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社會科學研究法(含測驗與統計)

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國立臺中教育大學 102 學年度研究所碩士班招生考試

社會科學研究法(含測驗與統計)試題

適用學系:諮商與應用心理學系碩士班 一、選擇題(24%,每題3%) 1.一份嚴謹的研究,通常在正式研究之前會實施前導性研究(pilot study),這 種探究性的前導性研究研究較不具有下列何種功能? (A)其所進行之試題分析可增加研究工具的信效度 (B)其結果可以避免正式施測時可能產生的困難或錯誤 (C)其結果可以提供修正研究工具之參考 (D)可以減少正式施測時的受試樣本 2.下列對於研究假設的陳述何者有誤: (A)研究之待答問題(或研究問題)均可概念化或轉化為研究假設 (B)依抽象度研究假設可分為描述性假設與分析性假設 (C)研究假設具有檢證或考驗的性質 (D)研究假設至少可以分為差異式與函數式(關係式)二種 3.對於探究人類行為多種哲學基礎中,下列描述何者有誤: (A)這些哲學基礎包括實證主義(positivism)、後實證主義

(postpositivism)、建構主義(constructivism)及批判理論(critical theory) (B)建構主義典範中,並無所謂真理可被探索發現,因此也沒有假設或對 假設的考驗 (C)建構主義採真實的現象非絕對性,涉及機率的論點 (D)實證主義的科學研究目的在確認出變項間的因果關係 4.某研究以大台中市、彰化縣及南投縣等三縣市之公私立高中學生為標的母 群,各校每班以 40 人計,按縣市學生比例,總計隨機抽取 20 班,寄發 800 份問卷,實際有效樣本份數共 596 份,占總問卷數的 74.5%。請問該研究較 符合哪種抽樣方式:

(A)simple random sampling (B)systematic sampling (C)cluster sampling

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第 2 頁,共 4 頁 5.某研究針對大學生負向生活事件、社會支持與憂鬱傾向之關係進行探究,下 列何者陳述有誤: (A)負向生活事件與社會支持可視為預測變項 (B)負向生活事件與社會支持之間可能有交互作用 (C)負向生活事件可做為調節變項 (D)憂鬱傾向可為效標變項

6. The central assumption of reliability theory is that (A) measurement errors are essentially random (B) measurement errors are not random

(C) measurement errors are due to deficiencies in the test (D) measurement errors cannot be minimized

7. The reliability coefficient is the ratio of (A) true score variance/total variance (B) true score variance/error variance (C) total variance/true score variance

(D) total variance/error plus the score variance

8. When you are interested in the long-term stability of a measure, you should use the______ method for estimating reliability.

(A)test-retest (B)alternate forms (C)split-half (D)internal consistency 二、計算題(26%) 1.假設某個問卷有3個題目,總分之標準差為10,題目之變異數分別是16, 17, 17,試求該量表的內部一致性信度___。(7%) 註: 2.某學術研究報告有下列兩個報表,由此報表可知該研究有三個變數,分別是 y, x1, x2 (α=.05)。請問: (1) 該研究是採用何種統計分析?(4%)       Σ − − = 1 ( 2)2 1 SD SD k k i α

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第 3 頁,共 4 頁 (2) 表一主要的功能為何?(6%) (3) 根據表二的結果下結論 (9%) 表二:係數 模式 未標準化係數 標準化係數 t 顯著性 B 之估計值 標準誤差 Beta 分配 1 (常數) 11.181 1.443 7.750 .000 x1 .234 .039 .463 5.979 .000 x2 -.047 .030 -.120 -1.550 .122 a. 依變數: y 三、解釋名詞(10%,每題 5%) 請用中文回答,每題請不超過 250 字 1. sociometric techniques

2. typical performance test

四、簡答題(10%)

實驗設計非常重視如何控制干擾因素(confounding)對實驗結果的影響,以 證明其實驗效果,大體而言可以歸類為幾種控制方式?請申述之。

五、問答題(15%)

在一項研究中,研究人員分析 Campbell Interest and Skill Survey 與 Strong Interest Inventory 之相關,請問他們想要收集何種效度證據?除了這種方法之 外,你會建議用什麼其他的方法建立此量表的效度?請一併說明此種方法的 進行方式以及這兩種方法各有何優點與限制。 表一:Anova 模式 平方和 df 平均平方 和 F 顯著性 1 迴歸 977.160 2 488.580 28.347 .000 殘差 5773.964 335 17.236 總數 6751.124 337 a. 預測變數:(常數), x1,x2 b. 依變數: y

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六、中翻英(15%)

請以中文翻譯下面的摘要短文。

This meta-analysis synthesized bullying prevention programs’ effectiveness at increasing bystander intervention in bullying situations. Evidence from 12

school-based programs, involving 12,874 students, indicated that overall the programs were successful, with larger effects for high school samples compared to kindergarten through eighth-grade student samples. A secondary synthesis from eight of the studies that reported empathy for victim revealed treatment effectiveness that was positive but not significantly from zero. Nevertheless, this meta-analysis indicated that programs increased bystander intervention both on a practical and statistically significant level. These results suggest that researchers and school administrators should consider implementing programs that focus on bystander intervention behavior supplementary to bullying prevention programs.

(Resource: Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L., & Pigott, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of school –based bullying prevention programs’ effects on bystander intervention behavior. School

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