣ奺㇨䨧叿⌘㚱ˬᷕ厗˭⫿㧋䘬䎫堋炻堐䎦↢⚳⭞ᷣ㪲ᷣ佑炻怬㚱冢䀋Ṣ ℙ㚱䘬忶⍣ẍ⍲⮵㖍㛔䘬㈿䇕ˤŎŰųųŪŴ 忚ᶨ㬍婾徘忁㛔㻓䔓炻㗗䓐ẍ堐忼⼴

IJıˢ⻝⽿‹炻˨䅙攨忳≽㻓䔓䘬䫎嘇⬠奨溆ʇʇẍ˪㿴䯫檀ㇳ˫䁢ἳ˩炷冢⊿烉⚳䩳冢⊿㔁做⣏⬠橼做⬠䲣䞼䨞

㇨䡑⢓婾㔯炻ijııĹ ⸜炸ˤ

㬾㮹ᷣ佑⮵ᷕ⚳冢䀋 ĩńũŪůŦŴŦġŕŢŪŸŢůĪ 䘬ず㄀㓭ḳ炻ḇ德忶㡺䎫忳≽炻Ἦ堐 徘䔘⊾ˣ㷜㛃冯⣙句炻忚侴溆↢㡺䎫⮵冢䀋Ṣ䓊䓇幓↮娵⎴䘬⓷柴炻᷎⚆ㅱ 冢䀋Ṣ㍍⍿㡺䎫忳≽䘬㬟䦳ˤ^IJIJ

⽆ ŎŰųųŪŴ 䘬㚠⮓冯娖慳炻㻓䔓㗗℟㚱ℵ䎦≇傥䘬⨺橼⨺ṳ炻忚ᶨ㬍⺞

Ỡ忳≽㻓䔓忁ᾳ㛸㕁ˤ忳≽㻓䔓ἄ䁢ᶨ䧖⨺橼䘬⼊⺷炻⛐↢䇰冯⁛㑕䘬忶䦳

ᷕ炻㗗ℵ䎦䣦㚫䑘⠫ˣ⿅゛ˣ橼做忳≽㔯⊾䫱䣦㚫⎬朊⎹䘬庱橼炻忳≽㻓䔓 䘬嘃㒔ᶾ䓴炻㚫⍿⇘䎦⮎ᶾ䓴䘬⼙枧炻⮯䛇⮎忳≽ᶾ䓴䘬ḳẞ冯䎦尉炻丒ℍ 㻓䔓㓭ḳᷕ炻䚠⮵䘬炻⮵䛇⮎忳≽ᶾ䓴䘬゛⁷冯㛇姙炻ḇ⎗傥㈽⮬⛐㻓䔓䘬

⚾⁷ᷳᷕ烊㬌⢾炻㻓䔓ἄ䁢⣏䛦ẹ攺⧃㦪䘬㳣≽炻⣏䛦⛐教嬨㗪炻ᶵ㕟䘬㍍

㓞㻓䔓㇨⏰䎦䘬㓭ḳ冯妲〗炻⛐佺䂱ᶵ⮇䘬ね㱩ᶳ炻⎗傥䓊䓇⎬䧖⿅゛ˣね デˣ娵⎴ˣↅ倂䫱ℏ⛐⿅䵺䘬⎔╂炻忚侴⺢㥳ᾳṢ䚳⼭ḳ䈑䘬奨溆ˤ㛔㔯㇨

婾⍲䘬忳≽㻓䔓䁢忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎⮎埴㛇攻㇨↢䇰䘬㔯㛔炻㻓䔓ℏ⭡悥㗗 䴻䓙⭀㕡ˬ⎴シ˭⼴㇨↢䇰䘬ℏ⭡炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻忁ṃ㻓䔓ℏ⭡炻ᶵℵ䲼䃞⏰

䎦㻓䔓⭞䘬⿅゛炻侴⎗傥ℵ㉓ᶲᶨⰌ⭀㕡䘬刚⼑炻ℵ≈ᶲ㬌㭝⮑㞍㛇攻炻ḇ 㗗冢䀋橼做忳≽冯㓧㱣ᷳ攻炻嗽⛐㤝䁢㙾㗏䘬昶㭝炻ˬṢ䁢≈ⶍ˭⼴䘬忳≽

㻓䔓炻⎗傥⬀⛐叿㝸ṃ㓧㱣≃慷炻忁ḇ㗗㛔㔯㇨㫚嗽䎮冯慸㶭䘬婚柴ˤ 䃞侴炻䞼䨞 IJĺķķ ⸜军 IJĺĹĸ ⸜䴻⚳䩳䶐嬗棐⮑㞍䘬㻓䔓炻⽭枰朊冐䘬㗗

⎚㕁䘬敽⤪炻冢䀋䎦⬀䴻⮑㞍ᷳ㻓䔓炻⣂ᾅ⬀㕤ᷕⳁ⚾㚠棐炻^IJij⚈㬌炻㛔㔯 䘬⎚㕁Ἦ㸸䁢ᷕⳁ⚾㚠棐㇨啷ᷳ㻓䔓炻䞼䨞侭⽆ᷕ䮑怠㻓䔓㓭ḳℏ⭡ᷕ炻ẍ

⎬䧖忳≽枭䚖䁢柴㛸ᷳ㻓䔓忚埴↮㜸ˤ

ຯȃᇃᢊၼଢ଼ᅞหޟюގ௑ל

㻓䔓⮑㞍⮎埴㛇攻炻ẍ橼做忳≽䁢柴㛸䘬忳≽㻓䔓炻㚦↢䇰 Ĵķĸ 悐ˤ⯙

IJIJˢAndrew D. Morris, Colonial Project, National Game: A History of Baseball in Taiwan. (California : University of California Press, 2011) , 116-117.

IJijˢᷕⳁ⚾㚠棐㕤 IJĺĺĹ ⸜ ĸ 㚰┇䓐炻㗗冢⊿ⶪ䩳⚾㚠棐㇨姕䩳䘬⚳ℏ䫔ᶨ㇨ẍ㻓䔓䁢䈡啷䘬↮棐炻棐ℏ啷㚱冢䀋 㖑㛇⚳䩳䶐嬗棐⮑㞍ᷳ㻓䔓ˣ㘖忂䳂冯庼⮶䳂ᷣ柴㻓䔓ˣ厗Ṣ㻓䔓⭞ἄ⑩ˣᷕ⢾㔯㻓䔓㛇↲ˣ㻓䔓䚠斄㚠䯵

⍲⼿䋶ἄ⑩䫱ˤᷕⳁ⚾㚠棐䯉ṳ炻ũŵŵűŴĻİİŵűŮŭįŨŰŷįŵŢŪűŦŪİŏŦŸŴŠńŰůŵŦůŵįŢŴűŹŀůľĵŇķķŇĶĶŇĴĹĹıĴĴłĸħŴŮŴľńŇŇŇńĺĴĹ ŃĴĶijķĸĹłħŴľĸijķĶĸıĵIJŇĸłłĴĺĺij炻ijıIJĺ ⸜ ķ 㚰 ijı 㖍㩊䳊ˤ

ᷕⳁ⚾㚠棐䘬棐啷屯㕁炻䞼䨞侭⮯徸⸜䘤埴㔠慷㔜䎮⤪ᶳ⚾ IJ炻攟㡅⚾㗗冢 䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘤埴䘬㔠慷炻㉀䶂⚾䁢冢䀋㻓䔓復⮑⼴炻㟠䘤➟䄏Ⅎ㔠䘬㔠慷炻 ℑ侭䘬㔠慷嵐⊊⣏农⏰䎦ᶨ农⿏䘬䘤⯽炻䃞侴⎬⸜䘬↢䇰㔠慷崟ặ炻䚖⇵᷎

㰺㚱嵛⣈䘬⎚㕁炻傥䡢⮎䘬婒㖶⮑㞍⇞⹎枺ⶫ⼴㇨ⷞἮ䘬堅㑲冯㔠㒂崟句ᷳ

攻䘬斄Ὢˤ^IJĴ



ϭϵϲϲϭϵϲϳϭϵϲϴϭϵϲϵϭϵϳϬϭϵϳϭϭϵϳϮϭϵϳϯϭϵϳϰϭϵϳϱϭϵϳϲϭϵϳϳϭϵϳϴϭϵϳϵϭϵϴϬϭϵϴϭϭϵϴϮϭϵϴϯϭϵϴϰϭϵϴϱϭϵϴϲϭϵϴϳ

忳≽㻓䔓㔠慷  ϰ ϭϮ ϴϬ ϴϰ ϭϮ ϭϯ ϭϬ ϭ   ϲ ϮϮ ϯϲ Ϯϱ ϯϬ Ϯϴ ϯ    

䘤䄏Ⅎ㔠  ϮϲϴϱϰϰϲϮϰϵϬϲϰϬϭϳϮϯϲϲϭϯϴϭϭϭϳϵϰϭϵ ϰϬϱ ϯϵϲ ϵϲϮϭϯϮϱϮϲϰϱϭϵϰϱϭϲϰϳϴϲϳ ϯϱϮ    

Ϭ

ϭϬ

ϮϬ

ϯϬ

ϰϬ

ϱϬ

ϲϬ

ϳϬ

ϴϬ

ϵϬ

Ϭ

ϭϬϬϬ

ϮϬϬϬ

ϯϬϬϬ

ϰϬϬϬ

ϱϬϬϬ

ϲϬϬϬ

კ 2Ǻᆵ᡼ၮ୏ᅐฝӚԃрހኧໆკ

ᇥܴ΋ǺวྣнኧޑޜқϐೀǴࠞܭ۔Бў਑ޑᚅӵǴԶคݤև౜Ƕ ᇥܴΒǺԓѿрހޗрހޑȠޜЋΐࢤȡ٠҂ၩӜрހԃǶ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺࣴزޣԾՉ᏾౛ǶวྣнኧЇԾ׵Պ໦ǴȠᡂ׎ǵຝቻᆶ಄ဦϯޑس᛼

ˇˇᅐฝޑЎϯࣴزȡȐᆵчǺዿໂǴ3123ȑǴ। 332Ƕ

⯙冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓徸⸜䘬↢䇰㔠慷Ἦ䚳炻㚱ℑᾳ庫䁢䨩↢䘬⛘㕡炻ᶨ㗗䘤 埴慷⯭ⅈ䘬 IJĺĸı ⸜炻ℙ䘤埴 Ĺĵ 悐忳≽㻓䔓炻℞㫉䁢 IJĺķĺ ⸜炻䘤埴 Ĺı 悐炻 㬌ℑ⸜忈ㆸ↢䇰慷⯭ⅈ䘬⍇⚈炻⎗傥㗗⍿⇘䲭叱⮹㡺ㇻ㓿㖍㛔斄大倗昲ˣᷕ

厗慹漵⮹㡺䌚⼿ᶾ䓴㡺䎫拎㧁岥ⅈ幵䘬⼙枧炻ⷞ≽㡺䎫㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻ḇ忋ⷞ 嬻⎬枭忳≽䘬㻓䔓䳃䳃↢䇰炻IJĺĸı ⸜⌛䘤埴 IJķ 䧖忳≽枭䚖䘬㻓䔓炻㗗忳≽

㻓䔓䧖栆䘤埴㔠慷⯭㫉䘬ᶨ⸜炻㚨⣂䘬ᶨ⸜㗗⛐ IJĺĸĺ ⸜炻ḇ㗗忳≽㻓䔓徸

IJĴˢ㛶堋暚冯昛ẚ῱䘮娵䁢䚖⇵㰺㚱嵛⣈䘬⎚㕁⼿ẍ婒㖶㻓䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎⮎㕥⼴炻忈ㆸ冢䀋㻓䔓䘬堘徨炻ẍ⍲㖍㛔 㻓䔓⛐冢䀋䚃埴䘬䎦尉ˤ⎎⢾炻㳒⽟湇憅⮵娚䎦尉⇯堐䣢炻⮑㞍⇅㛇炻㻓䔓䘬∝ἄ᷎㛒⍿⇘堅㑲炻IJĺĸķ ⸜⼴炻 㔠慷⍰徸㻠⡆≈炻⎗傥㗗⚳䩳䶐嬗棐攳㓦㖍㛔㻓䔓⮑㞍炻忈ㆸ↢䇰䣦⣏慷侣⌘㖍㛔㻓䔓䘬児僡䎦尉炻䇦⼴↢

䇰㔠慷ℵ⹎ᶳ旵䘬⍇⚈炻⿸㗗䈃⒍㩊冱㖍㛔㻓䔓侴 㬊⮑㞍㖍㛔㻓䔓㇨农ˤ㛶堋暚炻˪嬲⼊ˣ尉⽝冯䫎嘇⊾

䘬䲣嬄ʇʇ㻓䔓䘬㔯⊾䞼䨞˫炻枩 IJķĴĮIJķĵ烊昛ẚ῱炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓姀˫炻枩 ijĺ烊㳒⽟湇炻˪桐❶冢䀋㻓䔓 Ķı ⸜˫炻 枩 IJıĴĮIJıĶˤ

⸜↢䇰慷䘬⎎ᶨᾳ檀溆炻忈ㆸ↢䇰慷ℵ㫉㍸檀䘬⍇⚈炻⎗傥㗗 IJĺĸĹ ⸜㜙䩳

↢䇰䣦䘤埴˪⤥⮷⫸˫炻㬌㛔㻓䔓桐埴ℐ⎘炻忚侴⼙枧忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰ⶪ⟜炻 娚⸜䘤埴 Ĵķ 悐忳≽㻓䔓炻⊭⏓ IJĺ 䧖ᶵ⎴忳≽枭䚖䘬㻓䔓ˤ炷旬抬ᶨ炸

⛐忋临䘬㬟⎚㗪攻ᷕ炻冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬㔠慷炻⛐ IJĺķķ ⸜ˣIJĺĸĶ ⸜ˣ IJĺĸķ ⸜ẍ⍲ IJĺĹĵ ⸜军 IJĺĹĸ ⸜䘬屯㕁⏰䎦䨢䘥炻忁ᶵ㗗ẋ堐㔠⫿暞䘬䎦尉炻 ḇ᷎朆㬟⎚㕟塪䘬䨢䘥炻⮶农℞䎦尉炻⎗傥㗗⍿⇘忳≽㻓䔓棐啷䘬⓷柴炻䃉 㱽㬎㕟⛘婒㖶㗗忳≽㻓䔓↢䇰慷㍃暞䘬⸜ẋ炻㬌Ṏ䁢㛔䞼䨞ᷳ旸⇞炻℞ḇ栗 䣢↢忶⍣㓧⹄㨇斄⮵屯㕁ᾅ⬀䘬奨⾝ᶵ嵛ˤ

冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓㚦↢䇰忶 Ĵı 䧖忳≽枭䚖炻⊭⏓㡺䎫ˣ㊛㑲ˣ嵛䎫ˣ㝼忻ˣ

㌺䎫ˣ奺≃䫱 Ĵı 䧖炻℞ᷕ炻↢䇰慷㚨⣂侭䁢㡺䎫炻㚦↢䇰 IJijı 悐炻℞㫉䁢

㊛㑲ˣ嵛䎫炻↮⇍↢䇰 Ķij 悐ˣĴı 悐ˤ炷⚾ ij炸℞ᷕ㚱 IJı 悐㻓䔓炻ℏ⭡䘬㍷

丒ᶲ≈ℍ⣂䧖忳≽枭䚖炻㛔㔯ẍˬ䵄⎰⿏忳≽˭妰䬿烊^IJĵ⎎⢾炻˪⤏㜿⋡⃳

ᷳ娑˫㗗ẍ⎌⤏㜿⋡⃳忳≽㚫ᷳ㬟⎚丒ᷳ炻⇯ᶵ妰ℍ忳≽枭䚖䘬䧖栆ᷳᷕˤ





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ϱϮ

ϯϬϮϮ

ϭϲϭϭ ϭϬ ϵ ϵ ϵ ϵ ϴ ϴ ϳ ϲ ϱ ϰ ϰ ϰ ϰ ϯ ϯ ϯ Ϯ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

㡺 䎫

㊛ 㑲

嵛 䎫

㝼 忻

㌺ 䎫

䓘

⼹ 䵄

⎰

⿏ 奺

≃ 䨢 ㇳ 忻

䵚 䎫

㏼ 奺

剕 唦

㷠 㲛

䯫 䎫

㧬 㪾 䎫

㲘

㊛ 㬎 埻

㹄

⅘

∵ 忻

檀 䇦

⣓ 冒 埴 干

岥 楔

橼 㑵

ㇳ 䎫

㟴 䎫

⚳ 埻

佥 䎫

䚠 㑚

庇 䵚

㑆 䎫

კ 2dzᆵ᡼ၮ୏ᅐฝύӚၮ୏໨Ҟрހཷኧໆკ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺࣴزޣԾՉ᏾౛Ƕ

IJĵˢġ˪⬌䌐䘬嵹侭˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓䓘⼹⍲㌺䎫烊˪梃㮃儧˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓䓘⼹␴㡺䎫烊˪橼⡯ᶱ‹˫

㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓䓘⼹捰䎫ˣ䓘⼹㐸䪧嶛⍲㊛㑲烊˪⮷⮷忳≽⭞˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓䵚䎫⍲嶛丑烊˪漵 嗶⮹⸜˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓嵛䎫ˣ㡺䎫⍲㝼忻烊˪㔯㬎ℐㇵ˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓㊛㑲ˣ∵忻ˣ大㲳∵烊˪⮷

䎫䌳˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓㡺䎫⍲嵛䎫烊˪佼⏦≈㱡˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓㡺䎫⍲∵忻烊˪⪴⤛⣯ㇵ˫㍷徘 䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓䯫䎫ˣ㌺䎫ˣ䵚䎫ˣ嵛䎫ˣ㟴䎫⍲∵忻烊˪叔傥忳≽⒉˫㍷徘䘬忳≽枭䚖⊭⏓橼㑵ˣ㡺䎫ˣ 䨢ㇳ忻⍲∵忻ˤ

㟡㒂 IJĺķı ⸜ẋ军 IJĺĹı ⸜ẋ炻冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬䔓桐冯䚠斄䘬↢䇰妲〗炻

ᷣ天Ἦ㸸䁢㖍㛔炻㚨⣏䘬⚈䳈⎗傥㗗⛘䶋斄Ὢẍ⍲㔯⊾奒役⿏炻冢䀋㚦⍿㖍 㛔㬾㮹炻⛐㔯⊾冯デね䘬堐䎦ᶲ炻⍿㖍㛔䘬⼙枧庫⣏ˤ^IJĶ㬌⢾炻䎦ẋ忳≽枭 䚖䘬䘤⯽炻ḇᷣ天⛐㖍㱣㗪㛇⁛ℍ炻⽆⎬䳂⬠㟉䘬橼做婚䦳ẍ⍲䣦㚫橼做䘬 忳≽ᾙ㦪悐炻⺢䩳冢䀋Ṣ⮵㕤䎦ẋ忳≽䘬㤪⾝冯㈨埻炻^IJķ⌛ὧ⛐㇘⼴䘬⍣㖍 㛔⊾㓧䫾ᶳ炻⎬枭橼做忳≽枭䚖䘬䘤⯽炻⯌℞㗗㡺䎫炻ṵᾅ㚱㖍㛔忳≽㔯⊾

䘬怢䵺炻⚈侴↢䇰䣦⛐怠⍾忳≽㻓䔓䘬Ἦ㸸㗪炻侫慷冢䀋⮵㕤㖍㛔忳≽㔯⊾

䘬䅇〱䦳⹎炻忪ẍ㖍㛔忳≽㻓䔓䁢ᷣˤ

↢䇰⓮怠⍾忳≽㻓䔓䘬栆⇍㗪炻⽆冢䀋Ṣ䘬教嬨ㄋ佺⍲⮵忳≽枭䚖䘬冰 嵋䦳⹎Ἦ 䁢ⶪ⟜堉慷䘬㧁㸾炻᷎㟡㒂↢䇰⼴䘬䌚⇑ね⼊炻ℵ姽Ộ⼴临䘬↢

䇰㕡⎹ˤ⛐˨䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˩ᷕ炻㖶妪㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻⽭枰⃰䴻忶⚳

䩳䶐嬗棐䘬⮑㞍炻ᶼ⮑㞍屣䓐䁢㻓䔓ⓖ₡䘬⚃⋩᾵炻^IJĸ↢䇰䣦暨䡢ᾅ娚㻓䔓 䘬䆇㤕柵傥⣈崭忶⮑㞍屣䓐炻᷎ᶼ䌚⼿⇑㼌ˤ⚈侴⛐㻓䔓䘬怠㛸ᶲ栗⼿䚠䔞 慵天炻㬌ᶨ悐↮⇯㴱⍲⇘ℑᾳ㕡朊炻ᶨ㗗冢䀋橼做忳≽䘬䘤⯽炻Ḵ㗗㖍㛔忳

≽㻓䔓䘬柴㛸ˤ

⯙ IJĺķķ ⸜军 IJĺĹĸ ⸜攻炻冢䀋嗽㕤⮵⢾天冯ᷕ⚳⣏映㈿䇕炻䇕⍾⚳晃⛘

ỵ炻⮵ℏ⇯暨⍾⼿Ṣ㮹䘬ᾉ⽫冯娵⎴炻㬌ᶨ㗪㛇䘬橼做忳≽䘤⯽炻昌Ḯ䧵㤝 军⚳⢾忚埴Ṍ㳩ẍ⢾炻⮵ℏṎ⎹ᶳ䳖㟡䘤⯽忳≽ˣ➡梲Ṣㇵ炻㬌㭝㗪攻ᷕ炻 㡺䎫ˣ䯫䎫ˣ嵛䎫ˣ㊛㑲ˣ㌺䎫䫱媠⣂枭䚖䘮㚱军⚳ˣℏ⢾Ṍ㳩冯⚳⢾昲ẵ Ἦ冢㭼岥ᷳ䲨抬ˤ㚨䁢冰䚃侭䁢㡺䎫炻⍿⇘㖍㛔㬾㮹䘬斄Ὢ炻㡺䎫㛔㗗㮹攻 庫䁢冰䚃䘬忳≽炻ℵ≈ᶲ IJĺķĹ ⸜ᷕ㖍⍳婤㡺䎫岥ᷕ炻䲭叱⮹㡺ㇻ㓿㖍㛔斄

IJĶˢ㛶堋暚炻˪䥩̩㻓䔓̯⎴⯭䈑婆˫炷㕘⊿烉㕘㕘倆㔯⊾炻IJĺĺĺ ⸜炸炻枩 ĴIJˤ

IJķˢ㜿ᶩ⚳炻˨奨⾝ˣ䳬䷼冯⮎嶸烉㖍㱣㗪㛇冢䀋橼做忳≽ᷳ䘤⯽ ĩIJĹĺĶĮIJĺĴĸĪ˩炷⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠㬟⎚⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻 ijııĺ ⸜炸炻枩 ijķķˤ

IJĸˢ˨䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˩炻㔁做悐ˤIJĺķij ⸜ IJIJ 㚰 ĸ 㖍ˤ冢 ĶIJ 䣦⫿ IJĶĴijIJ 嘇ˤ

大倗昲ẍ⍲ IJĺķĺ ⸜慹漵⮹㡺昲⛐ᶾ䓴⮹㡺拎㧁岥ᷕ≯⤒ⅈ幵炻㚜≈㶙冢䀋 Ṣ⮵㕤㡺䎫䘬䅙ね炻⚈侴⛐↢䇰䘬忳≽枭䚖ᷕ炻㔠慷檀⯭䫔ᶨ炻昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻 㡺䎫㻓䔓䘬㔠慷⯭ⅈ炻ḇ冯㖍㛔⚳ℏ㡺䎫桐㯋冰䚃ẍ⍲㡺䎫㻓䔓↢䇰㔠慷䛦

⣂䚠斄ˤ

㊛㑲忳≽䘬↢䇰㔠慷⯭㫉炻⽆㬟⎚側㘗Ἦ䚳炻㬌㭝㗪㛇冢䀋䘬㊛㑲忳≽

Ṏ枿䁢䚃埴炻㚦⣂㫉䁢㇘⼴橼做䭨⍲⚳ㄞ㖍䫱慵天䭨㖍䘬堐㺼枭䚖炻᷎㕤⣂

⯮䚩忳㚫ⓖ䤐冱彎炻ᶼ㳦怋怠ㇳ⍫≈Ṇˣ⤏忳䫱⚳晃岥ḳ炻ḇ㚦怨婳㖍㛔ˣ 杻⚳ˣ厚⼳屻䫱⚳Ἦ冢Ṍ㳩炻䓂军㚦⛐ IJĺĸı ⸜冱彎ᷕ伶㊛岥㗪炻暨岤䤐ℍ

⟜炻ᶼ冢⊿ⶪ℔干嗽⛐㊛岥㛇攻≈攳䎕㫉炻ẍ䔷忳奨䛦炻^IJĹ栗夳㊛㑲忳≽⛐

IJĺķı ⸜ẋ⇘ IJĺĹı ⸜ẋᷳ攻炻枿⍿㮹䛦㬉彶ˤ

⯙↢䇰䣦䘬䩳⟜Ἦ婒炻䁢Ḯ䆇忳冯⇑㼌炻㚫ᶨℵ䘬㍐↢⎬䧖忳≽枭䚖䘬 忳≽㻓䔓炻ẍˬ娎㯜㹓˭䘬㕡⺷Ἦ娎㍊ⶪ⟜炻劍ⶪ⟜⍵ㅱ列⤥炻⌛堐䣢忳≽

㻓䔓䘬↢䇰炻㚱ᶨ⭂䘬ⶪỼ䌯ᶼ扟ⓖね⼊列⤥炻ἧ↢䇰⓮ᶨℵ↢䇰炻䃞侴↢

䇰䣦㇨↢䇰䘬忳≽㻓䔓炻᷎ᶵℐ䃞㗗ẍ冢䀋䅙攨䘬忳≽枭䚖䁢ᷣ炻ἳ⤪㇘⼴

⍿㓧⹄慵夾䘬䯫䎫炻⛐↢䇰㔠慷ᶲ㚱 ĸ 悐炻䯫䎫㻓䔓↢䇰慷ᶵ⣂䘬⍇⚈炻

⍿旸㕤冢䀋↢䇰䣦ẍ⺽忚㖍㛔䘬㻓䔓䁢ᷣ炻䔞㗪㖍㛔䘬䯫䎫㻓䔓᷎ᶵ冰䚃炻

↢䇰慷ḇ⮹炻忚侴⼙枧⇘冢䀋䘬↢䇰㔠慷炻䓙㬌⎗䞍炻↢䇰⓮昌Ḯ侫慷冢䀋

⣏䛦䘬╄⤥⢾炻↢䇰䘬⎴㗪炻ḇ枰侫慷㖍㛔㻓䔓䘬↢䇰ⶪ⟜ˤ

㖍㛔忳≽㻓䔓䘬柴㛸炻⍿⇘䫔Ḵ㫉ᶾ䓴⣏㇘䘬⼙枧炻IJĺĵĶ ⸜伶⚳幵ḳ

⊊≃Ỽ柀㖍㛔㛇攻炻冱↉⎗ẍ⭋㎂㖍㛔ッ⚳䱦䤆冯幵⚳ᷣ佑䘬㻓䔓炻⯌℞㗗 ẍ㬎⢓忳≽䁢柴㛸䘬㻓䔓炷㝼忻ˣ㏼奺ˣ䨢ㇳ忻炸炻䘮怕⇘䤩⇞炻䚜⇘ IJĺĶı

⸜ẋ湍⃳旧䐇㑌扟䤩Ẍ⼴炻㖍㛔忳≽㻓䔓攳⥳冰䚃炻㮹䛦䅙堟䘬㡺䎫ˣ㝼忻

IJĹˢ㛔⟙妲炻˨ᷕ伶㊛㑲㊹㇘岥ġ 㖶㖍崟冱埴ᶱ⣑˩炻˪倗⎰⟙˫炻IJĺĸı ⸜ Ķ 㚰 ijı 㖍炻䫔 Ĵ 䇰烊㛔⟙妲炻˨惵⎰

㊛岥ġ℔干≈䎕˩炻˪倗⎰⟙˫炻IJĺĸı ⸜ Ķ 㚰 ijij 㖍炻䫔 ķ 䇰ˤ

䫱忳≽炻䘮塓ἄ䁢忳≽㻓䔓䘬柴㛸ˤ^IJĺ冢䀋↢䇰䣦⺽忚㖍㛔⍇叿㗪炻⣂怠⍾

㖍㛔⠫ℏ䅙攨䘬㻓䔓炻ἄ䁢㍷㈬慵墥冯侣嬗䘬㧋㛔炻⤪˪ⶐṢ̯㗇˫ˣ˪㝼 忻ᶨ䚜䶂˫ˣ˪ͭ͜Ϋ̰ ŗ˫炻⺽忚冢䀋⼴炻䴻㍷㈬慵墥炻㓡ẍ˪⮹⸜櫼ㇳ 䎫˫ˣ˪㝼忻桐暚˫ˣ˪櫼⤛㌺䎫昲˫䫱⎵䧙↢䇰炻ḇ⚈㬌⛐冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓

㇨↢䇰䘬忳≽枭䚖ᶲ炻ḇ傥䚳⇘冢䀋庫ᶵ䅇〱䘬忳≽枭䚖炻⤪∵忻ˣㇳ䎫䫱ˤ 冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬↢䇰⼊⺷炻ᷣ天↮䁢冢䀋Ṣ冒埴∝ἄˣ㍷㈬慵墥㖍㛔㻓 䔓ˣ侣嬗㖍㛔㻓䔓ẍ⍲ˬ−層≈冒∝˭䫱⚃䧖㕡⺷ˤ冢䀋Ṣ冒埴∝ἄ䘬忳≽

㻓䔓炻⣏⣂↢䇰㕤 IJĺĸı ⸜ẋẍ⇵炻IJĺĸĶ ⸜⚳䩳䶐嬗棐攳㓦㖍㛔㻓䔓⮑㞍炻

℞㗪攻溆⣏农㗗㍷㈬慵墥⍲䚜㍍侣嬗㬌ℑ䧖↢䇰⼊⺷䘬↮㯜ⵢˤ

䓙冢䀋Ṣ冒埴∝ἄ䘬㻓䔓炻℞㔠慷㤝⮹炻㛔㔯㟡㒂㻓䔓⭞⍲丒䔓䘬桐 㟤冯堐䎦㕡⺷炻䚖⇵䡢䞍䁢㛔⛇∝ἄ䘬㻓䔓㚱˪㡺䎫徟⮷⬱⬱˫ˣ˪ℐ㛹忳

≽˫ˣ˪䎫徟ㆸ≇姀˫ˤ˪㡺䎫徟⮷⬱⬱˫㗗䓙∱冰㫥∝ἄ烊˪ℐ㛹忳≽˫

㗗䓙昛⭂㝅∝ἄ炻㚠ᷕ㍸⍲ᶨṢᶨ⃫忳≽烊^ijı˪䎫徟ㆸ≇姀˫㗗䓙㜿⺢⊛∝

ἄˤ

⽆㻓䔓⮑㞍攳⥳军 IJĺĸĴ ⸜炻冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓⣂ẍ㍷㈬慵墥㖍㛔㻓䔓䘬⼊

⺷↢䇰ˤẍ㖍㛔⍇䇰䘬忳≽㻓䔓䁢㛔炻㒟⍾ℐ悐ㆾ㗗悐↮䘬ℏ⭡炻䓙冢䀋㻓 䔓⭞忚埴㍷㈬炻㓭ḳ䘬ね䭨冯ℏ⭡䘬㍷丒炻⣏农冯⍇㛔䚠⎴炻㚨⣏䘬ⶖ䔘㗗

⛐㻓䔓䔓㟤䘬㔠慷炻⮯㖍㛔㻓䔓ᶨ枩⣂㟤䘬⼊⺷炻㓡丒ㆸ IJĺķı ⸜ẋ军 IJĺĸı

⸜ẋ冢䀋㻓䔓㔯㱽橼䲣烉ᶨ枩ᶱ㭝⺷䔓㱽炻^ijIJℵ慵㕘␥⎵㻓䔓㚠⎵⼴↢䇰炻

IJĺˢᾅ伭 Ʉ 吃㉱䵕 ĩőŢŶŭġňųŢŷŦŵŵĪ炻˪㖍㛔㻓䔓 ķı ⸜˫炷忋よ⸠ˣ湫⏃ㄏˣ悺枴厗ˣ⼸ㄞ暗嬗炸炷冢⊿烉大忲姀㔯⊾炻 ijııķ ⸜炸炻枩 Ķĵ烊㜦䓘〝䣢炻˨ͱΕΰͼ̩ΖΫͤʇ䓇㳣ᶾ䓴̬̋̒͌ͱΕΰͼ̹̯妋慰䘬͚ΏΥΰ͹ʇ˩炻

˪⣏ㇳ⇵⤛⫸⣏⬠婾普˫炷㖍㛔烉⣏ㇳ⇵⣏⬠炻IJĺĺĴ ⸜ IJij 㚰炸烉枩 IJĺĺĮijııˤ

ijıˢIJĺķĹ ⸜ ķ 㚰炻㣲⁛⺋䘤崟ˬᶨṢᶨ⃫忳≽˭炻䲨㓧ḇ枧ㅱ㬌枭忳≽炻ⶴ㛃⮯⊇㋸㇨⼿炻⮯ᷕ厗ℐ⚳橼做⋼忚 㚫㚫㇨㓡⺢䁢䫎⎰⚳晃㧁㸾䘬橼做⟜棐炻ẍ➡做忳≽Ṣㇵ炻䘤⯽ℐ㮹橼做炻ょ㚨䳪㛒傥⮎䎦℞䚖㧁炻Ữ⌣㓗

㊩⎬䷋ⶪ冰⺢冯㓡┬橼做䚠斄姕㕥ˤ埴㓧昊橼做⥼⒉㚫炻˪ᷕ厗㮹⚳⺢⚳ IJıı ⸜橼做⮰廗烉⚾婒橼做˫炷冢⊿烉 橼⥼㚫炻ijıIJIJ ⸜炸炻枩 IJĴĵˤ

ijIJˢ㛶堋暚炻˪嬲⼊ˣ尉⽝冯䫎嘇⊾䘬䲣嬄ʇʇ㻓䔓䘬㔯⊾䞼䨞˫炻枩 ijıĵĮijıĸˤ

⤪㖍㛔叿⎵㡺䎫㻓䔓˪ⶐṢ̯㗇˫炻⌛䴻䓙⬳㢖Ⱉ炷䫮⎵䁢列Ⱉ炸㍷㈬慵墥

⼴炻⮯㓭ḳ忚埴↯√炻↮⇍ẍ˪⮹⸜櫼ㇳ䎫˫ˣ˪㜙㕡㈽ㇳ˫ˣ˪㕳桐㈽ㇳ˫

ᷳ⎵↢䇰ˤ䞼䨞侭䴙妰 IJĺķķ ⸜军 IJĺĹĸ ⸜↢䇰䣦䘬↢䇰㔠慷炻栗䣢↢ IJĺĸĵ

⸜ẍ⇵炻⣏㖶䌳㮷↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠ˣ㘢㖶↢䇰䣦⍲㔯扺↢䇰䣦䫱炻㗗ẍ㍷㈬慵 墥䁢ᷣ䘬↢䇰䣦ˤ

⎎⢾炻IJĺĸĶ ⸜⚳䩳䶐嬗棐攳㓦㖍㛔㻓䔓⮑㞍⼴炻↢䇰䣦⮯㖍㛔⍇䇰㻓 䔓䚜㍍侣嬗炻⟿㓡⏓㚱㖍㔯ℏ⭡ˣ忶⹎墠曚ẍ⍲ᶵ䫎㱽夷ㆾ㗪⭄䘬䔓朊⼴炻 忚埴↢䇰炻ᷣ天䘬↢䇰䣦䁢㜙䩳↢䇰䣦ˣ嘡⃱↢䇰䣦ˣ⯡⢓㚤↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠ˣ 冢䀋⽿ㆸ↢䇰䣦䫱ˤ

昌ᶲ徘ᶱ栆ẍ⢾炻⯂㚱ᶨ栆䈡㬲䘬⼊⺷炻㗗ẍˬ−層˭㕡⺷≈ᶲ冢䀋 Ṣ冒∝侴ㆸ䘬忳≽㻓䔓炻ἳ⤪˪䲭叱⣏⊅ᶾ䓴ⅈ幵昲˫⍲˪ᷕ厗慹漵˫炻㬌 ℑ㛔㻓䔓䘬ℏ⭡炻㗗㟡㒂⮎晃㭼岥忶䦳㍷丒侴↢炻䃞侫⮇㻓䔓䘬丒䔓桐㟤ẍ

⍲堐䎦⼊⺷炻㗗ẍ㖍㛔㻓䔓䘬桐㟤䁢ᷣ橼炻怠⍾⎰怑䘬㡺䎫䔓朊炻㊤㷲↢冯 㭼岥忶䦳䚠䫎䘬㡺䎫㈽ㇻℏ⭡炻℞ᷕ冯㭼岥䚠斄䘬䌐㚱䔓朊炻⇯䓙冢䀋Ṣ丒 墥炻⤪˪䲭叱⣏⊅ᶾ䓴ⅈ幵昲˫ᷕ炻䲭叱⮹㡺昲⛐㍍役⊅⇑㗪炻奨䛦⽆奨䛦 ⷕᶲ᷇ᶳῤ拊䈑⑩ˤ侴㬌炻ḇ䓊䓇㚱⇍㕤ᶲ徘ᶱ栆䘬䈡㬲↢䇰⼊⺷ˤ

⛐↢䇰䣦㕡朊炻㻓䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎㛇攻炻ℙ㚱 Ķĵ ⭞↢䇰䣦↢䇰忳≽㻓䔓炷⚾

Ĵ炸炻℞ᷕẍ㜙䩳↢䇰䣦䘬㔠慷⯭⣂炻ℙ↢䇰 ĵij 悐忳≽㻓䔓炻⊭⏓ IJķ 䧖忳

≽枭䚖炻ẍ㡺䎫枭䚖䘬↢䇰慷⯭⣂炻↢䇰㗪攻㗗⛐ IJĺĸĶ ⸜⚳䩳䶐嬗棐攳㓦 㖍㛔㻓䔓⮑㞍ᷳ⼴炻普ᷕ㕤 IJĺĸĹ ⸜军 IJĺĹij ⸜ˤ䘤埴慷⯭㫉䘬㗗⣏㖶䌳㮷↢

䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻↢䇰㗪攻普ᷕ㕤 IJĺķĺ ⸜军 IJĺĸı ⸜炻↢䇰 ĴĴ 悐忳≽㻓䔓炻⊭

⏓ IJIJ 䧖忳≽枭䚖炻Ṏẍ㡺䎫㻓䔓⯭⣂ˤ





კ 3dzрހޗၮ୏ᅐฝрހኧໆკ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺࣴزޣԾՉ᏾౛Ƕ

IJĺķĸ ⸜军 IJĺĸĴ ⸜忳≽㻓䔓䘬ⓖ₡炻Ỷ军 ĵ ⃫炻檀军 ijı ⃫炻㚱˪Ḽ嗶

⮯˫⍲˪嵛䎫⣏⮯˫ℑ㛔㻓䔓ⓖ₡䁢 ijı ⃫炻℞Ṿ⣂㔠㻓䔓⭂₡䁢 ĸįĶ ⃫炻 IJĺĸĵ ⸜⼴㇨↢䇰䘬㻓䔓炻ⓖ₡ẍ ijıſĴı ⃫⯭⣂炻ⓖ₡䘬廱嬲炻冯㻓䔓䘬↢䇰

⼊⺷⽆㍷㈬慵墥⇘䚜㍍侣嬗䚠斄炻㍷㈬慵墥䘬㻓䔓䳁岒庫䁢䰿≋炻⯢⮠⣏䲬 㗗 łĶ炻䚜㍍侣嬗䘬⯢⮠⍰ℵ䔍⮷炻䲬卓㗗 Ńķ 䘬⣏⮷ˤIJĺĸĶ ⸜攳㓦㖍㛔㻓䔓 復⮑⼴炻姙⣂↢䇰䣦⣏慷↢䇰㖍㛔㻓䔓炷㚜䱦䡢䘬婒㗗ˬ䚄䇰˭㖍㛔㻓䔓炸炻 㬌⼴炻↢䇰䣦⮯冢䀋㻓䔓ⶪ⟜ⷞℍ ijı ⃫军 Ĵı ⃫ᶨ㛔䘬尒厗䇰⸜ẋˤ^ijij

⯙䔞㗪䘬ⓖ₡冯䓇㳣㯜⸛Ἦ䚳炻ⓖ₡䬿㗗奒㮹炻ẍ IJĺķķ ⸜䁢ἳ炻⚳Ṣ 娚⸜䘬䓇䓊₡ῤ䁢 ĺĭĺķĵ ⃫炻⸛⛯ᶨᾳ㚰䘬䓇䓊₡ῤ䲬䁢 ĹĴı ⃫炻IJĺķķ ⸜ᶨ 㛔㻓䔓ⓖ₡ ĸįĶ ⃫炻⌈ᶨᾳ㚰䓇䓊₡ῤ䘬 ıįĺĦ烊⎎劍ẍ IJĺĹĴ ⸜䁢ἳ炻⚳Ṣ

ijijˢ昛ẚ῱炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓姀˫炻枩 ĹĶĮĹķˤ

⸜䓇䓊₡ῤ䁢 IJIJķĭĴĴĶ ⃫炻⸛⛯ᶨᾳ㚰䓇䓊₡ῤ䁢 ĺĭķĺĵ ⃫炻娚⸜ᶨ㛔㻓䔓

ⓖ₡ Ĵı ⃫炻⌈ᶨᾳ㚰䓇䓊₡ῤ ıįĴĦ炻䃞侴㖑㛇㻓䔓ṵ側屈叿屈朊䘬㧁䰌炻 傥岤ℍ㻓䔓䘬㕷佌᷎ᶵ⣂炻IJĺķı ⸜ẋ攳⥳炻㻓䔓䘬㳩忂䭉忻攳⥳⽆㚠⯨岤 屟ˣ妪教炻廱⎹ẍ䦇㚠⸿䁢ᷣ炻㭷㛔㻓䔓ẍⓖ₡䘬⋩↮ᷳᶨἮ妪⭂䦇慹炻╖

埴㛔㻓䔓⛐䦇㚠⸿䘬⺋㲃㳩忂炻忁ḇ嬻⃺䪍ˣ曺⮹⸜嬨侭ᶵ⽭䃞⍿旸㕤䇞㭵 䘬䭉㜇炻庫庽㖻⛘㍍妠冯教嬨㻓䔓炻忁ḇ㒜⣏㻓䔓䘬㼃⛐嬨侭佌炻䦇㚠⸿䘬

⺋䩳炻ἧ⼿㻓䔓教嬨㚜≈⛘㘖⍲⊾ˤ^ijĴ

⽆㔜橼䘬忳≽㻓䔓↢䇰ね㱩Ἦ䚳炻⍿⇘㱽夷䘬枺ⶫ冯➟埴炻冢䀋忳≽㻓 䔓䘬↢䇰炻⣂ẘ岜⢾䧧炻↢䇰䣦䁢℞⓮㤕⇑䙲炻⺽忚㖍㛔㻓䔓炻忚埴慵墥㍷

丒冯⟿㓡侣嬗⼴炻慵㕘␥⎵⼴↢䇰炻⛐忁ᾳ㍷㈬慵墥ㆾ䚜㍍侣嬗䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻 䁢傥枮⇑忂忶⮑㞍炻⛐㓭ḳ䘬攳柕冯䳸⯦⣂㚱ˬṢ䁢≈ⶍ˭䘬悐↮炻℞ḇ㥳 ㆸ冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓⛐⮑㞍㛇攻䘬䌐䈡㔯㛔䳸㥳ˤ

㡌ȃቷࢥڙ࡙ήၼଢ଼ᅞหޟМҏৈၯ

⽆㱽夷䘬夷䭬Ἦ䚳炻IJĺķķ ⸜枺ⶫ䘬˨䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˩䫔ᶨ㡅烉 㓧⹄䁢怑ㅱḳ⮎暨天炻≈⻟忋䑘⚾䔓䶐⌘ᷳ庼⮶炻ẍ䵕嬟⮹⸜⃺䪍幓⽫‍

⹟炻⍲旚㬊℞Ṿᶵ列⼙枧崟夳炻䈡妪⭂㛔彎㱽ˤ^ijĵ㬌㡅㔯夷⭂忋䑘⚾䔓䘬ℏ

⭡炻⽭枰怑⎰⮹⸜⃺䪍教嬨ˤ⎎⢾炻˨䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˩䫔ḅ㡅夷

⭂炻忋䑘⚾䔓復婳⮑㞍㗪炻䘤埴Ṣㆾ叿ἄṢㅱ㩊復䧧㛔ℑấ炻᷎㊱ℐ㚠ⓖ₡

ᷳ⚃⋩᾵丛䲵⮑㞍屣炻⎗夳℞⮑㞍屣䓐檀㖪炻㬌⢾炻IJĺķķ ⸜⼴映临枺ⶫ䘬 㱽夷ℏ⭡䷩⣂ˣ⮑㞍侭䘬ᷣ奨⮑㞍ẍ⍲⮑㞍䘬埴㓧䦳⸷䷩䐋屣㗪炻⮶农冢䀋 㻓䔓⭞⣂㫯䫮ㆾ㗗廱㤕炻^ijĶỮ㗗㻓䔓↢䇰䣦ṵ天䆇忳炻䁢Ḯ䆇⇑䓇⬀炻⎒⤥

廱侴⺽忚⢾䧧炻䁢嬻㻓䔓傥⣈枮⇑忂忶⮑㞍炻㗗⏎䓊䓇㝸䧖㻓䔓䘬⣿⺷␊烎

ijĴˢ㛶堋暚炻˪嬲⼊ˣ尉⽝冯䫎嘇⊾䘬䲣嬄ʇʇ㻓䔓䘬㔯⊾䞼䨞˫炻枩 ijıı烊∱䵕䐃炻˨⣯⽫⥁゛炻䦇Ἦ䘬ᶾ䓴˩炻

˪奨冢䀋˫炷冢⋿炻ijıIJķ ⸜ ĵ 㚰炸烉枩 IJIJĮIJĴˤ

ijĵˢ˨䶐⌘忋䑘⚾䔓庼⮶彎㱽˩炻㔁做悐ˤIJĺķij ⸜ IJIJ 㚰 ĸ 㖍ˤ

ijĶˢ㳒⽟湇㊯↢炻⮑㞍⇞⹎枺ⶫ⼴炻侩ᶨ廑䘬㻓䔓⭞⣏悥ᶵ⛐≽䫮炻ㆾ㗗廱侴∝ἄᶵ䓐⮑㞍䘬暄娴ˣ⟙䳁ˤ⎎㚱 㻓䔓⭞⚈㬌廱㤕炻⤪⼸渺湇㓡埴╖㕭忲♖⮶ˣ昛㴟嘡㓡䔓㍺䔓ˣ㜿⣏㜦ẍ⌘⇟ˣ↢䇰⸤⃺㔁㛸䁢㤕䫱ˤ⺽冒 㳒⽟湇炻˪桐❶冢䀋㻓䔓 Ķı ⸜˫炻枩 IJıIJ烊昛ẚ῱炻˪冢䀋㻓䔓姀˫炻枩 ķIJˤ

㜙䩳↢䇰䣦∝彎Ṣ劫叔㤈㊯↢烉ˬрހޗाғӸǴѱ൑ΨԖሡ؃Ƕ܌а ջ٬ҁβബբᡂϿǴךॺଌቩޑнኧ٠ؒԖ࣬ჹᡂϿǴӢࣁεໆ௦Ҕ᝿ዺԋ ࣁ྽ਔӢᔈޑ௛ࡼ˭^ijķ炻⍵㗈↢冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓⣂ẍ㍷㈬慵墥⍲䚜㍍侣嬗㖍㛔 㻓䔓Ἦ↢䇰炻↢䇰䣦䁢Ḯ䡢ᾅ㻓䔓ℏ⭡䫎ㅱ㱽夷䘬夷䭬炻枮⇑忂忶⮑㞍炻⍾

⼿⮑㞍➟䄏炻埵䓇↢㻓䔓㓭ḳ攳柕ㆾ䳸⯦≈ᶲˬ㽨⊝妨婆˭䘬㕡⺷炻⤪⎴㇘

⼴炻ἄ㔯㚠⮓䘬䳸⯦炻⽭枰≈ᶲˬ⍵㓣⣏映ˣ妋㓹⎴傆˭炻ẍ⇑⍾⼿檀↮ˤ

⯙冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓侴妨炻ˬ㽨⊝妨婆˭⎗媪䁢㻓䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎㗪㛇㇨䔁ᶳ䘬 䈡㬲⌘姀炻ℏ⭡⣂↢䎦㕤㓭ḳ攳柕冯䳸⯦炻⛐㓭ḳ攳柕↢䎦䘬㔯⫿ℏ⭡炻⣂

ẍ㈨㑲栆忳≽㻓䔓䁢ᷣ炻⛐㓭ḳ䳸⯦䘬忳≽㻓䔓䧖栆⇯ᶵ㊀ˤ

㓭ḳ䳸⯦㇨↢䎦䘬ℏ⭡炻⣏⣂㗗⁛怆橼做忳≽䘬䚖䘬冯₡ῤ炻ἳ⤪ˬᡏ ػၮ୏ޑҞޑǴࢂࣁΑம଼يЈǴՠӧၮ୏ਔǴᔈݙཀԾρޑᡏΚک଼நރ ᄊǴί࿤όाၸܭቃਗ਼کࠀமѐЍ࡭Ǵց߾ߡԖཞค੻ΑǶ˭^ijĸㆾ㗗ˬɃɃ

׆ఈ᠐ޣૈᡏ཮р༇Ꮯӛ΢Ǵᗝᗗᡏ਱Ǵი໗ᆒઓޑख़ाǴόाаݓфٰӳ

߿ର࣎ǴࣁߚբИǶ˭^ijĹ⎎⢾炻ḇ㚱德忶忳≽㻓䔓䘬㓭ḳℏ⭡炻㇨⺽⮶↢䘬 㘖ᶾ₡ῤ炻⤪ˬѨ௳ࢂԋфϐ҆ǴԖၸѨ௳ޑ௲૽Ǵ׳཮ᐟଆରדɃɃ˭ˣ^ijĺ ˬӚΓޑၗ፦ᗨԖଯեϐϩǴՠࢂѝाոΚǴѳΥҭёയϺωǴ߫၉ᇥǺԋ фޑઝ೘ࢂȬ΋ϩϺωǴΐϩոΚȭǶ೭ѡ၉ᇥளࡐԖၰ౛ߓǶ˭^Ĵı

忁ṃ⮵忳≽㬋⎹₡ῤ䘬斉徘ℏ⭡ㆾ㗗啱䓙橼做忳≽Ἦ⺞Ỡ嗽ḳ䘬₡ῤ奨

⾝炻㖑⽆ IJĺĶĴ ⸜哋ᷕ㬋㇨䘤堐䘬˪㮹䓇ᷣ佑做㦪ℑ䭯墄徘˫ᷕ炻ὧ㍸⇘烉ˬ؂

΋ᅿᡏػǴคፕࢂᆛౚǵىౚǵᖻາ܈ࢂიᡏᏹǴ೿Ԗځೕ߾Ƕ೭٤ೕ߾ޑ ےԑᔈ၀ࢂჹܭୖуၮ୏ޑΓǴᗝᗗځঁΓޑࠔ਱ǴᎦԋځӝբᆶ୍ܺޑᆒ

ijķˢ唕㸀㔯炻˪㻓䔓䞼䨞烉⁛㑕奨溆䘬㩊夾˫炻枩 ĵijĮĵĵˤ

ijĸˢ㔯㘢ˣ㖶⬿炻˪嵛䎫‍⮯䫔 IJĶ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㘢㖶↢䇰䣦炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 IJıĸˤ

ijĹˢ˪㝼忻⮷慹∃䫔 ijĶ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㴟桐↢䇰䣦㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺĹIJ ⸜炸炻枩 ķIJˤ娚㻓䔓䓙↢䇰䣦䚜㍍侣嬗ˤ ijĺˢ佼㔯炻˪櫼䎫㕳桐儧䫔 ĵ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯扺↢䇰䣦炻IJĺĸı ⸜炸炻枩 IJıĹˤ

Ĵıˢ➡⃫炻˪揝兪漵嗶櫍ᶳ普˫炷冢⊿烉⽿㖶↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĹ ⸜炸炻枩 IJijĵˤ

ઓǴ٬ځԋࣁ଼ӄޑϦ҇Ƕ˭^ĴIJ炻㈹ㆾ㗗 IJĺĸIJ ⸜䴻㾇悐㙐㇨Ⱄ㨇㥳䫔Ḵ⯮⒉ ⶍ忳≽⣏㚫ᷕ炻㗪ả䴻㾇悐悐攟⬓忳䑧㊯↢烉ˬɃɃᖐၮ୏ε཮ޑҞޑǴջ

୻Ꭶ঩πϕշӝǴӕЈڐΚǴᅾᅽ࣬ॸǴҒधᆶӅޑიᡏᆒઓǾǾӧၮ୏ᝡ ᖻύᎦԋ҇ЬǵݤݯޑᆒઓǴ٬؂΋ၮ୏঩ࣣૈӚ৖܌ߏԶΞૈᆶдΓکᒋ

࣬ೀǴӝբค໔ɃɃ˭炻^Ĵijˬ橼做忳≽˭䘮㈖㺼叿⁛怆㬋⎹≃慷炻ẍ⍲⺞Ỡ 䁢夷妻ᾳṢ嗽ḳン⹎䘬奺刚ˤ

橼做忳≽㇨℟⁁䘬㼃⛐䈡岒炻⤪⛀䳸ˣ≒≃ˣ℔⸛䪞䇕ˣ㚵⽆ˣ⬰㱽䫱炻 悥㗗⛐⦩㪲䴙㱣ᷳᶳ炻ṇ㕤塓㍐ⲯ冯㍸Έ䘬妨婾炻ẍ⟹忈⚳㮹忻⽟䱦䤆炻⚈

㬌炻⽆⭀㕡⇘㮹攻䘬婾徘炻橼做忳≽悥偑屈叿⭋⮶忳≽䘬⤥嗽冯Ṣ䓇₡ῤ奨

⾝炻⛐㇨媪⽭枰ˬ䵕嬟⮹⸜⃺䪍幓⽫‍⹟˭䘬㻓䔓夷⭂ᷕ炻↢䇰⓮⛐ℏ⭡ᶲ炻

≈ℍ⻟婧橼做忳≽冯嗽ḳ䘬奨⾝炻ḇ䫎⎰㓧⹄㇨㫚㍸Έ䘬㮹㕷䱦䤆ˤ

昌Ḯ⁛怆橼做忳≽䘬冯Ṣ䓇₡ῤ奨⢾炻ḇ德忶㔯⫿䘬㔀徘炻Ἦ㍸Έ橼做 忳≽䘬䘤⯽炻ἳ⤪⛐˪⮹⸜⚳埻䌳˫ᶨ㚠䘬㓭ḳ攳柕⮓忻烉

ך୯ޑЎ٣ݓфǴᐕж೿ࢂ㺓㺓ᇲᇲޑǴёࢂԾమж҃ယаٰǴ ߡ΋Ϻόӵ΋ϺǴЀځࢂݓೌǴҞ߻ςᖿܭԄ༾ǴࣗԿԖѨ໺ϐ

༈Ǵᇥٰ੿зΓགඉ࿤ίǶ୯ೌࢂךॺύ๮҇௼ޑ୯ᆐǴό໻ё аᗝᗗᡏᎷǴԶЪዕಞ୯ೌǴঁΓ׳ёаȨٛيȩȨլኪȩǴК ଆՋࢩৼᔐکВҁࢋၰǴჴӧ׳ࣁԖҔǶ܌аךॺ೭ԃߙޑ΋жǴ

ाॄଆਁᑫ୯ೌǴගঀ୯ೌޑೢҺǴ٬ӄ୯ӕझǴΓΓ೿ԋࣁம

଼ޑ୯҇Ǵ຾Զ٬ךॺӈ઒ӈےᒪ๏ךॺޑ๊מǴѶඦΪШࣚǶ⁴⁴

⛐ᶲ徘忁㭝㔯⫿ᷕ炻䚳⇘䘬ᶵ㗗䁢Ḯ忂忶⮑㞍㱽夷㇨㑘⮓侴↢䘬㔯⫿

侴⶚炻⽆˪⮹⸜⚳埻䌳˫↢䇰䘬㗪攻冯䔞㗪䘬䣦㚫側㘗Ἦ䚳炻㬌㭝㔯⫿炻ḇ 惵⎰叿㓧⹄㇨㍐≽䘬ᷕ厗㔯⊾⽑冰忳≽炻Ἦ㍐⺋冯⻟婧ᷕ厗㮹㕷㇨⚢㚱䘬㮹

ĴIJˢ哋ᷕ㬋炻˪㮹䓇ᷣ佑做㦪ℑ䭯墄徘˫炷冢⊿烉ᷕ⣖㔯䈑炻IJĺĶĴ ⸜炸炻枩 ijijĶˤ

Ĵijˢ檀晬妲炻˨⬓忳䑧≱⊝䴻悐⒉ⶍ忳≽⣏㚫ġ㈲忳≽䱦䤆ⷞ忚ⶍἄᷕ˩炻˪䴻㾇㖍⟙˫炻IJĺĸIJ ⸜ IJIJ 㚰 ijIJ 㖍炻䫔 ķ 䇰ˤ ĴĴˢᶾ晬炻˪⮹⸜⚳埻䌳䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㚫㔯㚠⸿炻IJĺķĸ ⸜炸炻枩 ijˤ

㕷橼做ˤ

ℵ侭炻ḇ㚱⭋⁛㕘冰忳≽䘬ℏ⭡炻⛐˪ㇳ䎫暁劙˫䘬䳸⯨㍸⇘烉ˬЋౚ ӧҞ߻όε೏ޗ཮΢Γγख़ຎǴ೭Ѹ໪җیٰਁᑫ˭^Ĵĵẍ⍲ˬɃɃΓᕴा۳

΢ݽǴ׆ఈ೭໨Ћౚޑཥၮ୏ૈਁଆεৎޑᑫ፪کݙཀǶ˭^ĴĶ德忶㻓䔓䘬㓭 ḳ⿏⺽⮶炻Ἦ⁛㑕㕘冰忳≽枭䚖炻嬻⣏䛦啱䓙㻓䔓Ἦ䝕妋冯㍍妠㕘冰忳≽炻 忁ḇ㗗㻓䔓ἄ䁢⨺橼⁛㑕ⶍ℟炻⮯忳≽䞍嬀⊾䘬忶䦳ˤ

⎎⢾炻⛐㓭ḳ攳柕䘬ˬ㽨⊝妨婆˭炻䁢ỽ⣂↢䎦⛐㈨㑲忳≽栆䘬㻓䔓炻

⤪㊛㑲ˣ㬎埻㻓䔓烎ᷣ天㗗⚈䁢㈨㑲忳≽䘬䈡㬲⿏炻⛐ℏ⭡䘬㍷丒ᶲ庫䁢㙜

≃炻⚈㬌炻ⷠ㚫⛐㓭ḳ攳柕ˬㇻ枸旚憅˭炻ẍᶨ⮷㭝䘬㔯⫿炻⺽⮶嬨侭叿慵

⛐忳≽忶䦳㇨ⷞἮ䘬㬋⎹₡ῤ冯䱦䤆炻侴朆忳≽䘬㙜≃忶䦳炻⭋⮶㬋䡢䘬奨

⾝ˤἳ⤪⛐˪揝兪䓇㬣櫍˫䘬㓭ḳ攳柕炻㗗忁㧋⺽⮶嬨侭䘬烉

ҁጇࢂаࢋၰࣁङඳޑউ౛௲ػࡺ٣Ƕඔᛤ΋ঁӳയԶॽமޑϿ ԃǴдᏧ๱΋ި຾ڗޑ༸ࠂǴӧࢋၰޑნୱύѐ൨؃ԾρޑҞ኱Ƕ ӕਔǴӧࡺ٣ύ᠎ԎрࡡЈکϺωޑКၨǴа೭ঁЬᚒٰ଺ࣁჹ ӚՏ᠐ޣޑ΋ᅿ௴ҢǶ⁴⁷

㚱嵋䘬㗗炻⛐㈨㑲忳≽栆䘬㻓䔓ᷕ炻昌Ḯ冯⻟幓‍橼℟㚱⻟䁰䘬斄Ὢ

⢾炻㚜⭡㖻䚳⇘冯㓧㱣ㆾ⍵ℙシ嬀㚱㇨忋䳸䘬ℏ⭡炻ἳ⤪⛐˪䨢ㇳ㬎埻˫䘬 攳柕炻⮓忻烉

ҁਜӧឍඦךύ๮҇௼மيፁ୯ޑ໺಍ݓೌǴѺରКݓԑӧନኪ ӼؼǴԶߚઇᚯݤइǴӳ߿ର࣎Ǵ೶ঁΓϨኪǶӧ୯ᜤ྽ᓐǴआ ᅾᐉࢬޑϞϺǴךॺӧ࿶ᔮ΢Ǵࡹݯ΢Ǵό໻ा଺ډᕷᄪ൤ىǴ Ծҗ҇ЬޑӦ؁ǹӧ௲ػ΢ǵ୯ٛ΢Ǵ׳ा଺ډϢЎϢݓǴᏼॄ

௱୯௱ШޑӾծǼ⁴⁸

Ĵĵˢ䄏厗炻˪ㇳ䎫暁劙䫔 ĵ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯扺↢䇰䣦炻IJĺĸĴ ⸜炸炻枩 ĹĹˤ ĴĶˢ䄏厗炻˪ㇳ䎫暁劙䫔 ĵ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯扺↢䇰䣦炻IJĺĸĴ ⸜炸炻枩 Ĺĺˤ Ĵķˢ➡⃫炻˪揝兪䓇㬣櫍䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉⽿㖶↢䇰䣦㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĹ ⸜炸ˤ

Ĵĸˢ˪㊛䌳䇕曠㇘䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯ⶅ㚠䣦炻IJĺĸĺ ⸜炸ˤ娚㻓䔓䓙↢䇰䣦䚜㍍侣嬗ˤ

⛐˪㊛䌳䇕曠㇘˫䘬˨䶐叿䘬娙˩炻ḇ㚱䚠栆Ụ䘬ℏ⭡烉

ৼᔐКᖻԖਔᗨ཮ၸܭූהǴՠࣁΑߦ຾ӄ҇ᡏػǴமيߥ୯Ǵ ךॺΨόёȨӢቒቲ१ȩǶךॺ܌ाݙཀޑǴࢂಞৼޑΓǴόё ᒿཀуኪܭΓǴ᝻ҍݤइǴӒ্ݯӼǹ೭൩ࢂך୯ኧίԃٰ܌ᖱ

؃ޑȨݓቺȩǶӧӅౢលࣁᅾШࣚޑϞϺǴΓΓமيǴ߆ௗӅౢ

លޑࡷᏯǴࢂךॺ୯ٛޑ୷ҁा೘Ǽ⁴⁹

忁ᶨ⮷㭝䓙↢䇰䣦⡆㶣䘬㔯⫿ᷕ炻⣦㔀叿⸦枭妲〗炻椾⃰㗗啱㊛㑲忳≽

Ἦ㍐⺋ℐ㮹橼做炻⁛怆⻟幓ᾅ⚳䘬忳≽奨⾝炻℞㫉㗗⮯㈨㑲忳≽栆庫䁢㙜≃

䘬ᶨ朊炻≈ẍ婒㖶᷎⮶㬋奨⾝炻㚨⼴⇯㗗⮯⍵ℙシ嬀搚⳴㕤㔯⫿ᷳᷕˤ⎴㧋

⮯⍵ℙシ嬀伖ℍ㕤㻓䔓ᷕ䘬怬㚱˪㕳桐䤆㊛˫烉

ಞݓ΋ၰǴԑӧλԶமيԾፁǴεԶߥৎ਍୯Ǵ٠όࢂҔٰࣁߚ բИǴӒ্Γ㻟ޑǶيೀӅౢលኪΚᜬᙟǴߟౣهϯޑϞВШࣚǴ

୻Ꭶ౛܄ޑۘݓᆒઓǴѸाਔаኪЗኪǴ࣬ߞࢂനӝЯΓᜪ؃ғ Ӹޑ୷ҁा؃Ƕђਜ΢ԖǺȨЎЦ΋ࡗԶӼϺΠϐ҇ȩǵ୯Рҭ ԖȨߥکᎦٿҹε٣ǴࢂΓᜪϺϺा଺ȩޑ၉Ǵёـமيߥ୯ࢂ

Ֆ฻ޑख़ाǶ^4:

䵄奨ᶲ徘炻娚㗪㛇䘬㻓䔓炻⛐㔜橼䘬㝞㥳ᶲ炻ᶵ婾攳柕ㆾ㗗䳸⯦炻⣂㚱 Ṣ䁢≈ⶍ䘬䎦尉炻昌Ḯ⁛怆忳≽₡ῤ奨⢾炻ḇ⽆忳≽䘬䈡㬲⿏ᷕ炻埵䓇⎬䧖 㘖ᶾ₡ῤ炻㬌⢾炻Ṏ⁛忼Ḯ䔞㗪ẋ䘬㓧㱣⿅゛冯⍵ℙシ嬀炻⤪㬌䘬㔯㛔䳸㥳炻 ḇ㗗忳≽㻓䔓冯℞Ṿ㻓䔓ᶵ⎴䘬ˬ㔯㛔⣿嶗˭炻忁ḇ嬻嬨侭⛐教嬨㗪炻⼟⼧

㗗⛐教嬨冢䀋冒⶙↢䇰䘬㻓䔓炻㬲ᶵ䞍忁ṃ㻓䔓⣂㸸冒㕤㖍㛔ˤ侴㬌炻⽭枰

㍊⓷䘬㗗炻ỽẍ忈ㆸ教嬨ᶲ炻㰺㚱忽␴デ䘬䎦尉烎

ㆾ⚈㻓䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎䘬⎬枭㱽夷ℏ⭡䘬旸⇞ẍ⍲⮑㞍侭䘬ᷣ奨⇌⭂炻⼙枧

ĴĹˢ˪㊛䌳䇕曠㇘䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯ⶅ㚠䣦炻IJĺĸĺ ⸜炸ˤ娚㻓䔓䓙↢䇰䣦䚜㍍侣嬗ˤ Ĵĺˢ˪㕳桐䤆㊛˫炷冢⊿烉㜙䩳↢䇰䣦炻IJĺĹı ⸜炸ˤ娚㻓䔓䓙↢䇰䣦䚜㍍侣嬗ˤ

↢䇰䣦⛐䯴⁁↢䇰㻓䔓㗪炻≈ℍ姙⣂枧ㅱ㗪ẋ䘬⿅゛冯シ嬀⼊ン炻ẍ㯪枮⇑

忂忶⮑㞍炻性⃵⮑㞍㛒㝄炻㴒屣⮑㞍屣䓐炻⡆≈↢䇰ㆸ㛔炻⚈侴⼊ㆸᶲ徘㇨

婾ᷳ㔯㛔⣿嶗䘬䳸㥳炻忁䧖ˬ℔⺷⊾˭䘬㧉䳬炻ḇ嬻忳≽㻓䔓㇨⏰䎦䘬㓧㱣 䎦尉炻⣂⻟婧⣏㗪ẋᶳ䘬ˬᷕ⚳˭シ嬀炻㛒傥冯㗪ᾙ忚䘬晐叿 IJĺĸı ⸜ẋ䘬 源⢾忳≽ˣIJĺĹı ⸜ẋᷕ㛇䘬㓧㱣㓡朑䫱䣦㚫䎦尉↢䎦⛐㻓䔓ℏ⭡ᷕˤℵ侭炻 ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ㍍⛘㯋˭䘬 㱽炻⛐恙‹䘬˨忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎䘬≇忶㗗朆ʇ姒

⚳䩳䶐嬗棐㰇⿉厗⃰䓇˩ᶨ㔯ᷕ炻㰇⿉厗⃰䓇㍸⍲ˬɃɃคፕ୯ϣѦբࠔǴ

֡а࠼ᢀϦ҅ޑҥ൑Ǵவᝄೀ౛Ǵ᝿ዺБय़ЀځݙཀǶךॺᕴ׆ఈૈעѦ୯ ዺηύ୯ϯଆٰǶɃɃ˭^ĵı炻⽆㻓䔓⮑㞍䘬➟埴ᶲἮ䚳炻⮯㻓䔓ᷕ⚳⊾炻㗗 㚱⇑㕤忂忶㻓䔓⮑㞍炻ḇὫἧ㻓䔓⛐ℏ⭡ᶲ冯教嬨ᶲ䃉忽␴デˤ

㻓䔓墉⻟婧㓧㱣⿅゛冯シ嬀⼊ン㬌䫱℟㚱⚳䫾⿏⭋䣢䘬㔯⫿炻冒䃞冯䔞 㗪ẋ䘬䑘⠫䚠斄炻⯙ IJĺķı 军 IJĺĹı ⸜ẋ炻⍿⇘⚳ℏ⢾㓧⯨䘬⼙枧炻㓧⹄⛐㮹 㕷䱦䤆㔁做㓧䫾ᷕ炻ᶵ᷷ˬ⛀䳸˭ˣˬ➭⽵˭䫱⫿䛤炻㓧⹄德忶㔁䥹㚠䘬ℏ⭡炻

⁛怆ッ⚳㔁做ˣ⿅゛㔁做⍲䓇㳣㔁做炻^ĵIJ℞ᷕ炻䓇㳣㔁做ᷣ天⻟婧ΐ䎮忻⽟ˣ

⛀䳸⎰ἄ䘬䱦䤆炻⟹忈⚳㮹⮵㕤⚳⭞䘬娵⎴炻忁ṃ₡ῤ䎮⾝䘬姜㯪炻㗗橼做 忳≽⛐妻䶜䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻椾天塓⻟婧䘬䱦䤆冯䲨⼳炻ḇ㗗忳≽㻓䔓㇨⏰䎦䘬忳

≽㟠⽫₡ῤ炻䪁⛐㓧⹄䘬䩳⟜ᶲ炻忳≽㻓䔓䃉朆ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖堐忼㓧㱣䎦尉冯⁛

怆⭀㕡⿅゛䘬ⶍ℟ᷳᶨˤ

⯙㗪ẋ側㘗冯䚠斄㓧䫾䘬朊⎹ᶲ炻怬㚱ᶨᾳῤ⼿斄㲐Ữ⌣⺼娕䘬䎦尉炻 㓧䫾㚦憅⮵㖍㛔㻓䔓䭉㍏炻⤪䤩㬊㖍㛔㻓䔓忚⎋ˣ嬗䧧暨㚱忚⎋嫱㖶䫱炻⤪

㬌ᶨἮ炻ẍ㖍㛔㻓䔓䁢⣏⬿䘬冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓炻㗗⏎㚫⼙枧㻓䔓ᷕ䘬㓧㱣堐徘

␊烎䴻䞼䨞侭⮑夾㻓䔓ℏ⭡᷎冯䔞㗪㓧䫾忚埴⮵䄏炻憅⮵㖍㛔㻓䔓䘬㓧䫾 冯㛔㔯㇨妶婾ᷳ㓧㱣堐徘炻ℑ侭ᷳ攻㛒㚱㖶栗䘬⼙枧炻⽆㻓䔓䘬⮑㞍忶䦳Ἦ

ĵıˢ恙‹炻˨忋䑘⚾䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎䘬≇忶㗗朆ʇʇ姒⚳䩳䶐嬗棐㰇⿉厗⃰䓇˩炻˪㚠姽㚠䚖˫炻ĸķ 㛇炷冢⊿烉IJĺĸĺ

⸜ Ĺ 㚰炸ˤ

ĵIJˢ⻝㤽⹕炻˨㇘⼴冢䀋㮹㕷䱦䤆㔁做ᷳ䞼䨞 ĩIJĺĶIJĮIJĺĺķĪ˩炷㶉㰇⣏⬠㬟⎚⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻ijııĶ ⸜炸ˤ

䚳炻ㆾ⎗婒㗗忳≽㻓䔓⛐㻓䔓⮑㞍㓧䫾䘬廱嬲ᶲ炻㇨䓊䓇䘬⍵㖍㓧㱣堐徘䎦 尉䘬斄Ὢ庫䁢唬⻙炻⤪⎴⇵徘炻⌛ἧ㻓䔓⮯⚳㕷シ嬀ˬ≈ⶍ˭⛐㔯㛔ᷕ炻Ữ

᷎ᶵ⽭䃞冯㔜橼㓧㱣䎦尉䘬嬲怟ᶨ滲嬲⊾冯␤ㅱ炻℞⎗傥㗗ˬ℔⺷⊾˭䘬⚢

⭂⣿嶗㧉⺷ˤ

⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻㛶堋暚婾⍲炻㇘⼴冢䀋䘬㓧㱣䑘⠫炻⮵㕤㖍㛔㔯⊾㚱䚠䔞 檀䘬㈿㉺炻⚈㬌炻㻓䔓ᷕ㇨℟㚱䘬ˬ㖍㛔␛˭炻悥⽭枰塓≈ẍ⟿㓡炻⊭⏓Ṣ

⎵ˣ㥣㥣䰛ˣ㚵墅䫱炻忁䧖ἄ㱽ᶨ䚜㊩临⇘ IJĺĹĸ ⸜妋♜䁢㬊炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻 冢䀋㍷㈬慵墥ㆾ䚜㍍侣嬗㖍㛔㻓䔓炻⛐↢䇰⇵炻⽭枰⮯℟㚱㖍㛔㔯⊾䘬㇨㚱 ℏ⭡炻≈ẍ⟿㓡炻ἧ⚾⁷ㆾ㔯⫿ˬ⍣㖍㛔⊾˭ˤ^ĵij䃞侴炻娚䎦尉⌣㛒⛐忳≽

㻓䔓ᷕ㚱㖶栗䘬㓡嬲炻忳≽㻓䔓冯℞Ṿ栆✳䘬㻓䔓䚠㭼炻℟㚱㖍㛔⊾ℏ⭡䘬 㭼慵ṵ⣂炻䓂军㚱悐↮㻓䔓䚜妨ẍ㖍㛔䁢㓭ḳ側㘗炻Ṏ㚱孂岆㖍㛔忳≽䘬ℏ

⭡炻㍐㕟℞⚈炻冯忳≽㇨⻟婧䘬⛀䳸ˣ⎰ἄˣ➭⽵䫱䈡岒冯䱦䤆䚠斄炻䓙㕤

℞㼃⛐䘬₡ῤ冯䈡⿏炻␴䔞㗪ẋ㓧⹄㇨㍐埴䘬㮹㕷䱦䤆䚠䫎炻䚠⼊ᷳᶳ炻忳

≽㻓䔓ᷕ䘬ˬ㖍㛔␛˭栗⼿ᶵ䓂慵天炻忚侴⛐ℏ⭡ᶲ㛒 ⣏慷⟿㓡炻侴㬌炻 ḇ栗䣢↢忳≽℟㚱⻕⸛⚳⭞攻䘬堅䨩炻㈖㺼婧␴䘬奺刚炻ḇ䨩栗忳≽㻓䔓䘬 䈡㬲⿏ˤ

䔞忳≽㻓䔓⛐䳸㥳ᶲ炻≈ℍ⣏㗪ẋ䘬㓧㱣シ嬀炻ᶵℵ⎒㗗䲼䱡䘬忳≽⚾

⁷㔯㛔⼴炻⛐ℏ⭡ᷕ炻⤪ỽ德忶㓭ḳˣ㔯⫿ˣ冯⚾⁷䘬≃慷炻ℵ墥冯ℵ䎦㓧 㱣䎦尉炻ẍ⎔╂嬨侭䘬⚳⭞シ嬀␊烎

ဓȃࢎ౪ࢇݽޟᅞหМҏ

㻓䔓㗗ᶨ枭冯䣦㚫㔯⊾䚠Ḻ⮵娙䘬⚾⁷㔯㛔炻⽆㻓䔓ℏ⭡ᷕ炻⎗㊾㍀㗪 ẋ䘬㯃⚵冯シ嬀⼊ン炻⌛ἧ冢䀋忳≽㻓䔓䘬ℏ⭡ᷣ天Ἦ冒㖍㛔忳≽㻓䔓䘬㓡

ĵijˢ㛶堋暚炻˪嬲⼊ˣ尉⽝冯䫎嘇⊾䘬䲣嬄ʇʇ㻓䔓䘬㔯⊾䞼䨞˫炻枩 IJĹķˤ

丒炻Ữḇ⚈䁢⍿旸㕤㱽夷䘬夷䭬炻⛐㓭ḳ忚埴㓡䶐冯㍷㈬䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻ḇ傥⮯

ℏ⭡⡆ᾖ䁢䫎⎰㗪ẋᶳ䘬⚳ね冯㔯⊾ˤ㛔㔯⚧㕤婾㔯橼塩冯䭯ⷭ炻㛒傥⮯忳

≽㻓䔓ᷕ㇨㚱䘬㓧㱣䎦尉Ḱẍ⏰䎦炻⚈侴⛐㻓䔓⎚㕁䘬怠㑯ᶲ炻䞼䨞侭惴怠 庫傥⬴㔜堐徘㓧㱣䎦尉ᷳ㔯㛔䁢ἳˤ

忳≽冯㓧㱣ᷳ攻炻䴻ⷠ嗽㕤䀘刚䘬㙾㗏⛘ⷞ炻䓙㕤忳≽䘬䪞徸斄Ὢ炻䴻

ⷠ婀䘤⚳㮹䘬⚳㕷ᷣ佑冯⚳㕷娵⎴炻ḇ⎗傥忈ㆸ⚳⭞冯⚳⭞ᷳ攻ᶵ䎮⿏䘬堅 䨩埴䁢炻ᶾ䓴䙫㗗㚨䁢㖶栗䘬㟰ἳ炻岥ḳ忚埴㗪炻㗗⚳㕷ᷣ佑㚨䁢冰䚃䘬㗪 攻炻⎬⚳⚳㮹⤖≃㎖准⚳㕿炻䁢冒⶙䘬⚳⭞≈㱡╅慯炻䔞岥ḳ↮↢⊅屈⼴炻

⎗傥䓊䓇⚳冯⚳ᷳ攻Ṣ㮹㹳ḳ䘬ḳẞˤ⯙⤪⎴暵ⶫ㕗恎㚦婒炻忳≽㗗⺢㥳冯 堐䎦⚳⭞娵⎴䘬⟜➇炻^ĵĴ忳≽岥ḳ冯㮹㕷シ嬀ᷳ攻℟㚱⭮↯䘬斄Ὢ炻ἄ䁢⯽

䎦忳≽㓭ḳ䘬忳≽㻓䔓炻啱䓙⸛朊䘬丒䔓炻⎗傥㈽⮬↢䛇⮎忳≽ḳẞ䘬⎬ᾳ ḳẞ冯ねデˤ

⚳㕿㗗䴻ⷠ塓ἄ䁢⚳⭞娵⎴冯⮲♜䘬尉⽝炻᷎䁢⚳⭞䱦䤆䘬⮎橼㧁嬀ˤ^ĵĵ 㖑⛐ IJĸĹĺ ⸜炻㱽⚳朑␥侭Ᾱ椾∝⚳㕿␴⚳㫴炻㚜ἧ㮹㕷㤪⾝䌚⼿ᶨ䧖⼊尉

⊭墅ˤ^ĵĶ⮵⢾炻⛐⎬ᾳ⚳⭞䪞徸䘬⟜➇ᷕ炻⚳㕿ẋ堐叿⚳⭞䘬⦩㪲炻⤪⎴⛐

忳≽䪞㈨䘬准冢ᶲ炻⚳㕿ḇ㗗ẋ堐叿⚳⭞䘬ᷣ㪲シ嬀炻⮵ℏ炻㗗㓧⹄⟹忈⚳

㕷ˣↅ倂⚳㕷シ嬀䘬慵天䈑ẞ炻⛐攟㗪攻䘬䧵䳗ᷳᶳ炻⚳㕿䘬シ尉冯シ佑炻 ẍⲯ檀䘬⛘ỵ炻⺢㥳㕤⚳㮹䘬娵䞍ᷕˤ

⛐⤏忳㚫ㆾ㗗⚳晃岥ḳ䘬㭼岥ᷕ炻䔞枺䋶℠䥖⋯崟䌚䋶怠ㇳ䘬⚳㕿㗪炻 怠ㇳ⣂㼠䃞㶂ᶳ炻℞ᷕ䘬ねデ㗗墯暄䘬炻⤪㬌䘬㘗㱩炻㗗⨺橼ⷠ䓐Ἦ⺞Ỡ䘬

ĵĴˢʼnŰţŴţŢŸŮĭġņųŪŤĭġNation and nationalism since 1780: Programme, myth, realtyįġńŢŮţųŪťŨŦĻġńŢŮţųŪťŨŦġŖůŪŷŦųŴŪŵźġőųŦŴŴĭġ IJĺĺıį ⺽冒ῒẚὲ炻˨⚳㈨䘬慵慷ʇʇġᶨḅℕ˕⸜ẋ⮹㡺䅙䚠斄⟙䳁㕘倆婾徘ᷕ䘬⚳㕷ᷣ佑娙婆⇅㍊˩炻˪忂 嬀䞼䨞㛇↲˫炻IJĶ炷冢⊿炻ijııĺ ⸜ ķ 㚰炸烉ijıIJˤ

ĵĵˢŇųŢůŤŦŴġōŦůůŢųťˣŏŢůŤźġőŰŭŭŢŬˣ㜿㗍伶ˣ昛⧱⸛炻˨啵⛘湫嗶㕿烎㕿⸇炻䛇⮎⿏冯娵⎴˩炻˪冢䀋⌂䈑⬋↲˫炻 IJIJķ炷冢⊿烉ijıIJij ⸜ IJij 㚰炸烉枩 ijıˤ

ĵĶˢ杻⮹≇炻˪㬟⎚䎦⟜ʇʇ杻⮹≇嬨⎚䫮姀˫炷楁㷗烉ᶱ倗㚠⸿炻ijıIJı ⸜炸炻枩 IJĴĹˤ

柴㛸ʇ岥ḳㆸ䷦⮵⚳⭞䘬慵天⿏ˣ怠ㇳ冯⚳⭞攻䘬斄Ὢㆾ⚳⭞ᷳ㕤⚳晃攻⛘

ỵ䘬䉨㱩炻㬌䧖ℏ⭡ḇ䴻ⷠ⮯嬨侭⮵ḳẞ䘬奨デ⮶⎹⚳㕷ᷣ佑䘬Ⰼ朊ˤ ᶳ⚾ ĵ 㗗˪櫼⤛㌺䎫昲˫忁㛔㻓䔓䘬攳䪗炻㍷徘⤛⫸㌺䎫昲⍫≈⤏忳㭼 岥炻䴻忶ᶨ䔒㽨䁰䘬⮵㈿炻䳪㕤䌚⼿ⅈ幵炻⚳㕿桬㎂⛐⋯㕿冢ᶲ炻㍍临ẍ㔯

⫿堐䣢烉ˬவԜǴӄ୯ޑϿζǴ೿ԋࣁ௨ౚئǴ௨ౚၮ୏ӧ዗ਗ਼௢୏๱˭炻^ĵķ 䔓 㟤 ᷕ 德 忶 ⚳ 㕿 䘬 㕿

⸇ Ἦ ⼘ 栗 ⚳ ⭞ ᷣ 㪲 シ 嬀炻 ḇ 忚 ᶨ 㬍 栗 䣢 ↢

⎬ 䧖 忳 ≽ 枭 䚖 ⛐ ⚳ 晃 岥 ḳ ᷕ ⤒ ⅈ炻 㚫 ⼙ 枧

⚳ ℏ 忳 ≽ 䘬 䘤 ⯽ 冯 桐 㯋ˤ㬌栆⚈㝄䘬婾婒炻 ᶵ↢䎦⛐㻓䔓ᷕ炻 IJĺĸIJ ⸜ ⶐ Ṣ ⮹ 㡺 昲 䌚

⼿ ᶾ 䓴 ⮹ 㡺 ⅈ 幵 㗪炻

㇨ 忈 ㆸ 䘬 㡺 䎫 㕳 桐炻 嬻 埿 柕 ᶲ 㚜 㘖 念 ⛘ ↢

䎦㡺䎫⁛㍍䘬䶜䎫䔓朊炻㬌䧖㘖念⿏䘬ἄ䓐炻忈⯙⺋⣏䘬㡺䎫Ṣ⎋ˤ^ĵĸ

⛐˪捰䎫‍⮯˫^ĵĹ墉炻㍷徘ᷣ奺叱≯ṳ゛⁷冒⶙䨧叿⌘㚱ᷕ厗㮹⚳⚳㕿

ĵķˢ㬋晬炻˪櫼⤛㌺䎫昲䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯㖴↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 ĺˤ ĵĸˢ嫅ṽ㶝炻˪㕘䇰冢䀋㡺䎫ᶨ䘦⸜˫炷冢⊿烉䌱Ⱉ䣦炻ijıIJĸ ⸜炸炻枩 ijĶķĮijķıˤ

ĵĹˢ㖶䆎炻˪捰䎫‍⮯˫炷冢⊿烉⣏㖶䌳㮷↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ炸ˤ˪捰䎫‍⮯˫㍷徘ᷣ奺叱≯ṳ䴻㬟ᶨ䔒劎䶜

⼴炻℞捰䎫⮎≃⼿ẍ∝ᶳᶾ䓴䲨抬炻Ữ⌣⛐Ṿ䶜佺㗪炻捰䎫ᶵ䓂ㇻ ᶨ⎵ⲯ㊄Ṿ䘬⬑䪍炻农ἧ⬑䪍ㆸ䁢㭀晄炻 䁢㬌Ṿデ⇘䚠䔞冒屔冯ℏ䕂炻᷎㓦㡬⍫≈⤏忳㚫䘬屯㟤炻⛐䃉㱽朊⮵冒⶙Ṣ䓇䘬⎴㗪炻䔁ᶳ怢㚠㸾⁁冒㭢炻 Ṿ䘬ỗ䇞⍲㗪旣㬊炻⊠旣Ṿ天朊⮵Ṣ䓇⚘⠫炻᷎昒Ờ冯㈞㊩塓Ṿㇻ 䘬⬑䪍朊⮵Ṣ䓇婚柴炻䴎Ḱ慵䓇䘬ⶴ㛃炻

⚈㬌炻叱≯ṳ晾⶚㓦㡬⤏忳㚫炻Ữ⛐⤏忳㚫冱彎䘬⎴㗪炻ṾἮ⇘忳≽⟜炻゛⁷冒⶙䨧叿⌘㚱ᷕ厗㮹⚳⚳㕿䘬 忳≽㚵⛐⤏忳㚫ᶲ㭼岥炻⛐∝ᶳᶾ䓴㕘䲨抬䘬⎴㗪炻Ṿ䛤䜃䚳⇘ᷕ厗㮹⚳䘬⚳㕿⛐ℱℱᶲ⋯ˤỗ䇞溻⊝Ṿ㊩

临≒≃炻㛒Ἦᶨ⭂傥⣈ℵ⍫≈⤏忳㚫炻䁢⚳⭞䇕⃱炻叱≯ṳḇ慵㕘⚆⇘䓘⼹⟜ᶲ炻㍍妠捰䎫炻ḇ∝ᶳ䲨抬炻 忁㗗Ṿ朊⮵Ṣ䓇⚘⠫䘬䫔ᶨ㬍ˤ

კ 4 dzȠ៥ζ௨ౚ໗ȡύޑ୯ᄡޑ߄౜׎Ԅ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺ҅໢ǴȠ៥ζ௨ౚ໗ಃ 2 ໣ȡȐᆵчǺЎܱр

ހԖज़ϦљǴ2:7: ԃȑǴ। 9.:Ƕ

䘬忳≽㚵⛐⤏㜿⋡⃳忳≽㚫ᶲ 䌚⼿⊅⇑⼴炻ᷕ厗㮹⚳䘬⚳㕿 桬㎂⛐岥⟜ᶲ炻㻓䔓䔓㟤⃭㺧 叿ˬ⚳㕷˭デ炻⛐㻓䔓䘬䳸⯦炻 ḇ㍷丒叿ᷕ厗㮹⚳䘬⚳㕿炻ᶨ 㕩䘬㔯⫿㕩䘥㍷徘叿烉ˬ೭ࢂ

ךཥޑΓғ໒ۈǴךޑ߻೼Ⴝ ୯ᄡ΋ኬкᅈΑӀ፵Ƕ˭炷⚾

Ķ炸ˤ

˪捰䎫‍⮯˫䘬⚾㔯炻忳 䓐ℑ枩䘬䭯ⷭ⮯⚳㕿⣏ⷭ⹎䘬

㍷丒侴↢炻⮯⚳㕿⟹忈䁢慵天 䘬䱦䤆⭬妿炻忁ḇ㗗⚳㮹源㓧

⹄⛐㇘⼴㍏⇞⚳㮹⿅゛䘬㕡⺷

ᷳᶨ炻⮯⚳䇞ˣ⚳㫴ˣ⚳㕿䫱炻

⟹忈䁢℟㚱⻟䁰⚳㕷シ嬀䘬䈑 ẞ炻⽆⬠㟉㔁做ˣ䣦㚫䑘⠫ˣ

戭⁷䘬䝿䩳䫱炻⮯⚳⭞シ嬀䘬㔁做炻ᶵ㕟啱䓙⎬䧖㕡⺷圵ℍ⣏䛦䘬䓇㳣炻⼘

栗ˬᷕ厗㮹⚳˭㬋䴙⿏䘬尉⽝ˤġ

⚳㮹源㓧⹄䁢Ḯ⻟⊾ᷕ厗㮹⚳㓧㪲㬋䴙⿏炻昌Ḯ⽆㔁做ˣ䓇㳣䫱徼⼹Ἦ

⻟婧ᷕ厗㮹㕷䘬⚳㕷シ嬀⢾炻IJĺķı ⸜ẋ炻䁢冯ᷕ⚳⣏映㚱㇨⋨昼炻崩叿ᷕ

⚳⣏映㔯⊾⣏朑␥㗪炻䘤崟ˬᷕ厗㔯⊾⽑冰忳≽˭炻㍸Έ冯䘤⯽ᷕ厗㔯⊾㳣

≽炻忁栆㔯⊾㓧㱣䘬⭋⮶炻ḇ↢䎦⛐℟㚱ᷕ厗㔯⊾䈡刚䘬⚳埻㻓䔓ᷕ烉 ǾǾ౜ӧЎϯൺᑫၮ୏҅ӵОӵಽޑ৖໒ǴգाޕၰǴ୯ೌΨࢂ

ךॺύ୯Ўϯޑ΋೽ϩǴ܌аךॺाៜᔈᕴ಍ޑဦєǴոΚӆո კ 5dzȠ᜘ౚ଼ஒȡޑ୯ᄡཀຝ߄౜

ၗ ਑ ٰ ྍǺ ܴ ᔾǴȠ ᜘ ౚ ଼ ஒ ȡȐ ᆵ чǺ ε ܴ

Ц М р ހ Ԗ ज़ Ϧ љǴ2:7: ԃ ȑǴ ।

21:Ƕ

ΚǴаൺᑫЎϯࣁρҺǴ೭ωόູॄ୯ΓჹךॺޑයఈǶ^5:!

⮯ᷕ⚳シ嬀℟橼⊾炻⽆ᷕ⯽䎦ˬᷕ⚳Ṣ˭䘬⃒崲⿏炻忼⇘幓↮⎴⊾䘬䚖 㧁炻忳≽㖶㗇䘬⟹忈ḇ㗗℞ᷕᶨ䧖ㇳ㭝ˤIJĺķı ⸜ẋᷕ㛇炻䌳屆㱣㗗ᶨᾳ慵 天䘬Ṣ䈑炻⛐冢㖍ᷳ攻拗䵄墯暄䘬斄Ὢᷕ炻䌳屆㱣䘬幓↮炻㗗⚳㮹源⮵⢾ἄ 䁢⭋⁛ᷕ厗㮹⚳䘬⎰㱽⿏ˤ^Ķı⽆˪ℐ⢀ㇻ䌳ġ䌳屆㱣˫忁㛔㻓䔓ᷕ炻傥䚳⇘㍷

丒䌳屆㱣䁢ˬᷕ⚳Ṣ˭䘬⼊尉炻䈡⇍㗗⛐㔯⫿䘬㔀徘烉

ǾǾ ך ॺ ा Α ှ Ц ृ ݯ ࢂ ڀ Ԗ ύ ୯ Ո ಍Ǵ ዗ ང ઒ ୯ ޑ ݹ ໳ η

৊ǾǾЦृݯޑԋ൩ό໻ࢂВҁΓޑӀᄪǴΨࢂךॺύ୯Γޑᄪ

۩Ƕ⁶²

ℵ侭炻ẍ䛇⮎ḳẞ㓡丒䁢㻓䔓䘬˪ᷕ厗慹漵˫炻忳䓐ᶱ㛔㻓䔓䘬䭯ⷭ炻

⬴㔜㍷丒 IJĺķĺ ⸜慹漵⮹㡺⛐ᶾ䓴⮹⸜㡺䎫拎㧁岥ᷕ≯⤒ⅈ幵䘬忶䦳炻㻓䔓 䘬ℏ⭡炻ḇᶵ᷷↢䎦幓↮娵⎴䘬ℏ⭡烉

ΜѤӜύ๮λ୯ЋǴϞϺΠϱΟਔЅϩฦ΢ШࣚϿԃ෇ᏝЦ০ࡕǴ ӄШࣚޑύ୯Γ೿ࣁϐഒ៌៿ݒǶ⁶³

೭ࢂύ୯ΓӭԃٰფགྷޑᜫఈǴ೭ऍ᜽ޑᜫఈςჴ౜ΑǶ೭٤࠸

ηکдॺϤΜΟྃޑሦ໗ᖴ୯ࠤᑫᏟளনԋ΋იǶ⁶⁴

慹漵⮹㡺昲⛐ᶾ䓴⮹㡺拎㧁岥ᷕ≯⤒ⅈ幵炻㚱㓰⛘㍸⋯冢䀋⛐⚳晃䘬傥 夳⹎炻᷎傥ↅ倂⚳Ṣ⎹⽫≃炻⚈侴Ὣἧ㓧⹄䧵㤝⍫冯⎬枭橼做忳≽䘬⚳晃岥 ḳ炻㛇傥德忶橼做岥ḳ䘬堐䎦炻Ἦ⡆≈⚳晃䘬㚅⃱⹎炻忁㧋䘬⿅゛ḇ⛐㻓䔓

ĵĺˢᶾ晬炻˪⮹⸜⚳埻䌳䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㚫㔯㚠⸿炻IJĺķĸ ⸜炸炻枩 IJıĺˤ

ĶıˢłůťųŦŸġŅįġŎŰųųŪŴ 叿炻˨ŐũġŔŢťŢũŢųŶ 炾䌳屆㱣冯 IJĺķı ⸜ẋ冢䀋ˬᷕ⚳⿏˭䘬⺢㥳˩炷㜿䌱洔ˣ㣲捝㮹嬗炸炻˪⁛

㑕㔯⊾冯㓧㱣˫炻ĸ 㛇炷冢⊿炻ijıIJĹ ⸜ ķ 㚰炸炻枩 IJĸķˤ

ĶIJˢ˪ℐ⢀ㇻ䌳ġ䌳屆㱣˫炷冢⊿烉嘡⃱↢䇰偉ấ㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺĸĺ ⸜炸ˤ娚㻓䔓䓙↢䇰䣦䚜㍍侣嬗ˤ Ķijˢ㜿㯠廅炻˪ᷕ厗慹漵䫔 Ĵ 普˫炷冢⊿烉⽿㖶↢䇰䣦㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 IJıĺˤ

ĶĴˢ㜿㯠廅炻˪ᷕ厗慹漵䫔 Ĵ 普˫炷冢⊿烉⽿㖶↢䇰䣦㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 IJIJIJˤ

ᷕ塓⁛怆↢Ἦ烉

ֆլமǴԢε೯౗ሦΠޑύ୯ৼᔐж߄໗ǴᕴӅគளѤय़ߎจǴ Οय़ሌจϷ΋ঁಃѤӜǾǾдॺඹдॺޑ୯ৎˇˇύ୯ǴݾڗΑ คज़ޑӀᄪǴࢂдॺޑ୯ৎඦ࠶ШࣚৼᏝǶдॺाஒ೭ᅿӀᄪ஥

ӣдॺޑ୯ৎѐˇˇύ୯Ƕ⁶⁵

冒㇘⼴攳⥳炻⚳㮹源㓧⹄冯ᷕ⚳⣏映ᷳ攻炻ᶵ㕟䘬䇕⍾ˬᷕ⚳˭䘬⎰㱽 䴙㱣㪲炻⽆⭀㕡ˣ㕘倆⨺橼ˣ⟙䪈暄娴⇘㻓䔓炻悥㗗ẍˬᷕ⚳˭Ἦ䴙䧙⛐冢 䀋䘬Ṣˣḳˣ䈑炻㻓䔓ℏ⭡⮯⭀㕡ᷕ⚳㮹㕷ᷣ佑㇨姕⭂䘬ˬᷕ⚳⿏˭㿴廠⇘

㮹䛦幓ᶲ炻啱䓙↢䇰⑩䘬ℏ⭡炻Ἦ⏰䎦ˬᷕ厗㮹⚳˭㬋䴙⿏䘬尉⽝ˤ

⽆㻓䔓ᷕ䘬婆娆忳䓐炻ḇ傥橼䎦↢⚳㮹源㓧⹄䘬冒ㆹ⭂ỵˤ⽆㊯㴱冢䀋 忁⟲⛇⛘䘬⎵䧙炻ὧ傥䚳↢䔞㗪㓧⹄䚳⼭冢䀋䘬ン⹎ˤ⛐˪ᷕ厗慹漵˫ᷕ炻

⮯ᷕ厗㮹⚳⚳㕿㍺⛐冢䀋ᶲ炻⻟䁰䘬⯽䎦ᷣ㪲シ嬀炻᷎ẍ㔯⫿Ỹẍ婒㖶烉ˬ冒 䓙ᷕ⚳䘬冢䀋䚩˭炻㬌妨ⷞ↢冢䀋㗗ᶨᾳ䚩ấ䘬㤪⾝ˤġ

Ķĵˢ恙㬋⬿炻˪ᶾ䓴㊛䌳䇕曠㇘˫炷冢⊿烉㔯ⶅ㚠䣦炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 IJijIJˤ

კ 6dzᅐฝ္ჹ୯ৎӜᆀޑඔᛤ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺ݅҉፵ǴȠύ๮ߎᓪಃ 3 ໣ȡȐᆵчǺדܴрހޗԖज़ϦљǴ 1969 ԃȑǴ। 5Ƕ

昌Ḯ⚾ ķ ⢾炻⯂㚱ᶨᾳῤ⼿䍑␛

䘬枩朊炷⚾ ĸ炸炻⛐˪湹櫼ㇳ˫ᷕ炻 忳䓐⸦ᾳ⮵娙㟮Ἦ堐䣢ᷣ奺䘬Ἦ㬟炻 ᶨ攳⥳㗗䓐ˬܿБΓ˭Ἦ⋨⇍㜙ˣ大 㕡Ṣ炻㍍叿⍰䷖⮷䭬⚵⇘ˬύ୯Γ˭炻 㚨⼴䓐ˬࢂவύ๮҇୯ޑᆵ᡼ٰޑ˭

㖶䘥䘬㊯䧙ᷣ奺䘬↢幓ˤ⛐䞕䞕䘬ᶨ 枩䭯ⷭᷕ炻ἧ䓐Ḯ⸦ᾳ婆⼁Ἦ堐忼ᷣ

奺䘬⚳䯵炻⽆ᷕḇ栗䣢↢㓧⹄䔞㗪⛐

⚳晃䘬ỵ伖冯㓧⹄䚳⼭冒幓䘬㕡⺷ˤġ 㻓 䔓 䓐 婆 䘬 堐 䎦炻 ḇ ⏰ 栗 ↢ ㇘

⼴⚳㮹源㓧⹄⮵⼭冢䀋䘬ン⹎炻⮵⚳

㮹源㓧⹄侴妨炻㗗⮯冢䀋夾䁢㔜ᾳ⚳

⭞橼䲣ᶳ䘬℞ᷕᶨᾳ䚩ấ炻㇨ẍἧ䓐 冒䓙ᷕ⚳䘬冢䀋䚩ẍ⍲ᷕ厗㮹⚳䘬冢

䀋炻Ἦ堐䣢冢䀋⛐㔜ᾳ⚳⭞䘬⛘ỵˤ忁ḇ␤ㅱ劍㜿㬋ᶰ㇨㍸⇘䘬㇘⼴冢䀋⚳

⭞㇨℟㚱䘬ˬᷕ⚳⚳⭞橼⇞˭䘬䈡⽝ᷳᶨʇʇ㈲冢䀋ˬᷕ⣖⊾˭炻ᷕ⣖⊾ᷳ

シ㗗㊯⚈䁢ᷕ⣖㓧⹄䘬㑌徨冯怟䦣炻农ἧ℟㚱ᷕ⣖⿏岒䘬䳬䷼⍲≇傥普ᷕ⛐

㝸ᶨ⛘㕡炻ℵ≈ᶲㅚ㱽㇨夷⭂䘬䚩冒㱣炻⛐ᷕ⣖㓧⹄ᶳ炻姕伖䚩ˣ䷋ⶪˣ悱 捖䫱ᶱ䳂⛘㕡埴㓧䳬䷼炻⚈㬌炻冢䀋䚩ḇ⯙塓ᾅ䔁ᶳἮˤ^ĶĶ

㇘⼴炻㓧⹄昌Ḯ朷⚢⚳ℏ㓧㪲䘬⎰㱽⿏⢾炻⮵⢾炻ḇ㤝≃䵕嬟ᶨᾳᷕ⚳

䘬㬋䔞⿏炻⛐忳≽㻓䔓ᷕ炻ḇ㍷丒⮵㖍㛔冯伶⚳䘬⼊尉⟹忈ˤ

ĶĶˢ劍㜿㬋ᶰ炻˪㇘⼴冢䀋㓧㱣⎚ʇʇᷕ厗㮹⚳冢䀋⊾䘬㬟䦳˫炷冢⊿烉⚳䩳冢䀋⣏⬠↢䇰ᷕ⽫炻ijıIJĸ ⸜炸炻枩 ĹijˣĹĶĮĹķˤ

კ 8dzᅐฝჹЬفيϩޑඔᛤ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺ໳࣑ǴȠ໵៥Ћಃ 2 ໣ȡȐᆵ

чǺ Ў ᎔ р ހ ޗǴ2:84

ԃȑǴ। 22Ƕ

忳≽㻓䔓ᷕ䘬㖍㛔⼊尉炻⯙㬟⎚傰䴉Ἦ䚳炻冢䀋␴㖍㛔ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⬀

⛐叿⽖⥁䘬斄Ὢ⍰䞃䚦䘬⿅䵺炻⯙㓧㱣䘬䩳⟜Ἦ䚳炻冢䀋冯㖍㛔㚦䴻㗗㬾㮹

⛘䘬斄Ὢ炻㇘⼴⚳㮹源㓧⹄㍐埴ˬ⍣㖍㛔⊾˭䘬㓧䫾ˤ忳≽㻓䔓墉↢䎦ṯ㖍 䘬ℏ⭡炻⛐˪湹櫼ㇳ˫ᷕ炻ᷣ奺⭞Ṣ⚈⍿⇘㖍㛔幵敍䘬㭀⭛炻䁢⮳㯪⟙ṯ炻 侴ẍ冒幓䘬㊛㑲傥≃炻ㇻᾺ㖍㛔幵敍炻⽆㻓䔓㔯㛔ᷕ䘬㔯⫿烉ˬḴ⋩⸜⇵炻 Ἀ⛐ᷕ⚳冢䀋㇨忈䘬⬥炻䎦⛐ㆹἮ妶⁝˭ˣˬỽ㱩Ṿ㗗䔞⸜㭀⭛ㆹᾹᷕ⚳⎴

傆䘬㖍㛔幵敍˭炻⏰䎦↢ṯ夾㖍㛔䘬ン⹎ˤġġ

⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻⽆忳≽䘬奺⹎Ἦ婒炻㖍㛔⮯䎦ẋ忳≽⁛ℍ冢䀋炻⚈侴⛐悐↮

忳≽枭䚖ᶲ炻冢䀋㗗㈧两叿㖍㛔忳≽㔯⊾䘬ℏ㵝炻⌛ὧ㗗ˬ⍣㖍㛔⊾˭䘬忶 䦳ᷕ炻ḇ㛒傥㉡㹭℞忳≽₡ῤ橼䲣炻䓂军⛐℞⼴㇨㕥埴䘬㻓䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎ˣ䤩 㬊㖍㛔⓮⑩䫱㓧䫾炻ḇ㛒⮯㻓䔓ᷕ℟㚱㖍㛔㔯⊾䘬ℏ⭡ℐ悐⟿㓡冯晙⋧炻℞

ᷕ炻˪櫼ㇳ徜㕳䎫˫䘬攳柕ẍ⍲㓭ḳℏ⭡ẍ㖍㛔㡺䎫昲䁢ᷣ炻㗗冯ᶲ徘䚠斄 㓧䫾䚠Ḻ堅䨩炻㻓䔓攳柕㍸⇘烉ˬӧ٥ࢪǴВҁჹ෇ౚၮ୏ǴΜϩख़ຎǴӧ

෇ౚۑ࿯໒ۈ߻Ǵ೭໨ၮ୏ǴጲࠁӦࢲ៌ӧᡏᏝ΢ǴӢԜǴΨԖࡐӭޑᙍ཰

კ 9dzȠ໵៥ЋȡύඔॊВҁޑ೽ϩϣ৒

ၗ਑ٰྍǺ໳࣑ǴȠ໵៥Ћಃ 2 ໣ȡȐᆵчǺЎ᎔рހޗǴ2:84 ԃȑǴ। 99.9:ǹ໳࣑Ǵ

Ƞ໵៥Ћಃ 5 ໣ȡȐᆵчǺЎ᎔рހޗǴ2:84 ԃȑǴ। 55Ƕ

ౚ໗ౢғ˭炻^Ķķ䃞㬌㻓䔓ṵ⎗⍾⼿⮑㞍➟䄏ᶼ枮⇑↢䇰炻㬌䎦尉ḇ⍵㗈↢㻓 䔓⮑㞍⇞⹎䘬➟埴♜嫡⹎ẍ⍲⮑㞍侭ᷣ奨⇌⭂䘬⓷柴ˤ

ġ 㡺䎫忳≽⮵㕤冢䀋冯㖍㛔ᷳ攻炻⬀⛐叿㬾㮹冯塓㬾㮹䘬墯暄ねデˤ⛐

㻓䔓ᷕ炻㚫㈽⮬↢⛐䎦⮎ᶾ䓴墉暋ẍ⮎䎦䘬䎮゛炻啱䓙㻓䔓䘬嘃㒔䫮妠炻ㇻ 㓿䛇⮎䓇㳣ᷕ䘬⻟㔝炻ẍ⻴墄䎦⮎忳≽⟜➇ᷕ䘬怢ㅦね䭨炻⚈㬌炻⛐㡺䎫㻓 䔓ᷕ炻ㇻ㓿塓夾䁢㗗㡺䎫⻟㔝䘬㖍㛔㡺䎫昲炻㗗ᶨẞ㥖侨䘬ḳ帇炻ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖

⽫䎮䘬墄⃇ἄ䓐炻℞ḇ⏰䎦↢℠✳⼴㬾㮹ᷣ佑䘬ね⠫ˤġ

㻓䔓ᷕ⮵伶⚳䘬㍷丒炻᷎ᶵ⣂夳炻㓭ḳℏ⭡㇨⏰䎦䘬⣂㗗⍵伶䘬ン⹎⯭

⣂ˤ⛐˪ᷕ厗䓟⃺˫ᷕ炻㓭ḳ㗗㍷徘ᷣ奺䁢ᶨỵ⚳埻⎵ⷓ炻ㅱ倀军伶㳚冯大 㲳㊛ⷓ㭼岥䘬忶䦳炻㻓䔓ᷕ㚦㚱ᶨⷽᷣ奺嗽㕤≋⊊㗪炻ṵᶵ冯⮵ㇳ⎴㳩⎰㰁 ἧ䓐ら≋䘬㊃⺷炻ᶨỵ厗⁹夳䉨⼴炻⎹ᷣ奺婒烉ˬգόᆅೀܭՖᅿӍ༈ΠǴ գ๊ό໶ٰǴ೭൩ࢂךॺύ୯Ӏᄪޑ໺಍˭ˣ^Ķĸˬ߈ԭԃٰǴךॺ୯ΓǴҗ

Ķķˢ恙㖶侨炻˪櫼ㇳ徜㕳䎫䫔 IJ 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯㖴↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 Ĵˤ Ķĸˢ恙㖶侨炻˪ᷕ厗䓟⃺䫔 ij 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯㖴↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 ĸˤ

კ 9dzᅐฝύѺ௳Вҁ෇ౚ໗ޑฝय़

ၗ਑ٰྍǺ०ଭǴȠϿԃ෇ౚЦಃ 7 ໣ȡȐᆵчǺ΋ቺਜֽǴ1969 ԃȑǴ

। 72Ƕ

ܭᑈಞϼుǴೀೀ೿ᡣѦ୯Γ࣮όଆǶ˭^ĶĹ⽆ᷕ栗䣢↢ㆹ㕡䚳⼭伶⚳䘬ン⹎炻 㗗嗽⛐伶⚳⮵ㆹ㕡ᶵ⍳┬ㆾ娵䁢ㆹ㕡㗗ˬ㜙Ṇ䕭⣓˭䘬屈朊奨デᷕ炻⛐˪㡺 䎫⮷劙尒˫ᷕ炻ὧ㚱㍷丒伶⚳Ṣ䚳⼭ㆹ㕡㗗ˬ㜙Ṇ䕭⣓˭䘬ね䭨炻㓭ḳ㗗ẍ ㇻ㓿伶⚳昲炻⍾⼿⊅⇑ 䁢䳸⯨炻㬌ね䭨䘬抒昛⬱㌺炻娎⚾堐䎦↢⍵伶䘬㮹 㕷ᷣ佑䘬シ␛ˤ^Ķĺ

㻓䔓ᷕ䘬⚳⭞ᷣ㪲シ嬀ˣ⚳㕷ᷣ佑ˣ幓↮娵⎴䫱㓧㱣䎦尉炻⽆⚾⁷ˣ㔯

⫿ˣ婆⼁ẍ⍲㓭ḳᷕ⮵⚳⭞⼊尉䘬㍷丒⢾炻㓭ḳね䭨䘬㍐⯽炻ḇ㗗⼊⟹シ嬀 䘬慵天䑘䭨炻⛐忳≽㻓䔓ᷕ炻㓭ḳね䭨㚱⤪䲬䐇⣓ Ʉ ⛶ỗ ĩŋŰŴŦűũġńŢŮűţŦŭŭĪ

⛐˪⋫朊劙晬˫ᷕ㍸↢ˬ劙晬䘬㕭䦳˭䘬㤪⾝炻ᷣ奺䴻㬟⎬䧖侫槿冯㬟䶜⼴炻 䳪⮯䌚⼿⊅⇑䘬䳸⯨ˤ^ķı⛐忳≽㻓䔓䘬㍷丒ᶳ炻ᷣ奺⛐䶜⯙㈨傥ˣ岷⼿㭼岥

ᷳ⇵䘬忶䦳炻悥㗗役᷶ˬ嗸⼭⺷˭䘬妻䶜炻⯌℞㗗⛐ IJĺĸı ⸜ẋᷕ㛇ẍ⇵䘬

ĶĹˢ恙㖶侨炻˪ᷕ厗䓟⃺䫔 ij 普˫炷冢⊿烉㔯㖴↢䇰㚱旸℔⎠炻IJĺķĺ ⸜炸炻枩 ĸˤ

ĶĺˢAndrew D. Morris, Colonial Project, National Game: A History of Baseball in Taiwan., 116-117.

ķıˢ⮷䓘Ỡ⋰䶐ˣ䓘⎋屆┬䚋ᾖ炻˪ͱΕΰͼ̯䘦䥹ḳ℠˫炷㖍㛔烉ᷠ┬炻ijııĸ ⸜炸炻枩 ĵĶIJˤ

კ 10dzᅐฝύр౜Ȩܿ٥ੰϻȩޑӷ౳

ၗ਑ٰྍǺЦηᚇᇞޗǴȠ෇ౚλमᇬȡȐᆵчǺЦηрހޗǴ 1974 ԃȑǴ। 192Ƕ

㻓䔓炻忁冯⺽忚㖍㛔㻓䔓ἄ䁢⍇㛔炻ẍ⍲橼做忳≽妻䶜䘬₡ῤ橼䲣䚠斄ˤˬ嗸

⼭⺷˭䘬忳≽妻䶜炻⛐㖍㛔忳≽㻓䔓䞼䨞ᷕ炻塓䧙ᷳ䁢ˬͱΕ㟡˭炻㗗㊯ᷣ

奺⛐♜ⲣ䘬妻䶜忶䦳炻⽭枰⃳㚵⎬䧖劎暋冯䃉㔠㫉䘬㋓㉀炻⼊ㆸᶵ⯰ᶵ㐻䘬 櫍⽿␴➭㭭䘬⿏㟤炻^ķIJ⤪㬌䘬䱦䤆冯幓橼劎䖃䘬㍷⮓炻晐叿㓭ḳね䭨䘬㍐≽炻

⭡㖻塓䦣ね䁢朊⮵⚳⭞⚘⠫ᷳ晃炻ḇ⽭枰℟⁁ˬͱΕ㟡˭㤪⾝䘬➭⽵⿏㟤炻 啱䓙㻓䔓∯ね䘬抒昛炻ẍ⎔╂嬨侭⮵⚳⭞娵⎴䘬ね䵺ˤġġġġġ

㻓䔓ἄ䁢屯妲⁛㑕䘬ⶍ℟炻℞㇨℟⁁䘬≇傥炻⯙⤪⎴⬠㟉㔁做䘬㔁䥹㚠 ᶨ凔炻㗗⁛㑕⿅゛䘬⨺ṳˤ忳≽㻓䔓ᷕ㇨⏰䎦䘬⣏㗪ẋᶳ䘬㓧㱣䎦尉炻ᶵ婾 㗗⚳㕿⚾⁷ˣ婆⼁ˣ㓭ḳね䭨䫱炻悥ᶵ㕟䘬⁛怆㮹㕷シ嬀炻⛐㻓䔓⮑㞍㛇攻炻

⚈↢䇰⼊⺷䘬斄Ὢ炻䴻忶Ṣ䁢≈ⶍ䘬廱嬗忶䦳炻㻓䔓ℏ⭡㖻⮯⭀㕡ᷕ⚳㮹㕷

ᷣ佑㇨姕⭂䘬ˬᷕ⚳⿏˭圵ℍ㻓䔓ᷕ炻⛐⣏䛦教嬨ᷳ检炻㊩临䘬⮯⿅゛㺚德

⇘䎦⮎ᷳᷕ炻ẍ㼃䦣満⊾䘬⼊⺷ㆾ㗗啱䓙㓭ḳℏ⭡炻⎔╂↢⚳Ṣ䘬㮹㕷シ嬀 冯娵⎴デˤ

ķIJˢ⮷䓘Ỡ⋰䶐ˣ䓘⎋屆┬䚋ᾖ炻˪ͱΕΰͼ̯䘦䥹ḳ℠˫炷㖍㛔烉ᷠ┬炻ijııĸ ⸜炸炻枩 ĵĶIJˤ

კ 11dzၮ୏ᅐฝύޑȨसࡑԄȩ૽ግ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺߋܴᝬǴȠ௨ౚჹלᖻಃ 1 ໣ȡȐᆵчǺЎܱрހԖज़ϦљǴ1970 ԃȑǴ

। 95-97Ƕ